RHA AS AN ALTERNATIVE IN K-TYPE CEMENT FOR HERITAGE

STRUCTURES

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Philippines is the 8th largest rice producer country all over the world, and the
husk generated during milling is mostly used as a fuel in the boilers for processing
paddy, producing energy through direct combustion and /or by gasification. About
20 million tons of RHA is produced annually. This RHA is a great environment threat
causing damage to the land and the surrounding area in which it is dumped. Lots of
ways are being thought of for disposing them by commercial use of this RHA. In this
present investigation, OPC was replaced by rice husk ash at various percentage to
study compressive and flexural strength .The need to reduce the cost of ordinary
portland cement in order to provide accommodation for the populace has intensified
research into the use of some locally available materials that could be used as
partial replacement for OPC in Civil Engineering and building works.
An indian chemist, Rajan Vempati thinks rice hull ash could help the concrete
industry produce less carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is released in cement
manufacturing when fuel is burned and limestone is heated. The portland cement
associations says the gas from the limestone is reabsorbed as concrete ages. But
cement manufacturing produces around five percent 5% of the carbon dioxide
released by human activity worldwide. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that may
affect the climate by trapping heat. The process for making rice husk ash heats the
hulls to eight hundred degrees centigrade. Carbon is driven out, and fine particles of
almost pure silica remain. The process releases some carbon dioxide, but Rajan
Vempati says it would be absorbed into the soil naturally.
In this investigation, a project study will be made to use Rice Husk Ash as ktype cement in building heritage structures, and an attempt as well to investigate
the
strength parameter of concrete (Compressive and Flexural). For normal
concrete, Indian Standards (IS) of mixed will be adopted. Five different replacement
levels namely 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% are chosen for the study concerned
for replacement method. A range of curing periods starting from 3 days, 7 days, 28
days and 56 days will be considered for the study.
It is for this cause that the researcher contemplated to find out the
compressive and flexural strength of Rice Husk Ash being used as the k-type
cement in heritage structures. For this study, some impotence will arise: Why
should I use RHA? How will I use it? What will be the advantage using it? And, Is RHA
have the properties and capabilities as well as cement to use as a replacement?

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the study is to Design a K-Type Cement use for Heritage
Structures.
Specifically, it will look into the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

K-Type cement using RHA in different mixtures

Comparison of K-Type cement in existing types
Determination of different mixtures
Production requirements option
Environmental effects

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to determine the compressive and flexural strength of Rice
Husk Ask used as the k-type cement I Heritage Structures.
This study sought to answer the following specific questions:
1. What are the percentage chemical content of Rice husk Ash
a.) Cellulose
b.) lignin
c.) Silica
2. How will this research affect the construction of building works and the
environment?
3. Is there any significant difference between using an Ordinary Portland
Cement and a Rice Husk Ash?

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY

The possibilities that Rice Husk ash is capable to use as a k-type cement for
Heritage Structures.
1. Chemical content of Rice Husk Ash is same as the Ordinary Portland cement
have.
2. The final outcome of this study will have an overall beneficial effect on the
utility of rice husk ash concrete in the field of civil engineering construction
works.
3. The use of Rice Husk Ash in concrete will improve the strength properties of
concrete.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

There no significant difference between the compressive and flexural

strength of Rice Husk Ash and an Ordinary Portland cement.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The proposed study will benefit the farmers for additional income; farmers
which will sell the residue of rice (rice husk); and the rice husk itself can give a
contribution in construction works and materials.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The study presented in this paper will mainly focus on the study of the
compressive strength and the economic factor of rice husk ash concrete use for
heritage structures only. The study will concentrate on the utilization of locally
available materials such as rice husk ash which is considered as an agricultural
waste.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Rice husk ash

Rice husk ash (RHA) is a by-product from the burning rice husk
2. Ordinary Portland Cement
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the most common cement
used in general concrete construction when there is no exposure to
sulphates in the soil or groundwater.
3. K- type cement
TYPE K CEMENT is a pre-blended cement consisting of inter
ground component and portland cement. TYPE K CEMENT is used to
produce Type K Shrinkage-Compensating concrete (ASTM C845) and
other low shrinkage concrete and non shrink grout materials that offer
lower permeability, improved sulfate resistance, and maximum
durability.
4. Compressive Strength
Compression strength is the capacity of a material or structure to
withstand loads tending to reduce size, as opposed to tensile strength,
which withstands loads tending to elongate. In other words,
compressive strength resists compression (being pushed together),
whereas tensile strength resists tension (being pulled apart). In the
study of strength of materials, tensile strength, compressive strength,
and shear strength can be analyzed independently.

5. Pozzolan
Pozzolans are a broad class of siliceous or siliceous and
aluminous materials which, in themselves, possess little or no
cementitious value but which will, in finely divided form and in the
presence of water, react chemically with calcium hydroxide at ordinary
temperature to form compounds possessing cementitious properties.