ChE 462

Spring 2016

Dow Fire and

Explosion Index (FEI)
P E LNSU B ULUTOLU
ECE DEM M UTLU
DLARA NEJAD
C H AT Z T E P E

Boazii University
22.4.2016

What is the Dow FEI?

The Dow FEI is a globally used ranking system to evaluate hazard
category of a process plant and expected losses due to potential fires
and explosions.
It ranks individual process units where special safety attention
ought to be focused.
It is performed after all equipments are sized and details of the
process are determined.

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What Does the FEI Consist of?

Six general process hazards.
Twelve special process hazards.
Nine process control credit factors.
Four material isolation credit factors.

Loss Control Credit Factors

Nine fire protection credit factors.

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General Process Hazards

Exothermic reactions.
Endothermic processes.
Material handling and transfer.
Enclosed or indoor process units. (Conditions for chemical usage. i.e.
Are there flammable liquids handled at temperatures above their boiling
point in an enclosed area ? )
Access. (Area of the plant. i.e. Is there an adequate access inside the
plant in case of a fire ? )
Drainage and spill control.

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General Process Hazards Contd

Table 1. General Process Hazard [1].
Penalty Factor Range

1. General Process Hazards

Penalty Factor Used

(for no penalty factor use 0.00)

Base Factor

1.00

1.00

A. Exothermic Chemical Reactions

0.30 to 1.25

0.00

B. Endothermic Chemical Reactions

0.20 to 0.40

0.00

0.25 to 1.05

0.50

0.25 to 0.90

0.23

E. Access

0.20 to 0.35

0.20

F. Drainage and Spill Control

0.25 to 0.50

0.50

C. Material Handling and Transfer

D. Enclosed or Indoor Process Units

Mild exotherms. i.e

hydrogenations

General Process Hazards Factor (F1 = Sum of 1A through 1F + Base Factor)

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2.43

Special Process Hazards

Toxic materials.
Sub-atmospheric pressure (<500 mmHg).
Operating in or near flammable range.
Tank farm storage flammable liquids.
Process upset or purge failure.
Always in flammable range.

Dust explosion. (Particle size. i.e. The finer the dust. the greater the hazard due to rapid rate of
the pressure rise)
Pressure.
Low temperature.

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Special Process Hazards Contd

Quantity of flammable/unstable material.
Liquids or gases in process.
Liquids or gases in storage.
Combustible solids in storage.

Corrosion and erosion.

Leakage joints and packing. (Are there experimental setups known to give regular leakage
problems at pumps, compressors etc.)
Use of fired equipment.
Hot oil heat exchanger system.
Rotating equipment. (Are there any high speed rotating equipments, such as centrifuges ? )

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Special Process Hazards Contd

Table 2. Special Process Hazard [1].
Penalty Factor Range

2. Special Process Hazards

Penalty Factor Used

(for no penalty factor use 0.00)

Base Factor
A. Toxic Materials
B. Sub-Atmospheric Pressure (<500 mm Hg)
C. Operation In or Near Flammable Range
1. Tank Farms Storage Flammable Liquids
2. Process Upset or Purge Failure
3. Always in Flammable Range
D. Dust Explosion

1.00
0.20 to 0.80
0.50
0.30 to 0.80
0.50
0.30
0.80
0.25 to 2.00

1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00

0.86 to 1.50
0.20 to 0.30

0.00
0.00

0 to 10
0 to 3.50
0 to 1.80
0 to 10
0.10 to 0.75
0.10 to 1.50
0 to 1.2
0.15 to 1.15
0.50

0.00
0.10
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.50

Special Process Hazards Factor (F2 = Sum of 2A through 2L + Base Factor)

Process Unit Hazards Factor (F1 x F2) = F3

2.23
5.42

Operating Pressure 7 psig

Relief Setting 50 psig

E. Pressure

F. Low Temperature
G. Quantity of Flammable / Unstable Material

Quantity 37.620 lbs

714 E 6 BTU

1. Liquids or Gases in Process

2. Liquids or Gases in Storage
3. Combustible Solids in Storage. Dust in Process
H. Corrosion and Erosion
I. Leakage - Joints and Packing
J. Use of Fired Equipment
K. Hot Oil Heat Exchange System
L. Rotating Equipment

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Material Factor (MF)

The MF is a measure of the intrinsic rate of potential energy release
from fire or explosion produced by combustion or chemical reaction.
MF is obtained from reactivity value ( ) and flammability value
( ).

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Table 3. Reactivity values [1].

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10

Table 4. Material factor determination[2].

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11

F&EI index
Degree of process hazard can be determined after finding F&EI index.
& = 3
Table 5. F& EI Index Range [2].

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Process Unit Risk Analysis Summary

F&EI index.
Radius of exposure,
= 0.3048 0.84 & .

Area of exposure,

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= 2

13

References
1.

Suardin, J. (2005). The Integration of Dows Fire and Explosion Index into Process Design and
Optimization to Achieve an Inherently Safer Design. Texas A& M University, United States of
America.

2.

Wang F., Wang Y. (2012). Safety Assessment of Production Process of Styrene. Vol. 45, 139
143.

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