Past Progressive (Continuous) X Simple Past

1) What _________________ (you/do) when I _________________ (call)

you last night?
2) I _________________ (sit) in a cafe when you _________________ (call).
3) When you _________________ (arrive) at the party, who

_________________ (be) there?

4) Susie _________________ (watch) a film when she _________________
(hear) the noise.
5) Yesterday I _________________ (go) to the library, next I

_________________ (have) a swim, later I _________________ (meet) Julie

for coffee.
6) We _________________ (play) tennis when John _________________
(hurt) his ankle.
7) What _________________ (they/do) at 10pm last night - it was really noisy?
8) He _________________ (take) a shower when the telephone

_________________ (ring).

Past Perfect X Past Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

1. Peter was Sally's best friend. She_________________(know) him

all her life.
2. The children were wet because they _________________ (play)
football in the rain.
3. We were very hungry because we _________________ (not / eat).
4. I was delighted when I found my keys. I _________________
(look) for them for hours.
5. She was exhausted because she _________________ (work) since
eight o'clock that morning.
6. Everything was white because it _________________ (snow).
7. The passengers were cross because the airline _________________
(lose) everyone's bags.
8. I _________________ (not / see) Jacob for several years, but I
recognised him immediately.

Future Perfect
Future Perfect has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have done."
UnlikeSimple Future forms, Future Perfect forms are usually interchangeable.

FORM Future Perfect with "Will"

[will have + past participle]
Examples:

You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the
U.S.

Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the
U.S.?

You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the
U.S.

FORM Future Perfect with "Be Going To"

[am/is/are + going to have + past participle]
Examples:

You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back
from the U.S.

Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back
from the U.S.?

You are not going to have perfected your English by the time you come
back from the U.S.

NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the Future Perfect
with little or no difference in meaning.

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Future

The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another
action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific
time in the future.
Examples:

By next November, I will have received my promotion.

By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the entire house.

I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock.

Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to
Beijing?

Sam is probably going to have completed the proposal by the time

he leaves this afternoon.

By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.

How many countries are you going to have visited by the time you turn 50?

Notice in the examples above that the reference points (marked in italics) are
in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are
in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-Continuous

Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use
the Future Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the
future.
Examples:

I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.

By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week.

Although the above use of Future Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous

Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and
"study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous
Verbs.

REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with
time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if,
unless, etc. Instead of Future Perfect, Present Perfect is used.
Examples:

I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Not

Correct

I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always,
only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:

You will only have learned a few words.

Will you only have learned a few words?

You are only going to have learned a few words.

Are you only going to have learned a few words?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

They will have completed the project before the deadline. Active

The project will have been completed before the deadline. Passive

They are going to have completed the project before the deadline. Active

The project is going to have been completed before the deadline. Passive

1. Margaret: Do you think everything will be finished when I get back from the
store?
Jerry: Don't worry. By the time you get back, I (pick) _________________ up
the living room and (finish) _________________ washing the dishes.
Everything will be perfect when your parents arrive.
Margaret: I hope so. They (arrive) _________________ around 6 o'clock.
Jerry: Everything (be) _________________ spotless by the time they get here.

2. Nick: I just have two more courses before I graduate from university. By
this time next year, I (graduate) _________________, and I will already
be looking for a job.
Stacey: Does that scare you? Are you worried about the future?

Nick: Not really. I (go) _________________ to a career counselor and get some
advice on how to find a good job.
Stacey: That's a good idea.
Nick: I am also going to do an internship so that when I leave school, I (complete,
not only) _________________ over 13 business courses, but I (work, also)

_________________ in the real world.

3. Stan: Did you hear that Christine (take) _________________ a vacation

in South America this winter?
Fred: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to
go?
Stan: She (visit) _________________ Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.
Fred: At this rate, she (visit) _________________ every country in the world by
the time she's 50.

4. Judy: How long have you been in Miami?

Elaine: I have only been here for a couple of weeks.
Judy: How long do you plan on staying?
Elaine: I love Miami, so I (stay) _________________ here for an extended
period of time. When I go back home, I (be) _________________ here for more
than three months.
Judy: Wow, that's quite a vacation! You (see, definitely) _________________
just about everything there is to see in Miami by then.

5. Jane: I can't believe how late we are! By the time we get to the dinner,
everyone (finish, already) _________________ eating.
Jack: It's your own fault. You took way too long in the bathroom.
Jane: I couldn't get my hair to look right.
Jack: Who cares? By the time we get there, everyone (left)

_________________. Nobody (see, even) _________________ your hair.