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Find a
verb
Ends in
iru or
eru?
Yes
Either ichidan or
godan. Memorize!
Godan
From the flow chart, you can see that for most verb endings (, , , , , , ,
and ), you know right away that the verb is godan. You also know right away that
verbs ending in -aru (, to leave), -uru (, to sell), and -oru (, to take)
are godan. For verbs that end in -iru or -eru, youll have to memorize whether theyre
ichidan or godan.
Exercise: For the verbs youve learned on WaniKani through Level 3, identify whether
the verb is ichidan or godan. Since were learning kanji here, you can write and
in kanji, if you want to be fancy. Mind your stroke order when writing.
ichidan
Verb
Reading
godan
Verb
Reading
Reading
Verb
Reading
verb
Drop
verb
Change final
vowel to
Examples:
Add
Exercise: Write out the plain and polite affirmative forms for the verbs youve learned
through WaniKani Level 4. Make sure to use the correct stroke order for the kanji. You
can find it on Jisho.org if youre not sure.
Verb
Plain
Polite
Verb
Plain
Polite
Review Exercise: Identify whether the verbs youve learned in WaniKani Level 4 are
ichidan () or godan (). You probably had to figure this out for the exercise
you just did, so it should be easy! Do you remember how to write and ?
Verb
Reading
Verb
Reading
* Note: Make sure to notice that changes to and not for this stem!
5
verb
Drop
verb
Change final
vowel to
Examples:
Add
verb
Drop
verb
Change final
vowel to
Examples:
Add
Exercise: Write out the plain and polite negative forms for the verbs youve learned
through WaniKani Level 5. Make sure to use the correct stroke order for the kanji. You
can find it on Jisho.org if youre not sure.
Verb
Plain Neg.
Polite Neg.
Verb
Plain Neg.
Polite Neg.
Verb
Plain Neg.
Polite Neg.
Verb
Plain Neg.
Polite Neg.
Review Exercise: You now know four forms of a verb, the present tense plain and
polite, affirmative and negative forms.
Aff.
Neg.
Plain
Polite
Aff.
Neg.
Plain
Polite
Aff.
Neg.
Plain
Polite
Aff.
Neg.
Plain
Polite
are (to do, to make) and (to come). Pay extra attention to how
the stem of changes. Now quit slacking and learn em!
Plain
Polite
Plain
Aff.
Aff.
Neg.
Neg.
Polite
Level 6: -Adjectives
Did you know that -adjectives are a kind of verb? That is to say, they function
grammatically as verbs. They inflect (change their ending) like verbs to indicate tense
and mood. And just like verbs, their plain present form is identical to their dictionary
form.
Lets look at the conjugation of an -adjective in the present tense, and for the first
time, the past tense as well. As with verbs, think about the stem of the adjective and
the different endings that attach to the stem for different conjugations.
- Big
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative
Plain
Polite
Very Polite
Okay, I know thats a lot of information at once. But lets look at some patterns that
will make these forms easier to remember. Well look at the plain form first.
Affirmative
Negative
Present
Past
Dictionary form
-adj
Drop
Add
Change to
Add
Drop
Add
Not so bad, is it? There are really only two rules here. To go from present affirmative
to negative, you change the end of the adjectives stem from to and add . To
go from present to past, in both affirmative and negative, you drop and add .
Even better, once you know those two rules, you can make all the polite forms with
just one more rule: Add .
Still, it will probably take some practice to get comfortable with these conjugations, so
head to the next page and give it a shot.
8
Level 6: -Adjectives
Exercise: Write the meaning of the following -adjectives youve learned on
WaniKani and conjugate them into their affirmative and negative plain forms. For the
last one, prove that you can add to things by filling in the polite form as well.
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative
Plain
Polite
There are a couple mistakes that learners often make that you
should be extra careful to avoid!
Mistake #1: Using with an -adjective
Since the polite form of an -adjective uses the polite copula
, sometimes learners assume that you can use the plain
copula with -adjectives as well. Well, you cant! The plain
form of the adjective is complete on its own. If you want to say,
Its big, in the plain form, you just say ! You cant say
. Thats bad grammar.
Mistake #2: Conjugating after -adjectives
Keep in mind that you always just add to make an -adjective into its polite form,
even with adjectives in the past tense. Sometimes learners are tempted to change into
its past tense form () when using it with the past tense conjugations of -adjectives,
but this is wrong! The ending means the -adjective is already in the past tense. Just
use .
9
Level 6: -Adjectives
Exercise: Swear before the mighty Crabigator that you will not make these mistakes.
We still have one column left in our -adjective conjugation table, and thats the
more polite forms. You can make all these forms from the dictionary form, so Ive
grayed out the other plain conjugations:
- Big
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative
Plain
Very Polite
*
Plain
Polite
10
Very Polite
Level 6: -Adjectives
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative
Plain
Polite
Very Polite
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative
Plain
Polite
Very Polite
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative
Plain
Polite
Very Polite
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative
Plain
Polite
Very Polite
Review Exercise: You still remember how to conjugate and verbs, right?
Prove it with some verbs you learned in WaniKani Level 6.
Affirmative
Negative
Plain
Polite
Affirmative
Negative
Plain
Polite
Affirmative
Negative
Plain
Polite
Affirmative
Negative
Plain
Polite
11
verb
verb
Add
Drop
, ,
ending
Drop
ending
Add
, ,
ending
Drop
ending
Add
ending
Drop
ending
Add
ending
Drop
ending
Add
ending
Drop
ending
Add
12
Present
Present
Past
Past
Present
Present
Past
Past
Present
Present
Past
Past
Present
Present
Past
Past
Present
Present
Past
Past
Present
Present
Past
Past
Present
Past
Present
Past
Present
Past
Past
Present
Past
Present*
Past
()
Present
* Note: WaniKani hasnt taught any - verbs yet, but we need to practice this form,
so were going to borrow one from Level 9. This verb means to swim. Deal with it!
Present
Past
Present
Past
13
Present
Past
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
14
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Dictionary
Form
Plain Present
Negative
Plain Past
Negative
The polite negative also fits a pattern that weve already seen. Remember how in
Level 7 we saw how verbs that end in - have the ending - in the past? The same
is true for the polite - form.
Verb Type
Dictionary
Form
Polite Present
Affirmative
Polite Past
Affirmative
The polite past negative is formed from the polite present negative, the form that
ends in -. To make the polite past negative, just add the past tense of the
copula, .
Verb Type
Dictionary
Form
Polite Present
Negative
Polite Past
Negative
15
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
16
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
17
Irregular
Dictionary Form
Form
Plain Past
In the exercises so far, weve just been putting verbs into different conjugations, but
not really using them in practical contexts. For this level, lets practice these forms
using a number of different useful patterns.
To make a polite request of someone else, use the form of a verb and add .
English Request
form +
Japanese Request
Please eat.
Exercise: Show that you know the translation of each verb by making a request in
English. Then ask someone to please do these things for you in Japanese.
Verb
English
Please
Verb
English
Please
Verb
English
Please
Japanese
.
Japanese
.
Japanese
.
Verb
English
Please
Verb
English
Please
Verb
English
Please
18
Japanese
.
Japanese
.
Japanese
.
English
Please
Verb
English
Please
Verb
English
Please
Japanese
.
Japanese
.
Japanese
.
Verb
English
Please
Verb
English
Please
Verb
English
Please
Japanese
.
Japanese
.
Japanese
.
Polite Form
Plain Form
Polite Form
Note: In spoken language and sometimes in casual writing (or written dialogue), the
in and is omitted. So if you happen to see or ,
youll know its the same thing you saw here.
Exercise: Translate the sentences on the next page into Japanese using the form +
and . Youve learned all this vocabulary on WaniKani, but youll need to
know particles like , , and to write them. In you translations, practice writing
the way Japanese often do by leaving out personal pronouns.
19
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Youre) resting.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Hes) watching fireworks.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Im) holding bamboo.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Hes) swimming in the pond.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
On Sundays, (I) climb volcanoes.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Shes) fixing the car
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Youre) using a tool.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Im) usually ride in a car.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
Every day, (you) go to school.
Plain Form
Polite Form
Exercise: Sometimes you might have to use your noodle to figure out what someone
means from context. Based on the description of context, write down an English
translation of what your friend is saying to you.
Scenario 1: You call a friends cell phone. When she answers, you can hear a lot of
background noise. You ask her, What are you doing right now? She replies,
. Translate her response into English.
Scenario 2: A friend is sitting next to you in your living room. Youre talking about your
daily commute. You ask him, How do you get to school? He replies, .
Translate his response into English.
20
WaniKani
Verb Conjugation Check-In
Answer Key
Verb
Reading
Verb
Reading
Exercise, Page 3:
Verb
Reading
Verb
Reading
Verb
Plain
Polite
Verb
22
Plain
Polite
Verb
Reading
Verb
Reading
Polite Neg.
Exercise, Page 7:
Verb
Plain Neg.
Polite Neg.
Plain
Polite
Aff.
Neg.
Aff.
Neg.
Plain
Polite
Verb
Verb
Aff.
Neg.
Plain
Polite
Aff.
Neg.
Plain
Polite
23
Plain
- Small
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
- Early
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
- Blue
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
- Bright
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Very Polite
Plain
Polite
Very Polite
24
Plain
Polite
Very Polite
- Cheap
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative
Plain
Polite
Very Polite
- White
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative
Plain
Polite
Very Polite
Affirmative
Negative
Plain
Polite
Affirmative
Negative
Plain
Polite
Affirmative
Negative
Plain
Polite
Affirmative
Negative
Plain
Polite
Present
Present
Past
Past
Present
Present
Past
Past
25
Present
Present
Past
Past
Present
Present
Present
Past
Past
Present
Present
Past
Past
Past
Present
Past
Present
Past
Past
Present
Past
Present
Past
Past
Present
Past
Present
Past
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
26
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Present
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
27
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Present Aff.
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Past Aff.
Past Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
28
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.
Plain
Polite
English
Please ride.
Japanese
Verb
English
Please teach.*
Japanese
Verb
English
Please fix.
Japanese
Verb
English
Please climb.
Japanese
Verb
English
Please pull.
Japanese
Verb
English
Please stand.
Japanese
Verb
English
Please begin.
Japanese
Japanese
English
Please send.
Verb
English
Please hold.
Japanese
Japanese
Verb
English
Please buy.
Japanese
Verb
English
Please show.
Verb
English
Please speak.
Japanese
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Youre) resting.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Hes) watching fireworks.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Im) holding bamboo.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Hes) swimming in the pond.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
Plain Form*
Polite Form*
On Sundays, (I) climb volcanoes.
English
(Shes) fixing the car
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(Youre) using a tool.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
(I) usually ride in a car.
Plain Form
Polite Form
English
Every day, (you) go to school.
Plain Form
Polite Form
* Note: can also be written as , which is a better kanji to use for climbing
mountains, but you havent learned it yet. Youll see it in Level 12.