1. What is Sampling ?

The Process of obtaining a set of samples from a continuous function of time x(t) is referred to
as sampling.
2. What is cut-off frequency ?
The frequency at which the response is -3dB with respect to the maximum response.
3. What is Passband ?
Passband is the range of frequencies or wavelengths that can pass through a filter without
being attenuated.
4. Name some Digital Modulation Techniques.
ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM, MSK, CPFSK, CPM, GMSK
5. What is repeater ?
A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher
level/power, so that signal can cover longer distances.
6. What is crosstalk ?
Crosstalk is a form of interference caused by signals in nearby conductors. The most
common example is hearing an unwanted conversation on the telephone.
7. What is PLL ?
A phase-locked loop (PLL) is an electronic circuit with a voltage or current driven oscillator
that is constantly adjusted to match in phase (and thus lock on) the frequency of an input
signal.
8. What is meant by frequency synthesizer ?
A frequency synthesizer is an electronic system for generating any of a range of frequencies.
9. What is meant by Line Coding ?
Output of the multiplexer (TDM) i.e. bits are coded into electrical pulses or waveform for the
purpose of transmission over the channel.
10. What is Aliasing ?
Aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to became indistinguishable when sampled.
11. What is DTV ?
It is the transmission of audio and video by digitally processed and multiplexed signal.
12. Why we need Quantization ?
After sampling the discrete signal has to be rounded to its nearer digital value, hence we go
for quantization.
13. The range of a cordless telephone is about ?
100 m
14. The rate at which information can be carried through a communication channel depends on:
Bandwidth
15. Radio Broadcast are generally:
Frequency Modulated
16. Maximum Range of Transmitter Depends upon:
Frequency and Power Level
17. A telephone channel requires a bandwidth of about :
3 kHz

18. A pre-emphasis circuit provides extra noise immunity by:

Amplifying the Higher Audio frequencies
19. What is Intersymbol Interference (ISI) ?
Intersymbol interference (ISI) means a form of distortion of a signal that causes the previously
transmitted symbols to have an effect on the currently received symbol.
20. What is the transmission frequency of Bluetooth ?
2.402GHz to 2.480 GHz
21. Full Form of Wi-Fi and WiMAX
Wi-Fi : Wireless Fidelity
WiMAX : Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
21. What is VOIP ?
VoIP (voice over IP) is an IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery
of voice information over the Internet.VoIP involves sending voice information in digital form in
discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public
switched telephone network (PSTN).
22. What is Full-Duplex ?
Full duplex refers to the transmission of data in two directions simultaneously.
23. What is TDMA ?
It is a multiplexing technique in which users gain access of the channel on time sharing basis.
24. What is FDMA ?
It is a multiplexing technique in which all the user can simultaneously transmit/receive
information using different frequency channels.
25. What is new in 4G ?
OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output),
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access )
26. What is Multipath Fading ?
Interference generated to Constructive and Destructive addition of replicas of transmitted
signal.
27. What is the function of sampler.
To convert continuous time domain signal into discrete time domain signal
28. What should be the condition for proper recovery of sampled signal.
Sampling frequency is equal or greater than twice of maximum message signal frequency.
29. When SNR value increased, channel capacity will
Increase
30. Amplitude shift keying is also known as
ON OFF Keying
31. If number of quantization level is increased, quantization noise power will be
Decreased
32. Define quantization error.
It is the difference between quantized signal and message signal.
33. Fundamental component of PCM transmitter are
Sampler, Quantizer and Encoder
34. Delta modulator is also known as

One bit quantizer

35. In which modulation process slope overloading and granular error problem occurs.
Delta Modulation
36. Overlapping of high frequency components with low frequency component is known as
Aliasing effect.
37. What is the relation between sampling frequency and sampling time.
Reciprocal to each other
38. What is the output of digital modulation techniques.
Analog signal