TUGAS OPERASI DAN PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR

Metcalf & Eddy Chapter 7, Chapter 8

Suhendra Amka Putra
NRP. 3315201203

Metcalf & Edy Chapter 7

7-5
1 L sampel mengandung 22 g casein (C 8H1203N2). Jika 18 g bacterial cell tissue (C 5H7NO2) disintesis
per 50 g dari konsumsi casein, tentukan jumlah kebutuhan oksigen untuk proses oksidasi casein
menjadi produk dan cell tissue. Produk yang dihasilkan dari oksidasi berupa CO 2, ammonia (NH3),
dan air. Diasumsikan nitrogen tidak termasuk dalam produksi cell-tissue yang akan terkonversi
menjadi amonia.
Penyelesaian:
1. Hitung jumlah oksidasi casein COD (konsumsi O2)
g COD cells + g COD oxidized = g COD removed
2. Temtukan nilai COD dari 22 g casein
a. Rumus kimia untuk oksidasi casein:
C8H12O3N2 + O2 CO2 + H2O + NH3
b. Rumus kesetimbangan:
C8H12O3N2 + 8O2 8CO2 + 3H2O + 2NH3
8.0 moles O2 / mole casein
c. Hitung g COD removed
MW casein
= 8(12) + 12(1) + 3(16) + 2(14)
= 184
g COD/g casein =

8(32)
184

= 1.39

g COD removed = (1.39 g COD/g casein) (220 = 30.6 g

3. Hitung total kebutuhan oksigen
a. Hitung g COD dalam cells:
Diketahui: 18 g cells/50 g casein = 0.36 g cells/g casein
g celss
= (0.36 g/g) (22 g casein) = 7.92 g cells
COD cell tissue (Eq. 7-5), 1.42 g COD/g cells
g COD dalam cells = (1.42 g/g) (7.92 g cells)
= 11.25 g COD
b. g COD oksidasi

= g COD removed g COD cells

= (30.6 11.25) g
= 19.35 g
c. Total kebutuhan oksigen = 19.4 g
7-27

Desain sebuah proses complete-mix activated sludge dengan recycel untuk mengolah limbah industri
dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut:
-

Flowrate
BOD
nbVSS
TKN
Total fosfor
Temperatur: 15 0C

: 4000 m3/hari
: 800 mg/l
: 200 mg/l
: 30 mg/l
: 8 mg/l

Penyelesaian:
1. Temtukan konsentrasi effluent soluble bCOD

( X TSS ) ( V )=
S

QY ( S0S ) ( SRT)

( fd )( b ) YQ (S0 S )( SRT )( SRT )

+Q X o . i ( SRT ) +Q(TSS 0V SS 0)( SRT )
[1+ b ( SRT )](0.85)
[1+b ( SRT ) ](0.85)
+

K s [1+b ( SRT ) ]
[ ( SRT ) (Yk b ) ]1

a. Hitung nilai S

g
0.10 g
[1+
( 10 d ) ]
3
g.d
m
g
S
=1.7 3 =1.7 mgCOD /L
m
( 10 d ) 2.5 g 0.10 g 1
g.d
g.d

20

[ (

)]

)(

b. Hitung nilai S0
S0 = (1.6 mg bCOD/mg BOD)(800 mg/L BOD) = 1280 mg bCOD/L
c. Hitung nilai V

2500

g
( V )=
3
m

m3
4000
d

)(

( 12801.7 ) g /m3
g
g
g
0.45 [ ](10 d)
0.10
0.10
0.45
g
g
g.d

g
( 10 d ) ( 0.85 )
1+ 0.10
1+ 0.10
g.d
g

[ (

= 9.155 m3

2. Tentukan jumlah limbah padat

P X , TSS=

X TSS ( V )
=
SRT

( 2500 ) ( 9155 ) 1
10 d

kg
103 g

) =2288.8 kg

3. Tentukan kebutukan oksigen

Ro = Q (S0 S) 1.42 PX,bio

P X , bio =

QY ( S0S) ( fd ) ( b ) YQ ( S 0S ) SRT
+
1+ b( SRT )
1+ b( SRT )

)(

)(
(

(12801.7)

( 4000 ) ( 0.45 )
P X ,bio =
P X , bio =1,265,517
Ro
Ro

g
d

= (4000) (1280-1.7) (1.42) (1265.52)

= 3316.17 g/d = 3316 kg/d

Volumetric oxygen uptake rate

= Ro/V
= (3316.17)/(9155 m3) (24 h/d)
= 15.1 g/m3.h = 15.1 mg/L.h

4. Tentukan konsentrasi eflluent soluble BOD dari konsentrasi effluent soluble bCOD.
Effluent sBOD
= 1.7 / (1.6 g COD/g BOD)
= 1.1 mg/L sBOD
5. Tentukan lumpur yang diresirkulasi
Rate of mass in = Rate of mass out
(QR + Q) (2500 mg/L)
= QR (8000 mg/L) + Q - QR) (15 mg/L)
(R + 1) (2500 mg/L)
= R (8000 mg/L) + (1 R) (15 mg/L)
R
= 0.45
6. Tentukan MLVSS/MLSS rasio
MLVSS = PX,VSS (SRT) / V

P X , VSS =

QY (S0 S) ( fd ) ( b ) YQ ( S 0S ) SRT
+
+ Q(X o . i)
1+b(SRT )
1+b(SRT )

(10 d )

( 4000 ) ( 0.45 )
MLVSS=
MLVSS/MLSS = (2256 g/m3) / (2500 g/m3) = 0.90
7. Tentukan kebutuhan N dan P berdasarkan produksi biomassa per hari

P X , bio =1,265,517

g
d

a. Kebutuhan N = 0.12 g N/g biomassa

= (0.12) (1,265,51 g)
= 151,862 g
Berdasarkan influent flow = 151,862 g / (4000 m3/d) = 37.97 mg/l.d
TKN = 30 mg/l, maka nitrogen yang ditambahkan sebesar 8 mg/L N.
b. Kebutuhan P = 0.02 g P/g biomassa
= 0.02 (1,265,567 g) = 25310 g/d
Berdasarkan influent flow = 25310 g / 400 m3/d = 6.33 mg/L

Metcalf & Edy Chapter 8

8-5
Diketahui data karalteristik limbah sebagai berikut:
TKN

= 40 mg/L

NH4-N

= 25 mg/L

Soluble organic nitrogen

= 5 mg/L

Nonbiodegradable soluble organic nitrogen

= 1 mg/L

VSS

= 180 mg/L

Nonbiodegradable VSS fraction

= 40 %

Tentukan: a) organic nitrogen; b) Nonbiodegradable particulate organic nitrogen (nbpON); c)

Konsentrasi biodegradable organic nitrogen (bON).
Penyelesaian:
a. Organic nitrogen (ON)
ON
= TKN - NH4-N
ON
= (40 25) mg/l
ON
= 15 mg/L
b. Nonbiodegradable particulate organic nitrogen (nbpON)
- Hitung organic nitrogen yang mengandung VSS

f N=
-

TKN sOB( NH 4N ) 40525

=
=0.05 6
VSS
180

Hitung nbVSS
nbVSS = VSS (nbVSS fraction)
nbVSS = 180 mg/L (0.40)
nbVSS = 72 mg/L
Hitung nbpON
nbpON = fN (nbVSS)
nbpON = 0.056 (72 mg/L_
nbpOn = 4.03 mg/L

c. Konsentrasi biodegradable organic nitrogen

- Hitung nbON
nbON = nbsON + nbpON
nbON = (1 + 4.03) mg/L
nbON = 4.03 mg/L
- Hitung biodegradable organic nitrogen (bON)
bON = ON nbON
bON = (15 5.03) mg/L
bON = 9.97 mg/L
8-27
Compare the steady state nitrification performance of a four-stage activated sludge system with equal
volumes per stage for a single-stage CMAS system with the same total volume. The hydraulic
retention time is 8 h for both systems, and the same SRT is used. The CMAS system SRT is calculated
for an effluent NH4-N concentration of 2.0 mg/l (0.002 g/m3) and the amount of ammonia oxidized
(NOx) is assumed at 30 g/m3. Use the kinetic coefficient given in Table 8-14, along with the
following conditions:
Design conditions and assumptions:
-

Temperature
max, 16
KNH4
Yn
bn, 16
NOx
Effluent NH4-N
DO
KD
RAS recycle ratio

= 160C
= 0.681 g/g.d
= 0.50 g/m3
= 0.15 g VSS/g NH4-N
= 0.151 g/g.d
= 30 g/m3
= 0.002 g/m3
= 2.0 g/m3
= 0.5 g/m3
= 0.5

Penyelesaian:
1. Determine the SRT value and concentration of the nitrifying bacteria for a single-stage system, t
= 8 h = 0.33 d, N = 0.50 g/m3

 AOB =max . AOB .16

AOB=

S NH
S NH + K NH

(0.681)(0.002)
0,002+0.002

}{

)(

SO
b AOB
S O + K O . AOB

2.0
0.151
0.002+2.0

AOB =0.189 g/ g . d

SRT =

1
AOB

SRT =

1
=5.29 d
0.189

Xn=

( SRT ) Y n ( NO3 )
t (1+b n ( SRT ) )

Xn=

( 5.29)(0.15)(30)
3
=40.36 g /m
( 0.33 ) ( 1+ ( 0.151 ) ( 5.29 ) )

2. Rn is function of the NH4-N concentration (N) each stage

For stage 1

R 1=

1
2.0
40.36=96.75
{ 0.681
}{
}{
0.15 0.50+1 0.5+2.0 }

For stage 2

R 2=

2
2.0
40.36=117.27
{ 0.681
}{
}{
0.15 0.50+2 0.5+2.0 }

For stage 3

R 3=

3
2.0
40.36=125.65
{ 0.681
}{
}{
0.15 0.50+3 0.5+2.0 }

For stage 4

R4 =

4
2.0
40.36=130.30
{0.681
}{
}{
0.15 0.50+ 4 0.5+2.0 }