THE EASTERN ROMAN () EMPIRE AD 395 - 1453

DYNASTY OF

395 408
408 450
450 457

m. Pulcheria, granddaughter. of
Theodosius I.

DYNASTY OF

457 474
474
474 491
475 476
491 518

(Tarasikodissa)

Sent the Ostrogoths to

regain Italy for the East.

[]

DYNASTY OF

518527
530552

527 565

Rebuilt the Roman

Empire.

In 536, Rome was retaken,and an Exarchate set up at Ravenna in 552 to

govern the Eastern Empire's central and southern Italian holdings.By 568,
however,the Lombards had begun to incur from the north, and the power of
Byzantium in the west waned over the course of the next two centuries.

565 578
578 582
582 602

(vice-ruler) 574- 578

NON-DYNASTIC

602 610

DYNASTY OF

610 641
641

641
641 668
668 685
685 695

Last emperor to visit

Rome.

Banished.

NON-DYNASTIC

69571
7
695 698

These emperors belong to no dynasty and obtained brief power in a

disturbed period.

698 705
705 711
711 - 713

Restored.

713 - 716

716 - 717

(SYRIAN / ICONOCLASTIC) DYNASTY

717 - 741
741 - 775
775-780
780-797

Blinded & murdered by

his mother Irene.

Empress

797-802

Regent 780-790

END OF THE ISAURIAN DYNASTY / NICOPHORAN DYNASTY

802 - 811

Killed in battle by Bulgar

Khan Krum in 811.

811
811 - 813
813 - 820

PHRYGIAN ( ) DYNASTY

820-829
829-842
842-867
867

Drunkard & gambler.

Murdered by Basil I.

[]

MACEDONIAN DYNASTY
867 - 886
886 - 912
886 - 913
912 - 959
919 - 944

924

944 - 945

(?)

944 - 945

959 - 963

Regency of

963
963

Son of Romanus, attempted

usurpation.

Theophano, widow of Romanus II, Regent for her infant sons Basil II and
Constantine VIII (IX).
m. Theophano. Murdered by
John I.

963 - 969

969 - 976

963 - 1025

()

976 - 1028

1028 - 1050

1028 - 1034
Joint
rulers

Held power.

1034 - 1041

1041 - 1042

Porphyrogenita

1042 - 1050
1042
1042 - 1055
1050 - 1056

Zoe

Joint Empress
with Zoe.

married and conferred the diadem on:

()

Sole Empress from 1055

NON-DYNASTIC
1056 - 1057

PRELUDE TO THE COMNENIAN DYNASTY

1057 - 1059
1059 - 1067
1067 - 1071
1071
1071 - 1078

Abdicated.

()

()

Claims title.

1078 - 1081

Revolt of Nicephorus
Bryennius.

DYNASTY OF THE

1081 - 1118
1118 - 1143

1143 - 1180

1180 - 1183
1183 - 1185

DYNASTY OF THE

1185 - 1195
1195 - 1203
1203 - 1204
1203 - 1204
1204

1204

Dethroned

Restored.

Capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, and establishment of Latin

Emperors in the city. The Byzantines withdraw to Nica in Anatolia, but rival
claimants also established holdings in Trebizond and Epirus so that, at one
point, there are four claimants to the Byzantine throne, as well as the Bulgar
and Serb states.

EASTERN ROMAN EMPERORS IN NICA

12041222
12221254
12541258
1258 1261
12591282
1261

Recapture of Constantinople and re-establishment of the Eastern Roman

Emperors

RIVAL EASTERN EMPERORS IN TREBIZOND

12041222
12221235

Returns to
Constantinople.

12351238
12381263
12631266
12661280
128- 1297
12971330
13301332
1332
13321340
1340 1341
1341 1342
1341

Retook Epirus.

Also ruled for a short

time in early 1341.
First rule.

13421344
13441349
13491390
1390 1416
1416 1429

14291459

1459 1461
1461

Restored.

Trebizond falls to Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II.

RIVAL EASTERN EMPERORS IN EPIRUS (THESSALONICA)

1204 1215
1215 1230
1224

Emperor in Thessalonica 1227-30.

Captured by .

The Crusader kingdom of Thessalonica is gained, and the Epirians move their
court there. From 1231, rules Epirus as a subsidiary state.

12301237
12371242
1242

1271 1296

13231335
13351337

Emperor in
Thessalonica.

Thessalonica falls to . Epirus is isolated.

Granted title of Despot of Epirus by
in 1249.

1296 1318
1213 1323

12441246

1231 1271

Emperor in
Thessalonica.

Defeated by , reduced to Despot.

12421244

1246

Re-established his claim

in 1340.

1337&134
0

Epirus absorbed by Byzantine Emperor .

LATIN EMPERORS AT CONSTANTINOPLE

1204
1204
1205
1206
1216
1217
1217
1219
1221
1228
12281237
1228
1261

Backed by Venice and France. The leader of the Fourth Crusade also sets
up other minor states in Greece.

The Byzantine Emperor

returned to Constantinople.

DYNASTY OF THE

1261

Emperor Michael at Nicaea return to Constantinople.

1261
1282
12821328
1293
1320
1320
1328
1328
1341
1341
1376
1341 1354
1348

Knights of the Hospital of

St John of Jerusalem
took Rhodes.

Period of anarchy (Prusa [Bursa] lost to the Ottomans in 1326),

followed by:

Semi-rival to the title sets up a power base in Morea, and in 1354 - 1376
is the only Byzantine power.

DESPOTS OF

13481380
13801383
1383
13831407
14071443
14281449
14281460

1432
1460

Thomas, Despot of Morea

Principality of Achaia inherited.

Mistra, Morea, falls to Ottoman Turk Mehmed II.

Only remaining
claimant for the
Byzantine crown.

Daughter Zoe
married of
Russia.

DYNASTY OF THE (CONTINUED)

13761379
1379 1391

1390
1391 1425
14251448
14491453
1453

Restored.

()

Despot of Morea.
Last Byzantine
Emperor.

Constantinople is captured by Mahomet II of the Ottoman Empire and

Greece becomes an Ottoman province.

1461
1461 1924

Trebizond falls to Mehmet. End of the Roman Empire.

Part of the Ottoman Empire.

FOURTH CRUSADE STATES

1204

All founded by Boniface, Marquis of Montferrat.

KINGDOM OF THESSALONICA
AD 1204-1224

12041207
1224

, Marquis of Montferrat

Founder. Killed.

Falls to the Rival Eastern Emperor in Epirus, who takes title of Emperor of
Thessalonica.

DUCHY OF ATHENS
AD 1205-1456

1456

Conquered by Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II.

PRINCIPALITY OF ACHAIA
AD 1205-1432

1432

Inherited by the Byzantine Palaeologi Dynasty.