Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 21

, 2010, 3(73)

616.12009.72

.. , .. , .. , .. , .. ,
..

-

,

.
.
.
: , , ,

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBRANES ERYTHROCYTE


AND ITS CHANGE AT PATHOLOGIES OF VARIOUS GENESIS
M.K. Borovskaya, E.E. Kuznetsov, V.G. Gorokhova, L.B. Koriakina, T.E. Kurilskaya,
Ju.I. Pivovarov
Scientific Center of Reconstructive and Restorative Surgery SB RAMS, Irkutsk

General principles of erythrocytes cytoskeleton structure and structural and functional features of its membrane are observed in the article. Data about the role of different components of erythrocyte membrane in their
interaction with extracellular matrix are given. Main typical breaks of structure and function of blood red cells
at pathologies of different genesis are shown.
Key words: erythrocyte, membrane, structure and features of membrane, pathology of membrane

,

,
-
.
.

,
.

, ,
, ,
. ,
,
,
,
[28].
334

,
,
, , ,
.

, .
(70 %), (25 %),
, , , ,

5%.
7103 /., ,
[25].
() , .

8597%


(), 3555% . -

, 2010, 3(73)

, ,
Na+.

.
,
[3, 20, 22, 25].
,
,
. ,
,
, , ,
: , , ,
, , .
.
,
.
, .

,
23
.

.
, , .

(), , . ,
de

novo

, , , .
, .
-
, .
, ,
- 2. ,
.
, ,
.
:
, [9, 12].

13
.
, ,
. ,
, , ;
.
,

(, , ) .


( ) .
2 2 . , ,

[12, 34].

, (
NAD
) (NAD).

, ,

.
NAD
NAD-2. NAD-H2 .
NADP-H2 :
.

NADH
- .
,
NAD+ NADH.
,
( 12 %)
(NADPH
NADH), 2-
[6, 9, 12].
.
,
, , , , , (Fc
C ), 3b
4
b
, , [29, 40].
:
.
,
.
. pH
, . ,
,
H+.
, H+,
CO2
.
.
, 2
[45].

335

, 2010, 3(73)
. , , ,
1, 2, 6, ,
.
.
, [1,48], [13],
[48].
.
[12].
[70, 75].
, .

. 45 %
.
. ,
, -.

.
( , IgM, 2-)
(), .
[22, 44]. ,
Fc- ,
3b 4b .
, , ,
, ,
.
,
, [38, 53].

[73].
.
,
,
.
.
4-2,3- (4-
HNE
), . .

,
. , S-.

.
70% 4-HNE [16].

,
. ,
, -
.
.
,

,
[19].

, , :
,

. 1. .

336

, 2010, 3(73)
.

: ,

(. 1) [6].
,
, , .

, .

,
.

, .

: ( ), .
, .
. .

, 2 , 16 24
, 1- 2- . ,
, -
, ,
. .

,

, ,
.
, ,
.
.

.
(
) ( ).
7
.

,
2 , .
,

( )
. 3 : , .
, .
.

. , .

, . .
,
,
.
. ,
D-
2, 3 4 : D-,
D
- N

--
D
-
.
. .

N-
() , 7.0 . ,
, .

. , ,
(17%) (18%),
(18%) (7%) [6].

. g 2+-- - ( - ),


.
2+, - .
, g2+-- -, () .
,
. 2+

, ( ),
.
(-) ,

.

337

, 2010, 3(73)

.
:
1) ,
, , .

,
,
, .
2) ,
,
, , .
, ,

.
3)
.
() (2342%) ,
.
.

210, . . ,
.
,
,
-=-
22- , , . .
[37].

,

. ,
.

,

,
: 1) ; 2)
; 3)
[46].
,
.
. ,
338

. ,
( )
, . . -
, , , [46].
,

.

. , ,
/ 0,9
1,8, 8%.

,
, , ,

.
,
, , ,

[17, 24].

,
.
, .
,

.
, : ,
( , ,

), [17].
3%
[3].
S/V = 1,9,
2
.

, ,
.

,
.

, 2010, 3(73)


, .

.

,
,
, .
, 50 %
,
50 .

.
, ,
:
,

, ,
(. 2, 1, 2).
,
(. 2, 3).


,
,
( )
,

(. 2 4).
, ,
.

(. 2, 5).
,

,
,
. .
, , , ,
,
( , ,

)
.


15
15 250 .

7 ,
[14].
1 2 -
- ( 220 240
).
. 30%
.
- ,

.
( ),
200 .
,

, 12 17
4.1, (. 3). ,

. ,
,
.

( )
.

[14].


.
,

, ,
,
( 2.1, 2.2 2.3).
-,
3.
3 [14, 15].
.
, 4.1
( ) ,

(. 3) [14].
3 (
)

.
90 , 2- . ,
( 48 )
(.
3).
, , 4.2, 4.1, 3-, ,

339

, 2010, 3(73)

. 2. .
- (1) - (2). (1 2) , (1).
, ,
(3), , , ,
(4). , (5).

. 3. ( )
. , , in vitro. , ,
( 15 )
4.1 ( ), .

, , , .
-

[2, 14].
, 3
340

,
,
.
3
, . . ,
.

, 2010, 3(73)
4.9
.
145.
. .

. ,
,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
4.1 4.9, [8, 14].
1985 . , .
200 2- 26 19,5 . 6000
1 , . . 1
80 [14].
4.5
.
,

D
- 45 . ()
1,5 /,
46 /, .
,
L-
, D- D-,
.
,
[39].
6 -3 () ( 35 )

, .
[42].
,

[2].
8
-S- ( 23 ).
8
2+- [14].
9
, .
, 3, 380 ,

.
N
-
.


: -6, , , . . .
[14].
2,3-
3,

,
[8]. ,

100 ,
.
( = 17,4 /
) , ,
. . ,
.
, .
,

,

.

.
,

, .
,
.
(131 ).
,
N-
.
15
, 100
, 60%
.
( 90%
) , ,

. -
, - ,
20 , .

( 6 105), , ,

341

, 2010, 3(73)
,
. ,
,
-.

.
, .
100 .
, ,

, : 1,3- --- 3-
--- --- ---
[7, 12].
.


,

.
. -

.

.
,
,
.

,


[6, 17].


.

.
.
,

. , ,

. ,
(. .
, ),
342

. , 2,

. ,
. , 2, NO, H2O2, NH3,
,
,
. ,

, ,
. ,
[17]. ,


(. ).
, , , , ,
,
.
.
,
.
,
.

: - . - ( )
,


. ,
( -)
, .
, ( )
, , .

.
(
). ,

( ). ,
,
( ).

. -

, 2010, 3(73)
.

.
,
, .
,

, ,


. ,
,
.
,
. ,
,
,
, , ,
.
.
2,
.
, ,
.
.
.
,


[33].

,
. ,
, -.
,
,
, .
, -
,
, ,
, . -

().
(. .
), .
, Vmax, -.

, -
,
, .


( ), ( -

).
,
o -.
-
. . ,


(), ().

, . .
. -,
,

, . ,

.

,
. ,
,
.
N+/+-, +/2+- N+/+-.
510 %
- .

,
.
, , ( ) AQP.
HIP28 28 (
1 AQP1) .
, 11 ,
. 3D- AQP1, ,

,
AQP1

343

, 2010, 3(73)
. ,
( ),
H3O+.
, ,

, ,

. -
, ,
.
, ,
(2105 /.) [52],
: 2, 2, 22, N3 .

2 2
, ,
O2 AQP1
17 .
-
[68]. ,
AQP1
2 [59].
3
,
( 50 ), ,
,
.
, , - (II),
, HCO3 3
, . . 2
[2].
,
-, , .
-,
, Na+/+-,
(
Na+/K+-).
+ ,
, 1020 , . Na+ .

Na+/+-.
, Na+
, +
. Na+,
344

,
.
. ,

, .

.
.
, Na+/+- . , ,

.
10 %
. 90 %
+ .

,
,
.
Na+/+-
.
, , , .
( ,
)
, .

( Na+ 1),
. Na+/+- ,
Na+
; l
[48].
Na +/ +-
,
,
- ,
.
2+ (~ 107
)
(~ 103 ). 2+

2+ , ,


. 2+
2+-,
. , -

, 2010, 3(73)
, , Na+.
2+- : ,
( ,
),

.
,
, .

2+, .
.
( 16,7 )
.

.
,
2+
. 2+-
2+ 30 ,
.
2+
2+ .
2+

,
2+-. 3 4-
2+-
2+, .
, 2+
2+-
[7, 35].

2+.
, , 2+.
2+
( )
( 2+
22,
, , , ,
.
2+-
, , . .).
,

2+-, , 2+ , [35].

-
(),

. , , .
-

.
-
.

, , .

, , (
,
, ,

,

).

(


3),

. ,
-
[43].

2-,
, ,
. . [27, 42].

, ,
.

, (
) 22,
.
.
,
.
. - (. 135000)
, ,
, . -c (. 95000)
,
, . .
. -

345

, 2010, 3(73)
. ,

.
,
- , , , , -
[5].

,

Na+/K+- [42].
,
,
, .


.

,
.

,
()
().
2 10% . , ,
.

.
, ,
()
, .
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
, -, .
,
: ,
.
;
,
346



, . ,

.
:
N-
-
. N-
12
,
. - ,
, ( 4
).


,
, .
, ,
.
,
,
,
(
) ,

, [47].
,

. 2,1 105 4,9 106 [47].

: ,
N--D-,
3 .
() .
D-
3 [47].
, ,

, , , . ,
,
.

, ,
.

,
,
,
.
.

, 2010, 3(73)
,
,
.
,

.
, , ,

.

,
.
250 , ,
;
.

29 [30].

,
. (, ,
, , , ) ,
- . .
[30].

,

.
19,
: , , . [54].

.
-,
. - , ,
, [55].
, ,
- (Rh-)
CO2 NH3 [71], O2 [50].
, - 1
, Colton [53, 62].
9
Colton-null, - AQP1 [58].
AQP1,

[56].

Colton-null [57,
60]. ,
Colton-null ,
AQP1. ,
1
, ,
Rh-.
-, ,
, , [72].
4 , , D

.
[30].
D

[61, 72].
3 ,
, , I

, . 3
, - . , 3
, .
,
3,
[64].


, , , ,
[65].
,

(. . ). . ,

.
[69, 74].

. DAF (, ),
,
, . DAF

4b 3b,
- [66].

R
1, , , .
3b 3d ,

347

, 2010, 3(73)
, . ,
R1
, 4b
3b, [51].

.
.
,
.
-

3%,
, : , ,
( ),
,
- [22, 25].
,
.
(, ,
, , ), ,
, [4, 22].
pH
,
,
. .
,


[22, 25, 48].
, ,
16
37 , 5% ,
, [4, 25].
, ,
[22, 48].
1%
,
.
, , ,
,
[36].
,
348

[46, 49].
, , :
1) ;
2) ( ) ;
3) ,
;
4) , .

, ,
- , , ,
,
- .
,

.
,

.
Ca2+,
, ,
.

Ca2+ ,
,
, , ,
Ca2+-
,
, , [10, 21, 23].
, ,
,
[46].
, , .
:
. ,

, , ,
( , ),
(
, , , ).

, -

, 2010, 3(73)
(
, ,
,
,
).
[6, 11].
.



.
: , , ,
, .
7.4.

() .

[29].


.
,
,
.
, -
, ,
,

Na+/K+- [5, 46, 29].

,
[18]. ,
NO, ,
.
,
( ) ,

.
[26].
, .
,

[32].
.

, -


,
[29].

,
.

. , - HbS

,
[29].
[18]. -
(HbF).

HbA
() , . HbF MeHb
, HbA [41].
,
Hb
, . Hb

[41].
, ,
-
, ,

/ [46].

[29].



.

.
,
, -
, [26].
( )


. ,

4,9 ,
.
.
-

349

, 2010, 3(73)
, ,
[31].

,
.

5,5 7,9 , ( , )
,
10
.

[46].

,

, , ,
. - -


,
[46].

.
,
(, , ) (),

.
.

,
.

(. 1). ,
3%
16 % .
,


,

.
,
, -

[13]. ,
.
,
(, ,
), ,
,
. ,
.

,
, . ,
, ,

.
, , -
, , , .

, -
red-ox -
,

.
()
. ,

( ).

( 40 )
[46].
, ,
10 20 ,

1
()

, %

01

350

45

67

910

1316

, 2010, 3(73)
[46]. ,

(),
. - ,
. .

,
.

[63].

23
, . ,

,

, , . ,
,
,

.
, ,


.



.
,
,
[49].
,
,
, - , - ,

,
2+,
, ,
.

( , , ,
) (


) (



) ,
,

- .
-
, .

, ,
- .
7 8 ,
.
-
,
, ,
, , , , ,
, , ,
[49].
,


, ,
,
. .. .. [36]



,

.


.

1. ,

/.. , .. , .. .
// 1 . .,
2005. . 15.
2.
-6-

351

, 2010, 3(73)
/ .. , .. , .. . // . .
1995. . 12, . 1. . 1621.
3. ..


/ .. // . .
2001. . 43, . 1. . 3438.
4. .. / .. , .. // - :
. . . , 2005. . 197.
5. .. -
-6
/ .. , .. , .. // . 1992. . 9, . 5.
.453463.
6. . / . ; .
. .: , 1981. 256 .
7. .. .
/ .. . .: , 1986. . 65.
8. ..
/ .. , .. , .. . // . 2009.
. 54, . 3. . 442447.
9. ..
/ .. , .. . : , 1994. 383 .
10. ..
/ .. // . .
. . 1989. 4. . 719.
11. / .., .. , .. . //.
. 1999. . 44, .1. .2124.
12. ..
/ .. , .. , .. . .: , 1985. 286 .
13. ..
/... .: , 1987. 94 .
14. .. / .. , .. // . 1988. . 30, 1. . 518.
15. .. / .. ,
.. , .. . // .
1988. . 53, . 8. . 13161326.
16. ..
:

/ .. , .. // .
. 2003. . 49, 4. . 374387.
17. .. / .. ,
.. , .. // . . 1995. . 12, 4. . 400407.
352

18.

/.., .. , .. .
// . . 2005. 9. . 7073.
19. .. -

/ .. , .. // . .
. .. . 1987. . 73, 12.
.15871594.
20. .. ,
/ .. // .
. 1992. . 112., . 1. . 5359.
21. .. / .. // . . 1985.
5. . 27.
22. ..
/ .. . .: , 2004. 203 .
23. ..
/ .. . .: ,
2002. 632 .
24. ..
/ .. ,
.. // . . 1995.
.12, . 2. . 157163.
25. .. / .. ,
.. , .. . . : ,
1982. 270 .
26. ..
/ .. , .. // . 1993. . 38, . 5. . 804808.
27. ..
-
-
/ .. , .. , ..
//. . 1994. . 11, . 5.
.489495.
28.
:
/ .. , .. , ..
. // . 2006.
2. . 6269.
29. .. : ,
, -
/ .. , .. , ..
//. . -. 2007. 10. . 2135.
30. ..
/ .. , .. //. . 2001. . 46, . 5.
.3745.
31. ..
/ .. ,
... .: , 1987. 189 .
32. ..

/ .. , .. , .. // . .
. 2006. 1. . 3538.

, 2010, 3(73)
33. / .., .. , .. . // 2006: . . . .,
2006. . 165166.
34. / .
... .: , 2005. . 3.
416 .
35. .. Ca2+- 2+
/ .., .. , ..
// . . 2001. . 18, . 4.
.287293.
36. ..
/ .., .. // . .
2004. . 35, 1. . 5365.
37. : / .. ,
.. , .. . // . . 2007. . 24, 6. . 490505.
38.
/ .. , .. ,
.. . // . . 1991.
.51, 1. . 5557.
39. ..
/ .. // . ... .
. . ., 1999. 160 .
40. . . .: , 2009.
7- ., ., . . 1760 .
41. ..
/ .. // . 1985. . 99, . 3.
.385400.
42. ..
/ .. , .. , ..
// . -. . 2008.
.16, 15. . 10071012.
43. ..


/ .. , .. // . .
1999. . 44, . 1. . 1618.
44. / .. , .. , .. . .: ,
1995. 243 .
45. / . . ,
. . .: , 1986. . 3. 287 .
46. / .. , .. , .. . .: ,
1983. 352 .
47. .. / .. , .. . : ,
1986. 166 .

48. .. / .. , ... : , 1981. 216 .


49. :
/ .. ,
.., .. , .. // . 2004. 3. . 5361.
50.A band 3-based macrocomplex of integral and
peripheral proteins in the RBC membrane / L.J. Bruce,
R. Beckmann, M.L. Ribeiro et al. // Tanner BLOOD.
2003. Vol. 101, N 10. P. 41804188.
51.Ahearn J.M. Structure and Function of the
Complement Receptors CR1 (CD35) and CR2 (CD21)
/ J.M. Ahearn, D.T. Fearon // Adv. Immunol.
1989. Vol. 46. P. 183219.
52.Aquaporin CHIP: the archetypal molecular
water channel / P. Agre, G.M. Preston, B.L. Smith etal.
// Am. J. Physiol Renal Physiol. 1993. Vol.265.
P. 463476.
53.Assay of catechol-o-methyltransferase activity in human erythrocytes using norepinephrine as a
natural substrate / M. Masuda, M. Tsunoda, V.Vusa
et al. // Ann. Clin. Biochem. 2002. Vol. 39,
Pt.6. P.589594.
54. Brown K.E. Parvovirus B19 infection and
hematopoiesis / K.E. Brown, N.S. Young // Blood
Rev. 1995. Vol. 9. P. 176182.
55. Cartron J.-P. Molecular basis of red cell protein
antigen deficiencies / J.-P. Cartron // Vox Sang.
2000. Vol. 78, Supl. 2. P. 723.
56.Defective urinary-concentrating ability due
to a complete deficiency of aquaporin-1 / L.S. King,
M.Choi, P.C. Fernandez et al. // New Engl. J. Med.
2001. Vol. 345. P. 175179.
57.Evidence for the Presence of Aquaporin-3 in
Human Red Blood Cells / N. Roudier, J.-M. Verbavatz,
C. Maurel et al. // The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1998. Vol. 273 P. 84078412.
58.

vidence that aquaporin 1 is a major pathway for CO2 transport across the human erythrocyte
membrane / V. Endeward, M. Aziz, G.J. Cooper,
L.-M. Chen // FASEB J. 2006. Vol. 20.
P.19741981.
59. Fua D. The structural basis of water permeation
and proton exclusion in aquaporins (Review) Click
here for immediate access to the latest key research
articles / D. Fua, M. Lu // Molecular Membrane Biology. 2007. Vol. 24. P. 366374.
60. Functional Analysis of Aquaporin-1 Deficient
Red Cells. Colton-null phenotype / J.C. Mathai,
S.Mori, B.L. Smith et al. // The Journal of Biological
Chemistry. 1996. Vol. 271. P. 13091313.
61. GIL: a red cell antigen of very high frequency
/ G.L. Daniels, E.N. DeLong, V. Hare et al. // Immunohematology. 1998. Vol. 14. P. 4952.
62. Human Red Cell Aquaporin CHIP / B.L. Smith,
G.M. Preston, F.A. Spring et al. // J. Clinic. Invest.
1994. Vol. 94, N 09. P. 10431049.
63. Iverius P.H. The interaction between human
plasma lipoproteins and connective tissue glycosaminoglycans / P.H. Iverius // J. Biol. Chem. 1972.
Vol. 247. P. 26072613.

353

, 2010, 3(73)
64. Kay M.M. Generation of senescent cell antigen on old cells initiates IgG binding to a neoantigen
/ M.M. Kay // Cell. Mol. Biol. 1993. Vol. 39,
N2. P. 131153.
65. Kidd blood group and urea transport function
of human erythrocytes are carried by the same protein
/ B. Olives, M.-G. Mattei, M. Huet et al. // J. Biol.
Chem. 1995. Vol. 270, N 26. P. 1560715610.
66. Lachmann P.J. The control of homologous
lysis / P.J. Lachmann // Immunol. Today. 1991.
Vol.12, N 9. P. 312315.
67. Mutations in aquaporin-1 in phenotypically
normal humans without functional CHIP water
channels / G.M. Preston, B.L. Smith, M.L. Zeidel etal.
// Science. 1994. Vol. 265. P. 15851587.
68. Polyuria of thyrotoxicosis: Downregulation
of aquaporin water channels and increased solute
excretion / W. Wang, C. Li, S.N. Summer, et al.
//Schrier Kidney International. 2007. Vol. 72,
N 1. P. 10881094.
69. Red blood cells are a sink for interleukin 8, a
leukocyte chemotaxin / W.C. Darbonne, G.C. Rice,
M.A. Mohler et al. // J. Clin. Invest. 1991. Vol.88,
N 4. P. 13621369.

70. Reinhart W. Hemothology: blood flow


hematology / W. Reinhart // Schweiz Med
Wochenschr. 1995. Vol. 125, N 9. P. 387395.
71. Rhesus-associated glycoprotein mediates
facilitated transport of NH3 into red blood cells
/P.Ripoche, O. Bertrand, P. Gane et al. // PNAS.
2004. Vol. 101, N 9. P. 1722217227.
72. Telen M.J. Erythrocyte blood group antigens:
polymorphisms of functionally important molecules
/M.J. Telen // Semin. Hematol. 1996. Vol. 33,
N 4. P. 302314.
73. The erythrocyte as regulator of vascular tone
/M. Ellswort, T. Forrester, C. Ellis, H. Dietrich // Amer.
J. Physiol. 1995. Vol. 269, N 6, Pt 2. P. 312324.
74. Tournamille C. Molecular basis and structureactivity relationships of the Duffy blood group
antigens: chemokine and Plasmodium vivax receptors
/ C. Tournamille // Transfus. Clin. Biol. 2000.
Vol. 74, N 5. P. 497509.
75. Van-Gelder J. Erythrocyte aggregation and
erythrocyte deformability modify the permeability of
erythrocyte enriched fibrin network / J. Van-Gelder,
C. Nair, D. Dhall // Throm. Res. 1996. Vol. 82,
N 1. P. 3342.


..., 664035, . , . , 327 28. . 40-77-46.
..., ... , 664079 ,
, 100. . (3952) 40-78-09.
..., ... , 664079 ,
, 100. . (3952) 40-78-09.
..., ... , 664079 ,
, 100. . (3952) 40-78-09.
..., . , 664079,
, , 100. . (3952) 40-78-09.
..., ., ... ,
664079, , , 100. . (3952) 40-78-09.

354

Вам также может понравиться