The Smart Traction Power System

Applying Smart Grid Technology

to Network Electrification

Dr Dave Hewings

Great Western Electrification

London - Bristol
200 km
London - Didcot
Long-distance, suburban and freight
Didcot - Bristol
Long distance and freight

London Bristol Electrification

Legend

Malvern Hills
Banbury

Hereford

Milton
Keynes

Non-electrified route

Wye Valley

Electrified route
National Grid transmission line
National Grid substation
Urban area

Luton

Walham

Station on electrified route

N BEACONS

Forest Parks and National Forest

Dunstable

Gloucester

Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty

The
Cotswolds

Lake

Aylesbury

Hemel
Hempstead

Oxford

ern

Se
v

Cwmbran

Stevenag

Cheltenham

National Park

St Albans

High
Wycombe

Didcot

Watford
The Chilterns

Newport

Swindon

LONDON

Slough

Avonmouth

CARDIFF

Reading

Richmond

Bristol

Melksham
Weston-super-Mare

ANN

Newbury

Bath

Sutton
Cro

Bramley

North Wessex
Downs

EL

Basingstoke
Mendip
Hills

Bridgwater Bay

Guildford
Surrey Hills

Bridgwater
Quantock
Hills

Crawley
Salisbury
Cranborne Chase &

Taunton

Horsham
Winchester

West Wiltshire Downs

Yeovil

Blackdown
Hills

NEW
FOREST

Southampton

SOUTH DOWNS

Fareham

Worthing

Brighton
Dorset

e Solen
Th
t

Poole

Poole Bay

I l

fP b

Scale 1:1 000 000

1 cm to 10 kilometres or about 1 inch to 16 miles

Bournemouth

Crown copyright 201 1. All rights reserved.

East Devon

Portsmouth

Foreland

0
Selsey Bill
0

10

15

10

20

25

15

30

35

20

40 Km

25 Miles

The
Needles

Demand Analysis

Fault Analysis

Electromagnetic Induction Analysis

Energy Loss

Integrated Protection & Control

Application of IEC 61850 substation data architectures.
Reduced wiring.
Reduced installation time and cost.
Standardisation of hardware design.
Increased functionality.
Extensible system architecture.
Enabling technology for the Smart Traction Power Supply.

How It Was
Labour-intensive
Limited capability
Inflexible

How It Was

How It Was
Protection settings were:
Simple to apply: minimising human error.
Limited in scope.
Visibly verifiable.

Things Have Changed

Increased relay functionality
Large increase in settings and configurations
Complexity issues
Configuration management issues
Impracticable to address on-site

Integrated Protection & Control

Application of IEC 61850 substation data architectures.
Reduced wiring.
Reduced installation time and cost.
Standardisation of hardware design.
Increased functionality.
Extensible system architecture.
Enabling technology for the Smart Traction Power Supply.

IEC 61850
A standard architecture for communication networks and
systems in substations

Not a protocol

A single world standard for the integration of secondary systems

Station Bus Concept

Design Methodology
IEC 61850-4: System and Project Management

Structured approach

Object-oriented architecture

UML is an ideal language for outline design

11

Substation Instance Diagram

WKNG: tSubstation

WKNGH1: tVoltageLevel

WKNGH1Q1: tBay

12

Functional Decomposition
LD
=WKNGH1Q1LD1

3Z< (21)

LLN0
=WKNGH1Q1LD1LLN0

PDIS
=WKNGH1Q1LD1PDIS1

PDIS
=WKNGH1Q1LD1PDIS2

PDIS
=WKNGH1Q1LD1PDIS3

RFLO
=WKNGH1Q1LD1RFLO1

RBRF
=WKNGH1Q1LD1RBRF1

RFLO
=WKNGH1Q1LD1RFLO1

PTRC
=WKNGH1Q1LD1PTRC1

SSYS
=WKNGH1Q1LD1SSYS1

13

Scheme Functional Diagram

3Z< (21)

Main Trip
Main Prot. Failed
Main Prot.Op. (Z1)
Main Prot. Op. (Z2)
Main Prot. Op. (Z3)
Breaker Failed
Distance to Fault

14

The Eden Project

Eden substation is a 33 kV three-phase substation supply the
d.c. traction network in Sussex.

In 2010 Eden was enhanced for 12-car services, and was the
first IEC 61850 substation developed by Network Rail.

Hybrid hard-wiring and data communications was installed to

provide for a phased introduction now operating fully with
IEC 61850.

15

Station Bus Concept

The Extended Station Bus

An extension of existing IEC 61850 principles.

Takes advantage of ability to provide dedicated

communications along railway.

Considers the railway network as a system, not isolated

substation sites.

17

North West Electrification

The first application of IEC 61850 to 25 kV electrification in
the UK.

Provides extended station bus technology for the first time

on any system.

Hybrid approach provides for phased introduction.

18

GWML Extended Station Bus

19

GOOSE Messaging
LAN communication system for critical protection messages
High speed and deterministic
Requires LAN or dedicated communication channel
Can utilise fibre cable installed with RSC

20

Fault Protection Sequence

21

Fault Protection Sequence

22

Fault Protection Sequence

23

Fault Protection Sequence

24

Fault Protection Sequence

25

Fault Protection Sequence

26

Fault Protection Sequence

27

Fault Protection Sequence

28

Fault Protection Sequence

29

Fault Protection Sequence

30

Enhanced Control
Extended station bus allows control to be provided to any
location.

Switches can be categorised as:

Operational, and controlled;
Maintenance, and manual.

Overall reduction in line switches expected.

31

Standard Isolations
Section switches motorised and controlled and located in
conjunction with operations requirements.
Option of aligning isolation points with possession blocking
points.
Option of moving to standard isolations.
Isolation and earthing at sources of supply provided
automatically by system.

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The Future
Equipping substations now with protection and control to the
world standard (IEC 61850) provides modern data
communications to the electrification system.
Applications of the core technology are expected to develop
rapidly.
Smart grid technology for use of substation data for control,
maintenance monitoring, protection and energy metering is
developing at a rapid pace: the smart traction power system.

33

The Smart Traction Power System

Understands how switchgear is linked to provide a traction
supply.
Knows its energy usage and losses.
Configures itself to the needs of the train service.
Manages its protection settings.
Knows its operating history and maintenance requirements.
Monitors its performance.
Knows when it needs enhancement.

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