PGi ee ee ee ed ea a Set AL er 2005 Prentice Hall CHAPTER 2 (Class Width ‘Maximum dat of (round up to next convenient number) a entry — Minimum data entry Number of classes (Lower class limit) + (Upper class limit) a : Felt Prep = SEE veesten sac «= EE Z(2-™) wig Men = 202) Range = (Maximum entry) ~ (Minimum entry) bits Population Variance: o? = Population Standard Deviation: Lx Sample Variance: # = =2 E(x - xP Sample Standard Devntion: s = Vi? = == 22 a-i Semple Standard Deviation for Grouped Date: [zu Von Empirical Rule (or 689599.7 Rule) For data with a (eymmetrc) bell-shaped distribution “About 68% of the data lies between jz ~ @ and uta. About 95% of the data lies between . ~ 20 and wl. About 99.7% of the data lies between p.— 3 a t 30, 4p and Chebycher’s Theorem The portion of any data set lying within k standard deviations (k > 1) of the mean is at 1 east 1 ~ st = 3 Standard Score: z = CHAPTER 3. Classical (or Theoretical) Probability: Number of outcomes in E P(E) = Fetal number of outcomes in sample space Epa (Sasi) Pry eqn of E nay = Sgt Total frequency Probability of a Complement: P(E") = 1 ~ P(E) Probability of occurrence of both events A and B: P(Aand B) = P(A)- P(BIA) P(A and B) = P(A)-P(B)if A and B are independent Probability of occurrence of either A or B or both: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) ~ P(Aand B) P(A o¢ B) = P(A) + PCB) ifevent ae maoay exclusive, Permutations of m objects taken r at a time: ap where r =n @ Distinguishable Permutations: 7, alike, nz alike, ny alik mln my + man, where my + 1p + ny to Combination of n objects taken r ui a timeEa Tey Cendant Leena dC Serer CHAPTER 4 Mean of a Discrete Random Variable: = ExP(x) Variance of a Discrete Random Variable: oF = E(x ~ w)PP(x) Standard Deviation: « = Vo? Expected Value: E(x) = 4 = ExP(x) Binomial Probability of x successes in trials we re P(x) = Cpe = a Population Parameters ofa Binomial Distribution: Mean: = np Variance: 0 = npg Standard Deviation: « = Viipq Geometric Distribution: ‘The probability that the first success will occur on trial number x is P(x) = p(q)"~', where g = 1 — p. Poisson Distribution: ‘The probability of exactly x occurrences in an interval is where ¢ = 2.71828, Pa) CHAPTER 5 Standard Score, or :-Seore: Value — Mean ‘Standard deviation ‘Transforming a z-Score to an x-Value: x= w+ 20 Central Limit Theorem (Mean of the Sample Means) Central Limit Taeorem (Standard Error) Central Limit Theorem ain CHAPTER 6 Confidence Interval for x: F- E< pe <¥+E where E = 2,-% if o is known and the population is normal or n= 30, and E = (,~5 if the population is if the popula normal, ¢ is unknown, and n < 30. Minimum Sample Size to Estimate pn = Point Estimate for p, the population proportion of succenses: = = jon Proportion p ‘c-Confidence Interval for Popul Caen Sle PEPYS Se Bony Mina Sng So Bate» = 9 Confidence Interval for Population Variance (n= 1) (=I egg Bae XR x «Confidence Interval for Population Standard (EERE co 7%LO ur ee od eae eee Geog CHAPTER 7 —E. for o known with a ofVn normal population, or for n = 30. Test for a Mean pw: z Test for a Mean gw: 1 = for @ unknown, x svn" normally distributed, and m < 30. (df. y) Test for a Proportion p (when np = Sand ng = 5): Veain (Chi-Square Test for a Variance or Standard Deviation: (DF (een) a CHapTer 8 ‘Two-Sample z-Test for the Difference Between Means: (Independent samples; m; and 7 = 30 or normally 25, (x +05) - 050 DEVE where x is the smaller number of + or ~ signs and sis the total number of + and — signs. When n = 25, the test statistic is the smaller number of + or — signs. R- un sum of the ranks for the smaller sample, A Deca Fm +i) 2 ‘Test Statistic for Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test: where R rns(m + ma +1) eo + oR and “Test Statistic for the Kruskal-Wallis Test Given three or more independent samples, the test Statistic forthe Kruskal-Wallis test ne NWS nm, * re H +8) -s0 + (of= k= 1) ‘The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient: “Test Statistic for the Runs Test When n; = 20 and ny $ 20, the test statistic is G, the number of runs. When nm; > 200r mz > 20, the test statistic is Gn z= 229, where G = numberof on, ani and og ~ «{ amtoma 5 6 Nm + mim + m1)