NAPOLCOM Entrance Exam Reviewer

RA. 6975
Section 1. Title of the Act. This Act shall be known as the "Department of the
Interior and Local Government Act of 1990."

DILG
Section 6. Organization. The Department shall consist of the Department Proper,
the existing bureaus and offices of the Department of Local Government, the National
Police Commission, the Philippine Public Safety College, and the following bureaus:
the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection, and the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology.

NAPOLCOM
Section 14. Powers and Functions of the Commission. The Commission shall
exercise the following powers and functions:
(a)

Exercise administrative control over the Philippine National Police;

Section 16. Term of Office. The four (4) regular and full-time Commissioners shall
be appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Secretary. Of the first
four (4) commissioners to be appointed, two (2) commissioners shall serve for six (6)
years and the two (2) other commissioners for four (4) years. All subsequent
appointments shall be for a period of six (6) years each, without reappointment or
extension.

PNPO
Section 23. Composition. Subject to the limitations provided for in this Act, the
Philippine National Police, hereinafter referred to as the PNP, is hereby established,

initially consisting of the members of the police forces who were integrated into the
Integrated National Police (INP) pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 765, and the
officers and enlisted personnel of the Philippine Constabulary (PC). For purposes of
this Act, the officers and enlisted personnel of the PC shall include those assigned
with the Narcotics Command (NARCOM) or the Criminal Investigation Service
(CIS); and those of the technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC and the
civilian operatives of the CIS. The regular operatives of the abolished NAPOLCOM
Inspection, Investigation and Intelligence Branch may also be absorbed by the PNP. In
addition, a PC officer or enlisted personnel may transfer to any of the branches or
services of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in accordance with the provisions of
Section 85 of this Act.
In order to be qualified for transfer to the PNP units in Metropolitan Manila and in
highly urbanized cities, an individual must have completed not less than second year
collegiate work or its equivalent in training of seventy-two (72) collegiate units.
Anyone who has any pending administrative or criminal case or has been adjudged
liable or convicted of any crime pending appeal shall be allowed to join the PNP
provisionally without prejudice to final judgment by a body of competent jurisdiction.
The permanent civilian employees of the present PC, INP, Narcotics Command, CIS,
and the technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC, including NAPOLCOM
hearing officers holding regular items as such, shall be absorbed by the Department as
employees thereof, subject to existing laws and regulations.

Section 24. Powers and Functions. The PNP shall have the following powers and
functions:
(a) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;
(b) Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
(c) Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring
offenders to justice and assist in their prosecution;
(d) Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with
the Constitution and pertinent laws;
(e) Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law,
informing the person so detained of all his rights under the Constitution;

(f) Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with
law;
(g) Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and issue
licenses to operate security agencies, and to security guards and private detectives, for
the practice of their professions; and
(h) Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as may be provided by
law.
In addition, the PNP shall absorb the office of the National Action Committee on AntiHijacking (NACAH) of the Department of National Defense, all the functions of the
present Philippine Air Force Security Command (PAFSECOM), as well as the police
functions of the Coast Guard. In order to perform its powers and functions efficiently
and effectively, the PNP shall be provided with adequate land, sea, and air capabilities
and all necessary material means of resources.

Section 25. Organization. The PNP shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted
by two (2) deputy chief, one (1) for operations and one (1) for administration, both of
whom shall be appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Commission
from among the most senior and qualified officers in the service: Provided, however,
That in no case shall any officer who has retired or is retirable within six (6) months
from his compulsory retirement age be appointed as Chief of the PNP. The PNP shall
be composed of a national office, regional offices, provincial offices, district offices,
city or municipal stations.
At the national level, the PNP shall maintain its office in Metropolitan Manila which
shall house the directorial staff, service staff and special support units.
At the regional level, the PNP shall have regional offices, including that of the
National Capital Region, which may be divided into two (2) separate regions without
prejudice to the pertinent provisions of the Organic Act for the Autonomous Regions
of the Cordilleras and Muslim Mindanao relative to the creation of a regional police
force in the area of autonomy. Each of these regional offices shall be headed by a
regional director for peace and order.
At the provincial level, there shall be a PNP office, each headed by a provincial
director. In the case of large provinces, police districts may be established by the
Commission to be headed by a district director.

At the city or municipal level, there shall be a PNP station, each headed by a chief of
police.
The Chief of the PNP shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act and
in accordance with the broad guidelines set forth herein, recommend the
organizational structure and staffing pattern of the PNP to the Commission.

Section 26. Powers, Functions and term of Office of the PNP Chief . The
command and direction of the PNP shall be vested in the Chief of the PNP who shall
have the power to direct and control tactical as well as strategic movements,
deployment, placement, utilization of the PNP or any of its units and personnel,
including its equipment, facilities and other resources. Such command and direction
of the Chief of the PNP may be delegated to subordinate officials with the respect to
the units under their respective commands, in accordance with the rules and regulation
prescribed by the Commission. The Chief of the PNP shall also have the power to
issue detailed implementing policies and instructions regarding personnel, funds,
properties, records, correspondence and such other matters as may be necessary to
effectivity carry out the functions, powers and duties of the Bureau. The Chief of the
PNP shall be appointed by the President from among the senior officers down to the
rank of chief superintendent, subject to confirmation by the Commission on
Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of the PNP shall serve a term of office not to
exceed four (4) years: Provided, further, That in times of war or other national
emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend such term of office.

Section 27. Manning Levels. On the average nationwide, the manning levels of the
PNP shall be approximately in accordance with a police-to-population ratio of one (1)
policeman for every five hundred (500) persons. The actual strength by cities and
municipalities shall depend on the state of peace and order, population density and
actual demands of the service in the particular area: Provided, That the minimum
police-to-population ratio shall not be less than one (1) policeman for every one
thousand (1,000) persons: Provided, further, That urban areas shall have a higher
minimum police-to-population ratio as may be prescribed by regulations.

Section 28. Rank Classification. For purposes of efficient administration,

supervision and control, the rank classification of the members of the PNP shall be as
follows:

Commissioned Officer

1 Director General
3 Deputy Director General
11 Director
48 Chief Superintendent
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Senior Inspector
Inspector

Non Commissioned Officer

Senior Police Officer IV
Senior Police Officer III
Senior Police Officer II
Senior Police Officer I
Police Officer III
Police Officer II
Police Officer I

Section 29. Key Positions. The head of the PNP with the rank director general shall
have the position title of Chief of the PNP. The second in command of the PNP with
the rank of deputy director general shall be the Deputy Chief of the PNP for
Administration. The third in command with the rank also of deputy director general
shall be the Deputy Chief of the PNP for Operations.
At the national office, the head of the directorial staff with the rank of deputy director
general shall be known as Chief of the Directorial Staff of the PNP.
The heads of the various staff divisions in the directorial staff shall have the rank of
director with the position title of Director of the Directorial Staff of their respective
functional divisions. The head of the Inspectorate Division with the rank of chief
superintendent shall assume the position title of Inspector General. The heads of the
administrative and operational support divisions shall have the rank of chief
superintendent.
The head of the NCR with the rank of director shall assume the position title of NCR
Director.
The heads of the regional offices with the rank of chief superintendent shall assume
the position title of Regional Director.
The heads of the NCR district offices with the rank of chief superintendent shall have
the position title of District Director.
The heads of provincial offices with the rank of senior superintendent shall be known
as Provincial Director.
The heads of the district offices with the rank of superintendent shall have the position
title of District Director.
The heads of the municipality or city offices with the rank of chief inspector shall be
known as Chief of Police.

Section 30. General Qualifications for Appointment. No person shall be appointed

as officer or member of the PNP unless he possesses the following minimum
qualifications:
(a) A citizen of the Philippines;

(b) A person of good moral conduct;

(c) Of sound mind and body;
(d) Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree for appointment as officer and must
have finished at least second year college or the equivalent of seventy-two (72)
collegiate units for appointment as non-officer or an equivalent training or experience
for those already in the service upon the effectivity of this Act.
(e) Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
(f) Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or
dismissed for cause from any civilian position in the Government;
(g) Must not have been convicted be final judgment of an offense or crime involving
moral turpitude;
(h) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m.) in height for male
and one meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 m.) for female;
(i) Must weight not more or less than five kilograms (5 kg.) of the standard weight
corresponding to his or her height, age, and sex; and
(j) For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty
(30) years of age.

Section 31. Appointment of PNP Officers and Members. The appointment of the
officers and members of the PNP shall be effected in the following manner:
(a) Police Officer I to Senior Police Officer IV . Appointed by the PNP regional
director for regional personnel or by the Chief of the PNP for the national
headquarters personnel and attested by the Civil Service Commission.
(b) Inspector to Superintendent. Appointed by the Chief of the PNP, as
recommended by their immediate superiors, attested by the Civil Service
Commission;
(c) Senior Superintendent to Deputy Director General. Appointed by the President
upon recommendation of the chief of the PNP, with proper endorsement by the
Chairman of the Civil Service Commission and subject to confirmation by the
Commission on Appointments; and

(d) Director General. Appointed by the President from among the senior officers
down to the rank of chief superintendent in the service, subject to confirmation by the
Commission on Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of the PNP shall serve a tour
of duty not to exceed four (4) years: Provided, further, That, in times of war or other
national emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend such tour of duty.

Section 32. Examinations for Policemen. The Civil Service Commission shall
administer the qualifying entrance examinations for policemen on the basis of the
standards set by the NAPOLCOM.

Section 33. Lateral Entry of Officers into the PNP. In general, all original
appointments of commissioned officers in the PNP shall commence with the rank of
inspector, to include all those with highly technical qualifications applying for the
PNP technical services, such as dentist, optometrists, nurses, engineers, and graduates
of forensic sciences. Doctors of medicine, members of the Bar, and chaplains shall be
appointed to the rank of senior inspector in their particular technical service.
Graduates of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) shall be automatically
appointed to the initial rank of inspector. Licensed criminologists may be appointed to
the rank of inspector to fill up any vacancy after promotions from the ranks are
completed.

Section 36. Status of Members of the Philippine National Police. The members of
the PNP shall be considered employees of the National Government and shall draw
their salaries therefrom: Provided, That PNP members assigned in Metropolitan
Manila, chartered cities and first class municipalities may be paid in additional
monthly allowance by the local government unit concerned.

PNP Seal and Badge

PNP Seal Meaning and Symbolism
Lapu-Lapu Hero - The great Filipino hero of Mactan, the prototype of the best and
most noble in Filipino manhood who is the symbol and embodiment of all the genuine
attributes of leadership, courage, nationalism, self-reliance and a people-based and

people powered community defense. The benevolent and heroic warrior who derived
added strength from a cohesive, determined and loyal people is today a fitting symbol
and a prototype as well of people power to preserve our values, customs, traditions,
way of life and the rule of law thru a solidly community-based police system. LapuLapu also personifies for us today civilian constitutional authority.

Laurel - Green Laurel with 14 leaves, symbolizes the 14 Regional Commands. It

is also a symbol of the honor, dignity and the privilege of being a member of a noble
organization where the call to public service is par excellence a commitment to public
trust.

Shield - The symbol of the Philippine Constabulary, the first National Police by
virtue of Organic Act No. 175, enacted by the Philippine Commission on 18 July
1901. The Philippine Constabulary for the close to 90 years of service to the nation
has performed with honor, professionalism and courage. The PC has carved out a
large part of the glorious pages of Philippine history, as attested by its proudly and
deservedly garnering 86 of the 92 "Medals of Valor" the highest honor that a grateful
Filipino nation can bestow on its gallant sons in the service of the Republic. Most
appropriately therefore, the Philippine Constabulary became the nucleus of the
Integrated National Police in 1975 to nurture the then embryonic concept of the
nationalization of the country's local police forces.

Three Stars - Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao and the 1,700 islands and the
territorial integrity wherein the National Police must enforce the law and maintain
peace and order with professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping with the highest
ideals and traditions of service to our country and people.

Service Honor Justice - Added distinct ideals for the officers, men and women of
the PNP to insure efficiency, integrity, cohesiveness, camaraderie and equanimity to
enhance community acceptance and support to attain its mission of peace keeping and
law enforcement.

Sun - Symbolize the flowering, maturing and ultimate realization of the glorious
evolution of the PC/INP into a National Police Organization - "national in scope and
civilian in character" - as enshrined in the 1986 Constitution. The Traditional light
rays which represents the fightingest provinces whose ideals of courage and
patriotism the members of the National Police must possess.

PNP Badge Meaning and Symbolism

Philippine Monkey Eating Eagle The National Bird symbol of swiftness and
ferocity, power, courage and immortality.

PNP Shield - Symbol of protection of all citizens. Three Stars - Stands for Luzon,
Visayas and Mindanao which constitute the Republic's Territorial Integrity over
which the PNP must enforce the law and maintain peace and order with
professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping with the highest ideals and traditions
of service to God, Country and People.

Eight Sun Rays - Represents the eight (8) provinces whose ideals of courage,
gallantry patriotism led to their revolt against Spain.

Lapu Lapu - Symbolizes the bravery of the Philippine National Police. Service,
Honor, Justice - Service is the vibrant and cogent deeds and actions in response to the
needs and wants of the people in distress: Honor could be the overriding criterion and
consideration in the performance of their entrusted task or mission: and Justice
dispensed to everyone whatever is due to him without favoritism or discrimination of
any sort. Laurel Leaves - Symbolizes the competency, brilliance and honor in the
field of endeavor expected from each and every member of the PNP.

Philippine National Police - Identity of Solidarity.

PPSC

Section 66. Creation of the Philippine Public Safety College. There is hereby
created the Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC), which shall be the premier
educational institution for the training, human resource development and continuing
education of all personnel of the PNP, Fire and Jail Bureaus.
Said College shall be under the direct supervision of a Board of Trustees composed of
the Secretary and the three (3) bureau heads.

Section 67. Composition, Powers and Functions. The College shall consist of the
present Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) established pursuant to Section
13 of Presidential Decree No. 1184, the Fire Service Training Center, the Philippine
National Training Center (PNTC), the National Police College, and other special
training centers as may be created by the Department, whose functions shall be as
follows:
(a) Formulate and implement training programs for the personnel of the Department;
(b) Establish and maintain adequate physical training facilities;
(c) Develop and implement research and development to support educational training
programs;
(d) Conduct an assessment of the training needs of all its clientele; and
(e) Perform such other related functions as may be prescribed by the Secretary.

Section 68. Organization. The structure and staffing pattern of the College shall be
prescribed by the Secretary.
8551
Section 1. Title. This Act shall be known as the "Philippine National Police Reform
and Reorganization Act of 1998".
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
A. REORGANIZATION

Section 13. Authority of the Commission to Reorganize the PNP. Notwithstanding

the provisions of Republic Act No. 6975 on the organizational structure and rank
classification of the PNP, the Commission shall conduct a management audit, and
prepare and submit to Congress a proposed reorganization plan of the PNP not later
than December 31, 1998, subject to the limitations provided under this Act and based
on the following criteria: a) increased police visibility through dispersal of personnel
from the headquarters to the field offices and by the appointment and assignment of
non-uniformed personnel to positions which are purely administrative, technical,
clerical or menial in nature and other positions which are not actually and directly
related to police operation; and b) efficient and optimized delivery of police services
to the communities.
The PNP reorganization program shall be approved by Congress through a joint
resolution.
B. QUALIFICATIONS UPGRADING
Section 14. Section 30 of Republic Act No. 6975 is hereby amended to read as
follows:
"SEC. 30. General Qualifications for Appointment. No person shall be appointed as
officer or member of the PNP unless he or she possesses the following minimum
qualifications:
"a) A citizen of the Philippines;
"b) A person of good moral conduct;
"c) Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to be
administered by the PNP or by any NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for
the purpose of determining physical and mental health;
"d) Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of
learning;
"e) Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
"f) Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or
dismissed for cause from any civilian position in the Government;
"g) Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving
moral turpitude;

"h) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m.) in height for male
and one meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 m.) for female;
"i) Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5 kgs.) from the standard weight
corresponding to his or her height, age, and sex; and
"j) For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty
(30) years of age: except for the last qualification, the above-enumerated
qualifications shall be continuing in character and an absence of any one of them at
any given time shall be a ground for separation or retirement from the service:
Provided, That PNP members who are already in the service upon the effectivity of
this Act shall be given at least two (2) more years to obtain the minimum educational
qualification and one (1) year to satisfy the weight requirement.
"For the purpose of determining compliance with the requirements on physical and
mental health, as well as the non-use of prohibited drugs, the PNP by itself or through
a NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital shall conduct regular psychiatric,
psychological drug and physical tests randomly and without notice.
"After the lapse of the time period for the satisfaction of a specific requirement,
current members of the PNP who will fail to satisfy any of the requirements
enumerated under this Section shall be separated from the service if they are below
fifty (50) years of age and have served in Government for less than twenty (20) years
or retired if they are from the age of fifty (50) and above and have served the
Government for at least twenty (20) years without prejudice in either case to the
payment of benefits they may be entitled to under existing laws."
Section 15. Waivers for Initial Appointments to the PNP. The age, height, weight,
and educational requirements for initial appointment to the PNP may be waived only
when the number of qualified applicants fall below the minimum annual quota:
Provided, That an applicant shall not be below twenty (20) nor over thirty-five (35)
years of age: Provided, further, That any applicant not meeting the weight requirement
shall be given reasonable time but not exceeding six (6) months within which to
comply with the said requirement: Provided, furthermore, That only applicants who
have finished second year college or have earned at least seventy-two (72) collegiate
units leading to a bachelor's decree shall be eligible for appointment: Provided,
furthermore, That anybody who will enter the service without a baccalaureate degree
shall be given a maximum of four (4) years to obtain the required educational
qualification: Provided, finally, That a waiver for height requirement shall be
automatically granted to applicants belonging to the cultural communities.

Section 16. Selection Criteria Under the Waiver Program. The selection of
applicants under the Waiver Program shall be subject to the following minimum
criteria:
a) Applicants who possess the least disqualification shall take precedence over those
who possess more disqualifications.
b) The requirements shall be waived in the following order: (a) age, (b) height, (c)
weight, and (d) education.
The Commission shall promulgate rules and regulations to address other situations
arising from the waiver of the entry requirements.
Section 17. Nature of Appointment Under a Waiver Program. Any PNP uniformed
personnel who is admitted due to the waiver of the educational or weight requirements
shall be issued a temporary appointment pending the satisfaction of the requirement
waived. Any member who will fail to satisfy any of the waived requirements within
the specified time periods under Section 13 of this Act shall be dismissed from the
service.
Section 18. Re-application of Dismissed PNP Members Under a Waiver Program.
Any PNP member who shall be dismissed under a waiver program shall be eligible to
re-apply for appointment to the PNP: Provided, That he or she possesses the minimum
qualifications under Section 14 of this Act and his or her reappointment is not by
virtue of another waiver program.
Section 19. The Field Training Program. All uniformed members of the PNP shall
undergo a Field Training Program for twelve (12) months involving actual experience
and assignment in patrol, traffic, and investigation as a requirement for permanency of
their appointment.
Section 20. Increased Qualifications for Provincial Directors. No person may be
appointed Director of a Provincial Police Office unless:
a) he or she holds a master's degree in public administration, sociology, criminology,
criminal justice, law enforcement, national security administration, defense studies, or
other related discipline from a recognized institution of learning; and
b) has satisfactorily passed the required training and career courses necessary for the
position as may be established by the Commission.

Any PNP personnel who is currently occupying the position but lacks any of the
qualifications mentioned above shall be given three (3) years upon the effectivity of
this Act to comply with the requirements; otherwise he or she shall be relieved from
the position.
Section 21. Section 32 of Republic Act No. 6975 is hereby amended to read as
follows:
"SEC. 32. Examinations of Policemen. The National Police Commission shall
administer the entrance and promotional examinations for policemen on the basis of
the standards set by the Commission."
Section 22. Section 34 of Republic Act No. 6975 is hereby amended to read as
follows:
"SEC. 34. Qualifications of Chief of City and Municipal Police Stations. No person
shall be appointed chief of a city police station unless he/she is a graduate of Bachelor
of Laws or has finished all the required courses of a master's degree program in public
administration, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, national security
administration, defense studies, and other related disciplines from a recognized
institution of learning. No person shall be appointed chief of a municipal police
station unless he or she has finished at least second year Bachelor of Laws or has
earned at least twelve (12) units in a master's degree program in public administration,
criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, national security administration, and
other related disciplines from a recognized institution of learning: Provided, That
members of the Bar with at least five (5) years of law practice, licensed criminologists
or graduates of the Philippine National Police Academy and who possess the general
qualifications for initial appointment to the PNP shall be qualified for appointment as
chief of a city or municipal police station: Provided, further, That the appointee has
successfully passed the required field training program and has complied with other
requirements as may be established by the Commission: Provided, furthermore, That
the chief of police shall be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 51,
paragraph (b), subparagraph 4(i) of this Act."
Section 23. Qualifications Upgrading Program. The Commission shall design and
establish a qualifications upgrading program for the Philippine National Police
officers and members in coordination with the Civil Service Commission, and the
Commission on Higher Education through a distance education program and/or an inservice education program or other similar programs within ninety (90) days from the
effectivity of this Act.

History of PNP
RA 6975- An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police Under e Reorganized
Department of the Department of the Interior and Local Government and for Other
Purposes ended the existence of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated
National Police. Amended by RA 8551.
PNP- Countrys Police Force
NAPOLCOM- The Agency that Supervise, Administer and Controlled the PNP.
8551- PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998 Amended by RA 9708.
IAS- Internal Affairs Service, the watchdog of the PNP. It is an organization within
the structure of the PNP.
Organic Act 175- creating insular police force. An Act providing for the organization
of an insular Constabulary and for the inspection of the Municipal police.
Cesar P. Nazareno First Police Director General/ PNP Chief.
Raul S. Imperial - Second Police Director General/ PNP Chief.
Umberto R. Rodriguez - Third Police Director General/ PNP Chief, Appointed by
President Fidel V. Ramos.
Kempetai- Japanese police force ruled in the Philippines.
Manila Police Department (MPD) created during the first American Occupation
renamed into Metropolitan Constabulary under the Bureau of Constabulary. By
virtue of Act Nr. 183 of the Philippine Commission.
Insular Police Force established during the Filipino American War upon
recommendation of the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War.
Insular Constabulary created by virtue Act. Nr. 175
Capt. George Curry US Army officer appointed by TAFT COMMISSION and the
1st CHIEF OF POLICE of MPD.
Capt. Columbus Piatt the Last American COP of MPD.

October 3, 1901 Insular constabulary was changed to Philippine Constabulary by

virtue of Act Nr. 225
Brig/Gen. Henry T. Allen 1st Chief of Philippine Constabulary. Father of PC.
Brig/Gen. Rafael T. Crame 1st Filipino COP of PC.
Col. Antonio C. Torres 1st Filipino COP when Manila Police Department became an
all Filipino Organization
Col. Marcus Ellis Jones a US Provost Marshall who was named MPD COP just after
Manila Liberation.
Col. Lamberto T. Javalera 1st COP of MPD appointed by Pres. Roxas under the
Republic Government.
RA 4864 Police Act of 1966, police commission under office of the president of the
Philippines. This law gives birth to NAPOLCOM
RA 6040 amended certain section of RA 2260 known as the Civil Service Act of
1969.
PD 765 PC/INP Law. Establishing and constituted the Integrated national police
which shall be composed of PC as the nucleus and the integrated police forces (fire
and jail department) as components.
PD 1184 The Integrated National Police Personnel Professionalization Act of 1977.
Article XVI Section 6 of the Philippine Constitution The state shall established and
maintain one police force, which shall be national in scope and civilian in character, to
be administer and controlled by the NAPOLCOM.
RA 541 Police Pension Law
PD 1184 Police Professionalization Law of 1977, gives birth to the PNPA.
EO 1040 transferred the administrative control and supervision on INP from
Ministry on National Defense (MND) to the NAPOLCOM.

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Philippines Pearl of the Orient, comprises more than 7,100 islands.

1898 The Spanish-American War ended.
Martial Law imposed by President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
Pearl Harbor- the Japanese surprise attack in America
Clark field in Pampanga- bombing mission of Japanese in the Philippines.
Hiroshima & Nagasaki City in Japan wherein the American Air Force drops a
Nuclear Bomb.
People Power Movement 4 day protest in Manila, in EDSA
Ferdinand Magellan 1st recorded European contact with the Philippine Island.
Cebu Island of ZUGBO, Humabon in waging a battle against a rival chieftain, LapuLapu of Mactan. The Capital of the new Spanish colony.
1565 1st Spanish settlement in the Philippines was established on cebu by Miguel
Lopez de Legaspi.
Rajah Soliman controlled an area of Luzon. The NEW Capital of the Spanish
colony.
KKK kataastaasan kagalang galang na katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan,
KATIPUNAN, organized by Andres Bonifacio.
Biac-na-bato a place that in negotiated truce.
Treaty of Paris Peace negotiation between spain and the United States.
William Howard Taft President of United States appointed General MacArthur to
rule and govern the Philippines.
Deep-water harbor at subic bay, major anchorage for the US naval fleet.
Jones Act instituted an elected Philippine senate and compromised eventual
independence.

Franklin D. Roosevelt New President of US who supports the Tydings-McDuffie

Act of 1934 stipulated that the Philippines would become an independent republic on
July 4, 1946.
HUKBALAHAPS- hukbong ng bayan laban sa hapon
1944 Osmenia succeeded Quezon, who died in the US.
April 1946- Roxas became the 1st president of the new republic.
April 1948 Roxas died and was succeeded by Vice President Quirino, who won
presidency in 1949.
Luis Taruc HUKS Leader.
1953- Magsaysay was the clear winner in the presidential election.
March 1957 Magsaysay died in plane crash and was succeeded by his vice president
Carlos Garcia, and was elected president in his own right in November 1957.
1961 - Diosdado Macapagal win the presidency.
1965 election gave to presidency to Ferdinand E. Marcos. The 1st president who
win a second term.
September 21, 1972 President Ferdinand E. Marcos Proclaimed Martial Law by
virtue of Proclamation No. 1081.
EDSA epifanio de los Santos Avenue
Mendiola Massacre government security forces opened fire on the protester and
killed 20 people.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Criminal is a person convicted of a crime by a final judgment

Suspect arrested for the commission of a crime and he is in the law enforcement
stage.

Respondent in the prosecution stage

Accused in court
Criminal or Convict or Inmate in correction
Ex-convict in the community
Crime - is an act or omission punishable by law, forbidding or commanding it.
Felony crime punishable by Revised Penal Code (RA.3815)
Offense crime punishable by special penal laws.
Misdemeanor or Violation or Obstruction of Ordinance crime punishable by
municipal or city ordinances
Justice is the act of rendering what are due or treating persons equally.
System is a combination of related elements organized into a complex prevention
and control of crime.
Criminal Justice System is the machinery which the society uses in prevention and
control crime.
Law Enforcement First component and pillar of the CJS. They are called the police,
conducts arrest, search seizures, etc. The prime mover or front liner of the CJS. (also
BIR) They are the one who file complaint.
Prosecution conducts preliminary investigation to determine the existence of
probable cause. The one who file information.
Court conducts trial to determine whether the accused is guilty or innocent of the
charge. The arbiter of Justice. The cornerstone or centerpiece of the CJS.
Correction reforms and rehabilitates the offenders. This is known as the weakest
pillar in CJS.
Community molds persons from birth and reintegrates offender back to their home.
This is the core of the CJS.
Teodulo Natividad introduced CJS in the Philippines

LAW ENFORCEMENT

Public Relation is the act of bringing about better understanding , confidence, and
acceptance of an individual or an organization.
Police Community Relation is defined as the sum total dealings of the police with
the people it serves and whose goodwill and cooperation it craves for to insure the
greatest possible efficiency in the public service.
Police Public Relation is the continuing process by which endeavors are made to
obtain the goodwill and cooperation of the public for the effective enforcement of the
law and the accomplishment of police purpose.
Human Relation consists of fundamental precepts, both moral and legal which
governs the relationship among men in all aspects of life.
Crime Desire + Opportunity (to commit a crime) over Resistance (not to commit a
crime)
Arrest is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may bound to answer
for the commission of an offense.
Warrant of Arrest is an order in writing issued in the name of People of the
Philippines, signed by the judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to
arrest a person or persons stated therein and deliver them before the court.
Inflagrante Delicto caught in the act of committing a crime
Search Warrant - is an order in writing issued in the name of People of the Philippines,
signed by the judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for
personal property described therein and deliver them before the court.
Custodial Investigation is any questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after
a person has been taken into custody of otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in
any significant way.
Miranda Rights Miranda vs. Arizona, Constitutional Rights of persons under
investigation for the commission of an offense.

Doctrine of the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree any evidence illegally obtained is not
admissible in any proceeding.
Confession direct acknowledgement of guilt.
Admission - indirect acknowledgement of guilt.
RA 7438 An Act Defining certain rights of person arrested, detained, or under
custodial investigation as well as the duties of the arresting, detaining and
investigating officers, and providing penalties for violation thereof.

PROSECUTION

Inquest Proceeding - is a proceeding done by the inquest prosecutor to determine the

validity of a warrantless arrest.
Preliminary Investigation is an inquiry held for the purpose of ascertaining whether
or not probable cause is present.
Probable Cause is the existence of sufficient ground to engender well founded belief
that a crime has been committed and the respondent is probably guilty thereof.
RA 9344 Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of 2006.
Complaint is a sworn written statement charging a person with an offense,
subscribed by the offended party, any peace officer, or other public officer charged
with the enforcement of the law violated.
Information is an accusation in writing charging a person with an offense,
subscribed by the prosecutor and filed in court.

COURT

Judge is an officer so named in his commission who presides in some court; a public
officer, appointed to preside to and administer the law in a court of justice.

Jurisdiction is the power and authority to hear, try, and decide a case.
Certification Against Forum Shopping the complainant, plaintiff, or principal party
shall certify under oath in his complaint or other initiatory pleading asserting a claim
of relief.
Arraignment is made in an open court by the judge or clerk furnishing the accused
of the copy of the complaint of information, reading the same in a language or dialect
known to him, and asking him whether he pleads guilty or not guilty.
Bail is a security given for the release of a person in custody of the law, furnish by
him or a bondsman, to guarantee his appearance before any court as required under
the conditions specified by law.
Recognizance is the release of the defendant on the custody of a responsible
member of the community who shall guarantee his appearance whenever required by
the court.
Proof beyond Reasonable Doubt is the degree of proof which produces conviction in
an unprejudiced mind.
Preponderance of Evidence means that the testimony adduced by one side is more
credible and conclusive that the other.
Substantial Evidence is the relevant evidence which the reasonable mind might
accepts as adequate to support a conclusion.
Quash literally to put stop. It is the act of formally declaring that the law or a courts
verdict is invalid.
Trial is the examination before a competent tribunal, according to the laws of the
land, of the facts and issue of the case, for the purpose of determining such issue.
Alibi is an averment that the person was at another place for such a period of time
that it was impossible for him to have been at the place where the act was committed
at the time of its commission.
Judgment is adjudication by the court that the accused is guilty or not guilty of the
offense charged and the imposition of him of the proper penalty and civil liability, if
any.

Appeal is a resort to a superior court to review the decision of an inferior court or

administrative agency.

CORRECTION

Prisoners are those convicted by final judgment.

Detainees are those undergoing investigation/trial, or awaiting trial/sentence.
Department of Justice it holds the Bureau of Prisons
Old Bilibid Prison at present Manila City Jail.
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) administer at the city and
municipal jails. It is under the (DILG) Department of Interior and Local Government.
Provincial Jail administer by Provincial Government
Prisons administered by (BuCor) Bureau of Correction, deprived of their liberty for
more than 3 years.
Jails are housing persons who are deprived of their liberty for not more than 3 years.
Probation is a disposition under which a defendant, after conviction and sentence, is
released subject to conditions imposed by the court and under the supervision of a
probation officer.
Interlocutory Order is one which does not finally determine a cause of action but
only decides some intervening matter pertaining to the cause.
Pardon is an executive clemency granted by the President/Chief Executive.
Pardoning Power of the President
Amnesty is an act of sovereign power granting oblivion or general pardon for a past
offense usually granted in favor of certain classes of persons who have committed
crimes of political character, such as character, such as treason, sedition, and rebellion.
Parole is the suspension of sentence of a convict after having served the minimum
sentence imposed without granting pardon, prescribing the terms of the suspension.

Commutation is an act of the President reducing the penalty of a convict.

Reprieve and Suspension the temporary stay or postponement of sentence.

COMMUNITY

Community is a group of persons living I a particular place.

Home Cradle of human personality
Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman
entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.
Is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship.
School is an institution or place for instruction or education.
Church is the religious society founded and established by Jesus Christ to receive,
preserve, and propagate His doctrines and ordinances.
Government is the organization, or agency through which a political unit exercises
its authority, controls and administers public policy, and directs and controls the
actions of its members or subjects.