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Exam 1 solutions
Exam 1 Solutions
Note
that
there
are
several
variations
of
some
problems,
indicated
by
choices
in
parentheses.
Problem
1
What
is
the
total
enclosed
charge
in
the
shown
cube
if
the
electric
field
is
given
by
(a)
16
0
(b)
0
(c)
4
0
(d)
32
0
(e)
0
Because
of
the
directions
of
the
electric
field,
the
flux
could
only
be
non-zero
for
the
top-bottom
and
left-right
faces.
However,
because
the
field
also
depends
on
y,
the
only
non-zero
contribution
is
for
the
top
face.
The
left
and
right
faces
have
a
constant
field
and
so
no
net
flux.
qenc = 0 = 0 T = 0 ET A T
= 0 (2)2 (2)2 = 16 0
or = 0 2(2)2 (2)2 = 32 0
Recall
that
flux
is
positive
when
the
field
points
out
from
a
closed
surface.
Problem
2
What
is
the
x
component
of
the
electric
field
at
the
center
of
the
square
array
of
charged
particles
with
q1
=
+2q
,
q2
=
+2q
(or
+3q
)
,
q3
=
+2q
,
and
q4
=
+q
?
The
side
length
a
=
10
cm
and
q
=
2
x
10-9
C
(a)
-2550
N/C
(b)
3600
N/C
(c)
-5100
N/C
(d)
1270
N/C
(e)
0
Note
that
the
electric
field
contributions
from
q1
and
q3
cancel
since
the
charges
are
equal.
The
charges
q2
and
q4
are
unequal,
so
the
net
imbalance
is
+q
(or
+2q)
in
the
location
of
q2.
Exam 1 solutions
Ex = K
(a
q
2 /2
2
= 2550 N/C
2
or Ex = K
(a
2q
2 /2
2
= 5100 N/C
2
Dont
forget
the
field
points
away
from
+
charge,
and
you
have
to
project
onto
the
x
axis.
Problem
3
Two
identical
conducting
spheres
are
separated
by
a
fixed
distance
of
d=30cm,
which
is
much
larger
than
the
sphere
radius.
The
sphere
charges
are
initially
q1
=
+1.0nC
and
q2
=
-3.0nC
(or
-4.0nC
or
-5.0nC).
They
are
then
connected
by
a
thin
conducting
wire
and
then
disconnected.
What
is
the
magnitude
of
the
electrostatic
force
in
N
between
the
spheres?
(1)
10-7
(2)
2x10-7
(3)
3x10-7
(4)
4x10-7
(5)
5x10-7
When
the
wire
is
connected,
the
total
net
charge
is
shared
and
split
equally
between
the
two
identical
spheres.
Therefore
after
disconnecting,
each
sphere
will
have
a
charge
of
(+1
3)/2
=
-1
nC
(or
-1.5
nC
or
-2.0
nC).
The
electric
force
is
then:
Problem
4
A
particle
with
charge
q1=-0.4e
is
at
x=0
and
another
particle
with
charge
q2=+3e
is
at
x=0.63m.
At
what
location
along
the
x
axis
and
with
what
charge
could
a
third
particle
be
placed
in
order
to
bring
the
entire
system
into
electrostatic
equilibrium
(all
particles
stationary)?
(1)
x=-0.37m,
q=+e
(2)
x=+1.0m,
q=-e
(3)
x=+1.26m,
q=-0.4e
(4)
x=-0.63m,
q=+3e
(5)
x=-0.21m,
q=+e
The
simplest
way
to
solve
this
is
to
just
try
each
choice
for
the
third
particle
and
see
if
all
forces
on
each
particle
vanish.
For
example,
lets
find
the
net
force
on
particle
1.
qq
qq
F1,net = F12 + F13 = K 1 22 1 2 3
,
where
the
sign
depends
on
the
direction
x
0.63
of
the
force
from
the
third
particle.
Exam 1 solutions
The
force
from
the
presence
of
particle
2
is
attractive,
so
in
the
+x
direction.
If
another
positively
charged
particle
is
placed
with
x
<
0,
the
force
also
would
be
attractive
but
in
the
x
direction,
potentially
cancelling
the
force
from
the
second
particle
by
choosing
the
-
sign
for
.
We
see
that
by
substituting
in
x=-0.37m,
q3=+e
yields
a
net
force
that
(approximately)
vanishes.
(and
it
does
so
also
for
the
net
force
on
particles
2
and
3).
Some
of
the
other
choices
might
lead
to
the
particle
at
x=0
to
be
stationary,
but
the
outer
charges
would
not
be.
Problem
5
An
electron
is
positioned
0.5cm
above
a
large,
flat
non-conducting
sheet
of
charge
of
surface
charge
density
=
+2.0
C/m2.
When
released
from
rest,
how
long
does
it
take
the
electron
to
reach
the
sheet?
(me
=
9.11x
10-31kg,
e=1.6x
10-19C).
(1)
7
x
10-10s
(2)
2
x
1016s
(3)
3
x
10-5s
(4)
105s
(5)
5
x10-19s
The
electric
field
from
a
large
sheet
is
E =
2 0
The
electron
is
negatively
charged
and
accelerates
toward
it
with
acceleration:
F eE
e
a=
=
=
me me 2 0 me
The
distance
it
falls
is
0.5cm,
so
we
can
solve
for
the
time:
1
d = 0.005m = at 2
2
2d2 0 me
10
t =
= 7 10 s
e
In
case
you
worry
about
neglecting
gravity,
the
acceleration
itself
from
the
electric
field
is
2 1016
m/s2,
so
yes
it
can
be
neglected.
Exam 1 solutions
Problem
6
A
glass
rod
forms
a
quarter
circle
of
radius
R=2.5cm
with
a
charge
of
q=+10-11C
distributed
uniformly
along
it.
What
is
the
x
component
of
the
electric
field
at
the
center
of
the
arc
(the
origin
of
the
axes
shown)?
(1)
-92
N/C
(2)
-144
N/C
(3)
520
N/C
(4)
-23
N/C
(5)
0
The
direction
of
the
electric
field
from
the
quarter
circle
would
be
down
and
to
the
left
at
45
degrees
by
symmetry.
So
the
x
component
would
be
negative.
The
magnitude
is
given
by:
q
=
= 2.55 10 10 C/m
R
2
dq = ds = Rd
/2 dq
/2 Rd
Ex = k 2 cos = k
cos
0
0
R
R2
= k sin |0 /2 = k
R
R
= 92 N/C
Exam 1 solutions
Problem
7
A
rod
of
charge
per
unit
length
1
is
surrounded
by
a
thin,
concentric
cylinder
of
charge
per
unit
length
2
and
radius
R
(see
figure).
What
is
the
magnitude
of
the
electric
field
at
a
radius
r<R
(or
r>R)?
(1)
1
/
(2
0
r)
(2)
(1
+
2)
/
(2
0
r)
(3)
(1
-
2)
/
(2
0
r)
(4)
2
/
(2
0
r)
(5)
0
Use
Gauss
Law
to
solve
for
the
electric
field
based
on
the
charge
enclosed:
=
E d A = E ( r ) dA = E ( r ) 2 rL
S
since
E
is
constant
at
a
fixed
radius.
Then
set
this
equal
to
the
charge
enclosed
over
0.
1 L
,r<R
0
qenc
= E ( r ) 2 rL =
=
0 ( 1 + 2 ) L
,r>R
,r<R
2 0 r
E (r ) =
( 1 + 2 ) , r > R
2 r
0
Exam 1 solutions
Problem
8
What
is
the
equivalent
capacitance
in
F
of
the
circuit
shown
if
each
capacitor
has
a
capacitance
of
1F?
(1)
6/11
(2)
11/6
(3)
6
(4)
5/6
(5)
1/6
Capacitors
C2,
C3,
and
C4
are
in
parallel
with
each
other.
Therefore
their
capacitances
add,
giving
3
F.
Similarly
capacitors
C5
and
C6
are
in
parallel
with
each
other,
giving
capacitance
2
F.
This
then
gives
us
3
capacitors
in
series
with
capacitances
1
F,
2
F,
and
3
F.
So
the
total
capacitance
is:
1
1
6
1 1 1
6 + 3+ 2
Ceq = + + =
= F
1 2 3
6
11
Problem
9
In
the
shown
figure,
a
potential
difference
of
V
=
12V
is
applied
across
the
arrangement
of
capacitors
with
capacitances
of
C1
=
C2
=
4F,
and
C3
=
1F.
What
is
the
charge
q3
on
one
of
the
plates
of
capacitor
C3?
(1)
12C
(2)
24C
(3)
36C
(4)
6C
(5)
48C
The
voltage
applied
across
capacitor
C3
is
V.
Therefore
the
charge
q3
on
its
plates
is
q3 = CV = (12V) (1F ) = 12 C
No
need
to
compute
the
equivalent
capacitance
of
the
circuit.
Exam 1 solutions
Problem
10
The
figure
gives
the
magnitude
of
the
electric
field
inside
and
outside
a
solid
sphere
with
a
positive
charge
distributed
uniformly
throughout
its
volume.
The
scale
of
the
vertical
axis
is
set
by
Es
=
5.0
x
107
N/C.
What
is
the
total
charge
of
the
sphere?
(1)
2.2C
(2)
110C
(3)
0.5C
(4)
55C
(5)
0
The
diagram
shows
the
electric
field
magnitude
both
inside
and
outside
of
a
solid
sphere
with
a
uniform
charge
density.
The
change
in
shape
at
r=2cm
indicates
the
outer
radius
of
the
sphere.
Outside
a
sphere,
the
electric
field
has
the
magnitude
of
that
of
a
point
charge
at
the
center
of
the
sphere:
Q
E = K 2
r
So
we
can
solve
for
the
charge
Q
by
using
the
field
magnitude
at
r=2cm:
5 10 7 N/C )
(
E 2
Q= r =
( 0.02m )2 = 2.2 C
9
2
2
K
( 9 10 Nm / C )
Problem
11
An
air-filled
parallel-plate
capacitor
has
a
capacitance
of
1F
and
has
a
potential
difference
of
100V
between
the
plates.
If
the
gap
between
the
plates
is
inserted
with
a
dielectric
material
with
dielectric
constant
=
2.5,
how
much
additional
energy
is
required
to
do
this
if
the
potential
difference
is
maintained
at
100V?
(1)
7.5
x
10-3
J
(2)
1.25
x
10-2
J
(3)
5.0
x
10-3
J
(4)
2.0
x
10-3
J
(5)
0
Lets
calculate
the
energy
for
each
configuration:
1
1
U1 = C1V 2
U 2 = C2V 2
2
2
Now
the
capacitance
of
the
parallel
plate
capacitor
with
a
dielectric
is:
C2 = C1
.
So
1
U = U 2 U1 = ( 1) C1V 2
2
1
2
6
3
= (1.5 ) 1 10 F (100 V) = 7.5 10 J
2
Exam 1 solutions
Problem
12
Consider
the
electric
dipole
shown
in
the
figure,
where
the
distance
r
to
point
P
is
much
larger
than
the
dipole
separation
distance
d.
If
the
distance
r
is
doubled,
what
is
the
ratio
of
the
magnitude
of
the
electric
field
at
the
new
location
to
that
at
the
original
position?
(1)
1/8
(2)
8
(3)
(4)
4
(5)
The
total
electric
field
is
the
sum
of
the
contributions
from
each
charge.
For
large
r
this
was
shown
to
fall-off
as
r-3:
qd
ETOT K 3
r
Therefore,
when
the
distance
is
doubled,
the
field
magnitude
is
1/8
of
the
initial
value.
Problem
13
Consider
a
non-conducting
horizontal
plane
with
a
charge
density
of
=
3
nC/m2.
A
small
ball
of
charge
q
=
2
nC
floats
above
the
plane
in
the
Earth's
gravitational
field.
What
is
the
ball's
mass?
(A)
3.45
x
10-8
kg.
(B)
6.92
x
10-8
kg.
(C)
5.51
x
10-9
kg
(D)
8.69
x
10-7
kg
(E)
6.92
x
10-4
kg
The
electric
field
above
the
plate
points
upward
with
magnitude
E
=/20,
hence
the
electrostatic
force
on
the
ball
is
Fe
=
q
/20
upward.
The
only
other
force
is
gravity,
which
points
down
and
has
magnitude
Fg
=
mg.
For
the
ball
not
to
move
we
must
have
Fe
=
Fg,
which
implies
m
=
q
/2
g
0.
Exam 1 solutions
Problem
14
A
cylinder
of
radius
1
cm
contains
a
negative
charge
density
whose
magnitude
grows
linearly
with
radius
from
zero
with
slope
5
pC/m4.
What
is
the
direction
and
magnitude
of
the
electric
field
0.5
cm
from
the
central
axis?
(A)
inward,
4.71
x
10-6
N/C
(B)
outward,
4.71
x
10-6
N/C
(C)
none,
zero
(D)
inward,
7.06
x
10-6
N/C
(E)
outward,
7.06
x
10-6
N/C
Use
Gauss's
law:
In
step
one
we
use
symmetry
to
infer
that
the
electric
field
is
radial,
with
magnitude
E(r),
where
r
is
the
distance
from
the
central
axis.
In
step
2
we
choose
the
surface
to
be
a
cylinder
of
radius
r
and
length
L.
This
makes
the
flux
=
2
L
r
E(r).
In
step
3
we
compute
the
charge
enclosed
in
the
surface.
To
grow
linearly
(from
zero)
with
r
the
negative
charge
density
must
have
the
form
=
-'
r,
where
'
=
5
pC/m4.
Hence
the
charge
enclosed
is:
r
2 L
Q = L ( ' x )2 xdx =
r 3
0
3
Now
use
Gauss's
law
to
set
=
Q/0,
implying
2
E (r ) =
3 0
Problem
15
The
electric
field
vector
is
E ( x, y ) = ia + jb ,
where
a
and
b
are
constants.
What
is
the
electric
potential
V(x,y)
for
this
field?
(A)
-a
x
-
b
y
(B)
a
x
+
b
y
(C)
a
x
(D)
ab
(E)
-a
b
x
y
Recall
that
the
electric
field
is
minus
the
gradient
of
the
potential.
Start
with
the
x
component:
V
Ex = a =
x
This
implies
V(x,y)
=
-a
x
+
C(y),
where
C(y)
is
an
arbitrary
function
of
y.
Exam 1 solutions
Now
use
the
y
component:
V
Ey = b =
= C ' ( y )
y
This
implies
C(y)
=
-b
y
+
const.
Hence
we
have
V(x,y)
=
-a
x
-
b
y
+
const.
The
constant
is
not
fixed
but
only
the
first
answer
has
the
correct
dependence
upon
x
and
y.
Problem
16
The
electric
potential
is
V(x,y)
=
A
sin(k
x)
cos(k
y),
where
A
and
k
are
constants.
What
is
the
y
component
of
the
electric
field?
(A)
A
k
sin(k
x)
sin(k
y)
(B)
-A
k
sin(k
x)
sin(k
y)
(C)
A/k
sin(k
x)
cos(k
y)
(D)
A
k
sin(k
y)
(E)
A
cos(k
y)
Recall
again
that
the
electric
field
is
minus
the
gradient
of
the
potential.
Hence
V
Ey = b =
= Asin ( kx ) ( k ) sin ( ky ) = kA in ( kx ) in ( ky )
y
Problem
17
Four
identical
charges
q
are
arranged
in
a
square
of
side
length
d.
What
is
the
electrostatic
energy
of
this
system
in
units
of
q2/0d?
(A)
0.43
(B)
0.48
(C)
0.32
(D)
0.40
(E)
0.22
Label
the
charges
1,
2,
3,
and
4,
proceeding
counter-clockwise
around
the
qq
square.
Each
pair
of
charges
contributes
to
the
potential
energy
as
i j
4 0 rij
where
rij
is
the
distance
from
qi
to
qj.
The
pairs
12,
23,
34,
and
41
are
all
a
distance
d
apart;
pairs
13
and
24
are
a
distance
2d
apart.
Hence
the
total
potential
energy
is
q2
1
1 q2 4 + 2
q2
U=
+
= 0.43
1+ 1+ 1+ 1+
=
4 0 d
0d
2
2 0 d 4
Exam 1 solutions
Problem
18
A
conducting
cylinder
of
radius
2
cm
contains
4
pC/m
of
Charge
along
its
length.
An
electron
is
released
from
rest
5
cm
from
the
central
axis.
What
is
its
kinetic
energy
in
electron
volts
when
it
hits
the
cylinder?
(A)
0.0659
(B)
0.0719
(C)
0.132
(D)
0.414
(E)
It
never
hits
By
Gauss's
law
the
electric
field
points
outward
with
magnitude
E
=
/
(20r).
Hence
the
electric
potential
difference
from
r=a
to
r=b
is
Vab
=
-/(20)
ln(b/a).
The
electron
starts
at
a
=
5
cm
and
moves
to
b
=
2
cm,
so
it
loses
a
potential
energy
of
(e
)
/
(2
0)
ln(5/2),
which
becomes
its
kinetic
energy.
It
is
also
useful
to
recall
that
one
volt
equals
1
J/C
=
1
N-m/C,
i.e.
1
electron
volt
=
e(1
V)
=
1.6x10-19
J.
Problem
19
A
capacitor
is
constructed
by
stacking
three
large
conducting
plates,
each
with
surface
area
A,
on
top
of
each
other.
The
middle
plate
is
suspended
a
distance
d
above
the
lower
plate.
The
top
plate
is
suspended
a
distance
2d
above
the
middle
plate.
If
the
top
plate
is
maintained
at
potential
V,
and
the
bottom
plate
is
at
zero
potential,
how
much
charge
is
there
on
the
bottom
surface
of
the
top
plate?
Express
your
answer
as
a
number
times
0
A
V/d.
(A)
1/3
(B)
(C)
1
(D)
2
(E)
3
Recall
that
a
parallel
plate
capacitor
of
area
A
and
height
h
has
capacitance
C
=
0
A/h.
The
top
stack
has
capacitance
C1
=
0
A/2d
and
the
bottom
stack
has
C2
=
0
A/d.
They
are
in
series
so
the
total
capacitance
is
Ceq
=
(C1
C2)/(C1
+
C2)
=
(1/3
)
0
A/d
.
Hence
the
charge
must
be
Q
=
Ceq
V
=
(1/3)
0
A
V
/
d.
Exam 1 solutions
Problem
20
Consider
the
capacitor
formed
by
a
conducting
sphere
of
radius
R,
with
the
other
surface
at
infinity.
What
is
the
capacitance
of
this
system?
(A)
4
0
R
(B)
4
0
(C)
4
0/R
(D)
2
0
R
(E)
2
0/R
Recall
how
to
compute
capacitance
of
two
conducting
surfaces:
Place
charge
Q
on
the
two
surfaces,
compute
the
potential
difference
between
them,
and
then
take
C
=
Q/V.
If
we
place
a
charge
Q
on
the
sphere
then
its
potential
difference
with
respect
to
the
surface
at
infinity
is
V
=
Q
/
(4
0
R).
Hence
the
capacitance
is
C
=
4
0
R.
Note
also
that
it
takes
the
form
of
a
length
times
0,
as
it
always
must.