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EDITORIAL BOARd
SHRI R. VARADHARAJAN - ADVISOR
PRINCIPAL
MR. S.KUMARESAN
P.G.T(MATHEMATICS)
MR. BHARATHI. M
P.G.T(MATHEMATICS)
NITHIN SHARMA
XII-A1
SHORAB. U
XII-A1
LALITH.S
XII-A1
LAKSHIT. L
XII-A1
AYUSH. G
XII-A1
MAYANK. N
XII-A1
DIVESH. N
XII-A1
NIDHI. N
XII-B
DIVYA. A
ROSHINI. J
XII-B
DHRITI. J
NIDHI. S
XII-B
MANISHA. M
XII-B
XII-B
XII-B
PREFACE
This booklet MATH-MEDIC for class XII (capsule of math formulae
and results) covers all the formulae, results, assignments,
chapter wise question papers and sample papers in the following
topics:
CONTENTS
Pages
Relations and functions
5-9
Inverse Trigonometric Function
10-14
Matrices
15-21
Determinants
22-29
Continuity and Differentiability
30-36
Application of Derivatives
37-42
Integrals
43-49
Application of Integrals
50-53
Differential Equations
54-59
Vector Algebra
60-67
Three Dimensional Geometry
68-73
4
Linear Programming
74-81
Probability
82-92
Important math formulae
93-98
Unit wise mark distribution
99-100
(a,c)
A.
4. One-One Function (Injective): A function f:A B is said to be a one-
14.
f :X Y
R= A A
f : X Y
If f : X Y
22.
Let f : X Y
; g :Y Z
and g :Y Z
1
1
1
also invertible with (g f ) =f g
23.
A function f : X Y
function g:YX such that gf = Ix and fg = Iy. the function g is called the
1
inverse of f and is denoted by f .
24.
Let f : X Y
and g :Y Z
(g f )1 =f 1 g1
2
6. If A = R - { 3 } and a function f : AA is defined by f (x) =
4 x +3
6 x4 .
n
2 ,
n is even
a+b
2 , for all a , b N
commutative ? Is
associative?
16. If f : RR given by f (x) x2 +3x + 1 and g : R given by g (x) 2x-3 .
Find fog and gof.
17. Prove that the relation R on z,defined by(a,b)R<=>a-b is divisible
by 5 is an equivalance relation on z.
18. An integer m is said to be related to another integer n if m is a
multiple on n. check if the relation is symmetric ,reflexive and
transitive.
19. Let a relation R on R be defined as R={(a,b);1+ab>0, a,bR}. show
that R is Reflexive, symmetric but not transitive.
20. If R1 ,R2 are equivalence relation on set A,show that R 1UR2 is reflexive
, symmetric but not transitive.
21. Classify the following function as one-one ,onto or bijective.
a) f:N N defined by f(x)=x3+1
b) f:R R defined by f(x)=x3+1
c) f:Z Z defined by f(x)=x3+1
9
x
x1 ,x1, find fog,gof and hence find fog(2) and gof(-3) .
CHAPTER TEST
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
50
PART-A (4X1=4)
10
TIME: 1 hrs
MARKS:
3 1/3
, write f-1(x).
10.
Show that the relation R on R as R={(a,b);ab} is reflexive and
transitive but not symmetric .
11.
Show that the function f:R R given by f(x)=x3+x is a bijective.
PART-C (3X6=18)
12.
Consider f:R+ [4,) by f(x)=x2+4, show that f is invertible with
the inverse f-1 of f given by f-1(y)= y4 where R+ is non-negative
real number .
13.
Show that the relation R on the set A={xz, 0x12} given by
R={(a,b); |a-b| is a multiple of 4} is an equivalence relation.
14.
If f:R R and g:R R be two bijective functions defined by
f(x)=2x and g(x)=x+2, verify that (gof)-1=f-1og-1.
11
FUNCTION
sin -1
cos
tan
DOMAIN
[-1,1]
-1
(0,)
(-
[-,-1] [1,]
-1
2)Prope
sec
[-,-1]
sin=
cot -1
R
cos=
tan-1(tan ) =
cosec-1(cosec ) =
sec-1(sec ) =
cot-1(cot ) =
-1
and (sin x)
-1
(-
2 ,
(0)
-1
3) sin-1 x (sin x)
2 , 2 )
(-
[-1,1]
R
-1
cosec
RANGE
[1,]
(0, ) ( 2 )
(0,)
rties:
1
(sin )
(cos)
1
sinx
-1
x) = x
Properties
I)
1. sin-1(-x) = -sin-1x
2. cos-1 (-x) = --cos-1x
3. tan-1 (-x) = -tan-1x
12
II
1. sin
-1
2. cos
-1
3. tan-1
( 1x )
= cosec-1x
( 1x )
= sec-1x
( 1x )
= cot-1x
III
1. sin-1x + cos-1x =
2. tan-1x + cot-1x =
3. sec x + cosec x =
-1
-1
IV
1. 2tan x =
-1
2. 2tan-1x =
sin1
( )
cos1
3. 2tan x = tan
-1
2x
1+ x2
-1
( )
1x
2
1+ x
2x
1x 2
-1
-1
x y
( 1xy
)
( 1+xxyy )
13
( 1+cosxsinx )
1. Write tan-1
2. Prove cot
-1
in simplest form.
1+sin x + 1sin x
1+sin x 1sin x
= 2 , x (0, 4 )
( 1x
1+ x )
-1
( 12 sin 34 )
1
5. Prove: 2 tan-1
6. Prove: cot
-1
7. Prove: sin
-1
( 12 )
4 7
3
7 + cot
-1
+ cos
8. Prove: cos-1
( 1213 )
+sin -1
9. Solve: tan -1
( 1x
1+ x )
Solve: tan
-1
= sin-1
8 + cot
( 135 )
10.
( 17 )
+tan-1
= 2
( 35 )
-1
( 35 )
-1
18 = cot
= tan
= sin-1
tan-1 x.
(2x) + tan
-1
3x =
14
( 25312 )
-1
-1
( 6316 )
( 5665 )
.
(3).
( x1
x2 )
( x+1
x+2 )
+ tan-1
11.
Solve :tan -1
= 4
12.
Solve: 2 tan
13.
1 3
Solve: cos(tan-1x) = sin cot 4
14.
15.
16.
Evaluate: sin
17.
Solve: tan-1
x+ 1
( x1
)
18.
Prove: tan-1
( 34 )
19.
20.
Prove: tan-1
21.
-1
( 15 )
-1
tan
-1
( 701 )
( 18 )
( )]
+ tan-1
( x+1x )
( 35 )
+ tan-1
= tan-1(-7)
+ tan-1
-1
( 198 )
tan-1
tan
-1
-1
( 991 )
1
sin1
3
3
-1
( 13 )
+ tan
-1
( 15 )
+ tan-1
-1
( 17 )
( 318 )
+ tan-1
-1
zx
22. Prove: tan-1(1) + tan-1(2) + tan-1(3) =
1
1+ x 1x
-1
-1
23. Prove: tan
1+ x + 1x = 4 - 2 cos x
24.
Prove: tan -1
1+ x 2 1x 2
1+ x 2 + 1x 2 =
1+ x 2 +1
)=
- 2 cos-1 (x)2
Prove: tan
26.
27.
1
-1
2 tan x
25.
-1
2b
a
1x 2 ) = 2sin-1x
28.
29.
15
30.
Evaluate sin [ 3
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
P.T tan
-1
Write cot
sin (-
12
13
-1
1+ x 1x
1+ x+ 1x
3
5
-1
1
2
-1
) + sin
)]
- 2
cot 1 2 )
1
x 2 +1
3
( )
-1
5 = sin
-1
cos
-1
(0,1)
56
65
x;
1
2
x1
6
5 13
-1
z=
3
2
then
P.T x
38.
2006
+y
2007
+z
2008
-(
2006
+y
2007
39.
Solve: sin
-1
40.
Solve: sin
-1
41.
If cos
-1
8
17
= sin
( 45x )
( 2x )
+ cos
-1
-1
( 3y )
2008
tan cos
x sin
-1
+ sin
+z
( 35x )
-1
)= 0
( 12 ))
3
5
= sin
43.
44.
Evaluate cos
Evaluate cos
-1
-1
( 12 )
36 sin2
42.
-1
+ sin
-1
(cos 76 )
16
cos x
( 1sin
x)
( 12 )
45.
P.T: cos
-1
( 526 )
1
4
tan
120
119
-1
CHAPTER TEST
1 hrs
TIME:
MARKS: 50
PART A (4x1=4)
3
1 1
+ 2 sin 2
PART B (7x4=28)
1 1
5. Prove that 2 tan 2
1 1
+ tan 7
1+ x 2
6. Express in Simplest Form :
tan1
sin
31
25 2
1)/x , x 0
1
1
1
1
7. Prove that cot 7 + cot 8 + cot 18 = cot 3
17
8. Simplify
3 sin 2
5+ 3 cos 2
()
tan1
1 1
+ tan 4 tan ,where -
<
<
2
2
tan x+ 1 +
1
1
10. If y = cot cos x - tan cos x ,then prove that sin y =tan2 (x/2)
/4 + 1/2
a/b
) = tan (/4 1/2 cos1
cos a /b
PART C (3x6=18)
cos1
tan 1
x 21
x2 +1
cosx
1+sinx
+
=
tan
2x
x 21
2
3
x
2
; x -
,
2 2
sin cos
3.MATRICES
1. Matrix
A set of mn numbers arranged in the form of a rectangular
array of m rows and n columns is called an m n matrix
2. General Form
A=
3. Row Matrix
A matrix having only one row is called a row matrix
4. Column Matrix
A matrix having only one column is called a column matrix
5. Square Matrix
A matrix in which the number of rows is equal to the number of
columns is called a square matrix
6. Diagonal Matrix
A square matrix is called a diagonal matrix if the elements, except
those in the leading diagonal are zero
7. Scalar Matrix
A diagonal matrix in which all the diagonal elements are equal is
called the scalar matrix
8. Unit Matrix
A square matrix each of whose diagonal element is unity and each of
whose non diagonal element is equal to zero is called an identity or unit
matrix
9. Null Martix
A matrix whose all elements are zero is called null matrix or a zero
matrix.
19
1
2
(A+ A') + 2
skew symmetric.
MATRICES
20
3 -2
-4
3 -2 -5
-1
1
2
symmetric matrix and Verify the result.
2. Find the inverse of
row operation
-1
5
1
0
0
1
3
3. Using elementary transformation, find the inverse of the following
matrix:
1 2 3
2 5 7
-2 -4 -5
4. If A = 1 -1
B= 2
-4
-4
Find AB
-4
2
-1
-5
x-y = 3
2x + 3y + 4z = 17
y + 2z = 7
5. If A =
-2
-2
6. If A =
2
-2 S.T. A2 6A + 17I = 0. Hence find A-1
4
-2
7. If A =
2
3
prove A3 4A2 + A = 0
1 2
8. Express A =
3
2
5
Express A as the sum of two matrices
such that one is
symmetric
4
1
3
and the other is skew symmetric.
0
6
7
9. If A =
1
B = (-1
2
1 ). Prove (AB) t = B t A t
-4
3
10.
If A =
2
0
1 Evaluate: A 2 3A + 2I
2
1 3
1 -1 0
21
WOME
N
CHILDRE
N
ME
N
Family 2
3
1
A
Family 2
1
3
B
Family 4
2
6
C
Daily expenses of men, women and children are Rs. 200, Rs. 150,
and Rs. 200 respectively. Only men and women earn and children
do not. Using matrix multiplication, calculate the daily expenses of
each family. What impact does more children in the family create on
the society.
14. If X
-7 -8 -9
2 4 6
-1
-1
-15
5
-2
-5
If A = -1
3
18.
verify ( A2) = (A )
-7
(i-j) , if i<j
Cos Sin
sin cos
19. If A =
is A an identity matrix
?
20.If A = Diagonal ( -2 ,5,1) and B = (1,0,-4)
then find 3A-5B.
21. Evaluate
1 2 2
2 1 2
2 2 1
22. If A
23.
a
b
cd
c
+ (a b) b
1
1
2
2 1 1
24.
(c d )
2 2
2 1
1
2
w2
0
0
0
cos 2 cossin
cossin
sin 2
and
cos
cossin
cossin
sin2
is the
If A =
a2 ab ac
ab b2 bc
ac bc c2
and B=
0
c b
c 0
a
b a 0
26. Show that square matrix can be expressed as sum of symmetric and
skew symmetric matrix.
27.
If A =
1 1 1
0 1 1
0 0 1
23
1 n n (n+1)/ 2
0 1
n
0 0
1
for all n N
2 5 3
5 4 1
3 6 2
30. If A = 1 1
1+2 n 4 n
n
12n
2 5
1 3
for all n N
by
using PMI.
CHAPTER TEST
TIME: 1 hrs
MATRICES
MARKS: 50
PART-A (4X1=4)
cos
2. If
2
7
2
cos
7
sin
1 0
= 0 1
k.
cos sin
cos
3. If A = sin
24
PART-B (7X4=28)
5. Find x if
1 x 1
1 3 2
2 5 1
15 3 2
1
2
x
=0
2 0 1
2 1 3
1 1 0
1 2 3
7 8 9
2
4
6
1
4
3
B = ( 1 2 1
2 1
4
Let A = 3
5 2
B= 7 4
2 8
CD-AB =0
11.
3 4
Prove by PMI if A = 1 1
then A =
1+2 n 4 n
n
12n
for every
positive integer n.
PART-C (3X6=18)
12.
3 2 4
3 2 5
3 1
2
13.
14.
25
2 5 3
3 4 1
1 6 3
1 1
2
2 1 1
2 2
2
1 1
2
0
0
0
4.DETERMINANTS
1. Every square matrix can be associated to an expression or a number
which is known as its determinant.
2. A square matrix is a singular matrix if its determinant is zero.
3. Minor:-minor of an element aij of a determinant obtained by
deleting its ith row and jth column in which element aij
26
lies.
is denoted by M ij .
aij
is (-1)i+j M ij .
5. Properties Of Determinants: The value of determinant remains unchanged if its rows and
columns are interchanged.
If any two rows of a determinant are interchanged then the value of
the determinant changes by minus sign only.
If any two rows(columns)of a square matrix are identical, then its
determinant is zero
If each element of a row or column of a determinant is multiplied by
a constant k, then the value of new determinants is k times the
value of the original determinant.
If each element of a row(or column)of a determinant is expressed as
a sum of two or more terms, then the determinant can be expressed
as the sum of two or more determinant.
If each element of a row(column)of a determinant is multiplied by
the same constant and then added to corresponding elements of
some other row(column),then the value of determinant remains
same.
6. Condition for collinearity of three points (x 1,y1) (x2,y2),(x3,y3) are
collinear if
x1
y1 1
x 2 y2 1
=0
x 3 y3 1
7. Equation of a line passing through two given points (x 1,y1) and (x2,y2)
is
x
x 1 y1 1
=0
x 2 y2 1
8. Adjoint of a square matrix is the transpose of the matrix of cofactors
of elements.
9. A(adj A)=(adj A)A=|A|I
27
then determinants of A is
= det (A) =(AD BC).
DETERMINANTS
1. Solve:
x-2
x-4
x
2x-3
2x-4
2x-27
3x-4
3x-16
3x-64
=0
1+b
4. a2 +1
ab
ba
1+b
ca
cb
5.
bc
a2+ac
a2+ab
= abc (1 +
1
a
1
+ b +
1
c )
1+c
ac
bc
= a2 + b2 +c2 + 1
c2+1
b2+bc
-ac
2
b +ab
c2+ bc
c2+ac
-ab
= (ab + bc + ca )3
6
x
3
y
10
z = 4;
4
x
6
y
+ z
9
20
y
z =2
9. Solve x
1
y
1
z
=4;
2
x
1
3
y z
=0;
1
z =2
10.
b2+c2
a2
a2
b2
c2+a2
b2
c2
c2
a2+ b2
11.
x+a
x
x
x
x+a
x
= 0
x
x
x+a
12.
1
1
1
a
b
c
=4 a2b2 c2
a3
b3
c3
= (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)(a+b+c)
15.
(b+c)2
ab
ac
2
ab
(a+b)
bc
ac
bc
(a+b) 2
b2+c2
ba
ca
ab
c +a2
cb
2
ac
bc
2
a +b2
= 2abc (a+b+c)3
= 4a2b2c2
1
x
+ y
q
p
r
q
+ q
=0
p+q
q
p
r
q+r
= 0, show that p2 + 2q + r
[ ]
a
18. If A =
b
1+bc
a
1
2
then prove that a A
= ( a +bc+1)I aA.
3
1 1
15 6 5
5
2 2
1 1 2
0 2 3
3 2 4
and B=
] [
1
2 2
1 3
0
0 2 1
2 0 1
9 2 3
6 1 2
AB
then find ( 1 .
1 a2+ bc a3
1 b2 +ca b3
1 c 2 +ab c 3
x+ y+ 2 z
z
z
2
2
2
= (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)( a +b +c )
x
y
y + z +2 x
y
x
z+ x +2 y
3
= 2 (x+ y+ z) .
31
152 x 113 x 7x
11
17
14
10
16
13
b 2 c 2 bc b+c
2 2
c a ca c+ a
2 2
a b ab a+b
a2
bc
c 2+ ac
2
2
a +ab
b
ac
2
ab
b + bc
c2
a
a+c ab
bc
b
b+a
c +b ca
c
a
a+b a+2 b
a+2 b
a
a+b
a+b a+2 b
a
x+ y
x
x
30. Prove that 5 x +4 y 4 x 2 x
10 x+8 y 8 x 3 x
32. If A=
x 2 1+ px 3
2
3
y 1+ py
z 2 1+ pz3
x
x
y
1 1 1
2 1 0
1 0 0
= 0.
2 2 2
=4 abc .
2
2
2
= (a+b+c) ( a +b + c )
2
= 9(a+ b) b .
3
= x .
2
2
1
,then find A and show that A = A .
33. Two schools A and B wants to award their selected students on the
values of sincerity, truthfulness and helpfulness. The school A wants to
award Rs.x each,Rs.y each and Rs.z each. For the three respective values
to 3,2 and 1 students respectively with a total award money at
Rs.1,600.School B wants to spend Rs.2,300 to award its 4,1 and 3
students with the respective values.(by giving the same amount of award
money to the three values as before).If the total amount of award for one
prize on each value is Rs.900,find the award money for each value .
34. Prove that:
2
2
2
+ + +
) ( ( ) ( + + )
32
a (b2 +c 2a2)
2b 3
2 c3
2a 3
b(c 2 +a2b2)
2 c3
2a 3
2b 3
c ( a2+ b2c2 )
CHAPTER TEST
2 3
abc(a +b +c )
TIME:
1 hrs
DETERMINANTS
33
MARKS: 50
PART- A (4x1=4)
1. For what value of x the matrix
5x x +1
2
4
is singular ?
2. Find k, if the area of triangle is 4 cubic units when the vertices are
(k,0),(4,0) and (0,2).
[ ]
1 2
3. If A= 4 2
4. Evaluate :
cos 15 sin 15
sin 75 cos 75
PART-B(7 4=28)
x+ 1 x+2
5. Show that x+ 2 x+3
x+ 3 x +4
x +a
x +b
x +c
a+b +2 c
a
b
c
b+ c+2 a
b
6. Prove that
c
a
c +a+2 b
3
= 2 (a+ b+c)
(a+b)
34
a
a+b a+2 b
a+2 b
a
a+b
a+b a+2 b
a
=9
x+ ax 2
xax 2
y
a a y 2
a z +az 2
9. Find the eqn. of line joining A(1,3) and B(0,0) using determinants and
find k if D(k,0) is a point such that area of ABD is 3sq.units.
10. If A=
11. If A
[ ]
1
1
1
x2
y2
z2
x
y
z
, B=
3
1 1
15 6 5
5
2 2
1 1 1
yz zx xy
x y z
, B=
1
2 2
1 3
0
0 2 1
1
then find ( AB)
PART-C(3 6=18)
12.A school wants to award its students for the values of
Honesty,Regularity and Hard work with a total cash award of Rs.6,000.
Three times the award money for hardwork added to that given for
honesty amounts to Rs.11,000.The award money given for honesty and
hardwork together is double the one given for regularity.Represent the
above situation algebraically and find the award money for each value
using matrix method.Apart from these values,suggest one more value
which the school must include for award.
35
13. If A =
2 3 5
3 2 4
1 1 2
1
Find A
and hence solve the following :
2x + 3y + z =11
-3x +2y -4z =4
5x - 4y 2z = -9
14.Prove that
a+ bx2 c+ dx 2
ax 2 +b cx 2+ d
u
v
p+qx 2
px2 +q
w
= ( x -1)
b d q
a c p
u v w
36
x a f (x)
x a+ f (x) ; LHL=lim
RHL=lim
lim
x a
f ( x )f (a)
xa
f ( x )f (a)
x a
f ( x )f ( a)
x a
; Rf ' (a)=lim
xa
Lf ' (a)=lim
x a+
dy
'
=u v + vu '
dx
dy '
'
=u vw+ v uw+w ' uv
dx
8. Quotient Rule :
dy v u' uv '
If y = u/v ,then dx = v 2
37
dy dy du
=
dx du dx
dy
dx
Y
xn
nxn-1
ax
ax log(a)
log e x
1
x
log a x
1
x log e a
sin x
cos x
cos x
sin x
tan x
sec x
cot x
cosec 2 x
sec x
sec x tan x
cosec x
cosec x cot x
sin x
1
1x 2
cos1 x
1
1x 2
tan 1 x
1
2
1+ x
cot 1 x
1
2
1+ x
sec x
1
x x 21
cosec 1 x
1
x x 21
ex
ex
38
9. Remark :
cos 2 x=
2 tan x
1+ tan 2 x
1tan 2 x
2
2
2
2
=cos xsin x=12 sin x=2 cos x1
2
1+ tan x
2 tan x
2
1tan x
tan
2 x =
3 x= 3 sin x 4 sin 3 x
sin
3 tan xtan 3 x
tan 3 x=
13 tan 2 x
log
(Product Rule)
(Quotient Rule)
(Power Rule)
39
13. Remark :
If y=f(x), then other notations for
dy
dx
d2 y
dx 2
d3 y
dx 3
y1
y
Dy
f(x)
y2
y
D2 y
f(x)
y3
y
D3y
f(x)
f ( c )=
f ( b )f ( a )
ba
f ' ( c )=0
kcosx
2 x if x
=3
if x =
is continuous at x =
2 .
2. Find the values of a and b such that the function f defined by f(x)=5 if
x2
=ax+b, if 2x10
=21
if x10
is continuous function.
41
tanx
d x
d y
d y
2
2
16.If X = a (cost +t sint) ; y = a ( sin t t cos t). Find dt , dt and dx 2
.
17. If x = sin t; y = sin pt, prove (1- x2) y2 xy1 +p2 y = 0.
18. If x = e
y
x-y
, prove
logx
dy
dx = (logxe)2 .
f(x) = x + 2x 1 at x = 1
42
(ii)
f(x) = |x| + |x 1| at x = 1
dy
dx
+ x2 +a 2 ), Find
23. Find
dy
dx
24. Find
dy
dx
if y = sinm x cosn x
25. Find
dy
dx
26. Find
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
dx
-1
1+ x 21
x
30. Find
dy
dx
x
y
if sin (xy) +
31. Find
dy
dx
if sec (x + y) = xy
w.r.t tan
-1
33. If y = e
, Prove
yx
dy
dx
= x2 - y
at t =
dy
dx x
dx
dy
=1
( 1+ log y )2
log y
43
dy
dx
sin (a+ x )
sin a
35. Using Rolles Theorem, find the point on the curve y = x (x 4), x [0,
4] where the tangent is parallel to x - axis
CHAPTER TEST
hrs
TIME: 1
1. If x = t ; y = t , Find
2
dy
dx
4. Find
dy
if y=cos1 sinx
dx
PART B (7 X 4 = 28)
5. Show that f(x) = 2x - |x| is continuous at x = 0
6. Show that f(x) = |x| is not differentiable at x = 0
2
2
7. Differentiate log (x + x +a ) w.r.t. x
8. If x = e
y
xy
, prove
dy
dx
9. If xm yn = (x + y)m + n, prove
x
1+log
log x
dy
dx
44
y
x
10. Find
dy
dx
t
2
} and y= a sin t
cos x
PART C (3 X 6 = 18)
12. If y = cosec -1 x, then show that x (x2 1) y2 + (2x2 1) y1 = 0
13. If y = ex (sinx + cosx), prove that y2 - 2y1 + 2y = 0
14. If x = sin (
1
a
6.APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
1.
dy
dx
value of x.
2. Let y = f(x) and let x be a small change in x and y be the
corresponding change in y. Then y =
dy
dx x approximately is called
f ( b )f ( a)
ba
5. The slope of a line in m = tan where in the angle which the line
makes with positive direction of x-axis.
6. Slope of a line having pairs (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is
y2 y1
x2 x1
m=
a
b
coefficient of x
coefficient of y .
dy
dx
1
m
1
m
(x x1).
dx
dy = 0.
dy
dx = 0.
1
Volume= 3 r2h ; CSA=rl ; TSA=r(l+r)
3
4
(side)2
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
1. A ladder 5m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is
pulled along the ground, away from the wall, at the rate of 2m / sec. how
48
fast is its height on the wall decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 4m
away from the wall
2. Water is leaking from a conical funnel at the rate of 5cm 3 / sec. if the
radius of the base of the funnel is 10cm and its height is 20cm, find the
rate at which the water level is drooping when it is 5cm from the top.
3. Find the points on the curve y = x3 at which the slope of the tangent is
equal to the
y-coordinates of the point.
4. Find the equation of the tangents to the curve 3x 2 - y2 = 8 which passes
through the point (4/3,0) .
5. Find the equation of the normal to the curve x 2 = 4y which passes
through the point (1,2). Also find the equation of the corresponding
tangent
6. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = 3 x2 which is
parallel to the line
4x-2y+5=0.
7. Find the equation of the tangent lines to the curve y = 4x 3 -3x+5which
are perpendicular to the line 9y+x+3 = 0.
8. Show that the curves x = y2 and xy = k cut orthogonally if 8k2 = 1 .
9. Find the intervals in which f(x) = 20-9x+6x2-x3 is increasing or decreasing.
10. Find the intervals in which f (x) = sinx +cosx, 0 x 2 is decreasing
or decreasing.
11. A window is in the form of rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. If the
perimeter of the window is 30m, find the dimensions of the window so
that the maximum possible light is admitted.
12. A wire of length 28m is to be cut into two pieces, one piece is bent into
a circle and other into a square. What should be the lengths of the pieces
so that the combined areas of the square and circle is minimum.
13. S.T. the right circular cone of least curved surface and the given
volume has an altitude equal to 2 times the radius of the base.
14. Show that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a
sphere of radius r is 8/27 of the volume of sphere.
15. S.T. a cylindrical vessel of given volume has the least surface area
when its height is twice its radius.
16. A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides, open at the top is
to be constructed so that its depth is 2m and volume is 8m 3. If building of
tank costs Rs. 70 per sq. meter for the base and Rs. 45 per sq. meter for
sides, what is the cost of least expensive tank ?
17. Find the approximate value of (1.999)5.
18. If the area of the circle increases at a uniform rate, then prove that
perimeter varies inversely on the radius.
19. Find the condition that the curves 2x=y2 and 2xy=k intersect
orthogonally.
49
20. Prove that the two curves xy=4 and x2+y2=8 touch each other.
21. Find the equation of the normal to the curve 3x2 - y2=8 which are
parallel to the line x+3y=4.
22. At what points on the curve x2+y2-2x-4y+1=0, the tangents are
parallel to y-axis?
23. At what point, the slope of the curve y= -x3+3x2+9x-27 is
maximum? Also, find the maximum slope.
24. Prove that f(x)= sinx+3 cosx has maximum value at x=/6.
25. A metal box with a square base and vertical sides is to contain
1024cm3. If the material for the top and the bottom costs Rs. 5 per cm 3
and the material for the sides costs Rs.2.50 per cm 3, find the least cost
of the box.
26. If the sum of the surface area of a cube and a sphere is constant,
what is the ratio of an edge of the cube to the diameter of the sphere
when the sum of their volumes is minimum?
27. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of perimeter 36cm which will
sweep out a volume as large as possible when revolved about one of
its sides. Also, find the maximum value.
28. If the sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of a right
angled triangle is given, then show that the area of the triangle is
maximum when the angle between them is /3.
29. Find the point on the curve y=
x
1+ x 2
50
CHAPTER TEST
TIME: 1 hr
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
MARKS: 50
PART A (4X1 = 4)
1. Find the maximum and minimum values, if any, without using
derivatives of f(x)= x+2 on R.
2. Find the point on the curve y=x2 - 2x +3, where the tangent is
parallel to x-axis.
3. Find the equation of normal to y=2x3 x2 +3 at (1,4).
4. Find the slope of the tangent and normal to
y= x 3
at x=4.
PART B (7x4=28)
5. The volume of a cube is increasing at a constant rate. Prove that the
increase in surface area varies inversely on the length of the edge of
the cube.
6. Use differentials to approximate the cube root of 127.
7. Find the points on the curve y= x3 - 2x2 x at which the tangent lines
are parallel to the line y=3x 2.
8. Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve x= 1 cos ; y=
sin at =/4.
9. Find the equation(s) of the tangent(s) to the curve y= x 3 +2x +6
which is perpendicular to the line x+14y+4 = 0.
10.
Find the intervals in which the function f(x)= 2x 3 -9x2 +12x+15
is
(i) increasing
(ii) decreasing.
11.
Find the local maxima and minima of f(x)=x 3 -6x2+ 9x -8.
PART C (3X6=18)
12.
Show that of all the rectangles inscribed in a given circle, the
square has the maximum area.
13.
Show that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed
in a sphere of radius R is 8/27 of the volume of the sphere.
14.
Prove that the radius of the right circular cylinder of greatest
curved surface which can be inscribed in a given cone is half that of
the cone.
51
7.INTEGRALS
Indefinite integrals
n +1
x
+ c , n 1
n+1
x n dx =
dx = x+ c
cos x dx=sin x +c
sin x dx=cos x+ c
sec
cosec
dx
1x 2
dx
=cos1 x+ c
2
1x
dx
=tan 1 x+ c
2
1+x
dx
1
=cot x +c
2
1+ x
dx
1
=sec x +c
2
x x 1
dx
=cosec1 x +c
2
x x 1
e x dx=e x
x dx=log x+c
x dx=tanx+c
2
dx=cotx+ c
1
= sin x + c
+c
52
a
+c
log a
a x d x=
dx
x a2
dx
a x 2
dx
x +a2
1
a+ x
log
2a
ax +
1 1 x
tan
a
a +
x + x 2a2
dx
=log )
x 2a 2
+c
dx
x
=sin 1
2
2
a
a x
+c
x + x +a
dx
=log )
a 2+ x 2
+c
1
xa
log
2a
x +a +
Integration By Parts
du
dx
vdx ( vdx)
uv dx=u
udv=uv vdu
ILATE
I - Inverse trigonometric function
L Logarithmic function
A Algebraic functions
T- Trigonometric functions
E Exponential functions
53
i.
x 2a2 dx
ii.
x 2+ a2 dx
iii.
a2 x2 dx
x 2 2 a
x a 2 log( x + x 2a2 )+c
2
x 2 2 a
x + a + 2 log( x+ x 2+ a2 )+ c
2
x 2 2 a2 1 x
a x + 2 sin a +c
2
Definite integrals
Definite integrals as the limit of a sum
b
1
[ f ( a )+ f ( a+h )+ f ( a+2 h ) ++ f ( a+ ( n1 ) h ) ]
= ( ba ) nlim
n
f ( x ) dx
a
ba
0 as n
n
OR
b
f ( x ) dx
Where
nh= b - a
f ( x ) dx= f ( t ) dt
a
f ( x ) dx= f ( x ) dx
a
f ( x ) dx+ f ( x ) dx
c
f ( x ) dx=
a
54
f ( x ) dx= f ( a+ bx ) dx
a
f ( x ) dx= f ( ax ) dx
0
a
2a
f ( x ) dx , if f ( 2 ax ) =f ( x ) ;
2a
f ( x ) dx=2
0
0 , if f ( 2 ax ) =f ( x )
= 0 ;
if f is an odd funtcion
55
INTEGRALS
dx
1.
sin6 x+cos6 x dx
2.
cosecx+cosx
dx
3.
dx
(1+xcosx
cos x)
0
x
dx
x
4.
2 (1+ 5 )
5.
x
dx
4
x ( 3+2)3
6.
x
dx
(1+cos
2
x)
0
7.
log ( 1+tanx ) dx
0
|x|+|x +2|+ x +5
8.
9.
(5+ 4dxcosx)
0
10.
(5+ 4dxsinx)
0
56
11.
xsinx
dx
(1+cos
2
x)
0
12.
( 2 logsinxlogsin 2 x ) dx
0
13.
2x
dx
2 cosxsin
2(1+sinx)
0
14.
(tanx+cotx )2 dx
0
x+ e2 x
( )dx
15.
as limit of a sum.
16.
( x 22 x+ 2 ) dx
17.
[ ( 2 x+ 3 ) 4 x 2+5 x +6 ] dx
18.
19.
+1
dx
(xx +1)
2
20.
e 2 x (sinx+2 cosx ) dx
21.
e ax cosbx dx
22.
x 2 tan1 x dx
23.
xlog (1+ x ) dx
24.
x sin1 x dx
25.
( x1 x) ( x 2+1) dx
26.
x( 1+ x e x ) dx
log ( logx )+
as limit of a sum.
1
dx
2
(logx)
(x+1)
57
secx
27.
(1+cosecx) dx
28.
(x 4 +3x x 2 +2) dx
29.
( x1 )( x +2 ) ( x3) dx
30.
1+tanx dx
31.
sinx (1+cosx) dx
32.
33.
34.
35.
sin 3 x d x
36.
2+3 cos2 x
dx
37.
sin ( x+ ) dx
38.
(sinx+sin 2 x)
39.
(a 2 cos 2 x +b 2 sin2 x)
(2 x1)
dx
(1+ sinx)
ex
dx
54 e x e 2 x
(2 x+ 3)
x 2 +4 x+1
dx
(cosx sinx)
dx
(5+sin 2 x)
sin x
sin ( x )
dx
xdx
40.
Evaluate:
sin1
0
( a+x x ) dx
41.
Evaluate:
( 3 x 25 ) dx
2
as a limit of a sum.
|x1|+|x 2|+ x4
42.
Evaluate:
58
43.
Evaluate:
logsinx dx
0
44.
Evaluate:
x +sinx
dx
(1+cosx)
0
45.
x 4 +1
x 2+ 1 dx
0
Evaluate:
46.
Evaluate:
1+ xsinx dx
0
47.
Evaluate:
48.
x+ 1 dx
x+tanx
dx
secx+
c osecx
0
a+ x
dx
ax
x2
dx
1+ x 3 /4
51.
dt
3 t2t
52.
3 x1
dx
x +9
53.
5-2x+x dx
54.
x
dx
1x 4
55.
(cos 5 x +cos 4 x)
dx
(12 cos 3 x)
sin6 x +cos 6 x
dx
sin xCos x
49.
50.
56.
/2
57.
tanx
dx
1+ m tan x
58.
x
0
SinxCosx dx
59.
(1+ x)dx 1x
0
59
x
dx
2
x x 12
60.
x
dx
( x +a )(x +b )
61.
62. 1+sin x dx
(2 x1)
63. ( x1 )( x +2 ) ( x3) dx
1
64.
log(1+2x) dx
65.
x
0
log Sinx dx
dx
67.
68.
dx
secxx tanx
cosecx
0
)dx
69.
log sinx dx
0
70.
cosx
sinx+ sinx
dx
CHAPTER TEST
INTEGRALS
60
TIME: 1.5hrs
MARKS: 50
PART-A ( 4x1=4 )
1)
Evaluate: xSecx dx
1
x (1x)
2)
Evaluate:
dx
3)
x
Evaluate: e (Cosx - Sinx) dx
4)
e
x
e
Evaluate: ( x + e + e ) dx
PART-B ( 7x4=28 )
3
5)
Evaluate:
( x2 + x )
dx as limit of sums
6)
7)
8)
cos
Evaluate:
Evaluate:
Evaluate:
x dx
x +1
x 4 +1
dx
x
( x +1)(x + 4) dx
9)
Evaluate: (3x 2) x+x+1 dx
2x
10) Evaluate: e
Sin3x dx
11) Evaluate:
PART-C ( 3x6=18 )
12) Evaluate: 5x+3/x+4x+10 dx
13) Evaluate: Sinx Sin2x Sin3x dx
14) Evaluate:
log(1+ Cosx)
0
dx
61
8.APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS
The Area of the region bounded by the curve
The Area of the region bounded by the curve y=f(x) and the lines
x=a; x=b and x-axis is
Given by
b
ydx
a
The Area of the region bounded by the curve x=g(y) and the lines
y=c; y=d and y-axis is
d
xdy
c
(f ( x )g(x ))dx
a
62
APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRALS
1. Prove that the curves y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y divide the area of the
square bounded x = 0,
x = 4, y = 0 and y = 4 into three equal
parts
2. Sketch the region bounded by the curve y = 5x 2 and y = x-1
and find its area
3. Find the area of the region {(x,y) :x + y 1
2
x+ y
2
16.
+
17.
x
a +
x2
a2
y
b = 1.
1x 2 , x [0,1]
and evaluate the area enclosed between the curve and the axis.
18.
Find the area enclosed by the circle x2 +y2 = r2
19.
Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the
parabola y2 = 4x and the circle 4x2 +4y2 = 9
20.
Find the area of the region included between the parabola 4y =
3x2 and the line
3x-2y +12 = 0
21.
Find the area of the region enclosed between the two curves
2
(x-6) + y2 and x2 + y2 = 36
22.
Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (1,3), (2,5) and
(3,4)
23.
x2
Find the area of the region: {(x,y): 9 +
y2
4
x
3 +
y
2 }
24.
Find the area of the region bounded by x2 = 4y and the line x =
4y-2
25.
Find the area of the region bounded by the 5x-2y-10 = 0; x +y
-9 =0; 2x-5y-4 = 0
26.
Find the area of the region bounded by the lines 3x-y-3 = 0; 2x
+ y-12 = ; x-2y-1= 0
27.
Using integration find the area bounded by the curves y =x1 and y= 3-x
28.
Using integration compute the area of the region enclosed by
the graph of
x2
9 +
y2
16
=1
29.
Using integration compute the area of the region bounded by
the curve x2 + y2 = 9
30.
Using the method of integration find the area bounded by the
curve x+y=1.
31.
Find the area of the region bounded by y2=9x and y=3x
32.
Find the area of the region bounded by y2=4x and x2=4y
33.
Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola x 2=y and
the line y=x+2
34.
Find the area of the region bounded by y x and y=x
35.
Find the area bounded by the curve y= sin x between x=0 and
x=2
64
36.
Find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose
vertices are (-1,1), (0,5) and (3,2) using integration
37.
Compute the area bounded by the lines x+2y=2 ; y-x=1 and
2x+y=7
38.
Find the area bounded by the lines y=4x+5, y=5-x and 4y=x+5
39.
Find the area of the region bounded by the curve x 2=4y and the
line x=4y-2
40.
Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by xaxis, the line y=x and the circle x2+y2=32
41.
Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y 2=x and
the straight line 2y=x
x2
y2
25 + 16 =1
42.
43.
44.
45.
parabola x =6y. Also find the area of the region using integration.
65
CHAPTER TEST
TIME: 1 hrs
APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS
MARKS: 50
PART A (4x1=4)
1. Find the
y=3
2. Find the
y2=16x
3. Find the
4. Find the
PART B (7x4=28)
5. Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola
6.
7.
8.
9.
=y and the
line y=x+2
Find the area of the circle x2+y2=a2 using integration
Find the area of the region included between the parabola y 2=x and
the line x+y=2
Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y 2=4x and the
line y=2x
Calculate the area of the region bounded by the parabola y 2=x and
x2=y
10.
x 2 y2
+
y 2 b 2 =1
11.
Find the area included between the parabola y2=4ax and
x2=4ay
PART C (3x6=18)
12.
Using interpretation, find the area of the region bounded by the
lines 3x-y=3, 2x+y=12, x-2y=1.
13.
Find the area of the region enclosed between the two curves
x2+y2=9 and (x-3)2+y2=9
14.
Sketch the common region to the circle x2+y2= 16 and the
parabola x2=6y. Also, find the area of the region using integration.
66
9.DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Order of a Differential Equation
Order of a differential equation is defined as the order of the highest
order derivative of the dependent variable with respect to the
independent variable involved in the given differential equation.
Degree of a Differential Equation
By the degree of a differential equation; when it is a polynomial
equation in derivatives, we mean the highest power (positive integral
index) of the highest order derivative involved in the given differential
equation.
Methods of solving First order, First Degree Differential
Equations.
I. Differential Equations With Variable Separable.
First order first degree differential equation is of the form
dy
=f (x , y)
dx
F( x , y)
dy
=f ( x , y )
dx
is said to be
zero .
To solve a homogeneous differential equation of the type
dy
=f (x , y)=g ( y , x )
dx
dy
dv
Substitute y=vx ; then , dx =v+ x dx
x, y
dx
=F )
dy
x, y
F ) is homogeneous function of degree zero , then
Substitute x=vy
and
dx
dv
=v + y
dy
dy
dy
dx + Py= Q where P and Q are
dy
+ y=sinx
dx
68
Pdx
To solve first find integrating factor (I.F) = e
and then
y (I . F)
{Q ( I . F)}dx +c
II. In case the first orders linear differential equation is in the form
P1 x
dy
dx +
only
then ,
P dy
I.F = e
and the solution of the differential equation is given by
1
x(I .F )
{Q1 (I . F)}dy +c
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
1. Find the particular solution of cos3y dx + xcosy dx = sinydy given that
when x=1, y=0.
2. Solve:
dy
2
dx +xcoty 2y + y coty; if x=0; y=2.
3. Solve: (1-x2)
dy
dx
69
dy
4. Solve: cosx dx +y=sinx if y=2,x=0
5. Solve:
dy
dx +ycotx=4xcosecx given x=
dy
6. Solve: xlogx dx +y =
7. Solve:
2
x
2 ,y = 0
logx
dy
dx +2y = sinx
dy
8. Solve: (1+x ) dx +y = tan-1x
2
9. Solve:
10.
dy
dx +ytanx = sinx
dy
12.
Solve:
dy
dx +2ytanx = sinx
13.
Solve:
dy
4x
dx 2y = x e
14.
dy
Solve: (1+x ) dx 2xy=(x2+2)(x2+1)
11.
y
x
x1
x
xe
dy
dx
dy
dx +
4 xy
2
x +1
x
( 2+1)2
1
15.
Solve:
=0
16.
17.
Solve: (1 x2) dx + xy = ax
18.
Find the equation of the curve passing through (2,1) if the slope of
dy
dy
x2 + y2
2 xy .
x
19.
ey
dx + (y 2x
e y )dy =
Solve: x dy ydx =
x2 + y 2 dx
70
22.
23.
24.
Solve: zx
25.
26.
dy
2
dx 2xy + y = 0 .
dy
27.
28.
dy
dx = x +2y.
Solve: (x y)
29.
Solve: find the particular solution of differential equation (x y) (dx
+ dy) = dx dy given that y = -1, if x = 0.
30.
Solve: 3extany dx + (2 ex) sec2y dy = 0 given that when x = 0, y =
4 .
31.
Solve: (1 + e2x) dy + ( 1 + y2) exdy + (1 + y2) ex dx = 0 given that y
= 1 when x = 0
32.
Solve:
1+ x 2 + y 2 + x 2 y 2
dy
+ xy dx = 0.
33.
Solve: (1 + y2) (1 + logx) dx +x dy = 0.
34.
From the differential equation of the family of parabolas having their
vertices on the origin and axis along positive direction of x-axis.
35.
Find the particular equation of the differential equation
(x dy y dx) y sin
( xy )
y
x
= (y dx + x dy) x cos
= 3.
dy
dx
2 xyx 2
2 xy + x 2 if y = 1 when x = 1.
36.
Solve
37.
Solve: (x3 + x2 + x + 1)
38.
39.
40.
Solve x log x
41.
y
Solve: (x cos x + y sin
( xy )
dy
2
dx = 2x + x.
dy
dx + y =
2
xlogx .
y
x ) y (y sin
y
y
x x cos x ) x
dy
dx = 0.
42.
From the differential equation representing the family of parabolas
having vectors at origin and axis along positive direction of x-axis.
71
43.
Find the differential equation of family of ellipses having foci on xaxis and centre oat origin.
44.
Find the differential equation of all circles in the first quadrant which
touch the coordinate axes.
45.
Solve: xy log
y
x
dx + [y2 x2log
( xy )
] dy = 0.
46.
From the D.E. of the family of all circles touching the x-axis at the
origin.
x
47.
Solve: y e y ) dx = (x e y ) + y) dy.
48.
49.
dy
1
Solve: ( 21) dx +2 xy = x 21
50. Solve:
ydxxdy=x y .
51. Solve:
dy
=1+ x + y 2 + x y 2
dx
3 dy
52. Solve: ( x+ 2 y ) dx = y
53. From the differential equations of all circles which passes through
origin and whose centre lies on y-axis.
54. Solve:
55. Solve:
x2
dy
=x 2+ xy + y 2
dx
y 2 dx+ ( x 2xy + y 2 ) dy =0
A x + B y =1
y+
dy
( xy )=x (sinx+logx)
dx
72
62. Solve:
dy
=cos ( x+ y )+ sin ( x + y )
dx
63. Solve:
dy
=3 y + sin2 x
dx
64. Solve:
dy
dx
y2
xy x 2
dy
dx
- y = tanx where x=
, y=0
CHAPTER TEST
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
TIME: 1 hr
MARKS: 50
PART A (4X1=4)
1. Find the number of arbitrary constant in the particular solution of
differential equation of third order?
73
cos
dy
dx
ysinx=1
3. Solve: dx = x
4. Write the differential equation
x 2 y 2=c 2
where c is an arbitrary
constant.
PART B (7X4=28)
y
2 dy
5. Solve: ( 2+3 x ) dx = x
dy
6. Solve: x log x dx =x
7. Solve:
(x+ 2 y )
dy
+ y=2 log x
dx
2 dy
1
8. Solve: ( 1+ x ) dx + y=tan x
2
9. Solve: ( 1+x ) dy+2 xydx=cotxdx
10. Solve:
dy
+ y sec x=tanx
dx
2
11. Solve: x dy + y ( x+ y ) dx=0
PART C (3X6=18)
3
2
3
2
12. Solve: ( x 3 x y ) dx=( y 3 x y ) dy
2
2
13. Solve: ( 3 xy + y ) dx+ ( x + xy ) dy=0
14. Solve: 2 y e
x
y
x
y
dx+ ( y2 x e ) dy=0
74
10.VECTOR ALGEBRA
Vector: A quantity that has magnitude as well as direction is called a
vector AB or vector a
The point A from where the vector AB starts is called its initial point
and the point b where it ends is called its terminal point. The distance
between initial and terminal point of a vector is called the magnitude (or
length)of the vector denoted as
AB
or
or a.
OP
^
^
^
=x i +y j +z k
x2 + y 2 + z 2
The scalar components of a vector are its direction ratio, and represent its
projections along the respective axes.
The magnitude (r ), direction ratios (a , b , c) and direction cosines
(l ,m , n)
a
b
c
l= ,m= , n= .
r
r
r
Types of a vector
Zero VectorA vector whose initial and terminal points coincide, is
denoted by a^ .
is
= b
as AB = - BA
= a +( b + c )
+ 0 = 0 + a = a
The zero vector 0 is called the additive identity for the vector
addition.
Multiplication Of A Vector By A Scalar
Let a be a given vector and a scalar, then the product of the
vector a by the scalar , denoted as a , is called the
multiplication of a vector a by the scalar
76
Also a
^ 2 ^j +a3 k^
a1 i+a
and
^ 2 ^j +b3 k^
b1 i+b
respectively
^
^
^
= ( a1 b1 ) i+ ( a2b 2 ) j+(a3b 3) k
The vectors
and b
a1=b1
are equal if
a2=b2
and a3 =b3
The multiplication of vector a
by
by a scalar is given
^
^
^
= a1 i + a2 j + a3 k
a . If the vectors
and
a2
b2 =
a3
b3 =
^
^
^
a
a
a
If a =a1 i+a2 j +a3 k , then 1 , 2 , 3 are called as
direction ratios
^
l i
x, y
SECTION FORMULA
respectively with respect to the origin O. Then the line segment joining
the point P and Q may be divided by a third point, say R, in two ways
internally and externally.
(I)Internally: The position vector of the point R which divides P and Q
internally in the ratio m:n is given by
m b + n a
m+ n
= m bn a
mn
= a + b
2
is defined as
a . b
= | a || b | cos
NOTE
1. a . b is a real number.
78
. a = | a
4. If = then a . b = a b
^ ^ ^
5. For mutually perpendicular unit vector i, j , k
^
^ i=
^ ^
i.
j . ^j= k^. k=1
^
i^ .^j= ^j .^k=k^. i=0
11.
The scalar
product is commutative b . a = a . b
a .( b
+ c ) =
a . b
+ a . c
Property 2: Let a and b be any two vectors, and be any scalar then
( a ) . b= ( a . b )=a .( b )
and
^ 2 ^j +a3 k^
a1 i+a
^ 2 ^j +b3 k^
b1 i+b
3
= =
If
2
2 , then the projection vector of
vector.
79
AB
will be zero
n^
n^
n^
case,we define
a b =0
Observations:
a b is
a vector.
i.e.,
If
a a=0
a b =0 a
|| b
, also, a (a ) =0
then a b = | a || b |
^ ^ ^
For mutually perpendicular unit vector i, j , k
^ i^ , k^ i=
^ ^j= k^ , ^j k=
^ ^j
i
^ i=
^ ^j ^j=k^ k^ =0
i
a b
=
sin
a b
is given by
1
a b
2
80
If a and b represent the adjacent sides of a parallelogram then
its area is a b
^ 2 ^j +a3 k^
a1 i+a
^ 2 ^j +b3 k^
b1 i+b
and
respectively
| |
i^ ^j k^
a1 a2 a 3
a b=
b1 b2 b 3
VECTOR ALGEBRA
1. If the vector a i + j + k, i+ b j + k and i + j + c k are coplanar (a,b,c
1), then prove that
1
1a +
2. Prove:
1
1b
a
c
b+
c
a .
1
1c
= 1.
= [a b c ]
3. Prove: [ a + b , b + c , c + a ] = 2 [a b c ]
4. Prove:[ a b , bc , c a ] = 0.
81
a
sinA =
5. Prove:
b
sinB =
c
sinC
a c = b and | a c |= 3.
8. If a b = c d ; a c = b d ; then show that
a d
is parallel to
b c .
,
a
b , c ,find the value of
c
b + +
a
b (c +a )
c ( a + b) .
10.
11.
a,
b , c arethree vectors such that a + b +c = 0 and a
= 3;
If
b
= 5; c = 7 then find the angle between a
12.
and b .
If i + j + k, 2i + 5j, 3i + 2j 3k and i 6j k are P.V of A,B,C,D
AB
AB and
CD . Write
14.
If a and b are unit vectors and is angle between them, then
prove cos 2 =
15.
1
a + b .
2
Find the P.V. of a point R which divides the line joining two points
17.
82
18.
a,
b , c are three vectors such that a
= 5 ; b
If
= 12 ; c
20.
If a = 2i 3j + 4k, b = i + 2j 3k and c = 3i + 4k k, then
21.
Prove: [ b c , c a , a b ] = [a b c ] 2.
22.
Find for which the vectors -4i 6j 2k, -i + 4j +3k, -8i j + k
are coplanar.
23.
If a + b +c = 0 ; a = 3; b = 5; c =7. Show that the
25.
If a , b and c are three vectors such that a = 3; b = 4;
c =5 and each one of them is perpendicular to the sum of the other
two. Find a + b +c .
26.
= 3i + 2j + 2k and b = i + 2j 2k
27.
The dot product of a vectors with the vectors i 3k, i -2k and i + j
+ 4k are 0,5 and 8 respectively. Find the vector.
28.
If a = i + j + k, b = 4i -2j +3k and c = i 2j +k, find a vector
^
and 4 + 3 k .
x b = b x c = c x a
31.
If
32.
^
If A,B,C,D are points with position vector - + k
^
2 -3 k
and
^
3 -2 + k
^
, 2 - +3 k
along CD.
33.
Using vectors, find the area of triangle with vertices A(1,2,3) ,B(2,1,4) and C(4,5,-1)
83
34.
^
If a = - + k
, b =- k
x c = b and a . c =3.
35.
38.
If a,b,c are unit vectors such that a . b = a . c =0 and the
39.
^
If =3 +4 +5 k
the form of
and
^
=2 + -4 k , then express in
= + where
is parallel to
and
is
perpendicular to
40.
^
^
Dot product of a vector with + -3 k , +3 -2 k
k^ are 0,5 and 8 respectively. Find the vector.
84
and 2 + +4
CHAPTER TEST
TIME: 1 hrs
VECTOR ALGEBRA
MARKS: 50
PART A (4x1=4)
1. Evaluate :
^ ^j ^j+ k^ k^ + i^ ]
[ i+
^
^ ^
2. Find the value of .( k)+ .( k )+ k .( )
and
+ k^
4. Find the angle between the two vectors a and b with magnitude 1 and
PART B (7X4=28)
5. Simplify [ab , b c , c a ]
^
6. The two adjacent sides of parallelogram are 2 4 +5 k
2 3 k^
and
. Find the unit vector parallel to one of its diagonal. Also, find its
area.
7. Using vector , find the area of the triangle with vertices A(2,3,5) ,
B(3,5,8) , C(2,7,8)
^
8. If a = + + k
a b =c
a . b=3
9. If a + b + c =0 , prove a x b = b x c = c x a
11. If a x b = c x d
c ) are parallel.
PART C (3X6=18)
85
12. If a , b , c are position vectors of A,B,C of ABC, show that the area
, b , c to be collinear.
^
13. Express 2 + 3 k as the sum of a vector parallel and a vector
^
perpendicular to 2 + 4 2 k
^
14. If and b are unit vectors inclined at an angle then prove:
^
(i) cos /2 = + b
^
^
(ii) tan /2= - b / + b
The C.E of a straight line passing through a fixed point (x 1,y1,z1) and
having direction ratios proportional to a,b,c is given by
xx 1 y y 1 zz 1
=
=
a
b
c
x , y and z
x axis :
x0 y0 z0
=
=
y=0 , z=0
1
0
0
y axis:
x0 y0 z 0
=
=
x=0 , z=0
0
1
0
86
z axis :
x0 y0 z0
=
=
x=0 , y=0
0
0
1
The V.E of a line passing through the points with position vector a and
b is
r =a + ( ba)
xx 1 y y 1 zz 1
=
=
x 2x 1 y 2 y 1 z 2z 1
a1
r
=
+ b1
and r = a2 + b2
Then the angle between the given lines is:
b2
b2
1
cos
b1 .
xx 1 y y 1 z z1
=
=
a1
b1
c1
In Cartesian for
xx 2 y y 2 zz 2
=
=
a2
b2
c 2 , then
cos =
a1 b1 +b 1 b 2+ c1 c 2
2
1
+b 1 + c1
2
1
+ b1 + c 1
a2
b2 =
a3
b3
87
r1
= a1 + b1 and lines r2 = a2 + b2
is parallel to b1 b 2 so the vector equation is
= + ( b1 b 2 )
Perpendicular distance of a line from a point.
r
xx 1 y y 1 z z1
=
=
a1
b1
c 1 be on a given
line.
Let L be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from P( , , on the line
xx 1 y y 1 z z1
=
=
a1
b1
c1
Distance formula:
x 2x 1
y 2 y 1
PQ=
z 2z 1
b1
b2
b1
a2
a1 ) .(
b1
b2 ) for the lines: r1 = a1 +
S.D= | (
& r1 = a2 + b2
Plane:
Equation of a plane in General form:
ax +by +cz=d
a( x x1 )+ b( y y 1)+c ( zz 1 )+ d=0
x x1
x 2x 1
x 3x 1
y y 1 zz 1
y 2 y 1 z 2z 1
y 3 y 1 z 3z 1
=0
Intercept form:
x y z
+ + =0
a b c
0,b ,0
(0,0, c) .
(a , 0,0), ) and
. n^ =d
n2
n
n1 . 2
cos
=
|
n1
a 1 b1 +b 1 b 2+ c1 c 2
2
1
89
. n
=0
a1
Condition for parallelism b1
a2
b2 =
a3
b3
a x 1 +b y 1 +c z1 +d
a2 +b 2+ c 2
ax +by +cz +d =0
and point be ( x 1 , y 1 , z 1
r = a + b
n^ =d then sin
n
n
= b |
b.
6. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the points (1, 2,
3) and parallel to the planes r .(i j + 2k) = 5 and r .(3i + j +k) =
6.
7. Find the vector equation of the plane through the points (2, 1, -1)
and (-1, 3, 4) and perpendicular to the plane x 2y + z =10.
8. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the three
points with position vectors i + j + 2k, 2i j + k and i + 2j + k. Also
find the coordinates of the point of intersection of this plane and the
line r = 3i j k + (2i 2j + k).
9. S.T. of the lines
x +1
3 =
y 3
=
2
z +2
1
and
x
1
y 7
3
z +7
2 are
coplanar. Also find the equation of the plane containing these lines.
10.
Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular and the
perpendicular distance from the point P (3, 2, 1) to the plane 2x y
+ z + 1 =0.
11.
Find the image of the point having position vector i + 3j + 4k in
the plane r .(2i j + k).
12.
Find the distance of the point A ( -2, 3, -4) from the line
2 y +3
=
4
13.
x +2
3 =
3 z +4
.
5
the line
PQ
= 1.
14.
Find the coordinates of the point where the line through (3, -4,
-5) and (2, 2, 1), (3, 0, 1) and (4, -1, 0).
15.
Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular and the
length of the perpendicular drawn from the point P (5, 4, 2) to the
line r = (-i + 3j + k) + (2i + 3j k). also find the image of P in this
line.
16.
Find the distance of the point (-1, -5, -10) from the point of
intersection of the line
the plane r . (i - j + k) = 5.
17.
18.
Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of
intersection of the planes
2x y = 0 and 3z y = 0 and
perpendicular to the plane 4x + 5y 3z = 8.
19.
Find the length and foot of the perpendicular from the point (1,
3
2 , 2) to the plane
20.
2x 2y + 4z + 5 = 0.
Find the distance of the point (1, -2, 3) from the plane x y +z
y
3 =
z
6 .
22.
x
2
x +2
2
x
1 +
y 1
=
2
z2
3 . Also write the equation of the line joining the given points
and its image. Also find the length of the segment joining the given
point and its image.
23.find the equation of the plane through the points (2,1,0), (3,-2,-2) and (3,1,7).
24.Find the equation of the line passing the point (3,0,1) and parallel to the plane x+2y=0
and 3y-z=0.
25.Find the equation of the plane through the points (2,1,-1) and (-1,3,4) and
perpendicular to the plane x-2y+42=10.
26.Find the shortcut distance between the lines r =(8+3x)i-(9+16x)j+(10+7x)k and r
=(15i+29j+5k)+(3i+8j-5k).
27.Find the equation of the plane which is perpendicular to the plane 5x+3y+6z+8=0 and
which contains the line of intersection of the plane x+2y+3z-4=0 and 2x+y-z+5=0.
28.Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes
r .(i+3j)-6=0 and r .(3i-j-4k)=0 whose perpendicular distance from the origin is
unit.
29.Find the length and foot of the perpendicular from the point (1, 3/2, 2) to the plane
2x-2y+4z+5=0.
30.Find the image of the point (3,-2,1) in the plane 3x-y+4z=2.
31.Find the coordinates of the point where the line through the points (3,-4,-5) and
(2,-3,1) crosses the plane 2x+y+z=0?
32.Find the equation of the plane determined by the points A(3,-1,2), B(5,2,4)and
C(-1,-1,6) and hence find the distance between the plane and the point P(6,5,9).
92
33. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point
to the planes 3x+2y-3z=1 and 5x- 4y+z=5.
34. Find the image of the point (1,6,3) in the line x/1=y-1/2=z-2/3. Also write the equation
of the line joining the given point and its image and find the length of the segment joining
the given point and its image.
35. Find the vector and Cartesian equation of the plane which bisects the line joining the
points (3,-2,1) and (1,4,-3) at right angles
93
CHAPTER TEST
THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
TIME: 1 hr
MARKS: 50
PART- A [4x1=4]
1. Write the equation of the plane parallel to XOY plane and passing through the point
( 2,-3,5 ).
2. Find the angle between the planes 2x-y+z=4 and x+y+2z=3.
3. Find the Cartesian equation of the plane r .(12i-3j+4k)+5=0.
4. Write the equation of the plane whose i
5. ntercepts are -4,2&3.
Part B (7x4=28)
6. Find the image of the point having position value i+3j+4k in the plane
r .(2i-j+k)+3=0.
7. Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes
Part C (3x6=18)
12. Show that the four points (0,-1,-1), (-4,4,4,), (4,5,1) and (3,9,4) are coplanar.
13. Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point 2i-j+5k to the line r =(11i-2j8k)+x(10i-4j-11k). Also, find the length of the perpendicular.
14. Find the vector equation of the plane that contains the lines r =(i+j)+x(i+2j-k) and r
=(i+j)+y(-i+j-2k). Also, find the length of the perpendicular drawn from the points (2,1,4) to
the plane thus obtained.
94
95
96
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
1. A producer has 30 and 17 units of labour and capital respectively
which he can use to produce two goods X and Y. to produce one
unit of x, 2 2 units of labour and 3 units of capital are required.
Similarly 3 units of capital and one unit of labour are required to
produce one unit of Y. if X and Y are priced at Rs. 100 and Rs. 120
per unit respectively, how should the producer use his resources
to maximize the total revenue. Set up the linear programming and
solve it graphically.
2. A dealer deals in two items only. Item A and item B. he had Rs.
50,000 to invest and a space to store at most 60 items. An item A
costs Rs. 2500 and an item B costs Rs. 500. A net profit to him on
item A is Rs. 500 and on item B is Rs. 150. If he can sell all the
items that he purchases, how should he invest his amount to have
maximum profit ?formulate an L.P.P and solve it graphically.
3. A dietician wants to develop a special diet using two foods X and
Y. Each packet(contains 30 g) of food X contains 12 units of
calcius,4 unit of iron,6 units of cholesterol and 6 units of Vitamin
A. Each packet of the same quantity of food Y contains 3 units of
calcium,20 units of Iron,,4 units of cholesterol and 3 units of
vitamin A. The diet requires atleast 240 units of Calcium, atleast
460 units of iron and at most 300 units of cholesterol. Make an
L.P.P to find How many packets of each food should be used to
minimize the amount of vitamin A on the Diet and solve it
graphically.
4. Rajiv has two courses to prepare for final examination. Each hour
of study, he devotes to Course A is expected to return Rs.600 in
terms of long range job benefits. Each hour devoted to course B
is expected to return Rs.300 in terms of long range job benefits.
The stores are closed and rajiv has only 15 chewing gums. He
finds that he consumes one chewing gum every 20 minutes while
studying course B and every 12 minutes while studying course A.
Time is running short only four hours are left to prepare. Rajiv
feels that he must devote atleast two hours to study. Using L.P.P
97
M1
M2
From/To
A
B
C
P1
P2
5
4
4
2
3
5
How many packets from each factory be transported to each
agency so that the sort of transportation is minimum? Also find
minimum cost.
13. Solve by graphically:
99
Minimize Z = x+5y
Subject to constrains: x+y5
2x-5y1
x2
x,y0
x+y10
x,y0
19. Maximize Z= 8x/100+10y/100
Constrains: x+y12000
x2000
x,y0
20. If a young man drives his vehicle at 25 kmph, he has to spend
Rs. 2/km on petrol. If he drives it at a faster speed of 40kmph, the
petrol cost increases to
Rs. 5/km. He has Rs. 100 to spend on petrol and travel within 1
hr. Express this as an LPP and solve the same.
CHAPTER TEST
1 hrs
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
MARKS: 50
PART- A (4x1=4)
101
TIME:
18x360, 6x+9y360
9. Minimize Z=1000x+600y
Subject to constraints,
x+y200
x20
y - 4x0,
x ,y o
10.Maximize Z= 4x+6y
Subject to constraints,
102
, x,y0
3x+6y80
4x+3y100
x,y0
11. A small firm manufactures gold rings chains. The total; no. of rings and
chains manufactured per day is almost 24. It takes 1hr to make a ring and
30 minutes to make a chain. The maximum no. of firms available per day is
16. If the profit on a ring is Rs300 and that on a chain is Rs190. Find the no.
of rings and chains that should be manufactured per day, so as to earn the
maximum profit. Make it as a L.P.P and solve it graphically.
From/ To
D
E
F
A
7
6
3
B
3
4
2
103
Assuming that the transportation cost of 10L of oil is rs1/km, how should
the delivery be scheduled in order that the transportation cost is minimize?
What is the maximize cost?
( FE )
( FE )
is given by ,
( P( E F))
provided
P(F)
P( F) 0.
( FS )=P ( FF )=1
PROPERTY 2
If A and B are any two events of a sample space S and F is an event of S
such that P ( F ) 0., then
P
( A F B )=P ( AF )+ P ( BF )P ( A F B )
( A F B )=P ( AF )+ P ( BF )
PROPERTY 3
104
'
( ) = 1-P ( FE )
E
F
P( F). P
( EF )
( FE )
provided P( E) 0P( F) 0
Independent Events
E and F are two such events such that the probability of occurrence of one
of them is not affected by occurrence of the other. Such events are called
independent events.
( FE )=P(E)
provided P( F) 0
( FE )=P(F)
provided P( E) 0
( FE )
Bayes Theorem
Partition of a sample space
A set of events E1 , E 2 , En is said to represent a partition of the sample
space S if
(a) Ei E j = ; i j ; i, j=1,2,3 ., n
105
(b) E1 E 2 . En=S
(c P( E i)>0 for all i=1,2,3,4, , n
i.e the events E1 , E 2 , En represents a partition of the sample space S if
they are pair wise disjoint exhaustive and have non-zero probabilities.
Theorem Of Total Probability
Let { E1 , E 2 , En } be a partition of the sample space S and suppose that
each of the events E1 , E 2 , En has non-zero probability of occurrence. Let
A be any event associated with S then,
P( A)=P(E 1) . P
( EA )+ P(E ). P ( EA )+ ..+ P (E ). P ( EA )
2
= P( E j ).P(A/ E j ) ; where
Bayes Theorem
If E1 , E 2 , En are n non-empty events which constitute a partition of
sample space S i.e E1 , E 2 , En are pair wise disjoint and
E1 E 2
. En
Ei
A
=P( Ei ). P
A
Ei
( )
( )
P( E j) . P (A / E j)
106
x1 , x2 , xn
X
P ) :
Where
P 1 , P2 , P n
pi>0, p i=1; i=1,2,3, , n
X and
i=1,2,3, , n
) is the probability of the random variable
Pi
x1 , x2, xn
occur with
E( X)== xi Pi=x 1 P1 + x 2 P2 ++ x n Pn
107
x = var ( x )
2
2
Also , Var (x)=E (x ){ E ( x ) }
i)
ii)
iii)
P( x)
and is
given by
P( x)= n C x . q nx p x , x=0, 1, 2,3 n
(q=1 p) .
distribution.
A binomial distribution with n-Bernoulli trials and probability of
success in each trial and probability of success in each trial as P is
denoted by B (n , p) .
108
PROBABILITY
1. If A speaks truth in 60% cases and B in 90% cases. In what percent of
cases are they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact?
2. A problem in Mathematics is given to three students whose
1
11. Find the minimum number of tosses of a pair of dice so that the
probability of getting the sum of the Digits on the dice equal to 7
on atleast one toss is greater than 0.95?
12. A pair of dice is thrown 5 times. If getting a doublet is
considered a success. Find the probability of 2 Success.
13. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards
of the pack, two cards are drawn at random and both are found to
be spade. Find the probability of the lost card being a spade?
14. A pure contains 2 silver and 4 copper coins. A second purse
contains 4 silver and 3 copper coins. If a coin is pulled at random
from one of the two purses, what is the probability that it is a
silver coin?
15. A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die
and reports that it is a six. Find the probability that it is actually a
Six?
16. In a hurdle race, a player has to cross 10 hurdles. The
probability that he will cross each hurdles successfully is 5/6.
What is the probability that he will knock down fewer than 2
hurdles?
17. Bag I Contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red
and 5 black balls. Two balls are transferred at random from Bag I
to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from BagII. The ball so drawn is
found to be red in colour . Find the probability that both the
transferred balls were black.
18.Two cards are drawn simultaneously (or successively without
replacement) from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the mean
variance and standard deviation of the number of aces.
19.A bag contains 4 red and 4 black balls. Another bag contains 2
red and 6 black balls. One of the bags is selected at random and a
ball is drawn from the bag which is found to be red. Find the
probability that the ball is drawn from the first bag
20.A bag contains 4 balls. Two balls are drawn at random and are
found to be white. What is the probability that all balls are white?
110
0
1/6
2
3/10
3
1/30
( AB )
112
36. A bag contains 30 bolts and 40 nuts. Half of the bolts and half of the
nuts are rusted. If 2 items are drawn at random , what is the probability
that either both are rusted or both are bolts.
37. 12 cards numbered 1 to 12 are placed in the box mixed up thoroughly
and then a card is drawn at random from the box , if it is known that the
number on the drawn card is more than 3. Find the probability that it is
even no.
38. Five defective pens are accidently mixed with 20 good ones .if 4 pens
are drawn at random from this lot . find the probability distribution of the
no. of defective pens.
39. A coin is biased so that head is 3 times likely to occur as tail .if the
coin is tossed twice find the probability distribution and expectation of no.
of tails .
40. A pair of dice is thrown 4 times. If getting a doublet is considered
success, find the probability distribution and hence find its mean and
variance.
41. In a group of 50 students in a camp , 30 are well trained in first aid
techniques while the remaining are well trained in hospitality but not in
first aid . Two scouts are selected at random from one group. Find the
probability distribution of no. selected scouts who are well trained in first
aid. Find the no. of distribution also.
42.Two cards are drawn successively without replacement from a well
shuffled packof 52 cards. Find the mean and variance of the number of
red cards.
43. A doctor claims that 60% of the Patients he examines are suffering
from fever. What is the probability that
i) exactly 3 of his next patients are suffering from fever
ii) none of his next 4 patients are suffering from fever
44. A drunk man takes a step forward with probability 0.4 and backwards
with probability 0.6. find the probability that the end of 11 steps, he is just
one step away from a starting point.
45. An experiment succeeds thrice as often it fails, find the probability
that in the next five trails there will be atleast three success.
113
46. 3 bags A,B,C contains 6 red , 4 black; 4 red , six black; and 5 red, 5
black respectively. One of the bag is selected at random and a ball is
drawn from it. If the ball drawn is red, find the probability that it is drawn
from bag A.
47. A certain college, 40% of boys and 1% of girls are taller than 1.75mts.
Further more 60% of students in the college of girls. A student is selected
at random and is found to be taller than 1.75 mts.Find the probability that
the selected student is a girl.
48. In answering a question on multiple choice test a student either
knows the answer or guess. Let 3/5 be the probability that he knows the
answer and 2/5 be he guess. Assuming that a student who guess the
answer will be correct with probability 1/3. What is the probability that the
student knows the answer, given that he answered correctly.
49. Two groups are competing for the position on the board of directors of
a corporation. The probabilities that the first and second group will win
are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively. Further if the first group wins the probability
of introducing a new product is 0.7 and corresponding probability is 0.3, if
second group wins. Find the probability that the new product was
introduced by second group.
50. The probability that A hits a target is 1/3 and the probability that B
hits is 2/5. If each one of A & B shoots at the target, what is the
probability:
i) The target is hit
ii) Exactly one of them hits the target.
114
CHAPTER TEST
hrs
PROBABILITY
TIME: 1
MARKS: 50
PART A (4x1=4)
1. Two independent events A and B are given such that p(A)=0.3 and
p(B)=0.6. find p(A and not B).
2. If X has a binomial distribution B(4,1/3). Write P(x=1).
3. A pair of coin and unbiased die are tossed. Let A be the event head
appears on the coin and B be the event 3 on the die. Check
whether A and B are independent events or not.
4. A four digit number is formed by using the digits 1,2,3,5 with no
repetation .find the probability that the number is divisible by 5.
PART- B (7x4=28)
5. A random variable X has the following p.d
X : 0
1 2
P(X): 0 K 2K 3K 3K K2 2k2
7
7k2 +k
6. How many times must a man toss a fair coin so that the probability
of having at least
one head in more than 80%.
7. There are 3 urns A,B and C. Urn A contains 4 white and 3 black. Urn
c contains and
4 black. One ball is drawn from of these urns. What is the
probability that out of these
three balls drawn , two are white and one is black.
8. The probability of two students A and B coming to the school are in
time 3/7 and 5/7
respectively. Assuming that the events A coming in time and B
coming in time
are independent. Find the probability of only one of them coming
to the school in time.
9. A pair of dice is thrown 4 times. If getting a doublet is considered a
success. Find the
115
A bag is chosen at random and two balls are drawn from it. They happen
to be white and red. What is the probability that they came from bag III?
13. From a lot of 30 bulbs which includes 6 defectives a sample of 4 bulbs
is drawn at random with replacement. Find and variance of the no. of
effective bulbs.
14. A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and
reports that is a six. Find the probability that is actually a six.
116
2. 1 = 180
Radian
3. 1 Radian =
180
2
2
4. sin + cos = 1
2
2
5. 1+t an = sec
2
2
6. 1+cot = cosec
1
7. cosec= sin
1
8. sec= cos
1
9. cot= tan
cos
10. cot= sin
11.
12.
tan =
sin
cos
II
(S)
(A)
117
sin cosec
All Positive
III (T)
IV(C)
13. Ratios of ( )
sin ( )=sin cosec ( )=cosec
cos ( )=+ cos sec ( )=+ sec
tan ( )=tan cot ( ) =cot
tanA +tanB
1tanA tanB
tan ( AB )=
tanA tanB
1+ tanA tanB
118
cot ( A + B )=
cotA cotB1
cotA +cotB
cot ( AB ) =
cotA cotB+1
cotA cotB
2
2
ii) sin ( A + B ) sin ( AB )=sin A sin B
iii)
(C+ D)
(C+ D)
cos
2
2
(C+ D)
(CD)
sin
2
2
(C+ D)
(CD)
cos
2
2
cosCcosD=2 sin
(C+ D)
( CD)
sin
2
2
2 tanA
1+ tan 2 A
119
17.
tan 2 A=
18.
1tan2 A
1+ tan2 A
2 tanA
1tan 2 A
A
A
A
2
19. sinA=2 sin 2 cos 2 =
A
1+ tan 2
2
2 tan
A
A
A
A
A
2
cosA=cos2 sin 2 =12 sin2 =2cos 2 1=
2
2
2
2
A
1+ tan 2
2
1tan 2
20.
A
2
21. tanA=
A
1tan 2
2
2 tan
1+cos 2 A
2
22. cos A=
2
sin A=
1cos 2 A
2
1+cos 2 A=2 cos 2 A
23.
1+cos=2 cos2
1cosA =2 sin 2
120
24. sin 2 =
1cos
2
1+cos
cos =
2
2
1cos
tan =
2
1+ cos
3
25. sin 3 A=3 sinA4 sin A
3
n(n1)
2
2
12+ 22+3 2+ ..+ (n1) =
n ( n1 ) (2 n1)
6
3
3
3
3
1 + 2 + 3 + ..+ (n1) =
n (n1)
4
29. n !=n ( n1 ) !
121
n Pr=
n!
( nr ) !
n Cr =
n!
r ! ( nr ) !
30. In a A.P
S
n=
t n=a+(n 1) d
n
[ 2 a+( n1) d ]
2
n
n= (a +l)
2
t n=ar (n1 )
31. In a G.P
S
n=
a (r n1)
r1
n=
a (1r )
1r
S n=na
, if r >1
, if r <1
, if r=1
a
32. The slope of ax+by+c=0 is m= b
33. If (
x1 , y1
), (
x2 , y2
y2 y1
x2 x1
y y 1
xx 1
122
y2 y1
x2 x1
a x1 +b y 1 +c
( a2 +b 2 )
|
x1
+b
y1
+c is
c
(a +b 2)
2
c2
is equal to
| |
C 1C 2
( a2 +b2 )
2
2
+ ( yk ) =r
2
2
+ ( y ) =r
y =4 ax
y 2=4 ax
C) Upward Parabola
x 2=4 ay
D) Downward Parabola
x 2=4 ay
42. ELLIPSE
A) The equation of ellipse where major axis is on X-axis is
x2
a2
y2
+ b2
x
b2
y
+ a2
123
=1
=1
( z z ) +( y y ) + ( x x )
2
D=
44.
x na n
xa
lim
na
lim sin x
45.
x 0
(n1 )
= na
lim tan x
=1= x 0
x
lim a x 1
46.
47.
x 0
=log a
x
lim log
x 0
48. lim
x 0
1+ x
=1
x
e x 1
=1
x
'
49. f ( x )=lim
h0
'
f ( a ) =lim
F ( x +h )F ( x )
h
h0
F ( a+h )F (a)
h
50.
Verbal Description
Notation
Not A
A or B
A B
A and B
A B
A but not B
A B
Neither A nor B
A B
At least one of A, B or C
A B C
( A B ) (A B)
A B C
C
A B
124
A B=
A 1 A 2 A3 .. A n=S
53. P ( A) = 1P ( A )
54. If A and B are any two events then,
55. If A and B are disjoint events, then
P ( A B )=P ( A ) + P ( B )P( A B)
P ( A B )=P ( A ) + P( B)
56. P ( A B C )=P ( A ) + P ( B ) + P ( C )P ( A B )P ( B C )P ( C A ) + P ( A BC )
UNITWISE
UNIT
S
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
MARKS
DISTRIBUTION
(BY CBSE)
NAME OF UNITS
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
(FUNCTIONAL ALGEBRA)
ALGEBRA
ALCULUS (DIFFERENTIAL AND
INTEGRAL)
VECTORS AND THREE DIMENTIONAL
GEOMENTRY
LINEAR PROGRAMING
PROBALITY
TOTAL
MARK
S
1O
13
44
17
06
10
100
TOTAL
MARKS
01
02
03
04
REMEMBRING
UNDERSTANDING
APPLICATIONS
HIGH ORDER
THINKING SKILLS
EVALUTION AND
MULTI
DISIPLINARY
TOTAL
05
TYPES OF
QUESTION
MARK PER
QUESTION
VSA
LA-I
LA-II
TOTAL
2
2
1
1
3
2
3
2
1
1
2
2
20
16
25
21
2+1
(VALUE
BASED)
18
TOTAL NO.
OF
QUESTIONS
1
4
6
6
13
7
26
TOTA
L
MARK
S
06
52
42
100
126
127