Writing Task 1

The Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 requires you to use several vocabularies to present the data given in a pie/
bar/ line/ mixed graphs or to describe a process or a flow chart. Being able to use appropriate vocabulary,
presenting main trends, comparing & contrasting data and presenting the logical flow of the graph ensures a
high band score in your Academic IELTS writing task 1. This vocabulary section aims to help you to learn all the
vocabulary, phrases and words you need to know and use in your Academic writing task 1 to achieve a high
band score. The examiner will use four criteria to score your response: task achievement, coherence and
cohesion, lexical resource, grammatical range and accuracy. Since lexical resources will determine 25% of
your score in Task 1, you have to enrich your vocabulary to hit a high score. To demonstrate that you have a
great lexical resources you need to:

Use correct synonyms in your writing.

Use a range of vocabulary.

Do not repeat words and phrases from the exam questoin unless there is no alternative.

Use less common vocabulary.

Do not use the same word more than once/twice.

Use precise and accurate words in a sentence.

It is advisable that you should learn synonyms and use them accurately in your writing in order to give an
impression that you have a good range of vocabulary.

The general format for writing academic writing task 1 is as following:

Introduction + Basic/ General Trends + Details Description +

Conclusion.
Each part has a specific format and therefore being equipped with the necessary vocabulary will help you to
write the task 1 efficiently and will save a great deal of time.

Vocabulary for the Introduction Part:

Starting

Presentation Type

Verb

Description

The given / the

diagram / table / figure /

shows / represents /

the comparison of .

supplied / the

illustration / graph / chart

depicts / illustrates /

the differences .

presented / the

/ flow chart / picture/

presents/ gives /

the number of .

shown / the provided

presentation/ pie chart /

provides / describes /

information on .

bar graph/ line graph /

compares/ shows

data on .

table data/ data /

contrast / indicates /

the proportion of.

information / pictorial/

figures / gives data on /

the amount of .

process diagram/ map/

gives information on/

information on....

pie chart and table/ bar

presents information

graph and pie chart ...

about/ shows data

data about...

about/ demonstrate/
outlines/ summarise...

Example :
1.

The provided diagram shows data on employment categories in energy producing sectors in Europe
starting from 1925 and till 1985.

2.

The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and female employee in 6 broad categories,
divided into manual and non-manual occupations in Freedonia.

3.

The chart gives information on expenditures of 4 European countries on six consumer products
namely Germany, Italy, Britain and France.

4.

The supplied bar graph compares the number of male and female graduated in three developing
countries while the table data presents the overall literacy rate in these countries.

5.

The bar graph and the table data depicts the water use in different sectors in five regions.
Tips:
1. For a single graph use 's' after the verb, like - gives data on, shows/ presents etc. However, if there are
multiple graphs, DO NOT use 's' after the verb.
2. If there are multiple graphs and each one presents different type of data, use can write which graph presents
what type of data and use 'while' to show a connection. For example -'The given bar graph shows the amount
spent on fast food items in 2009 in the UK while the pie chart presents a comparison of people's ages who
spent more on fast food.
3. Your introduction should be quite impressive as it makes the first impression to the examiner. It either makes
or breaks your overall score.

Vocabulary for the General trends Part:

In general, In common, As is presented, Generally speaking,

As is observed, As a general trend, As can be seen, Generally
speaking, Overall.
Example:
1.

In general the employment opportunity has increased till 1970 and has dropped down afterward.

2.

As is observed, the figures for imprisonment in the five mentioned countries show no overall pattern of
increase or decrease rather shows the considerable fluctuation from country to country.

3.

Generally speaking, USA had far more standard life than all the other 4 mentioned countries.

4.

As can be seen, the highest number of passengers used the London Underground station at 8:00 in
the morning and at 6:00 in the evening.

5.

Generally speaking, more men were engaged in managerial positions in 1987 than that of women in
New York.

Vocabulary to show the changes:

Trends

Increase

Decrease

Verb form

Noun Form

rise / increase / go up / uplift / rocket(ed) /

a rise / an increase / an upward

climb / upsurge / soar.

trend / a growth

fall / decrease / decline / plummet /

a fall / a decrease / a reduction / a

plunge / drop / reduce

downward trends /a downward

tendency / a decline/ a drop

unchanged / level out / remain constant /

Steadiness

remain steady / plateau / remain the

same / remain stable / remain static

a steadiness/ a plateau / a
stability/ a static

an upward trend / an upward

Gradual Increase

------------

tendency / a ceiling trend

a downward trend / a downward

Gradual decrease

Standability

------------

tendency / a descending trend

level(ed) off / remain(ed) constant /

remain(ed) unchanged / remain(ed)
stable / prevail(ed) consistency /
plateaued / reach(ed) a plateau / stay(ed)
uniform /immutable / level(ed) out/

--------------

stabilise/ remain(ed) the same.

Examples:
1.

The overall sale of the company has increased by 20% at the end of the year.

2.

The expenditure of the office remained constant for the last 6 months but the profit rose by almost
25%.

3.

There was a 15% drop in the student enrollment of the University.

4.

The population of the country remained almost the same as it was 2 years ago.

5.

The population of these two cities increase significantly in the last two decades and it is predicted that
it will remain stable in the next 5 years.

Tips: Use 'improve' /'an improvement' to describe a situation like economic condition or employment status.
To denote numbers use other verbs/nouns like increase.

Vocabulary to represent changes in graphs:

Type of
Change

Adverb form

Adjective form

Rapid change

dramatically / rapidly / sharply

dramatic / rapid / sharp / quick /

/ quickly / hurriedly / speedily /

hurried / speedy / swift

swiftly

Moderate

moderately / gradually /

moderate / gradual /

change

progressively / sequentially

progressive / sequential

Slight change

slightly / slowly / mildly /

slight / slow / mild / tedious

tediously

Example:
1.

The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by 20% in 2008.

2.

There was a sharp drop in the industrial production in the year 2009.

3.

The demand for new houses dramatically increased in 2002.

4.

The population of the country dramatically increased in the last decade.

5.

The price of the oil moderately increased in last quarter but as a consequence the price of daily
necessity rapidly went up.
Vocabulary to represent frequent changes in graphs:

Type of Change

Verb form

Noun form

Rapid ups and

wave / fluctuate / oscillate /

waves / fluctuations /

downs

vacillate / palpitate

oscillations / vacillations /
palpitations

Example:
1.

The price of the raw materials fluctuated for the first three months.

2.

The graph shows the oscillations of the price of fuel from 1998 to 2002.

3.

The passenger number in this station oscillates throughout the day but early morning and evening are
the two busiest time.

4.

The changes of car production in Japan shows a palpitation for the second quarter of the year.

5.

The number of students in debate clubs fluctuated in different months as a rapid ups and downs could
be observed in the last three months.
You do not need to write down every bit of information presented in the graph. Rather, you are expected to
write the most significant features of the graph and the highest and lowest point are two significant information
you should not miss in your writing. Following is a list of useful vocabulary to learn by heart and to use them in
your graph response.

Vocabulary to represent highest and lowest point in graphs:

Type

Verb
peak / culminated / climax / reach a

Highest

peak / hit a peak / touch the highest

Point

point / reach the vertex

Noun

a peak / hit a vertex / get a vertex / get the

highest point

touched the lowest point / get the lowest

the lowest point /the lowest mark / bottommost

point /

point / rock bottom point/ bottommost mark

Lowest Point

Example:
1.

The price of the oil reached a peak amounting $20 in February and again touched the lowest point
amounting only $10 in July.

2.

Student enrollment in foreign Universities and Colleges increased dramatically hitting a peak of over
20 thousand in 2004.

3.

The highest number of books was sold in July while it was lowest in December.

4.

The oil price reached a pick in 2003 while it was lowest in 2006.

5.

The sell volume of the DVD hit a pick with 2 million copies sold in a month but after just three months it
reached the bottom with only 20 thousand sold in a month.

Vocabulary to represent comparison in graphs:

Type

Similar

Word(s) should be used

about / almost / nearly / roughly / approximately / around / just about / very nearly /

Just over

Just short

Much more

Much less

just above / just over / just bigger / just beyond / just across

just below / just beneath / just sort / just under / just a little

well above / well above / well beyond / well across / well over

well below / well under / well short / well beneath

Example:
1.

The number of high-level women executives is well beneath than the number of male executives in this
organization where approximately 2000 people works in executive levels.

2.

About 1000 people died in the highway car accident in 2003 which is well above than the statistics of
all other years.

3.

The number of domestic-violence cases was just below 500 in March which is just a little over than the
previous months.

4.

The average rainfall in London in 2014 was just above than the average of other two cities.

5.

The salaries of male executives in thee out of four companies were well above than the salaries of
female executives in 1998.

Compare and contrast

One syllable
Adjectives with one syllable form their comparatives and superlatives form. In your academic writing task 1, you
will often use such comparison and contrast related words.
cheap cheaper cheapest || large larger largest || bright brighter brightest etc.
Exceptions:
good better best || bad worse worst etc.
Examples:
1. The fast food items in uptown restaurants were comparatively cheaper than that of city restaurants.
2. The largest proportion of water was used in agriculture sector in most of the Asian countries while the
European countries used largest percentage of water for industrial purposes.
3. The price of the book in store A is cheaper than the price of store B.
4. The temperature decreased further and that made the weather condition worse.
5. The temperature was better in the mid-April but in mid-July it became worse.
Two syllables
Some adjectives with two syllables form their comparatives and superlatives:
pretty prettier prettiest || happy happier happiest etc.
Examples:
1. The customer were happier than now, according to the survey, as the price was cheaper in 1992.
2. The overall production level of this company made the authority happier as it was doubled in the last quarter
of the year.
But many form their comparatives and superlatives using 'more':
striking more striking most striking || common more common most common || clever more
clever/cleverer most clever/cleverest etc.
Three or more syllables
All adjectives with three or more syllables form their comparatives and superlatives using 'more' & 'most':
attractive more attractive most attractive || profitable more profitable most profitable ||
expensive more expensive most expensive.
Examples:
1. The price of the custom made cars were more expensive in 2014 than it is now.
2. The factory offered more attractive overtime rates and that motivated more employees to work for extra
time.
Using Appropriate Prepositions:
You must use the correct preposition in the IELTS writing task 1 to get a high score. Be accurate about the uses
of to, by, of, off, in, on, for etc.
Examples:
Papers are sold by the ream.

Rice is measured in kg.

Oranges are purchased and sold by the dozen.

He is junior to me by 4 years.

Students enrollment in the University has

The employees are paid per week in this factory.

increased by 2% this year.

All these products are made of glasses.

Eggs are counted in dozens.

Rules of Time Preposition use:

'In'
Use preposition 'in' when you talk about years, months, decades, centuries, seasons.
Example:

Example:

Years= in 1998, in 2015 etc.

Past time= in 1980, in the past, in 1235, in the ice

Months= in January, in December etc.

age, in the seventies, in the last century etc.

Decades= in the nineties, in the seventies etc.

Future time = in 2030, in the future, in the next

Centuries= in the 19th century, in the 14th century,

century etc.

in the 1980s etc.

Use preposition 'in' when you talk about a long

Seasons= in summer, in winter, in autumn etc.

period.

Use preposition 'in' to talk about past or future.

Example:
in the ice age, in the industrial age, in iron age etc.

'On'
Use preposition 'on' when you talk about days (days of the weeks or special days).
Example:
Days of the week= on Sunday, on Friday, on Tuesday.
Special days= on New Year's Day, on your birthday, on Independence day, on holiday, on wedding day etc.
Use preposition 'on' when you talk about dates.
Example:
on July 4th, on 21st January, 2015, on 5th May etc.
Use preposition 'on' when you talk about times ( like morning / afternoon / evening / night) of a day.
Example:
on Friday morning, on Saturday afternoon, on Sunday evening, on Monday evening etc.
However, notice the below list that shows further use of preposition 'in' and 'on' for periods of the days versus
periods. This is often confusing and mistakenly used by IELTS candidates. Look at those, notice the use and
memorise it.

in

on

in the morning

on Sunday morning

in the afternoon

on Monday afternoon

in the evening

on Tuesday evening

'At'

 Use preposition 'at' when you need to express

Example:

an exact time.

At breakfast time, at lunchtime, at dinnertime etc.

Example:

Use preposition 'at' when you talk about

At eight o'clock, at 10: 45 am, at two p.m, at nine

weekend, holiday periods, or night time.

o'clock.

Example:

Use preposition 'at' when you talk about meal

At the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter, at night

times

etc.

Words to make a comparison / contrast:

A bit / slightly / a little / only just / approximately / about / almost / precisely / quite / nearly / considerably / a
huge / a great deal / quite a lot / completely / exactly...

Example:
This year population growth of the country is slightly larger than the previous year.
This year population grown is almost twice than 2007.
Sale of the company has increased quite a lot this year.

Vocabulary to write the Conclusion part:

To draw the conclusion: In conclusion / To conclude / On the whole.
To Summarize: In short / In brief / To sum up / In summary.

Examples:
1. In conclusion, third world countries have improved their production sectors like: garments, over the last 10
years whereas the first world countries have improved their technology and research sectors during the same
period.
2. In brief, the overall sale of the company has improved in the last 5 years except 2005 when the sale reduced
significantly due to retrenchment.
3. In summary, the process of building an IC is a complex one and involves more than eight steps to complete
including the testing phase.
4. On the whole, the women employment progressed remarkably in the last decade and in some employment
sectors women are well ahead of men.
5. To conclude, weather forecasting is a complex process and a great deal of technology is used to prepare
and broadcast the reliable weather forecasting.

Tip: 'In a nutshell' is not a formal expression and this is why, you should not use it in your IELTS Writing.

Few more informal expressions with their formal versions are given below. Since IELTS is a formal test, your
writing should be formal as well. Using informal words or expressions should be avoided. Some of the informal
words are so frequently used that it would be tough for you to eliminate them from your writing. However, we
would suggest you to make a habit of using formal words and expressions instead- for your performance and
band score's sake.

Informal

Formal

Go up

Increase

Go down

Decrease

Look at

Examine

Find about

Discover

Point out

Indicate

Need to

Required

Get

Obtain

Think about

Consider

Seem

Appear

Show

demonstrate/ illustrate

Start

Commence

Keep

Retain

Informal

Formal

But

However

So

Therefore/ Thus

Also

In addition/ Additionally

In the meantime

In the interim

In the end

Finally

Anyway

Notwithstanding

Lots of/ a lot of

Much, many

Kids

Children

Cheap

Inexpensive

Right

Correct

I think

In my opinion

We know

The knowledge is that

Following are the vocabularies for Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 grouped as Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb,
and Phrase to help you improve your vocabulary and understanding of the usages of these while describing a
graph.

Increase:
A growth: There was a growth in the earning of the people of the city at the end of the year.
An increase: Between the noon and evening, there was an increase of the temperature of the coast area and
this was probably because of the availability of the sunlight at that time.
A rise: A rise of the listener in the morning can be observed from the bar graph.
An improvement: The data presents that there was an improvement of the traffic condition between 11:00 am

till 3:00 pm.

A progress: There was a progress in the law and order of the city during the end of the last year.

Rapid Increase:
A surge: From the presented information, it is clear that there was surge on the number of voter in 1990
compared to the data given for the previous years.
A rapid increase/ a rapid growth/ a rapid improvement: There was a rapid growth in the stock value of the
company ABC during the December of the last year.
N.B: Following adjectives can be used before the above nouns to show a rapid growth/ increase of something:

Rapid, sudden, steady, noticeable, mentionable, tremendous, huge,

enormous, massive, vast, gigantic, monumental, incredible, great,
(The above list is the words which are actually adjective and can be used before nouns to show the big
changes)

Highest:
A/ The pick: The number of visitors reached to the pick in 2008 and it exceeded 2 million.
Top/ highest/ maximum: The oil prices reached to the top/ highest in 1981 during the war.
N.B: Some of the words to present the highest/ top of something are given bellow:

Apex, pyramid, zenith, acme, obelisk, climax, needle, spire, vertex, summit,
tower, most, greatest, max, tops, peak, height, crown...

Changes:
A fluctuation: There was a fluctuation of the passenger numbers who used the railway transportation during
the year 2003 to 2004.
A variation: A variation on the shopping habit of teenagers can be observed from the data.
A disparately/ dissimilarity/ an inconsistency: The medicine tested among the rabbits shows an
inconsistency of the effect it had.

Steadiness:
Stability: The data from the line graph show a stability of the price in the retail market from January till June for
the given year.
A plateau: As is presented in the line graph, there was a plateau of the oil price from 1985 to 1990.

Decrease:
A fall: There was a fall of the price of the energy bulbs in 2010 which was less than $5.
A decline: A decline occurred after June and the production reached to 200/day for the next three months.
A decrease: After the initial four years, the companys share price increased and there was a decrease of the
loss it was bearing.

Writing Task 2
IELTS academic writing task 2 ( IELTS Essay Writing) requires a candidate to use a large range of vocabulary.
Connective words and phrases are very important to finish the academic writing task 2 essay in a logical and
coherent way. You must use the transitional or connective words in your task 2 as it is counted as one of the
important factors to achieve a better score in academic IELTS writing 2. The essay writing for IELTS require
you show your logics, reasonings, examples, points and to make your standing stronger and to show evidences
or examples in a coherent and logical way you have to use these connective words. However do not over use
the linking phrases or connective phrases just to show that you know so many of them. Use those connective
phrases/ words or linking phrases/ words properly.

The general format for writing academic writing task 2/ IELTS

Essay is as follows:

Introduction + your opinion/ your thinking/ your point of view/

whether you agree or disagree/ main advantages or
disadvantages +

2nd paragraph with example, explanation, evidence and extra

details +

3rd paragraph with example, explanation, evidence and extra

details +
.................
Conclusion + restating the main point of your discussion/ your
position on the issue.
Vocabulary for the Introduction Part:
In the introduction part of your IETLS essay you should write sentences relevant to the topic given and
generally accepted ideas about it. Use your best English here as it will attract or bore your reader about the
whole writing. You will make or break your impression in this paragraph. Be very cautious about the introduction
part. Never just copy the sentence of the question. If you really need to, use synonyms and different sentence
structure.
Examples:
1) Mobile phone and Internet are two great innovation of science for communication and had been
facilitating people for a long time. These two technologies are widely used in almost all the countries of
the world and had become parts of our daily lives. We can't deny the usefulness of these technologies

as they had made our life easier than it was ever before. In my opinion the advantages of these two
devices far outweigh the demerits they have.
2) Every human being with an ambition of getting higher knowledge requires attending colleges or
universities. The main reason of attending universities or colleges may differ man to man. Someone
may aspire to achieve greater knowledge, someone may just want to earn a certificate or someone
might attribute it as a step towards career development.
3) Compared with people in the past, we concern far less on the preparation of food today, thanks to
the development of agriculture and scientific technology. A fair amount of beneficial influence is
occurring to us consequently.

Vocabulary for the opinion Part:

According to the essay types (Learn what are the IELTS essay types) use one of the following connective
words/ linking phrases to write down your opinion However remember that if the question does not ask you to
give your opinion but to compare advantages and disadvantages, then you should not strongly express your
opinion. Opinion should only be written for opinion essays.

In my opinion......
I strongly opine that........
I strongly agree with the
idea that.......
I strongly disagree with the
given topic....
I think.....
My opinion is that.....

In my view.....
I believe.....
Apparently.....
Personaly speaking.....
According to me.....
From my point of view.....
From my perspective.....
I realize.....

To my way of thinking.....
It seems to me that.....
To me.....
It appears that.....
I feel that.....
I understand.....
I suppose.....

Examples:
1) But in my opinion, giving the access of mobile phone & internet to each and every unemployed
person is a matter of great dispute. I believe, this idea can help the countries who have sufficient funds
for the whole fiscal year and already adopted technologies like internet for a very long period. But this
might turn out as a complete loss for an undeveloped country.
2) I believe, parents are always teaching us in many ways intentionally and unintentionally; however
vocal guidelines and acting in daily bases activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge
transfer regardless different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family.
3) I strongly agree with the idea that the gender issue is only a determinant in the battle of the sexes,
not the battles among nations and peoples. It is therefore impertinent, if not irrational, to conclude that
world conflicts result from the rule of a particular gender and the finer sex would do a better job at
prevailing peace if selectively put at the helm of human nations.

Vocabulary for the 2nd paragraph Part:

It is true that.....
First.....
First of all.....
Firstly.....
Initially.....
To begin with.....
To start with.....

In the first place.....

Though it is true
that.....
Some people
believe that.....
Many people think
that.....

According to
many.....
Some people
believe that.....
Many support the
view that.....
On the one hand.....

Examples:
1) It is true that, an unemployed persons having a mobile phone with internet connection can get more
access to the local and foreign job sectors and can use these technologies to get a job or become selfemployed.
2) First of all, the maximum numbers of cars are owned by the rich people and fuel price would not
restrain them from using the cars. The price of fuel in fact increased significantly over the past 12 years
and that has done nothing to reduce the car usages.
3) To begin, houses that are being constructed by those in the lower income groups do look at the most
cost effective option. In the process they invariably explore cheaper options that include a compromise
on material and construction quality.

Vocabulary for the 3rd, 4th ...... paragraph Part:

Second(ly).....
Third(ly).....
Then.....
Next.....
After that.....
And.....
Again.....
Also.....

Besides.....
Likewise.....
In addition.....
Consequently.....
Whats more.....
Furthermore.....
Moreover.....
Other people think

that.....
Other people
believe that.....
On the other
hand.....
Apart from that.....
Finally.....

Examples:
1) Besides, unemployed persons living in urban areas; can easily get the information related to the joboffering companies with these technologies................ Furthermore, the use of these technology give
them advantages than others.......
2) Besides, people would learn more about the outer space as the experiment and scientific research is
outer space is going on more steadily than ever.
3) Apart from that, computers would become more powerful and they will have superior artificial
intelligence. We will have robots to do the hazardous works like mining and outer space research.
Surprisingly, e-commerce would be in more convenient form and most of the people will purchase

online rather than going to shops in person.

Vocabulary to show comparison:

In the same way.....

Likewise.....
Similarly.....

Like the previous

point.....
Similar to.....

Also.....
At the same time.....
Just as.....

Examples:
1) Similarly, all the companies and offices are becoming automated and using computers, internet and
other technologies vastly than any other time in history.......
2) At the same time software could used for many purposes such as learning through computers,
accounting in computers, drawing, storage of information, sending information from one person to
other person etc.
3) Also reading books is like peeking into the minds of the greatest people - A book is like a
conversation with the writer and reading many books gives us an insight into the thinking process of
different writers.

Vocabulary to show contrast:

On the other
hand.....
On the contrary.....
However.....
But.....
Nevertheless.....

Oppositely.....
Alternatively.....
Unlike.....
While.....
Whilst.....
Even though.....

Alternatively.....
In contrast to this.....
Then again.....
On the other
hand.....

Examples:
1) On the contrary, poor countries suffer from the lack of sufficient budgets to ensure some very basic
needs of people like health, education, medicines etc. Then again, those countries don't have a chance
to spend a lot of money to initiate a superficial project........
2) Unlike a TV, a radio cannot display an image or a video, and the communication is limited to voice
only. Typically, a radio is used for access information such as news and live traffic updates.........
3) In contrast to this, the consumption of fuels to run the car is contributing to the rise if global
warming and affecting the ozone layer. So, using bicycle in cities would be a better alternative.........

Vocabulary to show an example:

As an example.....
For instance.....
For example.....

Like.....
As.....
Such as.....

Particularly.....
In particular.....
Namely.....

To show an
example.....

As an evidence.....

To illustrate.....
To paraphrase.....

Examples:
1) For instance, there is no guaranty that all unemployed person will use the technology positively........
2) As an example, many Government of the first world countries have initiated other projects like:.........
3) For example, if a public bus gets busted in the middle of a road, the passenger can easily leave it a
look for another one.

Vocabulary to show consequence, effects or result:

As a result.....
Consequently.....
As an effect.....
Thus.....

So.....
The reason why.....
Therefore.....
Hence.....

Eventually.....
For this reason.....
Thereby.....

Examples:
1) Therefore, we should avoid using our budget in an uncertain project........
2) As a result, people are struggling much to lead a healthy and secure life.........
3) Consequently, local residents will be able to find more job opportunities in this factory and have a
better socio-economic status.........

Vocabulary to sum up:

To sum up.....
In short.....

In a word.....

To put it simply.....
That is to say.....

Examples:
1) In a word, I think, the idea can be very useful for the developing countries but for us, it might be a
sinister.........
2) That is to say, we must ensure the safety of our children first.........
3) In short, overall infrastructure of the area will develope.
N.B. The above vocabulary are speacifically useful while finishing a paragraph. You can use these words/
phrases to re-state your topic of the paragraph.

Vocabulary to make a point strong:

Although.....
Thought.....
Nonetheless.....
Nevertheless.....

Still.....
Yet.....
Must.....
Aafter all.....

Even if.....
Therefore.....
Thus.....

Examples:
1) Although, Parents are important teachers in our lives and none can deny their invaluable role to
make us what we are, but they aren't always the best teachers.......
2) Thus air and water pollution caused by this factory will ruin the local environment and wildlife
fundamentally.........
3) Although industrialization is necessary for growth, but it must be regulated. The proper measures
must be in place to reduce the negative impacts of byproducts on environment.

Other transitional words / connective words:

Then.....
Else.....

Otherwise.....
Besides.....

As soon as.....
As much as.....

Examples:
1) They take care of the children as much as parents do..................
2) As soon as we realize the problem ..................
3) Otherwise, the unemployed graduates' number will keep on increasing..................

Vocabulary for the conclusion part:

In conclusion.....
In summary.....
To conclude.....
To conclude with.....

To sum up.....
In general.....
To summarize.....
In short.....

All in all....
Overall.....
On the whole.....
In a nut Shell.....

Examples:
1) In general, even though it is preferable to study English in an English-speaking country, a
reasonable level of English can be achieved in one's own country, if a student is gifted and dedicated
to study.
2) To sum up, if the population explosion continues, many more people will die of starvation in poor
countries, and life in the cities, even in affluent nations, will become increasingly difficult.
3) To conclude, I recommend that the only sensible way to solve this problem is to educate young
people about the dangers of drug use, and to take steps to reduce the pressure of competition placed
upon them.
4) In conclusion, nuclear technology certainly has positive uses but is nonetheless dangerous.
However, it would have been better if it had never been used to create nuclear weapons. If life on Earth
is to continue, all the nuclear nations of the world should agree to disarm as soon as possible.

N.B. The conclusion part of the IELTS Essay or IELTS Academic writing task 2 usually begins with a special
concluding phrase that links it to the rest of the essay. Notice that a conditional sentence can be very effective

in the conclusion. One reason for this is that it can refer to what might occur as a result of your suggestions or
recommendations. Of course, you can use conditional sentences elsewhere in your essay as well. If you do
use conditionals, be sure that the construction of your sentences is grammatically correct.
Also, in a short essay of approximately 250 words the conclusion can be just one or two sentences long. The
conclusion should briefly sum up what you have said in your essay, and does not usually contribute a new idea,
unless it is a minor point. However, it is a good place to make recommendations or suggestions, or to give
advice and offer solutions, if you are asked to do so.

Vocabulary for generalising a statement:

Whenever you need to show a generalisation or general idea, you can use these vocabularies to present your
point.

Generally.....
Generally speaking.....
In general.....
Overall.....

All in all.....
By and large.....
Basically.....
As a rule.....

Essentially.....
On the whole....
All things considered.....

Examples:
1) All things considered a certain reserved position for women in high-level job is actually a good idea
to empower the women towards the overall betterment of the organization and society.
2) In general it can be stated that in upcoming few years human will be blessed with adequate facilities,
which definitely will make their lives quite easier, due to advanced technology.
3) As a rule, in most of the countries a zoological garden is monitored strictly and the health, treatment
and foods are properly ensured for the animals they keep.

Vocabulary for expressing condition:

Some arguments and statements in your essay would require you to show that it is dependent on some
condition. Following is the list of vocabularies you can use to present condition in your writing.

If.....
Provided that.....
Because of that.....

For this reason.....

Unless.....
Providing that.....

So that.....
In case.....
Whether....

Examples:
1) If the proper measurements and initiatives are not taken, the pollution will keep on increasing and
that would someday threaten the existence of our life.
2) Unless we change our diet and get involved in some sort of outdoor activities and sports, the
average weight would kept on increasing.
3) For this reasons, we should preserve a certain percentage of high level job for qualified women.

Vocabulary for expressing Agreement:

In agreement/ disagreement essay you will often need to express whether you agree/ disagree or partially
agree with a given statement or opinion. Following vocabularies would be helpful to express your agreement
with something.

I quite agree that....

I strongly agree.....
I completely agree that.....
I totally agree with the given idea
that.....
I agree with the opinion that.....
I am quite inclined to the opinion
that.....

I could not agree more.....

I concur with the group who
believe that.....
I accept that.....
I accept the fact that.....
I approve the idea.....
I am in agreement.....
I consent that.....

Examples:
1) I quite agree that owning a car have far more advantages that disadvantages.
2) I am in agreement with the group of people who believe that the government should build more
sports facilitates to promote public health.
3) I agree with the opinion that more taxes should be imposed on fast food items.

Vocabulary for expressing Disagreement:

Following are some useful vocabulary to use whenever you want to express your disagreement with an idea,
opinion or statement. You will usually use those in agreement/ disagreement type IETLS essay.

I disagree with the opinion that....

I strongly disagree.....
I completely disagree with.....
I totally disagree with the given idea
that.....
I disagree with the statement.....

I quite oppose the opinion that.....

I disapprove that.....
I totally do not accept the fact that.....
My own opinion contradicts.....
I disagree with the group of people.....
However, my opinion is different.....

Examples:
1) I quite disagree that building more roads only can solve the ever increasing traffic problem in most
cities.
2) I oppose the opinion that government has no responsibilities for supporting the senior citizens.
3) My opinion contradicts with the group of people who believe that space research has no value for
us.

Vocabulary for expressing partial agreement:

In some cases you will have opinion or point of view that would not completely agree or disagree with a given
opinion or statement. In this case you should clearly mention that you partially agree with the opinion but to
some extent you also disagree to this. In these cases, using the following vocabulary will be very helpful.

To some extent..
In a way..
I agree to the given

statement to some
extent..
Up to a point I

agree..
More or less..
So to speak..

Examples:
1) In a way I agree that it is governments responsibility to keep the environment clean, but without
individual effort it cannot be achieved.
2) To some extent I agree with the opinion that space research is a waste of money but the invaluable
effects these researches can have could not be denied.
3) So to speak, mothers play the most important role to upbringing the children, however, the
contribution a father can have to the children can't be ignored.

Vocabulary for expressing certainty:

To make a point or argument stronger, you often need to show the certainty of your expression. To do so use
the following list of vocabularies:

Certainly..
Definitely..
No doubt..

Of course..
Doubtlessly..
Without any

doubt..
Undoubtedly..

Examples:
1) Of course, learning from books in a formal educational institutions and learning from books for
someone's own interest are highly important.
2) Definitely practical lessons help us to have more deeply understanding, while theory learned from
books will be forgotten far easier.
3) Undoubtedly ultimate exhaust of natural resources would create a chaos and many wild lives would
be endangered as well.

Vocabulary for Adding further information:

In your essay you need to present reasons and arguments to make your point of view stronger. For this you
often need to add multiple examples or cases and those examples or cases should be connected using some
linking words. Such linking words are given below so that you can use them in your IELTS essay.

In addition..
And..
Moreover..
Similarly..
Furthermore..

Also..
As well as..
Besides..
Even..
Too..

Whats more..
Again..
In a similar
fashion..
Likewise..

Examples:
1) What's more, university education should be based on talent and performance, not based on equal
gender opportunity.
2) Likewise, if the popular media provides good news such as educational, scientific and so on, this
can motivate the young generation to achieve more knowledge.
3) Even, second or third changes to those heinous criminals are often found fruitless and they
committed crime again.

Vocabulary for presenting time or sequence:

Expressing the time or sequence is important to show a natural flow in your arguments and paragraphs.
Important vocabularies that can be used to show time or sequence are given below.

First/ Firstly..
Second/
Secondly..
Third/ Thirdly..
Last/ Lastly..
Then..
At the same time..

Meanwhile..
Since..
As soon as..
After this / that..
Before..
After..
Afterwards ..

During..
While..
Simultaneously..
Following this..
When..

Examples:
1) At the same time the technological revolution affects all countries around the world in many ways
significantly.
2) Meanwhile we should try our best to put every effort to make our environment clean.
3) Afterwards, these steps could help mass people to be aware about the danger of their fast food
intake.