1.

Sample

The column graph provided compares the percentages of

consumer goods in households in the UK in 1972 and 1983.
The most striking feature to note from the graph is that
TVs, Washing machines and Vacuum cleaners were the consumer
goods with highest percentages of ownership in UK households in
both years. TV was most popular with ownership figure rising from
93% to 98%. There were considerable increases in the
percentages of Washing machines and Vacuum cleaners, with an
increase of 15% each. Data for these two appliances in 1983 were
90% and 80% respectively.
Also of note is that there were remarkable growths in the
figures for Central Heating and Telephones. As can be seen, the
ownership of these two items were rather low in 1972, under
40% , which rose remarkably to 75% and 65% respectively in
1983.
Its worth noticing that the ownership percentage of Videos
and Dishwashers were remarkably low in 1972. While around 18%
of households had the Videos in 1983, the corresponding figure
for Dishwashers was only 5%.
From the information given in the chart, it can be
concluded that there was an overall increasing trend in the
ownership of most of these consumer goods in British families, (of
which TV, Telephones, Vacuum cleaners and Washing machines
were the most popular appliances in the homes.)

The column graph provided shows the percentage of consumer

goods in homes in the UK in 1972 and 1983. (It can be divided into
three groups)
(Firstly, a number of appliances were in a high percentage of
home for the entire period. These included TVs, VC and WM.) TV
ownership was the highest, growing from 93% to 98% (over the
eleven year period,) while WM ownership, (the lowest in the
group,) increased from 66% to 80%.
The second groups included CH and Tele and these showed the
most dramatic rise with increase of 27% for CH and 35% for Tele.
At the beginning of the period these appliances had been
present in 37% and 42% of homes respectively.
The final group show appliances that were only introduced onto
the market during the period shown. The video was quickly
accepted into household, achieving 18% ownership by 1983. The
DW had less impact, with its ownership slowly rising from 3% to
5% between 1978 and 1983.
In all it shows that UK households enjoyed an ever-increasing
ownership of consumer durables from 1972 to 1983.
XUAN DUC-181

2. Logging of old-growth forests is often a controversial issue. It

is generally believed that forests logging is an industry which
can bring huge economic benefits for a nation while/whereas
the excessive exploitation of forest resources is blamed by others
for causing serious harm to the environment.
On the one hand, those who support the logging of forests hold
that logging operations help for many companies create more

opportunities for people to work in the logging area >>> income :

higher/ stable. In addition, its believed that Logging of
growth forests >>> wood products : high economic value
>>> huge source of benefit, esp. for export
On the other hand, attackers of forest logging claim that
excessive logging will lead to the problem of forests can
completely disappear one day. To meet the increasing demand for
wood, vast areas of woodland have been cut down. If this kind of
destructive activity continues to take place, it is claimed by these
people that there will be no more rainforests in the world in a very
near future. These people also argue that cutting down of forests
is the major factor causing such serious environmental problems
as soil erosion and flooding. In the long term, fertile soil will
become eroded and thus unfit for agricultural activities and severe
natural disasters such as flash flood can threaten the lives of
many human beings.
In conclusion, while logging of old growth forests brings many
economic benefits for both the people and the country, this
activity can be a threat to the environment. Taking both sides
of the issue into consideration / After weighing the
benefits of this important industry against the problems it
can cause to the environment,
I believe that / I support the / lend my support to
the logging of forests because it helps to provide a huge
source of benefit.
I am against the idea of logging forests because this
activitiy causes many irreparable environmental
damagres.
XUANDUC 261

Presenting opinion FOR

On the one hand, - those who support the logging of forests
(X) hold
that
/maintain/

- supporters of .. hold/believe/
that
argue/ claim that
- those who are in favour of X

..

- those who are against / who attack X ..

- attackers of X claim that
- It is held/believed/maintained/ claimed/
argued by . that

3. Old growth forests provide a buffer to filter water and to hold

soil in place. They sustain water and soil resources through
recycling nutrients. It is hot debate whether people logging of
forests for economic purposes, but it could negatively affect the
natural environment.
On the one hand, some people believe that it is more beneficial
economic for them to forests. First, they are logging in the forest
to build houses. Wooden houses are very solid and have existed
for a long time. The owners said that they live in a very
comfortable and cool, so products made from wood for housing is

often priced very high. Second, logging companies often export of

timbers products and crafts to other countries. In addition, the
wood is often used to make the interior decoration items and
souvenirs because they have artistic value and tourists usually
prefer.
On the other hand, many argue that logging could be factors
negative environmental affect. Looking at the importance of
forests and trees, you can deduce the massive effects of
deforestation and tree-cutting activities. When headwater forests
are cut down, the intensity of floods go fast and make very fast
rising water. In addition, the land will be eroded by no trees to
keep them back; the animals would take shelter and will be
reduced. Besides, this will alter the climate of that region such as
cool climates may get a lot hotter and hot places may get a lot
cooler.
Throught this essay, we can notice that logging can be a major
cause of environmental change. In my opinion, logging companies
need to have the appropriate solutions in order to balance
between logging and protecting the environment as a new plant
more trees after felling the trees.
AN - 291