Title Page

Design for Transmission Line of

Busuanga Island, Palawan

Preface

Busuanga Island is located at the Northern part of the Palawan,

Philippines. The territory of Busuanga area covers the one-third of Busuanga
Island at the western as well as Calauit Island. The Municipality of the Calamian
island lying between Mindoro and province of Palawan. The island remains a
missionary area and will still be entitled to subsidy to cover its true cost of
Generation
As a study, it is one of the remotest area of the Republic of the
Philippines where people have no access for an affordable source for lighting
and other electrical applications.
As central power station size increased, the plant operators faced myriad
challenges in distributing power to customers. Photographs of commercial urban
areas often reveal a labyrinth of overhead wires from competing suppliers of
power (and also of communications). This highly inefficient example of
competitive markets was tamed by a system of regulation granting a limited
monopoly to selected firms in exchange for providing reliable power service to a
community. The development of the regulated industry structure further
encouraged centralization of power production and the need for larger
distribution networks.
The design aims to promote sustainable livelihood and quality of life by
improving the energy development by producing new power plants which is
inaugurated by three companies of Diesel Power Plants,all are located and
constructed at the city of Guadalupe of 30, 25, and 20 MVA load respectively.
The Busuanga Island Electric Cooperative Inc. (BIsElCo) will be able to
adopt the power plants facilities and will be the distributor for the electricity to all
consumers of the island and will provide a quality full service.
The inauguration of the said power plants is the step toward continuous
progress of the Island for a reliable source of power that would significantly
enhance opportunities for the people to improve the quality of life of the people,
the development of the island eco-tourism, businesses opportunities and other
recreational activities.

Summary

To clearly describe power transmission facilities, it is necessary to draw

a distinction between transmission and distribution, both of which refer to the
transport of electricity.
Distribution refers to supplying power to retail customers. Distribution
lines normally run from substations through a distribution line network. The key
distinction between distribution and transmission arises from the issue of
resistive power loss and the fact that the power loss can be reduced by
increasing the operating voltage of a line. The final distribution of electrical
power to retail customers occurs over relatively short distances, while much
longer distances are typically associated with electrical transmission between
power plants or between power generators and the sometimes remote
communities that they serve.
Accordingly, one would expect to find high operating voltages to be a
characteristic of transmission lines. Actually, transmission line voltage is
normally 138,000 volts (138 kilovolts kV). In contrast, primary distribution lines
generally reach distances of no more than a 40 meters depends upon the
designer, although in rural areas they may extend more than 100 meters.
In some cases, customers are served directly at these high voltages, but
most customers receive power by means of secondary distribution lines that
branch off the primary lines at voltages of 120 V or 240 V.
Transmission lines connected to power plants composed of three as
mentioned above to the Bulk Power Substations located at the Guadalupe. The
Bulk Power Substations connected or interconnected to seven substations in
different part of the Island for the purpose of supplying power to the customers
as discussed earlier.
The voltage required for economical transmission of electric power
exceeds the voltage appropriate for distribution to customers. First, customer
equipment generally operates at only a few hundred volts, rather than at the
hundreds of thousands of volts used for transmission. Second, if high voltages
were maintained up to the point of customer connection,fault protection would
be extremely expensive. Therefore, distribution from the transmission line to
customers is accomplished at much lower voltages, so transformers are
required to reduce voltage before the power is introduced to a distribution or
sub-transmission system. These transformers mark the end of the transmission
line and are located at substations.

Body Text
CHAPTER 1
3-PHASE TRANSMISSION LINE SYSTEM

LION DIESEL POWER PLANT TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

1-3 45 MVA ; DELTA-WYE assume power factor = 0.90 lagging

Ss = 30MVA
Is =

Ss
45,000,000
=
=188.26625.84 A
138 KV 3 138,000 ( 3 )

From the ACSR Table looking for the ampacity of wire Use SPARATE @ 75
degree Celsius R = 0.3380 ohm/kft. And by assuming equilateral spacing
3phase Transmission line from Lion Diesel Power Plant to Guadalupe Bulk
Power Substation @ distance of 4.2km.

Figure 1. GMD OF 3PHASE TRANMISSION LINE WITH EQUILATERAL SPACING

Dq =

3 D12 D23 D 31= 3 ( 6 )( 6 ) ( 6 ) =19.68 ft .

GMR = 0.7788r

From the table ACSR r and since diameter is given so we divide this by 2 =
(0.0974/2)(1/12)(0.7788)
And substituting value of r to the equation above GMR now equal to 0.00316ft,
we can solve for the inductance of wire, formula is given by:

L = 210-7 ln

Dq
GMR

h/ohm/m = 210-7 ln

19.68 ft
0.00316 ft

h/ohm/m

L = 1.74710-6 h/meter

XL = 2(3.1416)(60)(1.74710-6h/m) = 658.60 ohm /m

R=

0.3380 ft
1

=103 ohms
3.28 ft
1000

ZL = R + j X = (103 + j658.60) multiplying by the distance of 4.2 km

ZL = 2.7997743 81.11137

ohms = 0.4326 + j2.76612

Where Is = IL = 188.266 A

Er = Es - IsZL =
138,000
(188.26625.84 )( 2.799<81.11137 ) =79377.571430.31269
1.732
Er = ( 79377.571430.31269 ) ( 1.732 )=137481.95370.3126939V

% Voltage regulation =

voltage sendingvoltage receiving

100
voltage receving

% Voltage regulation =

138000137481.9537
100 =.3768
137481.9537

Voltage drop, power loss, % power loss, power and power factor @ the
receiving end can now be calculated.

Er = Es + Vdrop
Vdrop= Es Er = 138,000

137481.9537

Vdrop= 518.0463 V

Power loss = 3 I2 R = 3188.2662 .4326 = 45999.33579 watts

Power @ the receiving end = (1.732)( 114,179.82 )(188.266) =

37,231,380.28 watts

Percent loss =

power loss
100
power @ receiving end

Percent loss = 45999.33579/37231380.28 100 =0.123549

Power factor @ the receiving end = cos (Is - Er ) = cos (-25.84-(28.09))

Pfr = 0.9023 lagging

TIGER DIESEL POWER PLANT TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

1-3 30 MVA ; DELTA-WYE assume power factor = 0.90 lagging

Ss = 30MVA

Is =

Ss
30,000,000
=
=125.5125.84 A
138 KV 3 138,000 ( 3 )

From the ACSR table looking for the ampacity of wire Turkey @ 75 degree
Celsius R = 0.5150 ohm/kft. And by assuming equilateral spacing 3phase
Transmission line from tiger diesel Power Plant to Guadalupe Bulk Power
Substation @ distance of 9000 m = 9k m.

Figure 2. GMD OF 3PHASE TRANSMISSION LINE WITH EQUILATERAL SPACING

Dq =

3 D12 D23 D 31= 3 ( 6 )( 6 ) ( 6 ) =19.68 ft .

GMR = 0.7788r

From the table ACSR r and since diameter is given so we divide this by 2 =
(0.0854/2)(1/12)(0.7788)
And substituting value of r to the equation above GMR now equal to 0.002771ft,
we can solve for the inductance of wire, formula is given by:

L = 210-7 ln

Dq
GMR

h/ohm/m = 210-7 ln

19.68 t
0.002771 ft

h/ohm/m

L = 1.773610-6 h/meter

XL = 2(3.1416)(60)(1.773610-6h/m) = 668.64ohm/m

R=

0.5150 ft
1

=160.43 ohms
3.28 ft
1000

ZL = R + jX = (160.43 + j668.64) multiplying by the distance of 44500m

ZL = 30.5989 76.51 ohms = 7.139+j29.7544 ohms

Where Is = IL = 125.51A

Er = Es - IsZL =
138,000
(125.5125.84 ) ( 30.598976.51 ) =77,299.742.202
1.732
Er = ( 77,299.742.202 )( 1.732 )=133,883.1522.202V

% Voltage regulation =

voltage sendingvoltage receiving

100
voltage receving

% Voltage regulation =

138,000133,883.152
100 =3.074
133,883.152

Voltage drop, power loss, % power loss, power and power factor @ the
receiving end can now be calculated.

Er = Es + Vdrop
Vdrop= Es Er = 138000

133,883.152
8

Vdrop= 4116.848

Power loss = 3 I2 R = 3125.512 7.139 = 337,376.8631watts

Power @ the receiving end = 3 ErIr = (1.732)( 133,883.152 )(125.51) =

29,103,964.07 watts

Percent loss =

power loss
337,376.8631
100 =
100 =1.159
power @ receiving end
29,103,964.07

Power factor @ the receiving end = cos (Is - Er ) = cos (-25.84-(2.202))

Pfr = 0.91609 lagging

LEOPARD DIESEL POWER PLANT TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

1-3 45 MVA ; DELTA-WYE assume power factor = 0.90 lagging

Ss = 45VA

Is =

Ss
45,000,000
=
=188.2725.84 A
138 KV 3 138,000 ( 3 )

From the ACSR table looking for the ampacity of wire SPARATE @ 75 degree
Celsius R = 3380 ohm/kft. And by assuming equilateral spacing 3phase
Transmission line from leopard Diesel Power Plant to Guadalupe Bulk Power
Substation @ distance of 12.9 km = 129,000 m.

Figure 3.GMD OF 3PHASE TRANSMISSION LINE WITH EQUILATERAL SPACING

Dq =

3 D12 D23 D 31= 3 ( 6 )( 6 ) ( 6 ) =19.68 ft .

GMR = 0.7788r

From the table ACSR r and since diameter is given so we divide this by 2 =
(0.0974/2)(1/12) (0.7788)
And substituting value of r to the equation above GMR now equal to 0.003160ft,
we can solve for the inductance of wire, formula is given by:

10

L = 210-7 ln

Dq
GMR

h/ohm/m = 210-7 ln

19.68 t
0.003160 ft

h/ohm/m

L = 1.74710-6 h/meter

XL = 2(3.1416)(60)(1.74710-6h/m) = 658.749ohm/m

R=

0.3380 ft
1

=103.048 ohms
3.28 ft
1000

ZL = R + jX = (103.048 + j658.749) multiplying by the distance of

12900m
ZL = 8.60780.8547 ohms = 1.3680+j8.4978 ohms

Where Is = IL = 188.27A

Er = Es + IsZL =
138,000
(188.2725.84 )( 8.607 80.8547 )=78758.7590.9658
1.732
Er = ( 66,590.6212.398 ) ( 1.732 )=136410.1710.9658 V

% Voltage regulation =

voltage sendingvoltage receiving

100
voltage receving

% Voltage regulation =

138,000136410.171
100 =1.16
136410.171

Voltage drop, power loss, % power loss, power and power factor @ the
receiving end can now be calculated.

Er = Es + Vdrop
Vdrop= Es Er = 138000

136410.171

Vdrop= 1589.829
11

Power loss = 3 I2 R = 3188.272 1.3680 = 145468.71watts

Power @ the receiving end = 3 ErIr = (1.732)( 136410.171 )(188.27) =

44481125.09 watts

Percent loss =

power loss
1145468.71
100 =
100 =.2574
power @ receiving end
44481125.09

Power factor @ the receiving end = cos (Is - Er ) = cos (-25.84-(o.9658))

Pfr = 0.8925 lagging

12

CHAPTER 2
SUB-TRANSMISSION LINE SYSTEM

GUADALUPE BULK POWER SUBSTATION TO SANTO NINO SUBSTATION

1-3 106.12 MVA POWER TRANSFORMER; DELTA-WYE assume power

factor
0.90 lagging Ss @ 45 MVA

Is =

Ss
45,000,000
=
=376.5325.84 A
69 KV 3 69,000 ( 3 )

From the ACSR Table looking for the ampacity of wire PENGUIN @ 75 degree
Celsius R = 0.1190 ohm/kft. And by assuming equilateral spacing 3 phase SubTransmission line from Guadalupe Bulk Power Substation to santo nino
Substation @ distance of 97.5 km= 97500m.

Figure 4. GMD OF 3PHASE SUB-TRANSMISSION LINE WITH EQUILATERAL SPACING

Dq =

3 D12 D23 D 31= 3 ( 3.6 ) ( 3.6 ) ( 3.6 )=11.808 ft .

GMR = 0.7788r

From the Table ACSR r and since diameter is given so we divide this by 2 =
(0.1878/2)(1/12)(0.7788)
And substituting value of r to the above equation GMR now equal to
0.00609411ft, we can solve for the inductance of wire, formula is given by:

13

L = 210-7 ln

Dq
GMR

h/ohm/m = 210-7 ln

11.808 ft
0.006094 ft

h/ohm/m

L = 1.513976910-6 h/meter

XL = 2(3.1416)(F)(L)
XL = 2(3.1416)(60)( 1.583310-3 h/meter) = 570.757H/m

R = 36.28ohms

ZL = R + jX = (36.28 + j570.757) multiplying by the distance of 97500m

ZL = 3.5373+j55.648ohms

Where Is = IL = 376.53A

Er = Es + IsZL =

69,000
( 376.5325.84 )( 3.515+ j55. .306 )=34,709.265 1.732

31.775

( 34,7 o 9.26531.775 )( 1.732 ) =60116.446931.775 V

% Voltage regulation =

voltage sendingvoltage receiving

100
voltage receving

% Voltage regulation69000-60116.4469 60116 100 =14.77

Voltage drop, power loss, % power loss, power and power factor @ the
receiving end can now be calculated.

Er = Es + Vdrop
Vdrop= Es Er = 69,000

6 o 116.44

Vdrop= 8883.56V

Power loss = 3 I2 R = 3376.532 3.5373 = 1504500.434watts

14

Power @ the receiving end = 3 ErIr = (1.732)(60116.4469)(376.53) =

39204938.44 watts

Percent loss =

power loss
1504500.434
100 =
100 =3.8375
power @ receiving end
39204938.44

Power factor @ the receiving end = cos (Is - Er ) = cos (-25.84-(31.775 )

Pfr = 0.993017 lagging

15

SANTO NINO SUBSTATION TO SALVACION SUBSTATION

1-3 45 MVA POWER TRANSFORMER; DELTA-WYE

Ss @ 38.788 MVA 13.06MVA from the previous Substation = 25.728MVA

Power factor sending @ 0.90 lagging.

Is =

Ps
25,728,000.00
=
=249.7425.84 A
69000 V 3 59,477.42 ( 3 )

From the ACSR Table looking for the ampacity of wire RAVEN @ 75 degree
Celsius R = 0.2170 ohm/kft. And by assuming equilateral spacing 3 phase SubTransmission line from santo nino Substation to salvacion Substation @
distance of 92.5 = 92500m.

Figure 5. GMD OF 3PHASE CUB-TRANCMICCION LINE WITH EQUILATERAL SPACING

Dq =

3 D12 D23 D 31= 3 ( 3.6 ) ( 3.6 ) ( 3.6 )=11.808 ft .

GMR = 0.7788r

From the Table ACSR r and since diameter is given so we divide this by 2 =
(0.1327/2)(1/12)(0.7788)

And substituting value of r to the above equation GMR now equal to

0.00430611ft, we can solve for the inductance of wire, formula is given by:

L = 210-7 ln

Dq
GMR

h/ohm/m = 210-7 ln

11.808 ft
0.004306 ft

h/ohm/m

L = 1.58330410-6 h/meter

16

XL = 2(3.1416)(60)( 1.58330410-6 h/meter) = 596.893H/m

R = 66.158ohms from the Table ACSR

ZL = R + jX = (66.158 + j596.893) multiplying by the distance of 92500m

ZL = 6.1196+j55.13ohms

Where Is = IL = 249.74A

Er = Es + IsZL =
59,477.42
( 249.7423.502 ) ( 6.1196+ j 55.13 ) =29,402.94923,502 V
1.732
Er = ( 29,121.90935.59 V ) ( 1.732 )=50,925.90723.502 V

% Voltage regulation =

voltage sendingvoltage receiving

100
voltage receving

% Voltage regulation =

59,477.4250,925.907
100 =16.792
50,925.907

Voltage drop, power loss, % power loss, power and power factor @ the
receiving end can now be calculated.
Er = Es + Vdrop
Vdrop= Es Er = 59,477.42

50,925.907

Vdrop= 8551.513v

Power loss = 3 I2 R = 3249.742 6.1196 = 1,145039.597 watts

17

Power @ the receiving end = 3 ErIr = (1.732)( 50,925.907 )(249.74) =

22027984.78 watts

Percent loss =
power loss
1,145039.597 watts
100 =
100 =5.198
power @ receiving end
22027984.78

Power factor @ the receiving end = cos (Is - Er ) = cos (-25.84-(23.502)

Pfr = 0.999167 lagging

18

SALVACION SUBSTATION TO NEW QUEZON SUBSTATION

1-3 45 MVA POWER TRANSFORMER; DELTA-WYE

Ss @ 33.788MVA 14.56MVA from the previous Substation = 19.228MVA

Power factor sending @ 0.90 lagging.

Is =

Ps
19.228 MVA
=
=186.64725.84 A
69000 V 3 59,477.42 ( 3 )

From the ACSR Table looking for the ampacity of wire SPARATE @ 75 degree
Celsius R = 0.3380 ohm/kft. And by assuming equilateral spacing 3 phase SubTransmission line from salvacion Substation to new quezon Substation @
distance of 103000 = 103km.

Figure 6. GMD OF 3PHASE CUB-TRANCMISSION LINE WITH EQUILATERAL SPACING

Dq =

3 D12 D23 D 31= 3 ( 3.6 ) ( 3.6 ) ( 3.6 )=11.808 ft .

GMR = 0.7788r

From the Table ACSR r and since diameter is given so we divide this by 2 =
(0.0974/2)(1/12)(0.7788)
And substituting value of r to the above equation GMR now equal to 0.00316ft,
we can solve for the inductance of wire, formula is given by:

L = 210-7 ln

Dq
GMR

h/ohm/m = 210-7 ln

11.808 ft
0.00316 ft

h/ohm/m

L = 1.64510-6 h/meter

19

XL = 2(3.1416)(60)( 1.64510-6 h/meter) = 620.22H/m

R = 103.04ohms from the Table ACSR

ZL = R + jX = (103.04 + j620.22) multiplying by the distance of 103,000 m

ZL = 10.613 + j63.8826 ohms

Where Is = IL =186.647A

Er = Es + IsZL =
59.477 .42
( 186.64725.84 ) ( 10.613+ j 63.8826 )=29085.6319.83 V
1.732
Er = ( 28,964.9449.82 V )( 1.732 )=53376.31519.832V

% Voltage regulation =

voltage sendingvoltage receiving

100
voltage receving

% Voltage regulation =

59,477.4253376.315
100 =11.43
53376.315

Voltage drop, power loss, % power loss, power and power factor @ the
receiving end can now be calculated.

Er = Es + Vdrop
Vdrop= Es Er = 59,477.42

53376.315

Vdrop= 6101,105V

Power loss = 3 I2 R = 3186.6472 10.613 =1109178.51 watts

20

Power @ the receiving end = 3 ErIr = (1.732)( 53376.315 )(186.647) =

17255100.34 watts

Percent loss =
power loss
1109178.51
100 =
100 =6.428
power @ receiving end
17255100.34 watts

Power factor @ the receiving end = cos (Is - Er ) = cos (-25.84-(19.832)

Pfr = 0.9945 lagging

21

Conclusion/Observations

Case N
From the bulk of Guadalupe to santo nino Substation

% Voltage regulation 14.77

Santo nino to salvacion Substation

% Voltage regulatio n=16.792

salvacion to new quezon Substation

% Voltage regulation 11.93

Not only should the conductor be sufficiently large to meet the

requirements but it should also meet the system voltage drop requirements.
Typically, the conductor impedance would have to be sufficiently low so that,
under a given set of electrical loading conditions, the voltage drop would not
exceed approximately 5 percent. In general, voltage drop becomes a factor for
longer lines.

Bibliography/References

The Design, Construction, and Operation of Long-Distance High-Voltage

Electricity Transmission Technologies
22

by J.C. Molburg1, J.A. Kavicky1, and K.C. Picel2

1
Decision and Information Sciences Division
2
Environmental Science Division
Argonne National Laboratory
Transmission Line Design
by Idaho Power
An IDACORP Company
Design Manual for High Voltage Transmission Lines
Contributors: Current and Former Members of the Transmission Subcommittee
of the Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Engineering Committee of the
National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA)

PSEG
File://F:Power%20Plant%20Design/Others/Executive%20Summary.html

Designers Profile
AL-JERE TABANG ABREA
Kalye sarhento, brgy.Tiniguiban Puerto Princesa City
Mobile No.: Smart 09168702040
Email address: jhingkieabrea@yahoo.com

OBJECTIVE:
To enhanced my theoretical knowledge and work in the actual engineering field
specifically electrical engineering where I can further enhance my knowledge
23

and skills and to explore a challenging career in a fast track organization as I

dwell on to people and my respective field.

PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Age
Gender
Civil Status
Religion
Nationality
Height
Weight
Language Spoken
Permanent Address

July 28 1980
dumarao roxas, Palawan
33 years old
Male
Single
born again
Filipino
54
55 kg
Tagalog, Ilongo, English.
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Palawan State University
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
Abaroan National High School
Abaroan Roxas, Palawan
Abaroan Elementary School
Abaroan Roxas Palwan

SKILLS:
.

Competent in Building Wiring Installation & Designing.

Competent in Building Inspection.
Competent in Design and Installation in AC/ DC Machines
Instrumentation Designing & Installation
Can manage a holistic schedule with excellent professionalism

ACCREDITATION/AFFILIATION:
Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers Palawan State University
Students Chapter Member 2011-2014
24

On-the-Job Training
Palawan Electric Cooperative, Puerto Princesa City
April 21 May 24, 2014

25

4.3.1POWER PLANTS BRIEF DESCRIPTION

4.3.1.a TRAXEX CHEEY HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT is located at the

river of the Cheey, Busuanga Island with 301 kilometers length (3 Phase,
Medium Transmission Line) from the Bulk Power Substation assuming load of
45 MVA, Delta-Wye Connection of 0.90 power factor operated by National
Power Corp. It has a power at the receiving end of 37,231,380.28 watts as
provided its computation in the next chapters.

4.3.1.b DECALACHAO GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT is located at the

Municipality of Decalachao, Busuanga Island with 44.5 kilometers length (3
Phase, Short Transmission Line) from the Bulk Power Substation assuming load
of 30 MVA, Delta-Wye Connection of 0.90 power factor operated by National
Power Corp. It has a power at the receiving end of 29,103,964.07 watts as
provided its computation in the next chapters.

4.3.1.c DK DIESEL POWER PLANT is located at the City of Bintuan, Busuanga

Island with 163 kilometers length (3 Phase, Medium Transmission Line) from the
Bulk Power Substation assuming load of 45 MVA, Delta-Wye Connection of
0.90 power factor operated by National Power Corp. It has a power at the
receiving end of 137,608,846.18 watts as provided its computation in the next
chapters.

26