Cement Evaluation Tools

Cement Evaluation Tools & Theory
From the Basic to Advanced

Casing/Tubing Evaluation And
Analysis (CASE)
Pedro Bernardo, Gozie Okoye, Gary
Frisch
Formation & Reservoir Solutions (FRS)
Outline
Cement Evaluation Objective
Common Terms
Cement Evaluation Logging Tools
Sonic
Ultrasonic
Standard Cement Evaluation
Advanced Cement Evaluation
Log Example
Conclusions 1
Why Perform Pipe Evaluation?
Tool Overview
CASE and 3D Analysis Overview
Well XX-01 Survey Objectives
CASE and 3D Evaluation of Well XX-01
Analysis Results
MIPSPro
Conclusions 2
2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Cement Evaluation Objective
Because cement that is placed in the annulus

and allowed to set cannot be removed and
replaced, regardless of its quality, the
overriding objective of a cement bond
evaluation is not to determine the quality of
cement in the annulus, but rather to
differentiate between solids and liquids in the
annulus.
Mud
Common Terms
Formation
Cement Sheath
Casing
Free Pipe
Cement
Channels
Cement to
Pipe Bond
Cement to
Microannulus Formation Bond
Displacement Efficiency
No Cement to Formation bond
Formation
Casing
64%
Mud
Small Channel Cement

or
Gas Cut Cement
or
Foam Cement
97%
Cement Bond Types and Tools

Two basic cement bonds
Pipe to cement bond
Cement to formation bond
Two basic types of cement evaluation tools
Sonic
Conventional cement bond log (CBL)
Cement to formation bond
Cement to casing bond
Modified CBLs for expanded casing to cement evaluation.
Ultrasonic
Casing to cement bond
Cement Bond Log CBL

Cement Bond Log (CBL)
Single transmitter
Two receivers
Circumferential averaged data
Omni-directional transmitter and receivers
No indication of radial continuity of bonding or channels
Data from the 3 foot receiver

Pipe amplitude
Attenuation
Transit time or travel time
Data from the 5 foot receiver
Waveform data
CBL - is a sonic tool that uses an Omni-directional (monopole)

piezoelectric transmitter to create an elastic compression wave which
travels through the borehole fluid into the casing
Casing
Formation
Cement
TRANSMITTER
TRAVEL
SIGNALTIME
AMPLITUDE
3 FT CASING
RECEIVER
CBL MSG
5 FT
RECEIVER
Free Pipe
GAMMA RAY
0
AMPLITUDE
150
TRAVEL TIME
200
0
CCL
300
Travel time indicates

free pipe and good
centralization
100
AMPLIFIED AMPLITUDE
CBL WAVEFORM
0
10 -20
Y50
High amplitude = free pipe
Strong casing arrival = free pipe
Y75
Straight WMSG waveforms
= free pipe
Visible chevrons at collars = free pipe
20
GAMMA RAY
Free to
Bonded Pipe
AMPLITUDE
150
TRAVEL TIME
200
0
CCL
300
X75
WMSG waveforms = some cement all the

way from pipe to formation
Lower amplitude =
Some cemented pipe
Weaker casing arrival = some cement around pipe
10
10
100
AMPLIFIED AMPLITUDE
CBL WAVEFORM
0
10 -20
20
GAMMA RAY
0
Excellent
Cement Bond
AMPLITUDE
150
TRAVEL TIME
200
0
CCL
300
100
AMPLIFIED AMPLITUDE
CBL WAVEFORM
0
10 -20
Z075
Very weak casing arrival =

Good cement around pipe
P-waves
Amplified amplitude =
cemented pipe
S-waves
WMSG waveforms = cement all the
way from pipe to formation
Changes in waveform
response correspond to
changes in gamma ray,
indicating good cement all
the way to the formation
Z100
Stoneley
waves
11
11
20
Advanced Cement Bond Tools

Rotating Ultrasonic Transducers
CAST-F, CAST-M
Cement and casing inspection
Azimuthal cement-to-pipe bond
Casing inspection
Casing internal radius
Casing thickness
Extensive horizontal coverage
100% horizontal coverage (CAST-F, CAST-M)
12
12
(CAST-F)
is an ultrasonic tool with a transducer acting as both transmitter and
receiver located in the rotating head that, fires an ultrasonic signal that
excites the casing and borehole wall and reflects back to the transducer
(which acts as a receiver)
Scanner Head Sizes

7 for 9 5/8
Csg
4 3/8 for 7 Csg
Transducer Types (CH)
White 250 kHz or Brown
350 kHz
13
Ultrasonic Wave Propagation

Transducer
t
Casing Wall
First Reflection
First Arrival
Amplitude
Casing
Thickness
Casing
Radius
Travel time
c
t
2 fo
ID
Window
Resonance
Window
Impedance
Window
t is the casing thickness.

c is the velocity through steel.
fo is the casing resonance frequency
14
14
Impedance Calculations
Z c ao boCt co log( Sum) d oCt log( Sum)

Zc is the acoustic impedance of the material behind the casing
Ct is the casing thickness
Sum is the sum of the amplitude maxim of the half cycles in the waveforms
resonance window
ao, bo, co, and do are the coefficients calculated from the theoretical
simulations of known impedance and the casing thickness.
These coefficients are calculated for every single scan.
15
15
Impedance
Values
Black
Z V
Dark
Brown
4
Z ( ppg / T sec/ ft ) 36.5
Light
Brown
Tan
Cement
2
Water
Blue
Foam
Cement
Red
0
Free Gas
Drilling
Mud
16
16
Green
Ultrasonic Scanning Tools

Circumferential bond/ channel
orientation (relative to the high
side of hole).
Casing thickness / internal
diameter / ovality / eccentricity.
Pressure Compensation &

Fluid Cell Section
Scanner Head
Section
Amplitude and Travel Time of

the first arrival from the casing.
Borehole relative bearing /
inclination.
Borehole fluid acoustic velocity.
17
17
Ultrasonic Scanning Tools

CAST-F & CAST-M
100 Horizontal Coverage

@ 2, 4 or 12 Samples/Ft.
18
18
TRAVEL TIME
180
280
GAMMA
0
150
AVZ
10
0
ECEN
0
1
CAST
and CBL
AMPLIFIED
AMPLITUDE
0
10
AMPLITUDE
0
70
FCBI
1
0 -20
Map indicates free pipe
X600
Channel
WMSG indicates some cement

from casing to formation
19
19
CBL WAVEFORM
IMPEDANCE IMAGE
WMSG
ZP
20 0
6.15
Cement Evaluation Theory

CBL, Sonic, Segmented Bond Tools
Amplitude
High indicates free pipe
Low indicates cement
Waveform
High activity indicates cement
Low activity (railroad) indicates free pipe
Ultrasonic Tools
Impedance
High impedance indicates cement
Low impedance indicates free pipe
20
20

(ACE)
Cement Evaluation Workflow

Cement Interpretation Logging Tools
Job Execution and QC
Requires Digital Recording of Data
LIS and DLIS are the normal formats
Waveform data not available with ASCII
Normal Interpretation
Statistical Variance Processing
Image Segmentation
22
22
Foam Cement
Provides Ductility and Resiliency to Cement Sheath

Temperature and Pressure Induced Stresses
Prevent Both Fluid Loss and Fluid Encroachment

Gas Migration Control
Slurry Pressure Remains Constant During Transition Period
Superior Mud Displacement

Minimize Need for Multi-Stage Operations
23
23
Nearly
Free Pipe
TRAVEL TIME
180
280
GAMMA
0
150
AVZ
10
0
ECEN
0
1
AMPLIFIED
AMPLITUDE
0
10
AMPLITUDE
0
70
FCBI
1
0 -20
Why free pipe?
High amplitude,
Straight lines on wmsg
Impedance map < 2.3
X000
indicates
fluid
24
24
CBL WAVEFORM
IMPEDANCE IMAGE
WMSG
ZP
20 0
6.15
Bonded
Pipe
TRAVEL TIME
180
280
GAMMA
0
150
AVZ
10
0
ECEN
0
1
AMPLIFIED
AMPLITUDE
0
10
AMPLITUDE
0
70
FCBI
1
0 -20
CBL WAVEFORM
IMPEDANCE IMAGE
WMSG
ZP
20 0
Why bonded pipe?
Low amplitude,
Changes on the on the wmsg
indicate cement from casing to formation
Impedance map > 2.7, browns indicates cement
Some vugs of fluids indicated by higher amplitude
and lower impedance values
X200
25
25
6.15
High Side Of Hole

Right Side Of Map
Left Side Of Map
Well-Bore Section
Section
I
Section
A
Section
H
Section
B
Section
G
Section
C
Section
F
Section
E
Section
D
Low Side Of Hole

26
Center Of Map
Nearly
Free Pipe
Segmented
Curves
HIGH LOW HIGH

SIDE OF HOLE
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H- I
GAMMA
0
150
AVG. Z
10
1
ECEN
0
1
IMPEDANCE MAP
0
6.15 0
A2
A4
A6
A8
A10
B14
B16
B18
B20
B22
5 0
C24
C26
C28
C30
C32
5 0
D36
D38
D40
D42
D44
5 0
E46
E48
E50
E52
E54
5 0
F58
F60
F62
F64
F66
5 0
G68
G70
G72
G74
G76
5 0
Activity and impedance

levels indicate free pipe
X000
Activity and impedance

levels indicate some solids
27
27
H80
H82
H84
H86
H88
5 0
5 0
I90
I92
I94
I96
I98
5
Bonded
Pipe
Segmented
Curves
HIGH LOW HIGH

SIDE OF HOLE
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H- I
GAMMA
0
150
AVG. Z
10
1
ECEN
0
1
IMPEDANCE MAP
0
6.15 0
A2
A4
A6
A8
A10
B14
B16
B18
B20
B22
5 0
C24
C26
C28
C30
C32
5 0
D36
D38
D40
D42
D44
5 0
E46
E48
E50
E52
E54
5 0
F58
F60
F62
F64
F66
5 0
G68
G70
G72
G74
G76
5 0
H80
H82
H84
H86
H88
5 0
Activity level and

impedance indicate vug
Activity level and impedance

indicate cement or solids
Casing centralizer
X200
28
5 0
I90
I92
I94
I96
I98
5
Impedance
Responses
Free Pipe
GAMMA
0
100
AVG. Z
10
0
ECEN
0
1
A2
A4
A6
IMPEDANCE A8
0
6.15 A10
SEGMENTED IMPEDANCE CURVES

0--------5
Activity
, variance
B14
C24 level
D36 E46
F58 G68and
H80 I90
B16
C26 D38 indicate
E48 F60 cement
G70 H82orI92
Impedance
solids
B18 C28 D40 E50 F62 G72 H84 I94
B20 C30 D42 E52 F64 G74 H86 I96 VARIANCE
B22 C32 D44 E54 F66 G76 H88 I98 0
0.6
Activity level, variance, and

impedance indicate fluids
Bonded Pipe
Activity level , variance and

Impedance indicate cement or solids
29
29
ACE Analysis
in Nearly
Free Pipe
CEMT image is a combination
of the ZP and DZ images.
AMPLIFIED
CBL
IMPEDANCE
DERIVATIVE
AMPLITUDE
WAVEFORM
IMAGE
IMAGE
0
10
AMPLITUDE
0
70
FCBI
1
0
ZP
DZ
FCEMBI
WMSG
0
6.15
0
0.60 0
1
0 -20
20
GAMMA
0
150
ECEN
0
1.0
AVZ
10
0
Blue indicated fluid while browns

indicate solids
Both the ZP and DZ images

have to indicate fluid if the
CEMT image is blue
If either the raw data or
derivative data indicate
cement, the CEMT image will
be brown or solid.
Blue and Blue = Blue

Brown or Brown = Brown
FCBI and FCEMBI are filtered

bond index determined from
the ZP and CEMT images
Both are at the vertical

resolution of the
amplitude curve.
Measure the pipe to

casing bond.
CEMENT
IMAGE
X000
30
30
CEMT
1.0
ACE Analysis in
Bonded Pipe
AMPLIFIED
CBL
IMPEDANCE
DERIVATIVE
AMPLITUDE
WAVEFORM
IMAGE
IMAGE
0
10
AMPLITUDE
0
70
FCBI
1
0
ZP
DZ
FCEMBI
WMSG
6.15 0
0.60 0
1
0 -20
20 0
GAMMA
0
150
ECEN
0
1.0
AVZ
10
0
Blue indicated fluid while

browns indicate solids
Vug
100% bond by CEMT

80% bond by ZP
Blue and Blue = Blue

Brown or Brown = Brown
Channel on low side
X200
CEMENT
IMAGE
31
31
CEMT
1.0
New CBL
Waveform
Processing
CBL Variance is the
derivative of the CBL
waveform
AMPLIFIED
GAMMA
AMPLITUDE
0
150
0
10
TT
CCL AMPLITUDE
250
150
0
70 -15
CBL MSG
Variance of wiggle
lines should be high
X200
ACE processing of the CBL

waveform highlights both
the free pipe and bonded
pipe sections
Lack of Chevrons
= Bonded Pipe
X300
CBL TOTAL
16 -1
Chevrons = Free Pipe

X100
Variance of a straight
line should be zero
CBL Total is the CBL MSG

plus the CBL Variance
CBL VARIANCE
15 0
32
32
15
Collar
Responses
Free Pipe
GAMMA
0
150
ECEN
0
1
AMPLIFIED
AMPLITUDE
10
AMPLITUDE
70
CBL WAVEFORM
-20
20 0
CBL DERIVITIVE OR
VARIANCE
10 0
CBL TOTAL
20
Wide and solid chevrons

= free pipe
Free to Bonded Pipe
Missing or flat chevrons

= bonded pipe
Microannulus
33
Chevrons with just dark edges = microannulus

(Helpful if pressure cannot be applied to casing)
33
Log Example
8 - lb/gal cement
What does the CBL data
suggest?
Bonding or no
bonding?
What does the CAST data
suggest?
Bonding or no
bonding?
TRAVEL TIME
180
280
GAMMA
0
150
AVZ
10
0
ECEN
0
1
AMPLIFIED
AMPLITUDE
0
10
AMPLITUDE
0
70
FCBI
1
0 0
IMPEDANCE IMAGE
WMSG
ZP
20
6.15
CBL suggests excellent bonding

1. Formation signal
2. Lack of strong casing signal
CAST suggests poor bonding
1. Low impedance (gas and water)
2. AVZ < 2
Disagree
Do the logs agree or

disagree?
Y100
Answer is in the title

8 lb/gal cement < density of water
Impedance should be low
Why?
Is the answer here?
CBL WAVEFORM
34
34
ACE Curve
Segmentation
(8 - lb/gal)
HIGH LOW HIGH

SIDE OF HOLE
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H- I
GAMMA
0
150
AVG. Z
10
1
ECEN
0
1
IMPEDANCE MAP
0
6.15 0
What does the

segmented curves tell
us?
A2
A4
A6
A8
A10
B14
B16
B18
B20
B22
5 0
C24
C26
C28
C30
C32
5 0
D36
D38
D40
D42
D44
5 0
E46
E48
E50
E52
E54
5 0
F58
F60
F62
F64
F66
5 0
G68
G70
G72
G74
G76
5 0
H80
H82
H84
H86
H88
5 0
Segmented curves have high activity with

low impedance suggestion foam cement
Is there a zone where

the pipe is free?
Anything funny about
this zone?
Y100
Appears right at a collar,

might be pipe affecting log;
scale, varnish, rust
5 0
Below this point the segmented curves

have low activity with low impedance
suggestion fluid behind pipe
35
35
I90
I92
I94
I96
I98
5
ACE Analysis
(8 - lb/gal)
What does the ACE on the
CBL curves tell us?
AMPLIFIED
AMPLITUDE
0
10
CBL
TOTAL
IMPEDANCE DERIVATIVE
CEMENT
AMPLITUDE WAVEFORM
CBL
IMAGE
IMAGE
IMAGE
0
70
WAVEFORM
FCBI
1
0
FCBIDZ
1
0
FCEMBI
WMSG
WMSGT
ZP
DZ
CEMT
1
0 -20
20 -1
15 0
6.15 0
0.6 0
1
GAMMA
0
150
AVZ
10
0
DZAVG
1
0
WMSG and WMSGT show excellent

bonding to both the casing and formation
Good cement bonding to both

the casing and formation as
shown by the ACE processing
and CBL data.
Do we have good
bonding?
Why does the Amplitude
and FCEMBI curves
overlay most of the log?
Is there anywhere we
need to be concerned
about?
Because both curves measure

casing to cement bond
Y100
Below this point the data suggests fluid

behind pipe. Might be a point of concern
36
36
Conclusions
Improved interpretation technique
Uses available logging data
Allows interpretation of complex cement
Use of activity for solid/liquid determination
Determination of Zonal Isolation
Squeeze no squeeze decisions
Reduce Unnecessary Remedial Operations
Associated Costs Savings
37
37
Conclusions Continued
Interpretation of ALL Cement Evaluation Data
Conventional Cement Slurries
Foam and Complex Cement Slurries
Interpretation of Other Service Companies Data
38
38
Glossary
Displacement efficiency is a measument of how much of the mud is replaced by cementing operation.
Acoustic impedance is the ability of a material to transmit or reflect acoustic energy
Eccentricity - distance from center axis of tool to the center of the borehole (less than 0.25desired)
MicroSeismicGram (MSG) or Variable Display Log (VDL)
Relative bearing - angle measured between tool reference and high side of hole
Travel Time from the CBL tool.
Gamma Ray: used for correlation purposes

AVZ: Average impedance of the 100 impedance values
Tool Eccentering: calculated from the minimum and maximum pipe diameter.
Micro-Annulus is the presence of a gap a few thousand of ant inch between casing and the cement
39
Why Perform Pipe Evaluation?

Wear on tubing due to long-term
production
Pipe corrosion
Scale build-up
Holes, splits, or deformation of
tubing
Planning well intervention and remedial

operations
Time-lapse monitoring of pipe integrity
40
40
MIT Multi Finger Imaging Tool

Multi Finger Mechanical Caliper
Tool OD
Number of Arms
1 11/16
24
2.75
40
3.9
60
Internal Inclinometer for orientation of data with

respect to high side
Deployment
E-line or Slick Line (memory)
41
41
Other Pipe Inspection Tools

Magnetic Thickness Tool (MTT)
Measures wall thickness

Run in combination with MIT for a more detailed pipe
analysis
Fast Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool (CAST-F)
Ultrasonic tool provides high resolution images in both
open and cased holes
Pipe Inspection: Determines casing thickness, internal
diameter, ovality, eccentricity, etc
42
42
Casing/Tubing Evaluation (CASE)

Three pipe evaluation modules:
HoleShape Eccentricity correction
MITCASE/ FastCASE Evaluate pipe

condition and determine percentage damage
CASEJOINT Finds, counts, and displays
data based on each joint
CASE modules provide precise and accurate
casing and tubing integrity evaluation
43
43
3D Visualization
Provides graphical 3D and 2D
displays
Displays cross-section images of
tubular
ReadyView software version for
customer
Video of 3D and 2D images
44
Well XX-01
Water Injector
Well Completed in 1997
Background: An MPL survey indicated a leak in the
tubing at ~X834ft MD.
Survey Objectives:
Verify the size and exact location of the hole
causing the leak.
Investigate overall tubing integrity and identify
any corrosion problems.
Tubing OD: 3.5 (OR = 1.75)
Tubing ID: 2.992 (IR = 1.496)
45
XX-01
MIT CASE
Possible
Hole in
Tubing
@
X840.4ft
46
CASE
MIT - MTT
Joint Number
Average radius
from MIT
Cyan is the connection of joint,

Does not enter into joint grading
Magenta is the collar. Has
separate grading since damage
may occur during tubing
placement
Interior
corrosion (%)
Joint and collar grading, color is

dependent upon the damage
10
47
CASE
MIT - MTT
Radius image map
Average ,
minimum and
maximum radius
from MIT
Red is maximum
radius,
indicating the
maximum loss
of tubing metal
Blue is minimum
radius, green is
average radius
11
48
CASE
MIT - MTT
Normalized average ,
minimum and
maximum radius from
MIT
Normalized Radius display.

An increase in radius indicates a
loss of metal so the tubing wall is
thinner than expected.
Red shows loss of metal.
Blue shows a smaller radius than
expected
12
49
CASE MIT - MTT

DAMAGEJ is a percent of pipe wall remaining based on both the
radius and thickness measurements, and expected measurements.
This is color coded showing the following based on
TOTDAMG = INTDAMG + EXTDAMG.
0 < TOTDAMG
20 < TOTDAMG
40 < TOTDAMG
60 < TOTDAMG
80 < TOTDAMG
< 20 %
< 40 %
< 60 %
< 80 %
(GRADE 1)
(GRADE 2)
(GRADE 3)
(GRADE 4)
(GRADE 4+)
BLUE = Internal damage, and is presented as a percent from left to

right (0 -100%).
CYAN is where the collars are. The cyan shows were the data is
NOT used in determining the joint values for GRADING. The size of
the collar band is adjustable depending upon the collar makeup etc.
13
50
XX-01 MIT 3D View: Possible Hole
Possible
Hole in
Tubing
@
X840.4ft
14
51
XX-01 MIT 3D View: Injection Mandrel
15
52
XX-01 MIT 3D View: Sliding Sleeve (SSD)
16
53
Results Tables: Joints Listing

JOINT #
172
173
174
175
TOP
FEET
X750.7
X886.2
X816.2
X848.9
BOTTOM JLENGTH AVERADJ MAXRADJ DMAXRAD MINRADJ DMINRAD BODYLOSS INTDAMGJ EXTDAMGJ TOTDAMGJ GRADE
FEET
FEET
INCHES INCHES
FEET
INCHES FEET
%
%
%
%
X786.2
X816.2
X848.9
X881.6
35.5
30
32.7
32.7
1.5071
1.5254
1.5149
1.4858
1.6799
1.5753
1.8603
1.5623
X758.6
X814.3
X840.4
X858.6
1.374
1.4743
1.3872
1.3703
17
54
X762.2
X804.5
X843.9
X870.5
4.03
10.76
6.91
-3.7
72.4
31.22
100
26.1
0
0
0
0
72.4
31.22
100
26.1
4
2
5
2
Interior
Joint
Damage
18
55
Joint Summation
1956
XX-01 CASE ANALYSIS RESULTS

At XX40.4ft:
Interior Damage (INTDAMAGE) is 100%
Maximum Internal Radius (MXRAD) is 1.86
Max IR > Nominal IR (1.496)
Max IR > Nominal OR (1.75)
Possible hole in 3.5 tubing, at depth XX40.4ft
57
57
MIPSPro
High quality 3D image
processing of calliper data.
Detailed cross sections
Statistical analysis
Data corrections
Joint-by-Joint analysis
58
Conclusions
Mechanical Calipers (MIT) and Ultrasonic Tool (CASTF)
MIT measures internal diameter

CASTF measures internal diameter and pipe thickness
CASE Analysis
Provides precise and accurate casing and tubing integrity
evaluation
Tabular Listings Allow Monitoring Over Time
3D Visualization
Provides graphical 3D displays from caliper tools
Displays cross-section images of tubular
59
59
Glossary
BOTTOM = BOTTOM OF JOINT
JLENGTH = LENGTH OF JOINT
AVERADJ = AVERAGE INTERNAL RADIUS OF JOINT
AVETHKJ = AVERAGE INTERNAL THICKNESS OF JOINT
MAXRADJ = MAXIMUM RADIUS OF JOINT

DMAXRAD = DEPTH OF MAXIMUM RADIUS OF JOINT
MINTHKJ = MINIMUM THICKNESS OF JOINT
DMINTHK = DEPTH OF MINIMUM THICKNESS OF JOINT
BODYLOS = PERCENT OF BODY METAL LOST BY COMPARING AVERADJ AND KNOWN ID AND OD
INTDAMGJ = MAXIMUM INTERNAL PIPE DAMAGE OF JOINT IN PERCENT
EXTDAMGJ = MAXIMUM EXTERNALPIPE DAMAGE OF JOINT IN PERCENT
TOTDAMGJ = MAXIMUM TOTAL PIPE DAMAGE OF JOINT IN PERCENT

GRADE = GRADE OF JOINT
MTT= MAGNETIC THICKNESS TOOL
FAST CIRCUMFERENTIAL ACOUSTIC SCANNING TOOL (CAST-F)
MIT= MULTI FINGER IMAGING TOOL
60
Thank You
61

Cement Evaluation Tools

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Cement Evaluation Tools

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Cement Evaluation Tools & Theory

From the Basic to Advanced

Cement Evaluation Objective

Cement Evaluation Logging Tools

Standard Cement Evaluation

Advanced Cement Evaluation

Why Perform Pipe Evaluation?

CASE and 3D Analysis Overview

Well XX-01 Survey Objectives

CASE and 3D Evaluation of Well XX-01

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Cement Evaluation Objective

Because cement that is placed in the annulus

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Small Channel Cement

Cement Bond Types and Tools

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Cement Bond Log CBL

Data from the 3 foot receiver

CBL - is a sonic tool that uses an Omni-directional (monopole)

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Travel time indicates

High amplitude = free pipe

Strong casing arrival = free pipe

Visible chevrons at collars = free pipe

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

WMSG waveforms = some cement all the

Very weak casing arrival =

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Advanced Cement Bond Tools

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Scanner Head Sizes

Ultrasonic Wave Propagation

t is the casing thickness.

Z c ao boCt co log( Sum) d oCt log( Sum)

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Ultrasonic Scanning Tools

Pressure Compensation &

Amplitude and Travel Time of

Ultrasonic Scanning Tools

100 Horizontal Coverage

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Map indicates free pipe

WMSG indicates some cement

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Cement Evaluation Theory

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Advanced Cement Evaluation

Cement Evaluation Workflow

Provides Ductility and Resiliency to Cement Sheath

Prevent Both Fluid Loss and Fluid Encroachment

Superior Mud Displacement

Why free pipe?

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Why bonded pipe?

2014 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

High Side Of Hole

Left Side Of Map

Low Side Of Hole

HIGH LOW HIGH

Activity and impedance

Activity and impedance