BTS312

GSM BTS312
Hardware Structure
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the functions and features of BTS
Master the BTS hardware structure
Master the signal processing of BTS
Page2
References
BTS312 User Manual
BTS3.0 User Manual
Page3
Contents
Overview
System Components
Signal Processing
Antenna and Feeder System
Page4
Location
Um Interface
MS
PSTN
ISDN
PSPDN
TUP,ISUP
BTS
BSC
A Interface
MS
MSC/VLR
M
MAP
AP
BTS
HLR/AUC/EIR
BTS
MS
BTS
SMC/VM
OMC
MS: Mobile Station
BTS: Base Transceiver Station
BSC: Base Station Controller
HLR: Home Location Register
AUC: Authentication Center
EIR: Equipment Identity Register
MSC: Mobile Switching Center
VLR: Visitor Location Register
SMC: Short Message Center
VM: Voice Mailbox
OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center
Page5
Features and Functions
High integration and low power consumption
15 radio carriers at the Abis sharing an E1 for transmission

(15:1)
Support various transmission modes and complex
topologies,
e.g. SDH, E1, microwave, satellite etc.

1-minute fast startup
Page6
Features and Functions
Support GSM900,DCS1800,EGSM and RGSM
Support GSM PHASE 1PHASE 2 and PHASE 2+
Support GPRS and EDGE
Support baseband hopping and RF hopping
Support FR, HR, EFR and AMR
Support A5/1 and A5/2 encryption/decryption
Page7
Hardware Structure
DATA_BUS/CONTROL_BUS/TIMING_BUS
External
alarm
External
control
E1
TRX
TMU
CDU
antenna
CDU
antenna
CDU
antenna
TRX
Opt. fiber
xDSL
TEU
TES
TRX
FH_BUS
PSU
PMU
Common Unit
Signal Processing Unit
Page8
Antenna Feeder Unit
Cabinet and Boards
TDU
SWITCH BOX
CDU: Combiner & Divider Unit
FAN BOX
TRX: Transceiver
PMU: Power Monitoring Unit
AIR BOX
TMU: Timing/Transmission &

Management Unit
FAN BOX
PSU: Power Supply Unit
TDU: Time Distribution Unit

TES: Transmission Extension Power
Supply Unit
TT T T T
MM E E E
U U
UU S U U
AIR BOX
TEU: Transmission Extension Unit

Page9
Contents
Overview
System Components
Signal Processing
Page10
Contents
2
System Componnents
2.1 Common Unit
2.2 Signal Processing Unit
Page11
TMU
Functions of TMU
Provide E1 connection interface
Provide channel multiplexing and flexible networking modes
Provide Man-machine interface (MMI) and operation &

maintenance link
Provide centralized BTS clock
Provide alarm signal input ports
Page12
Structure of TMU
External synchronous clock
BSC
CBUS
MMI (manmachine
Interface)
Environment
monitors
DBUS
BIU
OMU
EAC
Standby
TMU
Standby MCK
MCK
TDU
Extended BIU
TBUS
Page13
Indictors on TMU
PWR
Indicator
Name
Color
PWR
Green
RUN
Meaning
Explanation
Normal State
RUN
LI1
LI2
Green
Power
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal
Running State
Flash(0.5Hz): Normal
On or Off: Abnormal
E1
Transmission
On: Local Alarm

Flash: Remote Alarm
Off: Normal
On
LI3
LI4
M/S
PLL
Flash
RST
DBG
LI1,2,3,4
Green
Off
T2M
FCK
M/S
PLL
Green
Green
Master/Slave
indication
Slow flash(1HZ): Master

Quick flash(2Hz): Slave
Phase
identification
indicator
On: Free oscillation

Quick flash(4Hz):
Catching
Slow flash(1Hz): Locked
Off: Abnormal
Master Board:
Slow flash
Slave Board:
Quick flash
T13M
MMI
Slow flash
TMU
Page14
TDU
Functions of TDU
Provide clock channels in one synchronous cell
Provide alarming channels
Provide bus-control interfaces
Page15
Position of TDU
Page16
Cabinet-top Connectors
(1) Data bus

interface (DCF1)
(2) External alarm

interface (EAC1 and EAC2)
(7) Data bus interface

(DCF2)
(8) 75 E1 interface (TX and

RX)
(3) 120 E1
interface (TME1)
(4) Built-in optical

transmission E1 interface
(TRA1, TRA2, TRB1, and
TRB2)
(9) External
synchronous clock
interface (SYNC)
(10) Grounding cable

interface for combined cabinet
(SHELLGND)
(11) External power

cable interface
(12) Feeder input interface

(ANT)
(5) Storage battery

management signal
cable interface
(PWRC)
(6) Clock interface (CKB1

and CKB2)
(13) Cascading interface of CDU combined cabinet

(CDU)
Page17
Power Supply
220VAC
When the supply input is 220VAC,the AC/DC

module is used.
-48VDC
When the supply input is -48VDC,the DC/DC

module is used.
+24VDC
When the supply input is +24VDC,neither

DC/DC nor AC/DC module is used.
Page18
Power Supply System

EMI
filter
220VAC IN
+
-
EMI
filter
-48VDC IN
Load
Anti-lightning
Power
distribution
+
-
Monitoring
unit PMU
+24VDC IN
AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module
AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module
EMI
filter
AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module
26VDC OUT
DC contacter
Battery group
AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module
Fuse
Page19
PSU Configuration
mode
Capacity
(TRX)
Boards
(PSU)
Boards
(PMU)
24VDC
1 ~ 12
-48VDC
1~3
4~6
7~9
10 ~ 12
1~3
4~6
7~9
10 ~ 12
220VAC
Page20
notes
One PSU
for backup
PMU
PMU structure
AC power supply
AC/DC
AC/DC
AC/DC
AC/DC
Load
Fan
Power monitoring
unit PMU
Fuse
Battery
Page21
FMU
Functions of FMU
Fan feeding
Fan revolution speed control
Alarm detection
+24V power supply input interface
Page22
Contents
2 System Componnents
2.1 Common Unit
2.2 Signal Processing Unit
Page23
TRX
Functions of TRX
Baseband speech processing
Um and Abis interface signaling processing
Modulation and demodulation
RF signal amplification
Page24
TRX Module Structure

DBUS
FH_BUS
CBUS
PAU
TDP
SCP
Transmitter
CUI
DSP
RCU
TBUS
Receiver
Diversity
receiver
Clock processing part

RPU
TBPU
TBPU:TRX Baseband signal Processing Unit
SCP: Signaling Processing Unit
DSP: Digital Signal Processing Unit
TDP: Transmitter Driver and PLL Unit

DBUS: Data Bus
RPU:RF signal Processing Unit
CBUS: Control Bus
PAU: Power Amplifier Unit

TBUS: Timing Bus
CUI: Carrier Unit Interface
RCU: Receiving Unit
FH_BUS: Frequency Hopping Bus
Page25
Output Power of TRX
Normal: 40W(46dBm) or 60W(48dBm)
PBU: 80W(49dBm)
EDGE TRX: GMSK: 40W, 8PSK: 60W
Page26
Alarms of TRX
Over standing wave alarm
When the standing wave ratio at the power amplifier output

port exceeds 1.5, it reports standing wave alarm to the
baseband unit
Over-temperature alarm
When the temperature of the power amplifier exceeds 85, the

power amplifier unit reports the over-temperature alarm via the
baseband unit, and automatically turns off the power amplifier
Page27
Indicators on TRX
TX OUT
Indicator
Name
Color
Meaning
Explanation
Normal
State
PWR
PWR
RCP
RDP
FAIL
Green
Green
Green
Red
Power
SCP
Running
State
DSP
Running
State
Alarm
Indicator
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal
Flash(0.5Hz):
Normal
On or Off:
Abnormal
Flash(0.5Hz):
Normal
On or Off:
Abnormal
On: Alarm
Off: No alarm
RCP
On
RDP
FAIL
RST
Flash
MMI
Flash
RXA IN
RXB IN
Off
TRX
Page28
CDU
Functions of CDU
Combine and filter transmitted signals
Filter ,amplify and distribute received signals
Provide power for the tower-top amplifier
Alarm detection
Page29
CDU Structure
TX1
TX2
TX-COMB
TX-DUP
RX1
RX2
RX3
RX4
Combiner
Divider
LNA
HL-out
RX5
RX6
RX7
RX8
HL-in
RXD-out
TX/RX-ANT
Duplexer
Divider
LNA
Filter
Page30
RXD-ANT
Indicators on CDU
Indicator
Name
Color
POWER
Green
Power
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal
On
Yellow
Standing
wave ratio
alarm
On: VSWR is greater

than 1.5 and
less than 2.5
Off: Normal
Off
Red
Standing
wave ratio
alarm
On: VSWR is greater

than 2.5
Off: Normal
Off
Red
TTA current
indication
On: TTA current out

of range
Off: Normal
Off
Red
LNA
current
indication
On: LNA current out

of range
Off: Normal
Off
VSWR1
VSWR2
TTA
LNA
Meaning
Explanation
Normal
State
Page31
Rear Panel of CDU

Correspondence between knob setting and current
strength of TTA
Setting
MAIN
DIVERSE
Unit
off
off
100
65
mA
107
100
mA
205
205
mA
Note: MAIN is recommended to be set at 1(100mA),and

DIVERSE to be set at 2(100mA).Other modes of setting
are not recommended
MAIN: TTA power feeding selection knob of main receiving channel
DIVERSE: TTA power feeding selection knob of diversity receiving channel
FUSE :1.5A
Page32
Alarm Detection
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) monitoring: CDU Monitors

the status of antenna system. When the detected standing wave
ratio exceeds the preset threshold (1.5 or 2.5), CDU will generate
corresponding alarms
Low noise amplifier fault alarm: The signal is extracted from the
power supply current of the low noise amplifier. When the current
exceeds a certain level ,alarm signals are generated
Tower-top amplifier alarm: When there is a tower-top amplifier on

service, the CDU monitors the status of tower-top amplifier by its
working current. If the current exceeds a certain level , alarm

signals are generated
Page33
EDU
EDU indicators are the same as those of CDU
TX1
RX1
RX2
Divider
TX2
RX3
RX4
TX/RX-ANT1
Duplexer
LNA
TX/RX-ANT2
Duplexer
Divider
LNA
Page34
SCU
Four carriers are combined and output through 3dB bridges

and the
insertion loss is 6.8dB
TX1
3dB
Bridge
TX2
TX3
3dB
Bridge
3dB
Bridge
TX4
Tx_Comb
Page35
Contents
Overview
System Components
Signal Processing
Page36
Speech Processing
BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT-MS
DBUS
BSC
FH_BUS
BIU
S
C
P
OMU
D
S
P
C
U
I
TDP
PAU
RCU
CBUS
Clock process
RPU
EAC
MCK
TDU
TBPU
TBUS
Page37
C
D
U
OML Processing
BSC-(TDU)-TMU-CBUS-TRX (or PMU,CDU)

DBUS
BSC
FH_BUS
BIU
S
C
P
OMU
D
S
P
C
U
I
TDP
PAU
RCU
CBUS
Clock process
RPU
EAC
MCK
TDU
TBPU
TBUS
Page38
C
D
U
RSL Processing
BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX
DBUS
BSC
FH_BUS
BIU
S
C
P
OMU
D
S
P
C
U
I
TDP
PAU
RCU
CBUS
Clock process
RPU
EAC
MCK
TDU
TBPU
TBUS
Page39
C
D
U
Clock Processing
BSC (or External Clock) (TDU)-TMU-TDU-TBUS-TRX
External synchronous clock
BSC
DBUS
FH_BUS
BIU
S
C
P
OMU
D
S
P
C
U
I
TDP
PAU
RCU
CBUS
Clock process
RPU
EAC
MCK
TDU
TBPU
TBUS
Page40
TBUS Connection
Clock bus connection in a synchronous cell
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
C
D
U
C T T T T
D R R R R
U X X X X
P T T
PSU
PSU
M M M
P T
PSU
U U U
cabinet

Basic
Extension

cabinet
Basiccabinet
group
PSU
M M
U U
Extension

cabinet
Basiccabinet

Extension

cabinet
group
Page41
Cabinet Extension Cabling
Blue colored sockets installed with matching connectors are
for resistance termination
There are E1 cables between basic cabinet group and

extension cabinet group
DCF1
CKB1
CKB2
DCF2
DCF1
CKB1
CKB2
DCF2
CKB1
CKB2
DCF1
DCF2
DCF1
CKB1
CKB2
DCF2
E1
External E1 Interface
Extension Cabinet
Basic Cabinet
External E1 Interface
Basic Cabinet
Basic Cabinet Group
Extension Cabinet
Extension Cabinet Group
Page42
Contents
Overview
System Components
Signal Processing
Page43

Antenna
Antenna
stand
Jumper between
antenna and TTA
Jumper between
lightening arrester
and cabinet
TTA
Lightening
arrester
TDU
Feeder
Jumper between
TTA and feeder
SWITCH BOX
FAN BOX
T T T T
R R R R
X X X X
BTS312
cabinet
AIR BOX
T T T T
R R R R
X X X X
FAN BOX
T T T T
R R R R
X X X X
P P P P P PP
T T TT
S S S S S S M ME E E
U U U U U UU
U S UU
AIR BOX
Page44
S1/1/1
TX
TX/RX ANT
COMB
TX COMB
TX OUT
DUP
TX DUP
(TX/RXA)
RX
1:4
RXA
HL OUT
HL IN
RXD ANT
RXB
1:4
(RXB)
RXD OUT
Page45
S2/2/2
TX
TX OUT
TX/RX ANT
COMB
TX COMB
DUP
TX DUP
RXA
(TX/RXA)
RX
RXB
1:4
HL OUT
TX OUT
HL IN
RXD ANT
1:4
(RXB)
RXA
RXD OUT
RXB
Page46
S4/4/4 2CDU
Tx/RxM_ANT1
RxD
Tx/RxM_ANT2
RxD
CDU_1
Duplexer
Combiner
CDU_2
Duplexer
Distributor
Tx
Tx
Distributor
Combiner
Distributor
Distributor
TRx0
RxM
RxD
Tx
TRx2
RxM
RxD
TRx1
RxM
RxD
Tx
TRx2
RxM
RxD
Page47
S4/4/4 SCU+CDU
SCU
TX
TX OUT
COMB
RXA
RXB
TX COMB
TX OUT
RXA
RXB
TX
TX OUT
CDU
TX/RX ANT
COMB
TX COMB
RXA
DUP
TX DUP
RX
RXB
(TX/RXB)
1:4
HL OUT
TX OUT
RXD ANT
HL IN
(RXA)
1:4
RXA
RXB
RXD OUT
Page48
2CDU+SCU
Tx/RxM_ANT1
RxD
Tx/RxM_ANT2
RxD
CDU_1
Duplexer
Combiner
CDU_2
Duplexer
Distributor
Distributor
Combiner
Distributor
Distributor
Tx
TRx0
RxM
RxD
RxM
RxD
TRx3
Tx
Tx
TRx1
RxM
RxD
RxM
RxD
TRx4
Tx
Tx
TRx2
RxM
RxD
RxM
RxD
TRx5
Tx
Page49
SCU
Distributor
Distributor Distributor
Lightning Arrester
Feeder
Lightning Arrester is used to

prevent the equipment from
being
damaged
by
the
lightening current inducted

by the core line of the feeder
Jumper
Lightning Arrester
Page50
Types of Main Feeder
7/8 inch
5/4 inch
Cable loss=0.043dB/m
Cable loss=0.032dB/m
1/2 inch jumper
Cable loss=0.11dB/m
Used between the antenna and the main feeder
Between the antenna and the tower-top amplifier
Between the cabinet and the lightning arrester
Page51
TTA (Optional)
The tower-top amplifier is installed close to the receiving

antenna
It can be used to increase the receiving sensibility of the

base station
Consisting of:
Simplex TTA
Duplex TTA
Triplex TTA
Page52
TTA (Optional)
simplex TTA
duplex TTA
triplex TTA
triplex TTA
TX filter
BTS
antenna
bypass
Bias Tee
RX filter
RX filter
Low noise amplifier
DC
Page53
Antenna Pattern
The antenna pattern describes the radiating abilities of

antennas in all directions
360
Omni Antenna
120
90
Directional antenna
Page54
65
Polarization
Two main types of polarization
Vertical polarization
Horizontal polarization
The types of antenna divided by

polarization
Single polarized antenna
Vertical polarization for GSM
One port for one feeder
Dual polarized antenna
+45 degree and -45 degree
Two ports for two feeders
Page55
Summary
Functions and features of BTS
BTS hardware structure
Signal processing of BTS
Antenna and feeder system
Page56
Thank you
www.huawei.com

BTS312

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GSM BTS312

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Know the functions and features of BTS

Master the BTS hardware structure

Master the signal processing of BTS

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

BTS312 User Manual

BTS3.0 User Manual

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MS: Mobile Station

BTS: Base Transceiver Station

BSC: Base Station Controller

HLR: Home Location Register

AUC: Authentication Center

EIR: Equipment Identity Register

MSC: Mobile Switching Center

VLR: Visitor Location Register

SMC: Short Message Center

VM: Voice Mailbox

OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Features and Functions

High integration and low power consumption

15 radio carriers at the Abis sharing an E1 for transmission

Support various transmission modes and complex

e.g. SDH, E1, microwave, satellite etc.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Features and Functions

Support GSM900,DCS1800,EGSM and RGSM

Support GSM PHASE 1PHASE 2 and PHASE 2+

Support GPRS and EDGE

Support baseband hopping and RF hopping

Support FR, HR, EFR and AMR

Support A5/1 and A5/2 encryption/decryption

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Signal Processing Unit

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Antenna Feeder Unit

Cabinet and Boards

CDU: Combiner & Divider Unit

PMU: Power Monitoring Unit

TMU: Timing/Transmission &

PSU: Power Supply Unit

TDU: Time Distribution Unit

TEU: Transmission Extension Unit

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Provide E1 connection interface

Provide channel multiplexing and flexible networking modes

Provide Man-machine interface (MMI) and operation &

Provide centralized BTS clock

Provide alarm signal input ports

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

On: Local Alarm

Slow flash(1HZ): Master

On: Free oscillation

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Provide clock channels in one synchronous cell

Provide alarming channels

Provide bus-control interfaces

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.