SURVEYING

CHAPTER 1
LUNA HASANI

DEFINITION OF SURVEYING
Surveying is also known as Geomatics.
Surveying includes methods which help us measure and collect
information about surrounding earth.

One of its early applications is to mark the boundaries of a piece of

land. It also functions as a guide to construction operations.

DEFIITION OF SURVEYING

DEFINITION OF SURVEYING
Surveying is defined according to the International Federation of Surveyors as follows:
A surveyor is a professional person with the academic qualifications and technical expertise to
conduct one or more of the following activities:
to determine, measure and represent the land, three-dimensional objects,
point-fields, and trajectories;
to assemble and interpret land and geographically related information;

to use that information for the planning and efficient administration of the
land, the sea and any structures thereon, and;
to conduct research into the above practices and to develop them.

TYPES OF SURVEYS
Surveys are typically classified into two different groups:
1. Geodetic surveys:
This type of surveys consider the curved surface of the earth. It is employed
when we study widely spaced areas to calculate angles and distances. These
measurements could be found using the ground-based theodolite
instrument (angles), electronic instruments, or satellite positioning.

TYPES OF SURVEYS
2. Plane surveys:
This type of surveys assume the earth to have a flat horizontal surface. It is
used in areas of limited size. Distances and angles are found using leveling
equipment and a theodolite. Plane surveying is less accurate than geodetic
surveying, but it satisfies the requirements of most projects.

IMPORTANCE OF SURVEYING
Surveys are used to:
1. Map the earth above and below sea level.
2. Define the boundaries of different properties.
3. Collect data of natural resources that help manage the environment.
4. Create maps and navigational charts for land, air and sea.
5. Create charts for the moon and planets.
6. Determine information about the Earth, which include size, shape, gravity and
magnetic field.
In civil engineering, surveys are required when we want to plan and construct
different structures.

LAND AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

SYSTEMS
Land Information Systems (LISs) and Geographic Information
Systems (GISs) are predicted to play a major role in the future of
surveying.
They are computer-based systems which specialize in processing
spatially related information.

Applications include:
- Natural resource management
- Infrastructure management
- Demographic analysis
- Facilities management