1.

The SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

SINGULAR SUBJECTS
He
She
It
Aminah
The lion
The book

Is / was
Has verb + s / had
Does / did
Are / were

PLURAL SUBJECTS
I
You
We
They
The students
Gina and Rita
Jing Ying and her boyfriend

1.

Have s / had
Do / did

The types of TENSES AND WHEN TO USE THEM

TYPES

SIMPLE

CONTINUOUS

PERFECT

PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

PRESENT

I eat
everyday.

I am eating now.

She has eaten

the cake 2
minutes ago.

She has been

running for 2 hours
now.

PAST

He ate the
cake
yesterday.

He was eating when

I called him.

He had eaten
this type of
cake before.

He had been running

to the store when I
saw him.

FUTURE

Aminah will
go to
Australia
tomorrow.

Amin will be
sleeping at his
mother's house
tomorrow.

1.

The prepositions and the meanings

Using AT
For small places : at the store, at the hospital, at the school, at Taman Molek, at Desa
Harmoni, at Pandan

For time : at 10 o'clock, at 5 in the morning, at night, at noon

Using IN

1.

For big places : in Johor Bahru, in Pasir Gudang, in Johor, in Pahang, in Singapore,
in Malaysia

To state that the person / object is 'INSIDE' the building /place : in the hospital, in
the school, in the area, in the box

For time : in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening (YOU CANNOT SAY ' at
the morning, at the afternoon, at the evening = TAK BOLEH BUAT AYAT INI)

The non-action verbs & types of non-action verbs & when to use them
NON-ACTION VERBS

WITH VERBS

Is (singular, present) was (singular, I, past)

Verbs to Be

Are (plural, present) were (plural, past)

See notes

Am (I, present)

Has
Verbs to Have

Have

See notes

Had

Do (Plural, Present)
Verbs to Do

Does (singular, present)

Did (past, singular and plural)

See notes

Can (boleh) could (mungkin boleh)

Basic verbs only

May (boleh tak) might (mungkin akan)

Will (akan) would (akan)
Must (mesti)
Modal Verbs

Shall (akan) should (sepatutnya)

Can eat
Will sleep
+ must take
Have to keep
Need to rest
Able to work
Ought to stand

Have to (mesti)
Need to (perlu)
Able to (boleh)
Ought to (sepatutnya)

CANNOT USE
Can ate can eaten
Will sleeping will slept
Must taken must took
May rented may rents

5. ADJECTIVES - BASIC, COMPARATIVE, SUPERLATIVE

Using Basic Adjectives
Slow
The bus is slow.
The slow bus is taking a long time to get there.
She loves a slow song.

Using Comparative adjective

Slower
The bus is slower than a snail.

Using Superlative Adjective

Slowest
The Kancil is the slowest car among all types of cars.

The little girl runs the slowest among her friends. the girl is the slowest runner
if compared to her other friends.

PRONOUNS personal pronouns and possessive pronouns

Personal pronouns as
subject
(pronoun + verb /
predicate)

I have a book.

Personal pronouns as
object
1.Preposition +
pronoun

Possessive Pronouns as
Possessive pronouns as
Object
subject
(pronoun + noun)

2.Action verb +
pronoun

1. The book belongs

to me.

(is /are/was/were +
pronoun)

My book is on the
table.

The book is mine.

Your cat is over there.

The cat is yours.

Our dog is running.

The dog was ours.

Their car is huge.

Those lions were

theirs.

His father is a soldier.

The cars were his.

2. My brother hit me.

You have a cat.

1. The girl ran towards

you.
2. The cat likes you.

1.The dog is with us.

We have a dog.

2. The dog licked us.

3.Rita bathed us
yesterday.

1.Your mother is
beside them.
They want to eat.

2.His mother is petting

them.
3.Rosa loved them.

1.My brother brought

him the book.
He sleeps after eating.
2.Dave walked after
him.

She walked by the

haunted house.

Jonas marks are

beneath hers.
Tan always makes him
cry.

My sister and her sister

Our pens are now hers.
are best friends.

Li Ling pushed it into

the lake.
It is a cute lion.

Its tail is long.

The milk is it's.

Indra pushed the bowl

at it.

Adverbs - when to use them = after a verb use to add detail to the verb in use.

1.

Sometimes, often, usually, every day, every year, every time, (every + month,
week, fortnight, Sunday, Mother's Day, birthday..), rarely, all the time, many
times, once a week, yesterday, tomorrow, two weeks from now, last year, most of
the time..etc

Carefully, slowly, beautifully, hurriedly, gently, quickly, ( ADJECTIVE + LY)

Articles a, an, the

Remember;
You CANNOT USE - 'the' or 'a' or 'an' IN FRONT OF A PROPER NOUN (KATA NAMA KHAS)

The Hospital Sultanah Aminah

The Clinic Rambutan

= WRONG

= WRONG

The Pn. Najihah

= WRONG

The En. Mohd Rafy

= WRONG

The Restaurant Adibah

= WRONG

The Kedai Runcit Syafiq

The SMK Sultan Ereen Shah
The University Joseph Ng

= WRONG
= WRONG
= WRONG

The Taman Sultan Kamaruzzaman = WRONG

The Jalan Hao Jie

= WRONG

YOU MUST USE THE ARTICLE 'THE' in front of

OBJECTS (objek / benda the pencil, the book, the car.)
OBJECTS / PLACES / PEOPLE YOU HAVE REFERRED TO BEFORE (benda / tempat / orang
anda telah rujuk sebelum itu)