AC Plastiques Canada Inc.

ENGINEERED DUAL
LAMINATE PIPING SYSTEMS
AN EFFICIENT APPROACH
TO SOLVE YOUR COMPLEX
AND RECURRING CORROSION
PROBLEMS

email: info@acplastiques.com
Website: www.acplastiques.com

1395, monte Chenier, Les Cdres, Qubec, J7T 1L9, Tel: (450) 455-3311, Fax: (450) 452-2037
1

Section 1 - AC Dual laminate piping systems

AC Plastiques Canada Inc. is a custom
manufacturer of Dual Laminate and FRP
process equipment for the corrosion industry. This manual specifically deals with
of our small diameter (1 to 12) Dual
Laminate piping systems :

AC Plastiques Canada, Inc. has developed a fully bonded, fabric-backed,

Fiber Reinforced piping system.
The following pages will illustrate what
makes or product the best Dual Laminate piping system on the market today.

AC Dual Laminate Pipings Systems

Building on the proven reliability of products supplied by world leaders and pioneers in thermoplastic and semi-finished
products such as AUSIMONT,
ATOFINA, SOLVAY, DUPONT,
AGRU, SYMALIT, SAINTGOBAIN,
WESTLAKE,
BFGoodrich, DEKA among others,

A piping system that solves all your corrosion problems

Sweep elbows to minimize flow loss

Fabric embedding on all fittings provide

a fully bonded system

Our flared flange system eliminates

corner welds

Eliminate external corrosion problems

found in lined steel systems

Reduce field installation costs with our

custom manufactured system

Welding as per DVS standards

Section 2 - Available Thermoplastics

Available thermoplastics

Dual Laminate piping systems are available in a variety of materials. As illustrated in section 3 - Chemical resistance
profile, many parameters will guide the
end user in selecting a material that will
meet all of their requirements.
As illustrated, thermoplastics available for
the corrosion industry can be divided into
three distinct classes : Fluoropolymers,
Vinylchlorides and Polyolefins.

Vinylchlorides

CPVC
ASTM
D-1784

PVC
ASTM
D-1784

KYNAR, HYLAR,
SOLEF PVDF
ECTFE:
HALAR
ETFE:
TEFZEL
MFA:
HYFLON
FEP/PFA: TEFLON

PE
ASTM
D-1248

PP
ASTM
D-4101

Vinylchlorides

Polyolefins

PVC : Polyvinyl Chloride CPVC : Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

PP : Polypropylene PE : Polyethylene

Vinylchlorides are widely used throughout the corrosion industry because of their
interesting cost/performance ratio. They
are used for many acid applications.
However,they are not recommended for
solvent applications.

Fluoropolymers
PVDF:

Polyolefins

Polyolefins is the generic term used to describe a family of polymers derived from
a particular group of base chemicals know
as olefins. As polymers, they form tough,
flexible plastic materials with a large variety of uses.

Fluoropolymers

PVDF
ASTM
D-3222

ECTFE
ASTM
D-3275

MFA
ASTM
D-6314

FEP
ASTM
D-3368

PFA
ASTM
D-3307

Fluoropolymers are a class of paraffinic,

thermoplastic polymers where some or
all of the hydrogen has been replaced by
fluorine.
The result is either a fully fluorinated polymer, such as FEP, MFA and PFA, or a
partially fluorinated polymer, such as
PVDF, ECTFE and ETFE.
The figure on the right illustrates the impact of fluorine content on the chemical
resistance.

Fluorine content vs chemical resistance

Source : Ausimont
3

Section 3 - Physical properties of thermoplastic liners

The following table illustrates general
physical properties of available thermoplastic liners.
It does not however take into consideration the following property reduction factors which must be considered in the design of thermoplastic and Dual Laminate
equipements :
Properties
Density
Tensile stress at yield
Tensile strength
Elongation at break
Tensile modulus
Flexural modulus
Flexural stress
Hardness Store D
Abasion resistance Taber
Linear thermal expansion coefficient
Upper permanent service temperature limit
Under permanent service temperature limit
Vicat point B
Thermal conductivity
Specific heat capacity
Melting point
Oxygen Index
Fire class
Surface resistivity
Volume resistivity
Dielectric strength (Foil 0.1 mm)
Dielectric constant (106 Hz)
Dielectric dissipation factor (106 Hz)
Compressive strength
Compressive modulus
Modulus in torsion
Tensile impact strength
Izod impact strength (natched)
Friction coefficient (static)
Friction coefficient (dynamic)
Poisson's ratio (at 23C)
(at 100C)
Refractive index

Aging factor
Long term weld factor
Chemical resistance factor
Impact resistance factor
Safety factor value
For complete information on physical
property reduction factors, contact AC
Plastiques Canada Inc.

Standards
DIN 53497
DIN 53455
DIN 53455
DIN 53455
DIN 53457
ASTM D 790
DIN 53452
DIN 53505
DIN 53754
ASTM D 696

DIN 53460/B
DIN 52612
DIN53736
ASTM D 2863
UL 94
DIN 53482
DIN 53482
ASTM D 149
ASTM D 150
ASTM D 150
ASTM D 695
ASTM D 695
DIN 53445
DIN 53448
ASTM D 256
ASTM D 1894
ASTM D 1794

DIN 53491

Units
g/cm3
N/mm2
N/mm2
%
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
mm3/1000U
10-5 K-1
C
C
C
W/m K
kJ/kg K
C
%
0hm
0hm cm
KV/mm

N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
KJ/m2
J/m

PVDF
1.78
50-55
30-50
20-60
2400
2250
74
77-80
2.8-5.7
12.5-14
150
-40
142-148
0.19
1.0-1.2
172-178
43.7
V-0
>1013
5 x 1014
20-30
7.5
0.15
75
1300-2100
800-980
300
100-200
0,2-0,4
0,2-0,35
0,35
0,50
1,42

PVDF Flex
1.78
31-38
28-41
300-400
800-1000
1000-1250
70
14
120
-30
0.16-0.18
1.26-1.42
155-160
42-44
V-0
2 x 1014
7-8.5
0.01-0.03
49

550-700
300-500
0,2-0,4
0,2-0,35

1,41

ECTFE
1.69
31
42-48
200
1700
1700
44
75
5
58
160
-76
116
0.14
240
60
V-0
>1015
10 15
20-80
2.5
0.003

no break
0,22
0,19

FEP
2.15
9 11
21-28
240-350
350-500
650-670
18
55
3.5
9 11
205
-190
70
0.25
1.12
275
95
V-0
10 16
>10 16
83
2.1
0.0006
23.7

PFA
2.15
24-30
300
280
620-670
18
55
14
260
-190
74
0.19
305
95
V-0
>10 18
>10 18
>80
2.1
0.0001
25.5

no break

no break

0,2-0,24

0,2-0,4

1,35

Section 4 - AC Piping - Vinylchlorides

Vinylchlorides "Main characteristics"
Service temperature of PVC upto 60 C
Service temperature of CPVC
up to 90 C
Service temperature of PVC/FRP
up to 80 C
Temperature limit of CPVC/FRP
up to 100 C

Weak acid

Chlor alkali

Chlor alkali

Chlor alkali

Elongation at break of PVC and CPVC

(ASTM D638) of 30%
Tensile strength at yield of PVC (ASTM
D638) Of 6500 psi
Tensile strength at yield of PVC (ASTM
D638) Of 7900 psi
Relatively low cost
Better abrasion resistance than FRP
Flame spread <25 as per ASTM D3814
Good surface smoothness (Manning
n=0.009) make for little flow loss

Main industry applications

Widely used in Zinc & copper plants for
sulfuric acid applications
Widely used in Sodium Chlorate, Chlorine and caustic production plants
Resists a wide range of acids and alkalies
Widely used in the plating industry
Compatible with brine solutions
Not compatible with chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, solvents and
aromatics

Section 4 - AC Piping - Vinylchlorides

Filament wound pipe

PVC/FRP
CPVC/FRP

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
25
1.5
40
2
50
3
75
4
100
6
150
8
200
10
250
12
300

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1.049
26.6
1.610
40.9
2.069
52.5
3.068
77.9
4.026
102.3
6.031
153.2
7.943
201.7
9.976
253.4
11.890
302.0

t
(mm)
3.4
3.7
3.9
5.5
6.0
7.1
8.2
9.0
10.3

Hand lay-up pipe

s (50psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

s (100psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6

s (150psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
8

PVC/FRP
CPVC/FRP

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
25
1.5
40
2
50
3
75
4
100
6
150
8
200
10
250
12
300

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1.049
26.6
1.610
40.9
2.069
52.5
3.068
77.9
4.026
102.3
6.031
153.2
7.943
201.7
9.976
253.4
11.890
302.0

t
(mm)
3.4
3.7
3.9
5.5
6.0
7.1
8.2
9.0
10.3

s (50psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6

s (100psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

s (150psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
6
6
10
11
13
16

Section 4 - AC Piping - Vinylchlorides

Flange (full face)
ANSI Class 150 lbs drilling
Dimensional table shown
DIN class flanges also available

C
B

R=1/4

PVC/FRP
CPVC/FRP
Note: flange face liner thickness range
from 3 to 6mm
Nominal
(inch)

1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12

(mm)

Inside
(inch)

(mm)

(mm)

(inch)

(inch)

(inch)

25
3.4
4.5
40 1.610 40.9 3.7 3.875 5.5
50 2.069 52.5 3.9 4.75 6.5
6
75 3.068 77.9 5.5
8
4.026
102.3
7.5
100
6.0
9.5
9.5
150 6.031 153.2 7.1
11.5
200 7.943 201.7 8.2 11.75 14
250 9.976 253.4 9.0 14.25 16.5
300 11.890 302.0 10.3 17 19.5
1.049

26.6

th

3.125

6
6
6
6
6
8
8
10
10

T
50 psi

100 psi

L
150 psi

th

NB

Spot
face

50 psi

100 psi

150 psi

50 psi

100 psi

150 psi

Unit

(inch)

(inch)

1/2

2
2

2
2
2 3/4
3 1/4
3 3/4
4 1/4
5
5 3/4
7

1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
5/16
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2

1/4
1/4
5/16
3/8
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
11/16

1/4
1/4
5/16
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
11/16
7/8

4
4
4
4
8
8
8
12
12

1.0625

1/2

2
2
2 1/4
2 3/4
3 1/4
3 1/2
4
4 3/4
5 3/4

0.625

1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
9/16
9/16 11/16
9/16
11/16 13/16
11/16 13/16 15/16
11/16
7/8
1 1/16
13/16
1
1 1/4
15/16 1 3/16 1 7/16
1 1/16 1 7/16 1 3/4

2
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
4

0.625

1.0625

0.75

1.3125

0.75

1.3125

0.75

1.3125

0.875

1.5

0.875

1.5

1.75

1.75

Elbow 90 deg.
s

PVC/FRP
CPVC/FRP

Note: Elbow 45 deg. are also available

r
Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
25
1.5
40
2
50
3
75
4
100
6
150
8
200
10
250
12
300

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
11/16
17
1 1/4
32
1 11/16
42
2 5/8
67
3 7/16
88
5 7/16
138
7 3/8
188
9 3/8
238
11 5/16
288

t
(mm)
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6

s
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

r
(mm)
114
114
114
150
180
225
300
380
450

Section 4 - AC Piping - Vinylchlorides

Stub c/w back ring
ANSI Class 150 lbs drilling
Dimensional table shown
DIN class flanges also available

C
H1

R=1/8

I.D.

PVC/FRP
CPVC/FRP

e
e

Back rings available in PP with steel

core, FRP & galv. steel.
Nominal
(inch)
(mm)

Internal
(inch)
(mm)

C
(inch)

H
(inch)

M
T
100 psi 150 psi 100 psi 150 psi 100 psi

I.D.
150 psi

H1
(inch)

e
(inch)

25

1.049

26.6

2 1/4

3/16

3/16

1/2

1/2

1 13/16

1 13/16

1 11/16

1/8

1 1/2
2
3
4
6
8
10
12

40
50
75
100
150
200
250
300

1.610
2.069
3.068
4.026
6.031
7.943
9.976
11.890

40.9
52.5
77.9
102.3
153.2
201.7
253.4
302.0

3 1/8
3 7/8
5 1/8
6 1/2
8 5/8
10 7/8
13 1/4
15 7/8

6
6
6
6
12
12
12
12

3/16
3/16
3/16
1/4
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16

3/16
3/16
1/4
1/4
3/8
7/16
1/2
5/8

1/2
9/16
11/16
13/16
7/8
1
1 3/16
1 7/16

1/2
11/16
13/16
15/16
1 1/16
1 1/4
1 7/16
1 3/4

2 7/16
3
4 1/8
5 1/4
7 3/8
9 1/2
11 3/4
13 7/8

2 7/16
3
4 1/4
5 1/4
7 5/8
9 3/4
12
14 1/4

2 5/16
2 3/4
3 7/8
5
7 1/8
9 1/4
11 1/2
13 5/8

1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8

-0
+1/16

-0
+1/16

Tee
PVC/FRP
Z

CPVC/FRP

Note: Laterals, concentric & excentric

reducers are also available

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
25
1.5
40
2
50
3
75
4
100
6
150
8
200
10
250
12
300

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1 1/16
27.2
1 3/4
44
2 1/4
57
3 5/16
84.4
4 1/16
103.2
6 1/16
154
7 5/8
194
9 5/8
244
12 3/16
309

t
(mm)
3.4
3.6
4
5.5
6
7
8.2
9
10.3

s
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

l
(mm)
300
300
300
320
400
500
600
700
800

z
(mm)
150
150
150
180
200
250
300
350
400

Section 5 - AC Piping - PP lined

Polypropylenes "Main
characteristics"
Service temperature of PP up to 90 C
Service temperature of PP/FRP
up to 95 C
Higher thermal stability than PVC
Elongation at break of PP (ASTM D638) Between 100-600%

Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid

Copper disolving

Tensile strength at yield of PP (ASTM

D-638) of 5300 psi
Very low cost
Better impact strength than PVC
Low specific weight
Good weldability

Main industry applications

Acids
Resists sulfuric acid up to 70%

Hydrocarbons
Partially compatible with hydrocarbons

Resists concentrated hydrochloric and

hydrofluoric acid

Halogens
Not compatible with Halogens

Resists phosphoric acid

Solvents
Good resistance to many solvents such
has alcohols, esters and ketones

Lyes
Very resistant to alkali solutions
Conditional resistance to bleaching lye
because of free chlorine presence

Section 5 - AC Piping - PP lined

Filament wound pipe

PP/FRP

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1
26.2
1 3/4
45.4
2 3/16
55.8
3 1/8
79.8
3 13/16
97.4
5 13/16
147.6
7 3/8
187.6
9 3/8
237.6
11 3/4
299.6

t
(mm)
2.9
2.3
3.6
5.1
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.2
7.7

Hand lay-up pipe

s (50psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

s (100psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6

s (150psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
8

PP/FRP

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

10

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1
26.2
1 3/4
45.4
2 3/16
55.8
3 1/8
79.8
3 13/16
97.4
5 13/16
147.6
7 3/8
187.6
9 3/8
237.6
11 3/4
299.6

t
(mm)
2.9
2.3
3.6
5.1
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.2
7.7

s (50psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6

s (100psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

s (150psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
6
6
10
11
13
16

Section 5 - AC Piping - PP lined

Flange (full face)
ANSI Class 150 lbs drilling
Dimensional table shown
DIN class flanges also available

C
B

R=1/4

PP/FRP
Note: flange face liner thickness range
from 3 to 6mm

Nominal
(inch)

(mm)

1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12

32
50
63
90
110
160
200
250
315

Inside
(inch)

th

(mm)

(mm)

(inch)

(inch)

(inch)

50 psi

2.9
2.3
3.6
5.1
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.2
7.7

3.125

6
6
6
6
6
8
8
10
10

1/2

26.2

1 3/4

45.4

2 3/16

55.8

3 1/8

79.8

3 13/16

97.4

5 13/16

147.6

7 3/8

187.6

9 3/8

237.6

11 3/4

299.6

4.5
5.5
4.75
6.5
6
8
7.5
9.5
9.5
11.5
11.75
14
14.25 16.5
17
19.5

3.875

1/2
9/16
9/16
11/16
11/16
13/16
15/16
1 1/16

100 psi

L
150 psi

1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
9/16 11/16
11/16 13/16
13/16 15/16
7/8
1 1/16
1
1 1/4
1 3/16 1 7/16
1 7/16 1 3/4

th

NB

Spot
face

50 psi

100 psi

150 psi

50 psi

100 psi

150 psi

Unit

(inch)

(inch)

2
2
2 1/4
2 3/4
3 1/4
3 1/2
4
4 3/4
5 3/4

2
2
2 3/4
3 1/4
3 3/4
4 1/4
5
5 3/4
7

1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
5/16
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2

1/4
1/4
5/16
3/8
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
11/16

1/4
1/4
5/16
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
11/16
7/8

4
4
4
4
8
8
8
12
12

0.625

1.0625

0.625

1.0625

0.75

1.3125

0.75

1.3125

0.75

1.3125

0.875

1.5

2
2
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
4

0.875

1.5

1.75

1.75

Elbow 90 deg.
s

PP/FRP
t

Note: Elbow 45 deg. are also available

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1
26.2
1 3/4
45.4
2 3/16
55.8
3 1/8
79.8
3 13/16
97.4
5 13/16
147.6
7 3/8
187.6
9 3/8
237.6
11 3/4
299.6

t
(mm)
2.9
2.3
3.6
5.1
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.2
7.7

s
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

r
(mm)
43
58
70
100
124
180
220
290
340

11

Section 5 - AC Piping - PP lined

Stub c/w back ring
ANSI Class 150 lbs drilling
Dimensional table shown
DIN class flanges also available

C
H1

R=1/8

I.D.

PP/FRP

e
e

Back rings available in PP with steel

core, FRP & galv. steel.
Nominal
(inch)
(mm)

Internal
(inch)
(mm)

C
(inch)

H
(inch)

M
T
100 psi 150 psi 100 psi 150 psi 100 psi

I.D.
150 psi

H1
(inch)

e
(inch)

32

26.2

2 1/4

3/16

3/16

1/2

1/2

1 13/16

1 13/16

1 5/8

1/8

1 1/2
2
3
4
6
8
10
12

50
63
90
110
160
200
250
315

1 3/4
2 3/16
3 1/8
3 13/16
5 13/16
7 3/8
9 3/8
11 3/4

45.4
55.8
79.8
97.4
147.6
187.6
237.6
299.6

3 1/8
3 7/8
5 1/8
6 1/2
8 5/8
10 7/8
13 1/4
15 7/8

6
6
6
6
12
12
12
12

3/16
3/16
3/16
1/4
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16

3/16
3/16
1/4
1/4
3/8
7/16
1/2
5/8

1/2
9/16
11/16
13/16
7/8
1
1 3/16
1 7/16

1/2
11/16
13/16
15/16
1 1/16
1 1/4
1 7/16
1 3/4

2 7/16
3
4 1/8
5 1/4
7 3/8
9 1/2
11 3/4
13 7/8

2 7/16
3
4 1/4
5 1/4
7 5/8
9 3/4
12
14 1/4

2 1/8
2 5/8
3 5/8
4 3/4
6 3/4
8 7/8
11
13 1/8

1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8

-0
+1/16

-0
+1/16

Tee
PP/FRP
Z
s

Note: Laterals, concentric & excentric

reducers are also available

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

12

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1 1/16
27.2
1 3/4
44
2 1/4
57
3 5/16
84.4
4 1/16
103.2
6 1/16
154
7 5/8
194
9 5/8
244
12 3/16
309

t
(mm)
2.4
3
3
2.8
3.4
3
3
3
3

s
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

l
(mm)
89
120
149
181
216
278
340
438
550

z
(mm)
45
60
75
92
110
140
170
220
275

Section 6 - AC Piping - PVDF lined

PVDF and PVDF FLEX "Main characteristics"
PVDF is an abbreviation for the chemical name PolyVinyDene Fluoride
Service temp. of PVDF up to 130 C
Service temp. of PVDF/FRP
up to 110 C
PVDF raw material

Electronic industry

Pharmaceutical

Pharmaceutical

Elongation at break (ASTM D638) of

50% for PVDF and 300% for PVDF
Flex
Tensile strength at yield (ASTM D638)
between 4000-7700 psi
Copolymer PVDF (FLEX) is more flexible than homopolymer PVDF. It also
has a higher fluorine and relatively the
same chemical resistance
Excellent cost/performance value
Excellent thermal stability
Excellent resistance to creep and fatigue

Main industry applications

PVDF surface is unfavourable to the proliferation of microorganism

Food and drug industry

Swells in high-polar solvents such as acetone and ethyl acetate

Slightly soluble in aprotic solvents such
as dimethyl-formamide and dimethylsulphoxide

Ultra-pure water application in the semiconductor industry

Resists most inorganic acids, alcohols,
halogenated solvents, bromine, organic
acids, aliphatic and aromatic
hydrocqarbons
Not recommended for Alkali applications

13

Section 6 - AC Piping - PVDF lined

Filament wound pipe

PVDF/FRP

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1 1/16
27.2
1 3/4
44
2 1/4
58
3 5/16
84.4
4 1/8
104
6 1/16
154
7 5/8
194
9 5/8
244
12 1/16
307

t
(mm)
2.4
3
2.5
2.8
3
3
3
3
4

Hand lay-up pipe

s (50psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

s (100psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6

s (150psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
8

PVDF/FRP

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

14

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1 1/16
27.2
1 3/4
44
2 1/4
58
3 5/16
84.4
4 1/8
104
6 1/16
154
7 5/8
194
9 5/8
244
12 1/16
307

t
(mm)
2.4
3
2.5
2.8
3
3
3
3
4

s (50psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6

s (100psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

s (150psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
6
6
10
11
13
16

Section 6 - AC Piping - PVDF lined

Flange (full face)
ANSI Class 150 lbs drilling
Dimensional table shown
DIN class flanges also available

C
B

R=1/4

PVDF/FRP
th

Flange face liner thickness is 3mm

Nominal
(inch)

1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12

(mm)

(mm)

(inch)

(inch)

(inch)

50 psi

32
44
50 1 3/4
57
63 2 1/4
90 3 5/16 84.4
110 4 1/16 103.2
160 6 1/16 154
200 7 5/8 194
250 9 5/8 244
315 12 3/16 309

2.4
3
3
2.8
3.4
3
3
3
3

3.125

6
6
6
6
6
8
8
10
10

1/2

(mm)

Inside
(inch)
1 1/16

27.2

4.5
5.5
4.75
6.5
6
8
7.5
9.5
9.5
11.5
11.75
14
14.25 16.5
17
19.5

3.875

1/2
9/16
9/16
11/16
11/16
13/16
15/16
1 1/16

100 psi

L
150 psi

1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
9/16 11/16
11/16 13/16
13/16 15/16
7/8
1 1/16
1
1 1/4
1 3/16 1 7/16
1 7/16 1 3/4

th

NB

Spot
face

50 psi

100 psi

150 psi

50 psi

100 psi

150 psi

Unit

(inch)

(inch)

2
2
2 1/4
2 3/4
3 1/4
3 1/2
4
4 3/4
5 3/4

2
2
2 3/4
3 1/4
3 3/4
4 1/4
5
5 3/4
7

1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
5/16
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2

1/4
1/4
5/16
3/8
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
11/16

1/4
1/4
5/16
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
11/16
7/8

4
4
4
4
8
8
8
12
12

0.625

1.0625

0.625

1.0625

0.75

1.3125

0.75

1.3125

0.75

1.3125

0.875

1.5

2
2
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
4

0.875

1.5

1.75

1.75

Elbow 90 deg.
s

PVDF /FRP
t

Note: Elbow 45 deg. are also available

r
Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1 1/16
27.2
1 3/4
44
2 1/4
57
3 5/16
84.4
4 1/16
103.2
6 1/16
154
7 5/8
194
9 5/8
244
12 3/16
309

t
(mm)
2.4
3
3
2.8
3.4
3
3
3
3

s
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

r
(mm)
43
58
70
100
124
180
220
290
340

15

Section 6 - AC Piping - PVDF lined

Stub c/w back ring
ANSI Class 150 lbs drilling
Dimensional table shown
DIN class flanges also available

C
H1

R=1/8

I.D.

PVDF/FRP

e
e

Back rings available in PP with steel

core, FRP & galv. steel.
Nominal
(inch)
(mm)

Internal
(inch)
(mm)

C
(inch)

H
(inch)

M
T
100 psi 150 psi 100 psi 150 psi 100 psi

I.D.
150 psi

H1
(inch)

e
(inch)

32

1 1/16

27.2

2 1/4

3/16

3/16

1/2

1/2

1 13/16

1 13/16

1 5/8

1/8

1 1/2
2
3
4
6
8
10
12

50
63
90
110
160
200
250
315

1 3/4
2 1/4
3 5/16
4 1/16
6 1/16
7 5/8
9 5/8
12 3/16

44
57
84.4
103.2
154
194
244
309

3 1/8
3 7/8
5 1/8
6 1/2
8 5/8
10 7/8
13 1/4
15 7/8

6
6
6
6
12
12
12
12

3/16
3/16
3/16
1/4
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16

3/16
3/16
1/4
1/4
3/8
7/16
1/2
5/8

1/2
9/16
11/16
13/16
7/8
1
1 3/16
1 7/16

1/2
11/16
13/16
15/16
1 1/16
1 1/4
1 7/16
1 3/4

2 7/16
3
4 1/8
5 1/4
7 3/8
9 1/2
11 3/4
13 7/8

2 7/16
3
4 1/4
5 1/4
7 5/8
9 3/4
12
14 1/4

2 1/8
2 5/8
3 5/8
4 3/4
6 3/4
8 7/8
11
13 1/8

1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8

-0
+1/16

-0
+1/16

Tee
PVDF/FRP
Z
s

Note: Laterals, concentric & excentric

reducers are also available
Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

16

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1 1/16
27.2
1 3/4
44
2 1/4
57
3 5/16
84.4
4 1/16
103.2
6 1/16
154
7 5/8
194
9 5/8
244
12 3/16
309

t
(mm)
2.4
3
3
2.8
3.4
3
3
3
3

s
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

l
(mm)
89
120
149
181
216
278
340
438
550

z
(mm)
45
60
75
92
110
140
170
220
275

Section 7 - AC Piping - ECTFE lined

ECTFE "Main features"
ECTFE is an abbreviation for the chemical
name
Ethylene
ChloroTriFluoroEthylene copolymer.
HALAR is the commercial brand name
that Ausimont gave to ECTFE.
Service temperature of ECTFE up to
150C

Sodium chlorate

Sodium chlorate

Sodium chlorate

Sodium chlorate

Service Temperature of ECTFE/FRP up

to 110 C
Elongation at break of ECTFE (ASTM
D638) of 200%
Tensile strength at yield (ASTM D638)
between 4000-7500 psi
Lower permeation rate than FEP
Over 50% more economical than FEP
Outstanding abrasion resistance
Excellent impact strength
Main industry applications
Not dissolved by any known solvents to
300 F

Sodium Chlorate Hydrogen peroxide

For Pulp & Paper bleaching
Recommended for strong acid and bases
Semiconductor where the process surface must be exceptionally smooth, pure
(low extractables) and chemically resistant

17

Section 7 - AC Piping - ECTFE lined

Filament wound pipe

ECTFE/FRP

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1 1/16
27.2
1 3/4
44
2 1/4
57
3 3/16
81.4
4 1/8
104
6 1/16
154
7 5/8
194
9 5/8
244
12 3/16
309

t
(mm)
2.4
3
3
4.3
3
3
3
3
3

Hand lay-up pipe

s (50psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

s (100psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6

s (150psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
8

ECTFE/FRP

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

18

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1 1/16
27.2
1 3/4
44
2 1/4
57
3 3/16
81.4
4 1/8
104
6 1/16
154
7 5/8
194
9 5/8
244
12 3/16
309

t
(mm)
2.4
3
3
4.3
3
3
3
3
3

s (50psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6

s (100psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

s (150psi)
(mm)
5
5
5
6
6
10
11
13
16

Section 7 - AC Piping - ECTFE lined

Flange (full face)
ANSI Class 150 lbs drilling
Dimensional table shown
DIN class flanges also available

C
B

R=1/4

ECTFE/FRP
th

Flange face liner thickness is 2.3mm

Nominal
(inch)

1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12

(mm)

Inside

(inch)

(inch)

50 psi

6
6
6
6
6
8
8
10
10

1/2

(inch)

(mm)

(mm)

(inch)

32 1 1/16
50 1 3/4
63 2 1/4
90 3 3/16
110 4 1/8
160 6 1/16
200 7 5/8
250 9 5/8
315 12 3/16

27.2

2.4
3
3
4.3
3
3
3
3
3

3.125

44
57
81.4
104
154
194
244
309

4.5
3.875 5.5
4.75
6.5
6
8
7.5
9.5
9.5
11.5
11.75
14
14.25 16.5
17
19.5

1/2
9/16
9/16
11/16
11/16
13/16
15/16
1 1/16

100 psi

L
150 psi

1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
9/16 11/16
11/16 13/16
13/16 15/16
7/8
1 1/16
1
1 1/4
1 3/16 1 7/16
1 7/16 1 3/4

th

NB

Spot
face

50 psi

100 psi

150 psi

50 psi

100 psi

150 psi

Unit

(inch)

(inch)

2
2
2 1/4
2 3/4
3 1/4
3 1/2
4
4 3/4
5 3/4

2
2
2 3/4
3 1/4
3 3/4
4 1/4
5
5 3/4
7

1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
5/16
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2

1/4
1/4
5/16
3/8
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
11/16

1/4
1/4
5/16
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
11/16
7/8

4
4
4
4
8
8
8
12
12

0.625

1.0625

0.625

1.0625

0.75

1.3125

0.75

1.3125

0.75

1.3125

0.875

1.5

2
2
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
4

0.875

1.5

1.75

1.75

Elbow 90 deg.
s

ECTFE/FRP
t

Note: Elbow 45 deg. are also available

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1 1/16
27.2
1 3/4
44
2 1/4
57
3 3/16
81.4
4 1/8
104
6 1/16
154
7 5/8
194
9 5/8
244
12 3/16
309

t
(mm)
2.4
3
3
4.3
3
3
3
3
3

s
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

r
(mm)
43
58
70
100
124
180
220
290
340

19

Section 7 - AC Piping - ECTFE lined

Stub c/w back ring
ANSI Class 150 lbs drilling
Dimensional table shown
DIN class flanges also available

C
H1

R=1/8

I.D.

ECTFE/FRP

e
e

Back rings available in PP with steel

core, FRP & galv. steel.
Nominal
(inch)
(mm)

Internal
(inch)
(mm)

C
(inch)

H
(inch)

M
T
100 psi 150 psi 100 psi 150 psi 100 psi

I.D.
150 psi

H1
(inch)

e
(inch)

32

1 1/16

27.2

2 1/4

3/16

3/16

1/2

1/2

1 13/16

1 13/16

1 5/8

1/8

1 1/2
2
3
4
6
8
10
12

50
63
90
110
160
200
250
315

1 3/4
2 1/4
3 3/16
4 1/8
6 1/16
7 5/8
9 5/8
12 3/16

44
57
81.4
104
154
194
244
309

3 1/8
3 7/8
5 1/8
6 1/2
8 5/8
10 7/8
13 1/4
15 7/8

6
6
6
6
12
12
12
12

3/16
3/16
3/16
1/4
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16

3/16
3/16
1/4
1/4
3/8
7/16
1/2
5/8

1/2
9/16
11/16
13/16
7/8
1
1 3/16
1 7/16

1/2
11/16
13/16
15/16
1 1/16
1 1/4
1 7/16
1 3/4

2 7/16
3
4 1/8
5 1/4
7 3/8
9 1/2
11 3/4
13 7/8

2 7/16
3
4 1/4
5 1/4
7 5/8
9 3/4
12
14 1/4

2 1/8
2 5/8
3 5/8
4 3/4
6 3/4
8 7/8
11
13 1/8

1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8
1/8

-0
+1/16

-0
+1/16

Tee
ECTFE/FRP
Z
s

Note: Laterals, concentric & excentric

reducers are also available

Nominal
(inch)
(mm)
1
32
1.5
50
2
63
3
90
4
110
6
160
8
200
10
250
12
315

20

Internal
(inch)
(mm)
1 1/16
27.2
1 3/4
44
2 1/4
57
3 3/16
81.4
4 1/8
104
6 1/16
154
7 5/8
194
9 5/8
244
12 3/16
309

t
(mm)
2.4
3
3
4.3
3
3
3
3
3

s
(mm)
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
10
11

l
(mm)
89
120
149
181
216
278
340
438
550

z
(mm)
45
60
75
92
110
140
170
220
275

Section 8 - Design information

Dual
Laminate
piping
fabrication : What you should
know
This section will provide valuable
information concerning the fabrication and
assembly of our Dual Laminate piping
systems. Key information will be
addressed concerning the following points
:
Embedding process
Bonding properties and standards
Welding techniques
Welding evaluation
Structural reinforcement
Span, pipe anchoring and bolting

8.2 - Bonding properties Proof is in testing

Chemical bonding and Mechanical
bonding are the two distinct types of
bonding methods in a Dual Laminate
system where a chemical bond is
applicable to Vinylchlorides and a
mechanical bond to Polyolefins &
Fluoropolymers.

1 - Thermoplastic liner components with fabric

material

As established in ASME RTP1 appendix

M14, bonding properties must satisfy at
least one of the three bond strength tests
described below:
ASTM D 1781 Climbing drum
peel test bond - 50 in. Lb/in

2 - AC Plastiques Dual Laminate piping system

8.1 - Embedding process

Our unique Hot air embedding and Fusion
embedding technologies, applicable to
polyolefin and fluoropolymer piping
systems, provide consistent bonding
properties due to the monitoring and
controlling of the following three
parameters :
Fusion pressure/time
Fusion pressure and time are set so that
the liquefied liners surface penetrates no
more than 50 % of the knitted fabrics
thickness, therefore leaving enough
exposed tissue for bonding to the FRP.
Fusion temperature/time
Our heating apparatus brings the
thermoplastics liner surface to exactly its
melting temperature. The accuracy of the
temperature and duration of time are
extremely important, for a temperature
too high or to low will either oxidize and
damage the liner, or make for poor
bonding properties.

BS 4994 B11 Peel test - 40 lb/in (5N/

mm)
ASTM D 3846 Lap shear test - 1015
psi (7N/mm2)
DIN 53769 shear test Minimal value
requirement depends on liner material as
per DIN16965 & DIN 16966 (*see
note)

3 - Bonding property test results

Note : PVC 7N/mm2, PP 3.5N/

mm2, PVDF 5N/mm2
AC Plastiques Canada Inc. has made it
the commitment to exceed those
standards.

4 - Dual laminate piping in service

8.3 - Welding techniques

Assembly of the components of our Dual
Laminate piping system is either achieved
by hot gas welding or heated tool butt
welding.

5 - Customer satisfaction

21

Section 8 - Design information

8.3.1 - Hot gas welding
Hot gas welding is a very efficient, reliable
technique for the joining of thermoplastic
components. It is used in all three classes
of thermoplastics; Vinylchlorides,
Polyolefins and Fluoropolymers.

Our hot gas welding procedures follow

DVS standard 2207, section 3 Hot gas
rod welding of thermoplastics.
Furthermore, each of our thermoplastic
technicians undergo periodic testing to
evaluate and validate their welding
abilities. Testing procedures comply to
ASTM C1147 Standard practice for
determining the short term tensile weld
strength of chemical-resistant
thermoplastics, in which the minimum
short term weld factors illustrated on the
table below must be obtained.
MINIMUM SHORT TERM WELD
FACTORS
Hot Extru- Hot
Thermoplastic
gas
sion
plate
HDPE
0.8
0.8
0.9
PP
0.8
0.8
0.9
PVC
0.8
X
0.9
CPVC
0.6
X
0.8
PVDF
0.8
0.8
0.9
ECTFE
0.9
0.9
0.9
ETFE
0.9
0.9
0.9
FEP
0.9
0.9
0.9
TFE (PFA Fiber)
0.9
0.9
X
PFA
0.9
0.9
0.9

Liner
PVC
CPVC
PP
PVDF
ECTFE

22

Welding
Temp.
260..290
290..350
280..330
350..360
350..380

Preparation of pipes or fittings to be

joined
The parts to be welded are profiled on
their connecting edges (V-seam). The
connecting surfaces are deburred and
cleaned of the connecting surfaces. Parts
are then adjusted for welding.
Welding
During hot gas welding, the basic material
(connecting surfaces) as well as the
application material (welding rod) are to
be brought up to welding temperature via
constant regular heating. The size and
qty of welding rods must follow DVS
requirements shown below:
Liner thickness Qty/size () of rod
2mm
1 x 4mm
3mm
3 x 3mm
4mm
1 x 3mm + 2 x 4mm
6mm
6 x 3mm
The parameters illustrated on the table
below must also be followed to assure
optimum welding results.

WELDING PARAMETERS
Welding
Air flow
Nb of pass
speed
((l/min)
(sheet 2.3 mm)
10-16
N/A
N/A
10-16
N/A
N/A
10-16
50-60
N/A
10-16
50-60
N/A
6-8
50-60
1 X 4mm

Nb of pass
(sheet 3 mm)
3 X 4mm
3 X 4mm
3 X 3mm
3 X 3mm
N/A

Section 8 - Design information

8.3.2 - Heat plate butt welding
Following DVS 2207 - 1, 2, 11, 15
The figure shown below illustrates how
temperature, pressure and time, control
the Heat plate butt welding process.
These three parameters can be
categorized under the five following
operation categories;
Alignment time
Pre-heating time
Adjusting time
Joining pressure build-up time
Cooling time.

23

Section 8 - Design information

8.3.2 - Heat plate butt welding
Following DVS 2207 - 1, 2, 11, 15

Alignment time
The operations performed during that
section serve to prepare the two sections
to be joined.
Assembling of the welding machine
Install the welding tent (If necessary)
Clamp and adjust the parts to be
welded
Mill the surfaces to be welded
Remove shaving
Check the evenness of the surfaces to
be welded by placing them together.
The maximum gap between the
surfaces must follow the established
tables of the liner upplier

Joining pressure build-up time

This step consists in joining the two
sections by constantly increasing the
joining pressure up to the desired joining
pressure. The desired joining pressure
must be obtained in a controlled laps of
time.
Cooling time
Once the joining pressure is obtained, it
is maintained while the weld area cools
down. The use of cooling agents to
dramatically reduce the cooling time is not
permitted.

Check displacement of pipes

Clean heating element with paper free
of fibre
Pre-heating time
The pre-heating time is dependent of the
pipe diameter, its wall thickness and the
thermoplastic family class. The following
operations are performed during this
segment of the heat element butt process.

Preparing of welding

Assuring that the welding temperature

is adequate
Inserting the heating element
Maintain a constant pre-heating
pressure at the surfaces that are to be
welded onto the heating element until
a bead is created around the total
diameter.

Aligning and pre-heating

Adjusting time
Reduce the pre-heating pressure value to
almost 0. After sufficient pre-heating,
Joining and cooling

24

Section 8 - Design information

8.4 - Welding evaluation
Further to qualify, evaluate and validate
the expertise of a welder by testing welds
in a lab, the welders along with the quality
control personnel must have the
necessary technical knowledge and tools
to validate the visual aspect of a weld at
any time during fabrication.
Thus, the AWS G1 committee on Joining
Plastics and Composites has put together
a guide for the evaluation of hot gas, hot

gas extrusion, and heated tool butt

thermoplastic welds; the G.1.10
document.

The following illustrates main visual weld

aspects for Hot gas welding and heated
tool butt welding techniques.

The G.1.10 document illustrates and

quantifies all visual aspects of a
thermoplastic welded assembly. It lists
and describes defects in welded joints in
thermoplastics and has therefore become
the basis for visual inspection acceptance
criteria, with three levels of acceptance.

For a complete listing of visual inspection

guide, refer to the G.1.10 document.

DESCRIPTION OF EVALUATION GROUPS FOR HOT GAS FAN AND SPEED WELDS
No. Feature

Evaluation Groups

Description

II

III

4 Incomplete joint penetration

Not permissible
Notches caused by incomplete weld
filling at root, due to, for example:
generating angle too small during edge
preparation
root gap too small
root rod too thick
welding force too small

Not permissible

Locally permissible in limited

numbers if s < 0.1s

6 Excessive melt through

Caused by, for example:

Locally permissible in limited

numbers if s < 0.15s
but max = 2 mm

Permissible if s < 0.2s

but max = 3 mm

Permissible if s < 0.25s

but max = 4 mm

Not permissible

Not permissible

Not permissible

root gap too big

compressed stringer bead

8 Underfill

Inadaquate weld filling

DESCRIPTION OF EVALUATION GROUPS FOR HEATED TOOL BUTT WELDS

No. Feature
2 Weld undercut

Evaluation Groups

Description

Continuous ot local notches length- Not permissible

wise to weld with root of the notch
below the surface of the base material.
Caused by, for example:

II

III

Not permissible

Not permissible

Not permissible

Not permissible

insufficient joint pressure

warming-up time too short
cooling time too short
6 Narrow, excessive welding flash*

Excessive and sharp-edged welding

flash over part or all of weld length
due to wrong welding parameters,
especially caused by:
excessive joint pressure with
polyolefins only

Not permissible

25

Section 8 - Design information

8.5 - Structural reinforcement

Premium grade vinylester or polyester

resins are used as part of the structural
reinforcement over the thermoplastic liner
pipe & fittings system.
Different types of laminates may be designed and fabricated in order to meet or
exceed structural design requirements
ranging from full vacuum to 150 psig internal pressure. The three classes or
types of laminates available are filament
wound, hand lay up and type X laminates.

8.5.2 - Hand lay up

8.5.3 - Type X laminates

Hand lay up or tape winding consists in

manually applying layers of fiberglass mats
and roving tissue on the thermoplastic liners surface. Type I hand lay up laminates consist of only mats while type II
laminates consists of alternate layers of
mats and rovings.

Type X laminates are nonstandard reinforcement laminates, meaning that their

fabrication processes differ from the two
conventionnally used methods of structural overlay that are Hand lay up and
Filament winding.

Typically, this process is used on shorter

spool sections, flanges, elbows, tees and
reducers. It can also be used on long
spool sections.
The main advantage of using the hand lay
up reinforcement process is that it provides isotropic properties, therefore making it a process of choice in vacuum conditions. For high internal design pressure however, the laminate thickness may
be greater than for the filament wound
process to compensate for lower hoop
properties.

Design conditions may sometimes require

mechanical properties that cannot be
achieved by hand lay up or filament winding process. Specific laminates are therefore developed in order to meet or exceed those conditions.
Many types of X laminates have been developed, Chop-Hoop and Ortho
laminates amongst others. The following
table illustrates typical mechanical properties obtained from hand lay up, filament
winding at 55 and Ortho laminate described methods of structural reinforcements.

8.5.1 - Filament winding

Filament winding is a fully automated
structural reinforcement process that consists in applying or winding a band of
continous glass filament on a thermoplastic pipe as the pipe is turning. It is performed as per the ASTM D-2996 standard. It is used when reinforcement is required on long spool sections (between
20-60 ft long).
Spool sections are wound at an angle that
can vary from 30 to 89, depending on
the design requirements. A 55 angle provides a 2:1 hoop/axial tensile property ratio.

26

FRP MECANICAL PROPERTIES

Ultimate tensile strength (axial) psi

Ultimate tensile strength (hoop) psi

Type 1
12000
12000

Type 2
15000
15000

Filament
wound
55 deg.
12500
25000

Tensile modulus (axial) psi

Tensile modulus (hoop) psi

1.2 E06
1.2 E06

1.5 E06
1.5 E06

1.2 E06
2.5 E06

1.83 E06
3.67 E06

0.01
0.01

0.01
0.01

0.015
0.01

0.015
0.015

Properties

Strain (axial)
Strain (hoop)

Hand lay-up

Ortho
27500
55000

Section 8 - Design information

8.6.1 - Span
The following tables illustrate the span between supports for both hand layup and
filament wound type piping. The following assumptions have been considered to
determine the support spacing :
Safety factor of 10:1.
Only the FRP contributes structurally.
Support spacing takes into account full
liquid weight (specific gravity of 1.3)
plus dead weight of pipe.
Maximum operating temperature of
210 F.
Deflection limit : Span/180 to a
maximum of 1/2
Bending stress and deflections are
based on a uniformly loaded, simply
supported, single span beam model.

SPAN (FT) FOR FILAMENT WOUND

Nominal /
0.2
0.25
0.30
Thickness (inch)
(inch)
(feet)
(feet)
(feet)
2
8.0
8.5
9.0
3
9.5
10.0
11.0
4
10.0
11.0
12.0
6
10.5
11.5
12.5
8
10.5
11.5
13.0
10
10.5
12.0
13.0
12
10.5
12.0
13.0

SPAN (FT) FOR HAND

Nominal /
0.18
0.25
Thickness (inch)
(inch)
(feet) (feet)
2
7.0
9.0
3
8.0
10.5
4
8.0
11.5
6
8.5
12.0
8
8.5
12.0
10
8.5
12.0
12
9.0
12.0

REINFORCED PIPES
0.36

0.41

0.46

0.51

(feet)
9.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.0
14.0
14.5

(feet)

(feet)

(feet)

13.0
14.5
15.0
15.0
15.5

15.5
16.0
16.0

17.0
17.0

LAY-UP REINFORCED PIPES

0.29

0.37

0.41

0.49

0.56

0.64

(feet)
9.5
11.0
12.5
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.5

(feet)
11.0
12.5
14.0
15.5
16.0
16.0
16.0

(feet)

(feet)

(feet)

(feet)

14.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.0

17.5
18.0
18.0
18.5

19.5
19.5

20.0

8.6.2- Thermal elongation vs

Anchoring and supporting
methods
Thermal elongation of a Dual Laminate
pipe is determined, among other things,
by the temperature gradient and the thermal expansion coefficient of the FRP.
Proper anchoring of the system assures
stability and prevents structural damage
induced by tensile and compressive
stresses from elongation and/or contraction. The following figures illustrate typical anchoring techniques to allow for thermal expansion of pipe.

8.6.3 - Bolt torque and

torquing sequence
The table far right illustrates bolt torques
and torquing sequences.

BOLT TORQUE AND TORQUING

SEQUENCE
Bolt
Torque
size
(Lbs-ft)
(inch)
1/2

15

5/8

25

3/4

40

7/8

65

100

11

1
5

7
3

10

4
6

8
2

12

27

AC Plastiques Canada Inc.

OUR PARTNERS
A short list of companies that supply us with the highest quality raw materials which we, in turn, transform and fabricate into the
very best in corrosion resistant products available today.

OUR AGENTS
To meet the increase in inquiries for dual
laminate and FRP products throughout
the United States, AC Plastiques Canada
Inc. has joined forces with established US
manufacturing agents that have the technical knowledge required in promoting
non-metallic corrosion-resistant materials
and products. To find out which of these
Representatives is nearest you, simply call
us, or visit our website at :
www.acplastiques.com

MEMBERSHIPS
A list of organizations in which we are active participants, helping in the technological progress of composites fabrication, its
procedures, specifications, and environmental protection

CONTACT US, WE WILL MAKE THE DIFFERENCE

1395, monte Chenier, Les Cdres, Qubec, J7T 1L9, Tel: (450) 455-3311, Fax: (450) 452-2037
28