STUDENT PROJECT

Epidural Hematoma dan Subdural Hematoma

Oleh
Ni Made Citra R. Wulan

(127012007)

I Gde Nindya Prawira

(1270121044)

I Dw. G. A. Suta Ariwangsa

(1270121052)

Ni Luh Mutiara Savrita D

(1270121053)

Pembimbing
dr. I G. N. Anom Murdhana

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS WARMADEWA
DENPASAR
NOVEMBER, 2013

ABTRAK
Epidural hematoma yaitu kumpulan darah yang terletak di antara duramater dan
periosteum. Penyebabnya hampir selalu fraktur tulang dengan robekan di arteri meningeal
media oleh laserasi traumatik, pembuluh darah meningeal terbesar. Penelitian di Rumah
Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) jakarta tahun 2001-2004 ditemukan 41,3% pasien
perdarahan epidural dari keseluruhan pasien cedera kepala. Pada subdural hematoma
merupakan kumpulan darah yang terdapat di ruangan diantara duramater dan arakhnoid.
Penyebabnya biasanya adalah trauma. Perdarahan subdural akut terjadi pada trauma kepala
berat. Keadaan ini memiliki prognosis yang baik. Kebanyakan perdarahan subdural terjadi
pada konveksitas otak daerah parietal. Sebagian kecil terdapat di fossa posterior dan pada
fissura interhemisferik serta tentorium atau diantara lobus temporal dan dasar tengkorak.
interhemisferik disebabkan oleh ruptur vena-vena yang berjalan diantara hemisfer bagian
medial dan falks, juga bisa disebabkan oleh lesi traumatik dari arteri pericalosal karena
cedera kepala. Perdarahan subdural interhemisferik akan memberikan gejala klasik
monoparesis pada tungkai bawah. Manifestasi yang tampak pada pasien Epidural
hematoma bervariasi, mulai dari sakit kepala, penurunan kesadaran secara progresif,
hingga koma. Sedangkan gejala klinis pada subdural hematoma yaitu sakit kepala,
hemiparesis, gangguan keadaan mental, gangguan cara berjalan yang normal dan aphasia.
Sebagian besar penatalaksanaan untuk perdarahan epidural dan subdural ini adalah dengan
tindakan operasi.
Kata kunci : epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma

ABSTRACT
Epidural hematoma is a accumulation of blood that located between duramater and
periosteum. It is almost caused by fracture bone with a split in meningeal artery by traumatic
wound, the biggest meningeal vein. Research in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital in 2001-2004
found that 41,3% patient with epidural hematoma caused by head injury. Subdural hematoma
is a blood accumulation that located in a space between duramater and araknoid. It is
commonly caused by trauma. The acute subdural hematoma occurs in head injury. Mostly
subdural hematoma occurs in lobus parietal brain. And the rest is in fossa posterior and fissure
interhemisferik and also tentorium that located between lobus temporal and base cranium.
Subdural hematoma mostly happen on male. The predominant cause of subdural hematoma is
a trauma. Subdural hematoma that happened on interhemispher fissure is mostly caused by
destruction of veins that walk through medial and falks of hemisfher region, or because of
head injury that damages the pericalosal artery. Subdural hematoma interhemisfher will
caused classical sympthomp like monoparesis on lower limb. Clinical manifestation of
epidural hematoma may be vary from headache, neurological deficit, to coma. Otherwise the
most common presenting symthom in subdural hematoma patient are headache, hemiparesis,
gait disturbance, altered mental status, and aphasia. The treatment of epidural and subdural
hematoma mostly deal with operation.
Key word : epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma

DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL.......................................................................................
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................
1.1 Latar Belakang .........................................................................................
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................
1.3 Tujuan...............................................................................
1.4 Manfaat..............................................................................
BAB II
PEMBAHASAN...........................................................................
2.1 Definisi
.............................................................................................3
2.2 Epidemiologi.............................................................................................
2.3 Etiologi .....................................................................................................
2.4 Patogenesis ............................................................................................4
2.5 Gejala Klinis.............................................................................................
2.6 Pemeriksaan Fisik dan Penunjang............................................................
2.7 Diagnosa Banding.....................................................................................
2.8 Diagnosa Pasti...........................................................................................
2.9 Terapi........................................................................................................
2.10 Prognosis...................................................................................................
BAB III PENUTUP .....................................................................................
3.1 Simpulan ................................................................................
3.2 Saran ......................................................................................
DAFTAR PUSTAKA...................................................................................... .

i
ii
iii
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
5
6
7
7
8
9
11
11
11
12