PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS

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Care of Clients with Physiologic and Psychosocial Alterations (Part A)

SITUATIONAL

Situation 1 – Concerted work efforts among members of the surgical team is

essential to the success of the surgical procedure.

1. The sterile nurse or sterile personnel touch only sterile supplies and instruments.
When there is a need for sterile supply which is not in the sterile field, who hands
out these items by opening its outer cover?

A. Circulating Nurse
B. Anaesthesiologist
C. Surgeon
D. Nursing Aide

2. The OR team performs distinct roles for one surgical procedure to be

accomplished within a prescribed time frame and deliver a standard patient
outcome. While the surgeon performs the surgical procedure, who monitors the
status of the client like urine output, blood loss?

A. Scrub Nurse
B. Surgeon
C. Anaesthesiologist
D. Circulating Nurse

3. Surgery schedules are communicated to the OR usually a day prior to the

procedure by the nurse of the floor or ward where the patient is confined. For
orthopedic cases, what department is usually informed to be present in the OR?

A. Rehabilitation department
B. Laboratory department
C. Maintenance department
D. Radiology department

4. Minimally invasive surgery is very much into technology. Aside from the usual
surgical team, who else has to be present when a client undergoes laparoscopic
surgery?
A. Information technician
B. Biomedical technician
C. Electrician
D. Laboratory technician

5. In massive blood loss, prompt replacement of compatible blood is crucial. What

department needs to be alerted to coordinate closely with the patient’s family for
immediate blood component therapy?

A. Security Division
B. Chaiplaincy
C. Social Service Section
D. Pathology department

Situation 2 – You are assigned in the Orthopedic Ward where clients are
complaining of pain in varying degrees upon movement of body parts.

6. Troy is a one day post open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the left hip
and is in pain. Which of the following observation would prompt you to call the
doctor?

A. Dressing is intact but partially soiled

B. Left foot is cold to touch and pedal pulse is absent
C. Left leg in limited functional anatomic position
D. BP 114/78, pulse of 82 beats/minute

7. There is an order of Demerol 50 mg I.M. now and every 6 hours p r n. You

injected Demerol at 5 pm. The next dose of Demerol 50 mg I.M. is given:

A. When the client asks for the next dose

B. When the patient is in severe pain
C. At 11 pm
D. At 12 pm

8. You continuously evaluate the client’s adaptation to pain. Which of the following
behaviors indicate appropriate adaptation?

A. The client reports pain reduction and decreased activity

B. The client denies existence of pain
C. The client can distract himself during pain episodes
D. The client reports independence from watchers

9. Pain in ortho cases may not be mainly due to the surgery. There might be other
factors such as cultural or psychological that influence pain. How can you alter these
factors as the nurse?

A. Explain all the possible interventions that may cause the client to worry
B. Establish trusting relationship by giving his medication on time
C. Stay with the client during pain episodes
D. Promote client’s sense of control and participation in control by listening to his
concerns

10. In some hip surgeries, an epidural catheter for Fentanyl epidural analgesia is
given. What is your nursing priority care in such a case?

A. Instruct client to observe strict bed rest

B. Check for epidural catheter drainage
C. Administer analgesia through epidural catheter as prescribed
D. Assess respiratory rate carefully

Situation 3 – Records are vital tools in any institution and should be properly
maintained for specific use and time.

11. The patient’s medical record can work as a double edged sword. When can the
medical record become the doctor’s/nurse’s worst enemy?

A. When the record is voluminous

B. When a medical record is subpoenaed in court
C. When it is missing
D. When the medical record is inaccurate, incomplete, and inadequate

12. Disposal of medical records in government hospitals/institutions must be done

in close coordination with what agency?

A. Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)

B. Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
C. Records Management Archives Office (RMAO)
D. Department of Health (DOH)

13. In the hospital, when you need the medical record of a discharged patient for
research you will request permission through:

A. Doctor in charge
B. The hospital director
C. The nursing service
D. Medical records section

14. You readmitted a client who was in another department a month ago. Since you
will need the previous chart, from whom do you request the old chart?

A. Central supply section

B. Previous doctor’s clinic
C. Department where the patient was previously admitted
D. Medical records section

15. Records Management and Archives Office of the DOH is responsible for
implementing its policies on record disposal. You know that your institution is
covered by this policy if:

A. Your hospital is considered tertiary

B. Your hospital is in Metro Manila
C. It obtained permit to operate from DOH
D. Your hospital is PhilHealth accredited

Situation 4 – In the OR, there are safety protocols that should be followed. The OR
nurse should be well versed with all these to safeguard the safety and quality of
patient delivery outcome.

16. Which of the following should be given highest priority when receiving patient in
the OR?

A. Assess level of consciousness

B. Verify patient identification and informed consent
C. Assess vital signs
D. Check for jewelry, gown, manicure, and dentures

17. Surgeries like I and D (incision and drainage) and debridement are relatively
short procedures but considered ‘dirty cases’. When are these procedures best
scheduled?

A. Last case
B. In between cases
C. According to availability of anaesthesiologist
D. According to the surgeon’s preference

18. OR nurses should be aware that maintaining the client’s safety is the overall
goal of nursing care during the intraoperative phase. As the circulating nurse, you
make certain that throughout the procedure…

A. the surgeon greets his client before induction of anesthesia

B. the surgeon and anesthesiologist are in tandem
C. strap made of strong non-abrasive materials are fastened securely around the
joints of the knees and ankles and around the 2 hands around an arm board.
D. Client is monitored throughout the surgery by the assistant anesthesiologist

19. Another nursing check that should not be missed before the induction of general
anesthesia is:

A. check for presence underwear

B. check for presence dentures
C. check patient’s ID
D. check baseline vital signs

20. Some lifetime habits and hobbies affect postoperative respiratory function. If
your client smokes 3 packs of cigarettes a day for the past 10 years, you will
anticipate increased risk for:

A. perioperative anxiety and stress

B. delayed coagulation time
C. delayed wound healing
D. postoperative respiratory function

Situation 5 – Nurses hold a variety of roles when providing care to a perioperative

patient.

21. Which of the following role would be the responsibility of the scrub nurse?

A. Assess the readiness of the client prior to surgery

B. Ensure that the airway is adequate
C. Account for the number of sponges, needles, supplies, used during the surgical
procedure.
D. Evaluate the type of anesthesia appropriate for the surgical client

22. As a perioperative nurse, how can you best meet the safety need of the client
after administering preoperative narcotic?

A. Put side rails up and ask the client not to get out of bed
B. Send the client to OR with the family
C. Allow client to get up to go to the comfort room
D. Obtain consent form

23. It is the responsibility of the pre-op nurse to do skin prep for patients
undergoing surgery. If hair at the operative site is not shaved, what should be done
to make suturing easy and lessen chance of incision infection?

A. Draped
B. Pulled
C. Clipped
D. Shampooed

24. It is also the nurse’s function to determine when infection is developing in the
surgical incision. The perioperative nurse should observe for what signs of
impending infection?

A. Localized heat and redness

B. Serosanguinous exudates and skin blanching
C. Separation of the incision
D. Blood clots and scar tissue are visible

25. Which of the following nursing interventions is done when examining the
incision wound and changing the dressing?
A. Observe the dressing and type and odor of drainage if any
B. Get patient’s consent
C. Wash hands
D. Request the client to expose the incision wound

Situation 6 – Carlo, 16 years old, comes to the ER with acute asthmatic attack. RR
is 46/min and he appears to be in acute respiratory distress.

26. Which of the following nursing actions should be initiated first?

A. Promote emotional support

B. Administer oxygen at 6L/min
C. Suction the client every 30 min
D. Administer bronchodilator by nebulizer

27. Aminophylline was ordered for acute asthmatic attack. The mother asked the
nurse, what is its indication, the nurse will say:

A. Relax smooth muscles of the bronchial airway

B. Promote expectoration
C. Prevent thickening of secretions
D. Suppress cough

28. You will give health instructions to Carlo, a case of bronchial asthma. The health
instruction will include the following, EXCEPT:

A. Avoid emotional stress and extreme temperature

B. Avoid pollution like smoking
C. Avoid pollens, dust, seafood
D. Practice respiratory isolation

29. The asthmatic client asked you what breathing techniques he can best practice
when asthmatic attack starts. What will be the best position?

A. Sit in high-Fowler’s position with extended legs

B. Sit-up with shoulders back
C. Push on abdomen during exhalation
D. Lean forward 30-40 degrees with each exhalation

30. As a nurse, you are always alerted to monitor status asthmaticus who will likely
and initially manifest symptoms of:

A. metabolic alkalosis
B. respiratory acidosis
C. respiratory alkalosis
D. metabolic acidosis

Situation 7 – Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospital Organization (JCAHO)

patient safety goals and requirements include the care and efficient use of
technology in the OR and elsewhere in the healthcare facility.

31. As the head nurse in the OR, how can you improve the effectiveness of clinical
alarm systems?

A. Limit suppliers to a few so that quality is maintained

B. Implement a regular inventory of supplies and equipment
C. Adherence to manufacturer’s recommendation
D. Implement a regular maintenance and testing of alarm systems

32. Overdosage of medication or anesthetic can happen even with the aid of
technology like infusion pumps, sphygmomanometer and similar devices/machines.
As a staff, how can you improve the safety of using infusion pumps?

A. Check the functionality of the pump before use

B. Select your brand of infusion pump like you do with your cellphone
C. Allow the technician to set the infusion pump before use
D. Verify the flow rate against your computation

33. JCAHOs universal protocol for surgical and invasive procedures to prevent wrong
site, wrong person, and wrong procedure/surgery includes the following, EXCEPT:

A. Mark the operative site if possible

B. Conduct pre-procedure verification process
C. Take a video of the entire intra-operative procedure
D. Conduct ‘time out’ immediately before starting the procedure

34. You identified a potential risk of pre-and postoperative clients. To reduce the
risk of patient harm resulting from fall, you can implement the following, EXCEPT:

A. Assess potential risk of fall associated with the patient’s medication regimen
B. Take action to address any identified risks through Incident Report (IR)
C. Allow client to walk with relative to the OR
D. Assess and periodically reassess individual client’s risk for falling

35. As a nurse, you know you can improve on accuracy of patient’s identification by
2 patient identifiers, EXCEPT:

A. identify the client by his/her wrist tag and verify with family members
B. identify client by his/her wrist tag and call his/her by name
C. call the client by his/her case and bed number
D. call the patient by his/her name and bed number

Situation 8 – Team efforts is best demonstrated in the OR.

36. If you are the nurse in charge for scheduling surgical cases, what important
information do you need to ask the surgeon?
A. Who is your internist
B. Who is your assistant and anesthesiologist, and what is your preferred time and
type of surgery?
C. Who are your anesthesiologist, internist, and assistant
D. Who is your anesthesiologist

37. In the OR, the nursing tandem for every surgery is:

A. Instrument technician and circulating nurse

B. Nurse anesthetist, nurse assistant, and instrument technician
C. Scrub nurse and nurse anesthetist
D. Scrub and circulating nurses

38. While team effort is needed in the OR for efficient and quality patient care
delivery, we should limit the number of people in the room for infection control.
Who comprise this team?

A. Surgeon, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, radiologist, orderly

B. Surgeon, assistants, scrub nurse, circulating nurse, anesthesiologist
C. Surgeon, assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, pathologist
D. Surgeon, assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist, intern, scrub nurse

39. When surgery is on-going, who coordinates the activities outside, including the
family?

A. Orderly/clerk
B. Nurse Supervisor
C. Circulating Nurse
D. Anesthesiologist

40. The breakdown in teamwork is often times a failure in:

A. Electricity
B. Inadequate supply
C. Leg work
D. Communication

Situation 9 – Colostomy is a surgically created anus. It can be temporary or

permanent, depending on the disease condition.

41. Skin care around the stoma is critical. Which of the following is not indicated as
a skin care barriers?

A. Apply liberal amount of mineral oil to the area

B. Use karaya paste and rings around the stoma
C. Clean the area daily with soap and water before applying bag
D. Apply talcum powder twice a day
42. What health instruction will enhance regulation of a colostomy (defecation) of
clients?

A. Irrigate after lunch everyday

B. Eat fruits and vegetables in all three meals
C. Eat balanced meals at regular intervals
D. Restrict exercise to walking only

43. After ileostomy, which of the following condition is NOT expected?

A. Increased weight
B. Irritation of skin around the stoma
C. Liquid stool
D. Establishment of regular bowel movement

44. The following are appropriate nursing interventions during colostomy irrigation,
EXCEPT:

A. Increase the irrigating solution flow rate when abdominal cramps is felt
B. Insert 2-4 inches of an adequately lubricated catheter to the stoma
C. Position client in semi-Fowler
D. Hang the solution 18 inches above the stoma

45. What sensation is used as a gauge so that patients with ileostomy can
determine how often their pouch should be drained?

A. Sensation of taste
B. Sensation of pressure
C. Sensation of smell
D. Urge to defecate

Situation 10 – As a beginner in research, you are aware that sampling is an

essential elements of the research process.

46. What does a sample group represent?

A. Control group
B. Study subjects
C. General population
D. Universe

47. What is the most important characteristic of a sample?

A. Randomization
B. Appropriate location
C. Appropriate number
D. Representativeness
48. Random sampling ensures that each subject has:

A. Been selected systematically

B. An equal chance of selection
C. Been selected based on set criteria
D. Characteristics that match other samples

49. Which of the following methods allows the use of any group of research subject?

A. Purposive
B. Convenience
C. Snow-ball
D. Quota

50. You decided to include 5 barangays in your municipality and chose a sampling
method that would get representative samples from each barangay. What should be
the appropriate method ofor you to use in this care?

A. Cluster sampling
B. Random sampling
C. Startified ampling
D. Systematic sampling

ANSWER KEY:

SITUATIONAL

Situation 1 – Concerted work efforts among members of the surgical team is

essential to the success of the surgical procedure.

1. The sterile nurse or sterile personnel touch only sterile supplies and instruments.
When there is a need for sterile supply which is not in the sterile field, who hands
out these items by opening its outer cover?

Circulating Nurse

2. The OR team performs distinct roles for one surgical procedure to be

accomplished within a prescribed time frame and deliver a standard patient
outcome. While the surgeon performs the surgical procedure, who monitors the
status of the client like urine output, blood loss?

Anaesthesiologist

3. Surgery schedules are communicated to the OR usually a day prior to the

procedure by the nurse of the floor or ward where the patient is confined. For
orthopedic cases, what department is usually informed to be present in the OR?
Radiology department

4. Minimally invasive surgery is very much into technology. Aside from the usual
surgical team, who else has to be present when a client undergoes laparoscopic
surgery?

Biomedical technician

5. In massive blood loss, prompt replacement of compatible blood is crucial. What

department needs to be alerted to coordinate closely with the patient’s family for
immediate blood component therapy?

Social Service Section

Situation 2 – You are assigned in the Orthopedic Ward where clients are
complaining of pain in varying degrees upon movement of body parts.

6. Troy is a one day post open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the left hip
and is in pain. Which of the following observation would prompt you to call the
doctor?

Left foot is cold to touch and pedal pulse is absent

7. There is an order of Demerol 50 mg I.M. now and every 6 hours p r n. You

injected Demerol at 5 pm. The next dose of Demerol 50 mg I.M. is given:

At 11 pm

8. You continuously evaluate the client’s adaptation to pain. Which of the following
behaviors indicate appropriate adaptation?

The client can distract himself during pain episodes

9. Pain in ortho cases may not be mainly due to the surgery. There might be other
factors such as cultural or psychological that influence pain. How can you alter these
factors as the nurse?

Promote client’s sense of control and participation in control by listening to his

concerns

10. In some hip surgeries, an epidural catheter for Fentanyl epidural analgesia is
given. What is your nursing priority care in such a case?

Assess respiratory rate carefully

Situation 3 – Records are vital tools in any institution and should be properly
maintained for specific use and time.
11. The patient’s medical record can work as a double edged sword. When can the
medical record become the doctor’s/nurse’s worst enemy?

When the medical record is inaccurate, incomplete, and inadequate

12. Disposal of medical records in government hospitals/institutions must be done

in close coordination with what agency?

Department of Health (DOH)

13. In the hospital, when you need the medical record of a discharged patient for
research you will request permission through:

Medical records section

14. You readmitted a client who was in another department a month ago. Since you
will need the previous chart, from whom do you request the old chart?

Medical records section

15. Records Management and Archives Office of the DOH is responsible for
implementing its policies on record disposal. You know that your institution is
covered by this policy if:

It obtained permit to operate from DOH

Situation 4 – In the OR, there are safety protocols that should be followed. The OR
nurse should be well versed with all these to safeguard the safety and quality of
patient delivery outcome.

16. Which of the following should be given highest priority when receiving patient in
the OR?

Verify patient identification and informed consent

17. Surgeries like I and D (incision and drainage) and debridement are relatively
short procedures but considered ‘dirty cases’. When are these procedures best
scheduled?

Last case

18. OR nurses should be aware that maintaining the client’s safety is the overall
goal of nursing care during the intraoperative phase. As the circulating nurse, you
make certain that throughout the procedure…

strap made of strong non-abrasive materials are fastened securely around the joints
of the knees and ankles and around the 2 hands around an arm board.
19. Another nursing check that should not be missed before the induction of general
anesthesia is:

check baseline vital signs

20. Some lifetime habits and hobbies affect postoperative respiratory function. If
your client smokes 3 packs of cigarettes a day for the past 10 years, you will
anticipate increased risk for:

delayed wound healing

Situation 5 – Nurses hold a variety of roles when providing care to a perioperative

patient.

21. Which of the following role would be the responsibility of the scrub nurse?

Account for the number of sponges, needles, supplies, used during the surgical
procedure.

22. As a perioperative nurse, how can you best meet the safety need of the client
after administering preoperative narcotic?

Put side rails up and ask the client not to get out of bed

23. It is the responsibility of the pre-op nurse to do skin prep for patients
undergoing surgery. If hair at the operative site is not shaved, what should be done
to make suturing easy and lessen chance of incision infection?

Clipped

24. It is also the nurse’s function to determine when infection is developing in the
surgical incision. The perioperative nurse should observe for what signs of
impending infection?

Localized heat and redness

25. Which of the following nursing interventions is done when examining the
incision wound and changing the dressing?

Observe the dressing and type and odor of drainage if any

Situation 6 – Carlo, 16 years old, comes to the ER with acute asthmatic attack. RR
is 46/min and he appears to be in acute respiratory distress.

26. Which of the following nursing actions should be initiated first?

Administer bronchodilator by nebulizer

27. Aminophylline was ordered for acute asthmatic attack. The mother asked the
nurse, what is its indication, the nurse will say:

Relax smooth muscles of the bronchial airway

28. You will give health instructions to Carlo, a case of bronchial asthma. The health
instruction will include the following, EXCEPT:

Practice respiratory isolation

29. The asthmatic client asked you what breathing techniques he can best practice
when asthmatic attack starts. What will be the best position?

Lean forward 30-40 degrees with each exhalation

30. As a nurse, you are always alerted to monitor status asthmaticus who will likely
and initially manifest symptoms of:

respiratory acidosis

Situation 7 – Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospital Organization (JCAHO)

patient safety goals and requirements include the care and efficient use of
technology in the OR and elsewhere in the healthcare facility.

31. As the head nurse in the OR, how can you improve the effectiveness of clinical
alarm systems?

Implement a regular maintenance and testing of alarm systems

32. Overdosage of medication or anesthetic can happen even with the aid of
technology like infusion pumps, sphygmomanometer and similar devices/machines.
As a staff, how can you improve the safety of using infusion pumps?

Check the functionality of the pump before use

33. JCAHOs universal protocol for surgical and invasive procedures to prevent wrong
site, wrong person, and wrong procedure/surgery includes the following, EXCEPT:

Take a video of the entire intra-operative procedure

34. You identified a potential risk of pre-and postoperative clients. To reduce the
risk of patient harm resulting from fall, you can implement the following, EXCEPT:

Allow client to walk with relative to the OR

35. As a nurse, you know you can improve on accuracy of patient’s identification by
2 patient identifiers, EXCEPT:

call the client by his/her case and bed number

Situation 8 – Team efforts is best demonstrated in the OR.

36. If you are the nurse in charge for scheduling surgical cases, what important
information do you need to ask the surgeon?

Who is your assistant and anesthesiologist, and what is your preferred time and
type of surgery?

37. In the OR, the nursing tandem for every surgery is:

Scrub and circulating nurses

38. While team effort is needed in the OR for efficient and quality patient care
delivery, we should limit the number of people in the room for infection control.
Who comprise this team?

Surgeon, assistants, scrub nurse, circulating nurse, anesthesiologist

39. When surgery is on-going, who coordinates the activities outside, including the
family?

Circulating Nurse

40. The breakdown in teamwork is often times a failure in:

Communication

Situation 9 – Colostomy is a surgically created anus. It can be temporary or

permanent, depending on the disease condition.

41. Skin care around the stoma is critical. Which of the following is not indicated as
a skin care barriers?

Apply liberal amount of mineral oil to the area

42. What health instruction will enhance regulation of a colostomy (defecation) of

clients?

Eat balanced meals at regular intervals

43. After ileostomy, which of the following condition is NOT expected?

Increased weight
44. The following are appropriate nursing interventions during colostomy irrigation,
EXCEPT:

Increase the irrigating solution flow rate when abdominal cramps is felt

45. What sensation is used as a gauge so that patients with ileostomy can
determine how often their pouch should be drained?

Sensation of pressure

Situation 10 – As a beginner in research, you are aware that sampling is an

essential elements of the research process.

46. What does a sample group represent?

General population

47. What is the most important characteristic of a sample?

Representativeness

48. Random sampling ensures that each subject has:

An equal chance of selection

49. Which of the following methods allows the use of any group of research subject?

Convenience

50. You decided to include 5 barangays in your municipality and chose a sampling
method that would get representative samples from each barangay. What should be
the appropriate method ofor you to use in this care?

Cluster sampling