October Jobs Report

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 4, 2016
USDL-16-2095
Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 cpsinfo@bls.gov www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 cesinfo@bls.gov www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OCTOBER 2016

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 161,000 in October, and the unemployment rate was little
changed at 4.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to
trend up in health care, professional and business services, and financial activities.
Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month

change, seasonally adjusted, October 2014
October 2016
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

October 2014 October 2016
Thousands
Percent
8.0
450
400
350
7.0
300
250
200
150
6.0
100
50
0
-50
5.0
4.0
Oct-14
Jan-15
Apr-15
Jul-15
Oct-15
Jan-16
Apr-16
Jul-16
Oct-16
Oct-14
Jan-15
Apr-15
Jul-15
Oct-15
Jan-16
Apr-16
Jul-16
Oct-16
Hurricane Matthew
Hurricane Matthew affected parts of the East Coast during the October reference periods for the
establishment and household surveys. For information on how severe weather can affect
employment and hours data, see Question 8 in the Frequently Asked Questions section of this
news release.
Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate, at 4.9 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 7.8 million,
changed little in October. Both measures have shown little movement, on net, since August 2015. (See
table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics declined to 5.7 percent in
October, while the rates for adult men (4.6 percent), adult women (4.3 percent), teenagers (15.6 percent),
Whites (4.3 percent), Blacks (8.6 percent), and Asians (3.4 percent) showed little change. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs declined by 218,000 over the
month to 3.7 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was
unchanged at 2.0 million in October and accounted for 25.2 percent of the unemployed. (See tables A-11
and A-12.)
In October, both the labor force participation rate, at 62.8 percent, and the employment-population
ratio, at 59.7 percent, changed little. These measures have shown little movement in recent months,
although both are up over the year. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (also referred to as involuntary parttime workers) was unchanged in October at 5.9 million. These individuals, who would have preferred
full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they
were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)
In October, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 216,000 from a
year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted
and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 487,000 discouraged workers in October, down by 178,000
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work for reasons
such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 161,000 in October. Thus far in 2016, employment growth
has averaged 181,000 per month, compared with an average monthly increase of 229,000 in 2015. In
October, employment continued to trend up in health care, professional and business services, and
financial activities. (See table B-1.)
Health care employment rose by 31,000 in October. Within the industry, employment growth occurred
in ambulatory health care services (+19,000) and hospitals (+13,000). Over the past 12 months, health
care has added 415,000 jobs.
-2-
Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in October (+43,000) and has
risen by 542,000 over the year. Over the month, a job gain occurred in computer systems design and
related services (+8,000). Employment in management and technical consulting services continued to
trend up (+5,000).
In October, employment in financial activities continued on an upward trend (+14,000), with a gain in
insurance carriers and related activities (+8,000).
Employment in other major industries, including mining, construction, manufacturing, wholesale
trade, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, information, leisure and hospitality, and
government, changed little over the month.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in
October. In manufacturing, the workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, while overtime was
unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 cents to
$25.92, following an 8-cent increase in September. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by
2.8 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees
increased by 4 cents to $21.72 in October. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised up from +167,000 to
+176,000, and the change for September was revised up from +156,000 to +191,000. With these
revisions, employment gains in August and September combined were 44,000 more than previously
reported. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 176,000 per month.
_____________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday,
December 2, 2016, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
-3-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Change from:
Sept. 2016Oct. 2016
Oct.
2016
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
251,541
157,096
62.5
149,197
59.3
7,899
5.0
94,446
253,854
159,463
62.8
151,614
59.7
7,849
4.9
94,391
254,091
159,907
62.9
151,968
59.8
7,939
5.0
94,184
254,321
159,712
62.8
151,925
59.7
7,787
4.9
94,609
230
-195
-0.1
-43
-0.1
-152
-0.1
425
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .
5.0
4.7
4.5
15.8
4.4
9.2
3.5
6.4
4.9
4.5
4.5
15.7
4.4
8.1
4.2
5.6
5.0
4.7
4.4
15.8
4.4
8.3
3.9
6.4
4.9
4.6
4.3
15.6
4.3
8.6
3.4
5.7
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.1
0.3
-0.5
-0.7
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelors degree and higher............................................. .
4.1
7.3
5.3
4.3
2.5
4.1
7.2
5.1
4.3
2.7
4.2
8.5
5.2
4.2
2.5
4.0
7.3
5.5
3.8
2.6
-0.2
-1.2
0.3
-0.4
0.1
Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .
3,944
790
2,435
812
3,791
885
2,271
861
3,967
893
2,333
805
3,749
949
2,354
793
-218
56
21
-12
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .
2,339
2,295
1,227
2,132
2,290
2,329
1,056
2,006
2,574
2,234
1,157
1,974
2,397
2,296
1,165
1,979
-177
62
8
5
Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .
5,761
3,289
2,189
20,179
6,053
3,727
1,929
20,523
5,894
3,618
1,969
20,688
5,889
3,505
2,118
20,691
-5
-113
149
3
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .
1,916
665
1,713
576
1,844
553
1,700
487
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
295
304
31
-4
33
2
-4
0.9
6
273
9.3
21.4
-6.6
-0.2
5
11
91
27.8
78
66.6
53
11
-9
176
132
-26
-4
-6
-16
-16
-3.4
0
158
3.4
16.8
18.9
-0.7
-1
18
28
-2.8
56
37.6
10
9
44
191
188
14
-1
23
-8
-7
-2.2
-1
174
11.9
22.2
-3.1
0.2
1
4
78
31.0
39
21.8
7
13
3
161
142
0
-2
11
-9
-5
-0.1
-4
142
6.3
-1.1
7.5
0.9
4
14
43
6.4
52
39.1
10
6
19
(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
198
196
233
197
206
180
176
154
Category
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
49.4
47.9
82.4
49.7
48.2
82.3
49.7
48.2
82.3
49.6
48.2
82.3
34.5
$25.21
$869.75
104.4
0.3
125.8
0.6
34.3
$25.74
$882.88
105.4
-0.2
129.6
-0.1
34.4
$25.82
$888.21
105.8
0.4
130.6
0.8
34.4
$25.92
$891.65
106.0
0.2
131.3
0.5
59.7
53.8
58.6
46.2
57.1
41.8
59.2
48.1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 623,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The
unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishments principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
The household survey includes agricultural

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.
The household survey includes people on unpaid

leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.
The household survey is limited to workers 16 years

of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.
The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may

differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000
(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from

administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted

Employment status, sex, and age
Oct.
2015
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
June
2016
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
251,541
157,313
62.5
149,716
59.5
7,597
4.8
94,228
5,703
254,091
159,636
62.8
151,977
59.8
7,658
4.8
94,456
5,753
254,321
159,783
62.8
152,335
59.9
7,447
4.7
94,539
5,613
251,541
157,096
62.5
149,197
59.3
7,899
5.0
94,446
6,039
253,397
158,880
62.7
151,097
59.6
7,783
4.9
94,517
5,692
253,620
159,287
62.8
151,517
59.7
7,770
4.9
94,333
5,886
253,854
159,463
62.8
151,614
59.7
7,849
4.9
94,391
5,833
254,091
159,907
62.9
151,968
59.8
7,939
5.0
94,184
6,088
254,321
159,712
62.8
151,925
59.7
7,787
4.9
94,609
5,912
Men, 16 years and over

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121,474
83,572
68.8
79,579
65.5
3,993
4.8
37,902
122,775
84,996
69.2
80,952
65.9
4,043
4.8
37,779
122,889
84,991
69.2
80,966
65.9
4,025
4.7
37,898
121,474
83,505
68.7
79,225
65.2
4,279
5.1
37,969
122,427
84,766
69.2
80,596
65.8
4,169
4.9
37,662
122,539
84,826
69.2
80,548
65.7
4,278
5.0
37,713
122,656
84,906
69.2
80,674
65.8
4,232
5.0
37,750
122,775
85,084
69.3
80,755
65.8
4,329
5.1
37,691
122,889
85,034
69.2
80,722
65.7
4,312
5.1
37,855

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
113,049
80,817
71.5
77,258
68.3
3,559
4.4
32,232
114,289
82,020
71.8
78,459
68.6
3,561
4.3
32,269
114,401
82,065
71.7
78,538
68.7
3,527
4.3
32,337
113,049
80,660
71.3
76,857
68.0
3,803
4.7
32,389
113,951
81,788
71.8
78,127
68.6
3,661
4.5
32,163
114,058
81,834
71.7
78,048
68.4
3,786
4.6
32,224
114,173
81,838
71.7
78,143
68.4
3,695
4.5
32,335
114,289
82,019
71.8
78,195
68.4
3,825
4.7
32,269
114,401
82,004
71.7
78,233
68.4
3,771
4.6
32,398
Women, 16 years and over

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130,067
73,741
56.7
70,137
53.9
3,604
4.9
56,326
131,317
74,640
56.8
71,025
54.1
3,615
4.8
56,677
131,432
74,791
56.9
71,369
54.3
3,423
4.6
56,640
130,067
73,591
56.6
69,971
53.8
3,620
4.9
56,476
130,969
74,115
56.6
70,501
53.8
3,614
4.9
56,855
131,081
74,461
56.8
70,969
54.1
3,492
4.7
56,620
131,198
74,557
56.8
70,940
54.1
3,617
4.9
56,641
131,317
74,823
57.0
71,213
54.2
3,610
4.8
56,493
131,432
74,678
56.8
71,202
54.2
3,475
4.7
56,754

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121,880
71,093
58.3
67,885
55.7
3,209
4.5
50,787
123,066
71,902
58.4
68,709
55.8
3,193
4.4
51,164
123,179
72,061
58.5
68,997
56.0
3,064
4.3
51,117
121,880
70,833
58.1
67,624
55.5
3,209
4.5
51,047
122,728
71,303
58.1
68,107
55.5
3,196
4.5
51,425
122,835
71,572
58.3
68,508
55.8
3,065
4.3
51,262
122,949
71,630
58.3
68,415
55.6
3,215
4.5
51,319
123,066
71,893
58.4
68,723
55.8
3,169
4.4
51,173
123,179
71,811
58.3
68,716
55.8
3,094
4.3
51,368
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16,612
5,403
32.5
4,574
27.5
830
15.4
11,209
16,737
5,714
34.1
4,810
28.7
904
15.8
11,023
16,741
5,656
33.8
4,800
28.7
856
15.1
11,084
16,612
5,603
33.7
4,715
28.4
887
15.8
11,010
16,718
5,789
34.6
4,864
29.1
926
16.0
10,928
16,728
5,881
35.2
4,961
29.7
920
15.6
10,847
16,732
5,995
35.8
5,056
30.2
938
15.7
10,737
16,737
5,995
35.8
5,050
30.2
945
15.8
10,741
16,741
5,898
35.2
4,976
29.7
922
15.6
10,843
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

Employment status, race, sex, and age
WHITE
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See footnotes at end of table.
Oct.
2015
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
June
2016
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
197,271
123,572
62.6
118,474
60.1
5,098
4.1
73,699
198,509
124,689
62.8
119,465
60.2
5,223
4.2
73,820
198,633
124,779
62.8
119,677
60.3
5,102
4.1
73,854
197,271
123,375
62.5
117,978
59.8
5,396
4.4
73,896
198,132
124,551
62.9
119,133
60.1
5,418
4.4
73,581
198,253
124,793
62.9
119,426
60.2
5,367
4.3
73,460
198,380
124,756
62.9
119,281
60.1
5,475
4.4
73,624
198,509
124,873
62.9
119,427
60.2
5,446
4.4
73,636
198,633
124,739
62.8
119,333
60.1
5,406
4.3
73,894
64,711
71.8
62,280
69.1
2,431
3.8
65,326
72.0
62,834
69.3
2,491
3.8
65,359
72.0
62,886
69.3
2,473
3.8
64,563
71.7
61,921
68.7
2,642
4.1
65,112
71.9
62,526
69.1
2,586
4.0
65,232
72.0
62,556
69.1
2,676
4.1
65,226
72.0
62,546
69.0
2,680
4.1
65,310
72.0
62,608
69.0
2,703
4.1
65,292
71.9
62,614
69.0
2,678
4.1
54,631
57.6
52,541
55.4
2,090
3.8
54,883
57.5
52,789
55.3
2,094
3.8
55,014
57.6
52,993
55.5
2,021
3.7
54,431
57.4
52,284
55.1
2,147
3.9
54,869
57.6
52,682
55.3
2,187
4.0
54,948
57.6
52,913
55.5
2,035
3.7
54,863
57.5
52,720
55.3
2,144
3.9
54,888
57.5
52,809
55.3
2,080
3.8
54,859
57.4
52,776
55.3
2,082
3.8
4,230
34.4
3,653
29.7
576
13.6
4,480
36.3
3,842
31.1
638
14.2
4,406
35.7
3,799
30.8
608
13.8
4,381
35.6
3,773
30.7
608
13.9
4,570
37.0
3,925
31.8
645
14.1
4,613
37.4
3,957
32.0
656
14.2
4,666
37.8
4,014
32.5
652
14.0
4,674
37.8
4,010
32.5
663
14.2
4,588
37.2
3,943
31.9
645
14.1
31,518
19,502
61.9
17,734
56.3
1,768
9.1
12,016
31,987
19,789
61.9
18,168
56.8
1,620
8.2
12,199
32,028
19,904
62.1
18,222
56.9
1,682
8.4
12,124
31,518
19,402
61.6
17,623
55.9
1,779
9.2
12,116
31,866
19,532
61.3
17,854
56.0
1,678
8.6
12,334
31,904
19,522
61.2
17,885
56.1
1,637
8.4
12,382
31,945
19,768
61.9
18,165
56.9
1,603
8.1
12,178
31,987
19,825
62.0
18,174
56.8
1,650
8.3
12,163
32,028
19,797
61.8
18,104
56.5
1,693
8.6
12,231
8,809
67.2
8,038
61.4
771
8.8
9,021
67.7
8,306
62.3
716
7.9
9,046
67.8
8,284
62.1
762
8.4
8,770
66.9
7,964
60.8
806
9.2
9,000
67.8
8,262
62.3
738
8.2
8,994
67.7
8,254
62.1
740
8.2
8,947
67.3
8,264
62.1
683
7.6
8,998
67.5
8,259
62.0
739
8.2
9,011
67.5
8,228
61.7
783
8.7
10,018
62.9
9,180
57.6
838
8.4
10,069
62.4
9,361
58.0
708
7.0
10,160
62.8
9,419
58.3
740
7.3
9,956
62.5
9,154
57.5
802
8.1
9,799
60.9
9,088
56.5
711
7.3
9,831
61.0
9,114
56.6
717
7.3
10,026
62.2
9,314
57.8
712
7.1
10,066
62.3
9,362
58.0
704
7.0
10,073
62.3
9,359
57.9
714
7.1
675
27.1
515
20.7
159
23.6
698
27.7
502
20.0
196
28.1
698
27.7
518
20.6
180
25.8
677
27.2
505
20.3
172
25.4
733
29.2
504
20.1
228
31.2
697
27.7
518
20.6
179
25.7
795
31.6
587
23.3
208
26.1
761
30.2
553
22.0
207
27.2
713
28.3
516
20.5
196
27.6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age Continued

Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oct.
2015
14,440
8,867
61.4
8,561
59.3
307
3.5
5,573
Sept.
2016
15,310
9,717
63.5
9,350
61.1
367
3.8
5,593
Oct.
2016
15,344
9,717
63.3
9,393
61.2
324
3.3
5,627
Oct.
2015
14,440
8,955
62.0
8,637
59.8
318
3.5
5,485
June
2016
15,032
9,504
63.2
9,172
61.0
332
3.5
5,529
July
2016
15,211
9,651
63.4
9,281
61.0
369
3.8
5,560
Aug.
2016
15,304
9,702
63.4
9,290
60.7
412
4.2
5,603
Sept.
2016
15,310
9,764
63.8
9,381
61.3
382
3.9
5,547
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.
Oct.
2016
15,344
9,807
63.9
9,470
61.7
337
3.4
5,537
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Oct.
2015
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
June
2016
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
39,916
26,223
65.7
24,643
61.7
1,580
6.0
13,693
40,919
27,019
66.0
25,366
62.0
1,653
6.1
13,901
41,011
26,954
65.7
25,482
62.1
1,472
5.5
14,057
39,916
26,200
65.6
24,535
61.5
1,665
6.4
13,716
40,646
26,675
65.6
25,136
61.8
1,539
5.8
13,971
40,732
26,785
65.8
25,347
62.2
1,438
5.4
13,947
40,825
26,987
66.1
25,468
62.4
1,519
5.6
13,838
40,919
27,064
66.1
25,327
61.9
1,737
6.4
13,856
41,011
26,922
65.6
25,381
61.9
1,541
5.7
14,089
14,494
80.5
13,819
76.8
675
4.7
14,837
80.4
14,109
76.5
728
4.9
14,902
80.6
14,208
76.8
694
4.7
14,464
80.4
13,723
76.2
741
5.1
14,751
80.5
14,095
76.9
656
4.4
14,842
80.8
14,141
77.0
701
4.7
14,897
80.9
14,184
77.1
713
4.8
14,837
80.4
14,035
76.1
803
5.4
14,865
80.4
14,120
76.4
744
5.0
10,654
58.6
9,996
54.9
659
6.2
10,988
58.8
10,278
55.0
710
6.5
10,917
58.3
10,344
55.3
573
5.2
10,643
58.5
9,961
54.7
682
6.4
10,750
58.0
10,067
54.3
683
6.4
10,797
58.1
10,226
55.0
571
5.3
10,957
58.8
10,322
55.4
635
5.8
10,999
58.9
10,292
55.1
707
6.4
10,905
58.3
10,307
55.1
598
5.5
1,074
28.9
828
22.3
246
22.9
1,193
31.4
979
25.8
215
18.0
1,135
29.8
930
24.5
205
18.0
1,093
29.4
851
22.9
242
22.1
1,175
31.1
974
25.8
201
17.1
1,146
30.3
980
25.9
166
14.5
1,133
29.9
963
25.4
170
15.0
1,227
32.3
1,000
26.3
227
18.5
1,153
30.3
954
25.1
198
17.2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
Educational attainment
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2015
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
June
2016
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10,511
44.8
9,795
41.7
715
6.8
10,763
45.4
9,939
41.9
824
7.7
10,450
44.4
9,753
41.5
698
6.7
10,729
45.7
9,946
42.4
784
7.3
10,522
45.2
9,734
41.9
787
7.5
10,638
47.0
9,969
44.0
669
6.3
10,809
46.5
10,035
43.2
774
7.2
10,828
45.7
9,902
41.8
926
8.5
10,678
45.4
9,895
42.1
783
7.3
High school graduates, no college1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35,675
57.6
33,930
54.8
1,744
4.9
35,955
57.8
34,171
54.9
1,784
5.0
36,168
58.3
34,314
55.3
1,854
5.1
35,354
57.1
33,492
54.1
1,861
5.3
35,260
57.2
33,480
54.3
1,780
5.0
35,547
57.1
33,758
54.2
1,789
5.0
35,793
57.1
33,985
54.2
1,808
5.1
35,704
57.4
33,857
54.4
1,847
5.2
35,852
57.8
33,895
54.6
1,958
5.5
Some college or associate degree

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37,467
66.2
35,860
63.3
1,606
4.3
37,820
66.9
36,258
64.1
1,562
4.1
38,196
66.5
36,773
64.1
1,423
3.7
37,464
66.2
35,838
63.3
1,626
4.3
37,804
66.0
36,231
63.2
1,573
4.2
37,791
66.2
36,182
63.4
1,609
4.3
37,571
66.5
35,970
63.7
1,601
4.3
37,900
67.0
36,296
64.2
1,604
4.2
38,158
66.5
36,706
64.0
1,452
3.8
Bachelors degree and higher2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52,784
74.3
51,476
72.5
1,308
2.5
54,279
74.1
52,916
72.3
1,363
2.5
54,179
74.3
52,801
72.4
1,378
2.5
52,697
74.2
51,366
72.3
1,331
2.5
54,102
74.4
52,723
72.5
1,378
2.5
54,100
74.0
52,741
72.1
1,359
2.5
54,068
74.1
52,618
72.1
1,450
2.7
54,341
74.2
52,967
72.3
1,374
2.5
54,101
74.1
52,709
72.2
1,392
2.6
Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

Includes persons with bachelors, masters, professional, and doctoral degrees.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service
Oct.
2015
Men
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
Women
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2016
VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21,120
10,772
51.0
10,349
49.0
422
3.9
10,348
20,808
10,678
51.3
10,218
49.1
460
4.3
10,130
19,119
9,535
49.9
9,180
48.0
355
3.7
9,584
18,789
9,362
49.8
8,976
47.8
387
4.1
9,427
2,001
1,237
61.8
1,169
58.4
67
5.4
764
2,019
1,316
65.2
1,242
61.5
74
5.6
703
Gulf War-era II veterans

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,774
3,068
81.3
2,926
77.5
142
4.6
707
3,932
3,258
82.9
3,105
79.0
153
4.7
674
3,047
2,539
83.3
2,435
79.9
104
4.1
508
3,258
2,730
83.8
2,601
79.8
130
4.7
527
727
529
72.8
491
67.5
38
7.2
198
674
528
78.3
504
74.7
24
4.5
147
Gulf War-era I veterans

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,323
2,672
80.4
2,578
77.6
93
3.5
651
3,381
2,701
79.9
2,603
77.0
98
3.6
680
2,876
2,341
81.4
2,265
78.8
76
3.3
535
2,847
2,290
80.4
2,217
77.9
73
3.2
557
447
331
74.0
314
70.2
17
5.2
116
534
411
77.1
386
72.3
25
6.1
122
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8,783
2,284
26.0
2,208
25.1
76
3.3
6,499
8,373
2,089
25.0
1,998
23.9
91
4.4
6,284
8,471
2,224
26.3
2,156
25.4
69
3.1
6,247
8,073
2,005
24.8
1,921
23.8
84
4.2
6,068
312
60
19.2
53
16.9
7
252
300
85
28.2
77
25.7
8
8.9
215
Veterans of other service periods

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,240
2,748
52.4
2,637
50.3
111
4.0
2,492
5,122
2,629
51.3
2,512
49.0
117
4.5
2,493
4,725
2,431
51.5
2,325
49.2
106
4.4
2,294
4,611
2,337
50.7
2,237
48.5
100
4.3
2,274
515
317
61.5
312
60.6
5
1.4
198
511
292
57.2
275
53.8
17
5.9
219
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
221,487
144,641
65.3
137,774
62.2
6,868
4.7
76,846
224,455
147,077
65.5
140,458
62.6
6,619
4.5
77,379
97,773
73,090
74.8
69,620
71.2
3,470
4.7
24,683
99,594
74,701
75.0
71,247
71.5
3,454
4.6
24,893
123,715
71,552
57.8
68,153
55.1
3,398
4.7
52,163
124,862
72,376
58.0
69,211
55.4
3,165
4.4
52,486
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
Persons with a disability
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2016
Persons with no disability

Oct.
2015
Oct.
2016
TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .
30,026
5,811
19.4
5,199
17.3
613
10.5
24,215
30,227
6,052
20.0
5,454
18.0
598
9.9
24,175
221,515
151,502
68.4
144,518
65.2
6,985
4.6
70,013
224,094
153,730
68.6
146,881
65.5
6,849
4.5
70,363
Men, 16 to 64 years
Employed............................................................................ .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
2,443
31.9
2,163
28.2
280
11.5
5,217
2,662
34.1
2,406
30.8
256
9.6
5,143
76,128
82.0
72,574
78.2
3,554
4.7
16,732
77,065
82.5
73,511
78.7
3,555
4.6
16,362
Women, 16 to 64 years
Employed............................................................................ .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
2,291
28.3
2,010
24.8
282
12.3
5,815
2,265
28.5
1,991
25.1
275
12.1
5,675
67,429
70.3
64,232
67.0
3,197
4.7
28,509
68,387
70.8
65,381
67.7
3,006
4.4
28,222
Both sexes, 65 years and over

Employed............................................................................ .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
1,077
7.6
1,026
7.2
51
4.7
13,182
1,125
7.8
1,057
7.3
68
6.0
13,357
7,945
24.3
7,711
23.6
234
2.9
24,772
8,278
24.3
7,989
23.5
289
3.5
25,779
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctors office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total
Employment status and nativity
Oct.
2015
Men
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
Women
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2016
Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .
40,074
26,267
65.5
25,120
62.7
1,147
4.4
13,807
41,785
27,060
64.8
25,965
62.1
1,096
4.0
14,725
19,463
15,262
78.4
14,688
75.5
574
3.8
4,201
20,153
15,485
76.8
14,913
74.0
572
3.7
4,668
20,610
11,004
53.4
10,431
50.6
573
5.2
9,606
21,632
11,575
53.5
11,051
51.1
524
4.5
10,057
Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .
211,468
131,047
62.0
124,597
58.9
6,450
4.9
80,421
212,536
132,722
62.4
126,370
59.5
6,352
4.8
79,814
102,011
68,310
67.0
64,891
63.6
3,419
5.0
33,701
102,736
69,506
67.7
66,053
64.3
3,453
5.0
33,230
109,457
62,737
57.3
59,706
54.5
3,031
4.8
46,720
109,799
63,216
57.6
60,317
54.9
2,899
4.6
46,583
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2015
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
June
2016
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
2,518
1,683
810
25
147,198
138,477
20,667
117,810
791
117,019
8,660
61
2,526
1,623
879
24
149,451
140,780
20,708
120,073
715
119,358
8,607
64
2,408
1,575
810
23
149,927
141,123
20,746
120,377
757
119,620
8,748
57
2,394
1,568
804
146,864
138,182
20,597
117,509
116,711
8,639
2,516
1,651
840
148,640
139,777
20,186
119,592
118,837
8,772
2,388
1,605
766
149,155
140,468
20,430
119,988
119,250
8,660
2,520
1,617
873
149,118
140,431
20,670
119,736
118,982
8,621
2,441
1,530
886
149,560
140,812
20,798
120,046
119,293
8,574
2,321
1,496
816
149,637
140,856
20,654
120,142
119,390
8,715
5,536
3,179
2,147
20,754
5,550
3,376
1,921
20,782
5,648
3,321
2,085
21,265
5,761
3,289
2,189
20,179
5,843
3,443
2,062
20,505
5,940
3,642
1,981
20,717
6,053
3,727
1,929
20,523
5,894
3,618
1,969
20,688
5,889
3,505
2,118
20,691
5,495
3,161
2,145
20,352
5,468
3,316
1,914
20,419
5,567
3,269
2,079
20,930
5,702
3,264
2,176
19,817
5,745
3,377
2,052
20,101
5,846
3,566
1,965
20,337
5,931
3,641
1,911
20,185
5,790
3,536
1,956
20,333
5,789
3,440
2,100
20,369
Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
Characteristic
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2015
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
June
2016
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
149,716
4,574
1,593
2,981
145,143
14,080
131,062
97,112
32,919
31,521
32,672
33,951
151,977
4,810
1,867
2,943
147,168
13,883
133,285
98,580
34,094
31,736
32,750
34,705
152,335
4,800
1,659
3,141
147,535
13,895
133,640
98,806
34,015
31,758
33,034
34,834
149,197
4,715
1,577
3,130
144,481
14,034
130,518
96,721
32,793
31,360
32,568
33,796
151,097
4,864
1,839
3,032
146,234
14,023
132,251
97,793
33,662
31,543
32,588
34,459
151,517
4,961
1,811
3,149
146,556
13,865
132,756
98,042
33,812
31,627
32,602
34,714
151,614
5,056
1,829
3,225
146,558
14,139
132,464
97,870
33,947
31,404
32,520
34,594
151,968
5,050
1,843
3,189
146,918
14,006
132,869
98,204
33,989
31,557
32,658
34,666
151,925
4,976
1,667
3,283
146,949
13,886
133,133
98,444
33,914
31,601
32,929
34,690
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79,579
2,321
779
1,542
77,258
7,164
70,094
52,064
17,817
17,013
17,234
18,029
80,952
2,494
872
1,622
78,459
7,134
71,324
52,775
18,313
17,076
17,386
18,549
80,966
2,429
743
1,685
78,538
7,105
71,433
52,815
18,273
17,126
17,416
18,618
79,225
2,368
778
1,595
76,857
7,151
69,766
51,836
17,730
16,914
17,192
17,931
80,596
2,469
906
1,571
78,127
7,229
70,899
52,493
18,209
17,084
17,200
18,406
80,548
2,500
869
1,627
78,048
7,120
70,987
52,395
18,197
17,048
17,149
18,592
80,674
2,531
895
1,631
78,143
7,238
70,913
52,401
18,238
16,996
17,167
18,512
80,755
2,560
852
1,710
78,195
7,185
70,968
52,497
18,232
16,968
17,298
18,471
80,722
2,490
752
1,727
78,233
7,123
71,149
52,620
18,208
17,033
17,379
18,529
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70,137
2,253
814
1,438
67,885
6,916
60,969
45,047
15,103
14,508
15,437
15,921
71,025
2,316
995
1,321
68,709
6,749
61,960
45,804
15,780
14,660
15,364
16,156
71,369
2,372
916
1,456
68,997
6,790
62,207
45,991
15,741
14,632
15,618
16,216
69,971
2,347
799
1,535
67,624
6,883
60,752
44,886
15,064
14,445
15,377
15,866
70,501
2,394
934
1,461
68,107
6,794
61,353
45,300
15,453
14,460
15,387
16,053
70,969
2,461
942
1,522
68,508
6,745
61,768
45,646
15,614
14,579
15,453
16,122
70,940
2,525
934
1,594
68,415
6,901
61,551
45,469
15,709
14,408
15,352
16,082
71,213
2,490
991
1,478
68,723
6,820
61,902
45,707
15,757
14,589
15,360
16,195
71,202
2,486
915
1,556
68,716
6,763
61,984
45,824
15,706
14,567
15,550
16,161
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44,992
35,340
9,852
45,872
35,675
9,958
45,445
35,608
10,034
44,858
35,146
45,562
35,171
45,532
35,316
45,478
35,350
45,678
35,493
45,347
35,406
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122,466
27,250
124,728
27,250
124,588
27,747
122,054
27,209
123,586
27,445
123,892
27,595
124,301
27,207
124,296
27,637
124,193
27,727
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7,620
5.1
7,846
5.2
8,050
5.3
7,452
5.0
7,207
4.8
7,361
4.9
7,562
5.0
7,863
5.2
7,776
5.1
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,283
9,469
5,734
9,486
5,704
9,558
9,443
9,612
9,426
9,495
9,461
9,532
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Oct.
2015
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
June
2016
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7,899
887
347
542
7,012
1,453
5,592
4,412
1,852
1,349
1,211
1,209
7,939
945
385
573
6,994
1,242
5,759
4,446
1,855
1,363
1,229
1,279
7,787
922
407
513
6,865
1,278
5,595
4,286
1,839
1,287
1,160
1,333
5.0
15.8
18.0
14.8
4.6
9.4
4.1
4.4
5.3
4.1
3.6
3.5
4.9
16.0
17.0
15.5
4.5
8.7
4.0
4.1
5.1
3.7
3.5
3.5
4.9
15.6
15.3
15.9
4.5
9.0
4.0
4.1
5.0
3.5
3.6
3.7
4.9
15.7
16.7
15.2
4.5
8.1
4.1
4.3
5.2
4.1
3.6
3.5
5.0
15.8
17.3
15.2
4.5
8.1
4.2
4.3
5.2
4.1
3.6
3.6
4.9
15.6
19.6
13.5
4.5
8.4
4.0
4.2
5.1
3.9
3.4
3.7
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,279
476
197
284
3,803
850
2,968
2,334
1,039
669
625
634
4,329
504
197
316
3,825
726
3,106
2,355
1,003
723
629
751
4,312
541
210
335
3,771
775
3,004
2,248
999
665
585
755
5.1
16.7
20.2
15.1
4.7
10.6
4.1
4.3
5.5
3.8
3.5
3.4
4.9
17.1
18.3
16.9
4.5
9.4
3.9
4.0
5.1
3.5
3.3
3.8
5.0
16.5
15.0
17.4
4.6
10.1
4.0
4.1
5.0
3.5
3.7
3.8
5.0
17.5
17.9
17.5
4.5
9.3
4.0
4.1
5.0
3.8
3.5
3.6
5.1
16.5
18.8
15.6
4.7
9.2
4.2
4.3
5.2
4.1
3.5
3.9
5.1
17.9
21.9
16.2
4.6
9.8
4.1
4.1
5.2
3.8
3.3
3.9
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,620
411
150
258
3,209
603
2,624
2,078
813
679
586
560
3,610
441
188
257
3,169
516
2,652
2,091
852
640
599
550
3,475
381
197
178
3,094
502
2,591
2,038
841
622
575
570
4.9
14.9
15.8
14.4
4.5
8.1
4.1
4.4
5.1
4.5
3.7
3.4
4.9
14.8
15.6
14.0
4.5
7.9
4.1
4.3
5.2
4.1
3.7
3.4
4.7
14.8
15.6
14.2
4.3
7.8
3.9
4.0
5.0
3.5
3.4
3.4
4.9
13.7
15.5
12.8
4.5
6.8
4.2
4.6
5.4
4.4
3.8
3.4
4.8
15.0
15.9
14.8
4.4
7.0
4.1
4.4
5.1
4.2
3.8
3.3
4.7
13.3
17.7
10.3
4.3
6.9
4.0
4.3
5.1
4.1
3.6
3.4
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present..................... .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,272
1,075
795
1,345
1,101
680
1,320
1,091
652
2.8
3.0
7.5
2.6
3.2
7.3
2.6
3.0
7.2
2.7
3.0
7.9
2.9
3.0
6.4
2.8
3.0
6.1
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6,604
1,325
6,521
1,434
6,330
1,469
5.1
4.6
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.8
5.0
Not seasonally adjusted.

Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
3
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Reason
Oct.
2015
Sept.
2016
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
June
2016
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .
3,576
645
2,931
2,077
854
801
2,445
775
3,536
694
2,842
1,968
874
991
2,367
764
3,352
673
2,679
1,856
823
975
2,374
746
3,944
936
3,007
2,115
893
790
2,435
812
3,776
1,097
2,679
1,917
763
828
2,268
902
3,739
997
2,743
2,021
722
824
2,298
826
3,791
998
2,792
2,005
787
885
2,271
861
3,967
1,075
2,892
1,986
906
893
2,333
805
3,749
994
2,755
1,907
847
949
2,354
793
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .
47.1
8.5
38.6
10.5
32.2
10.2
46.2
9.1
37.1
12.9
30.9
10.0
45.0
9.0
36.0
13.1
31.9
10.0
49.4
11.7
37.7
9.9
30.5
10.2
48.6
14.1
34.5
10.7
29.2
11.6
48.6
13.0
35.7
10.7
29.9
10.7
48.6
12.8
35.8
11.3
29.1
11.0
49.6
13.4
36.2
11.2
29.2
10.1
47.8
12.7
35.1
12.1
30.0
10.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .
2.3
0.5
1.6
0.5
2.2
0.6
1.5
0.5
2.1
0.6
1.5
0.5
2.5
0.5
1.6
0.5
2.4
0.5
1.4
0.6
2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5
2.4
0.6
1.4
0.5
2.5
0.6
1.5
0.5
2.3
0.6
1.5
0.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Duration
Oct.
2015
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2015
June
2016
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,160
2,136
3,301
1,211
2,090
2,562
2,092
3,004
1,083
1,921
2,218
2,142
3,087
1,157
1,930
2,339
2,295
3,359
1,227
2,132
2,418
2,140
3,108
1,129
1,979
2,160
2,266
3,170
1,150
2,020
2,290
2,329
3,062
1,056
2,006
2,574
2,234
3,131
1,157
1,974
2,397
2,296
3,144
1,165
1,979
Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28.9
11.7
27.2
10.2
27.9
10.5
28.0
11.1
27.7
10.3
28.1
11.6
27.6
11.2
27.5
10.3
27.2
10.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28.4
28.1
43.5
15.9
27.5
33.5
27.3
39.2
14.1
25.1
29.8
28.8
41.5
15.5
25.9
29.3
28.7
42.0
15.4
26.7
31.5
27.9
40.5
14.7
25.8
28.4
29.8
41.7
15.1
26.6
29.8
30.3
39.9
13.8
26.1
32.4
28.1
39.4
14.6
24.9
30.6
29.3
40.1
14.9
25.2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
Employed
Occupation
Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .

Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Unemployment
rates
Unemployed
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2016
149,716
58,456
152,335
59,766
7,597
1,312
7,447
1,506
4.8
2.2
4.7
2.5
24,387
34,070
25,890
33,273
15,330
17,943
24,922
34,844
27,013
33,538
15,757
17,781
552
760
1,800
1,688
858
831
646
860
1,749
1,474
730
744
2.2
2.2
6.5
4.8
5.3
4.4
2.5
2.4
6.1
4.2
4.4
4.0
14,036
1,106
7,773
5,156
13,993
1,037
7,933
5,023
887
137
592
158
873
78
594
202
5.9
11.0
7.1
3.0
5.9
7.0
7.0
3.9
18,061
8,579
9,482
18,025
8,410
9,614
1,112
429
683
1,078
488
590
5.8
4.8
6.7
5.6
5.5
5.8
Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker
Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2016
7,597
5,860
89
534
634
409
225
1,006
269
82
227
873
791
1,080
275
130
506
326
7,447
5,689
46
512
693
432
260
898
251
114
264
924
795
928
263
85
470
456
4.8
4.7
9.4
6.2
4.0
4.1
3.8
5.0
4.1
3.0
2.4
5.4
3.4
8.0
4.2
7.4
2.4
3.3
4.7
4.5
5.8
5.7
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
3.7
4.1
2.7
5.5
3.4
6.7
4.0
5.3
2.2
4.5
Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2015
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
June
2016
July
2016
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016
Oct.
2016
2.1
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.3
4.8
4.8
4.7
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.0
4.9
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.2
6.0
5.9
5.7
6.2
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.9
9.5
9.3
9.2
9.8
9.6
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.5
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total
Category
Oct.
2015
Men
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
Women
Oct.
2016
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2016
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .
94,228
5,703
1,916
665
1,250
94,539
5,613
1,700
487
1,213
37,902
2,604
1,017
375
642
37,898
2,633
880
288
592
56,326
3,099
899
290
609
56,640
2,979
820
199
621
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7,620
5.1
4,084
2,045
196
1,249
8,050
5.3
4,373
2,115
329
1,185
3,741
4.7
2,223
688
137
667
3,878
4.8
2,423
706
155
581
3,879
5.5
1,861
1,358
59
582
4,172
5.8
1,950
1,409
174
604
Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
143,689
121,284
19,845
144,413
123,288
19,974
145,029
122,886
19,884
145,928
123,328
19,861
142,595
120,568
19,581
144,600
122,387
19,601
144,791
122,575
19,615
144,952
122,717
19,615
Change
from:
Sept.2016
Oct.2016p
161
142
0
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
792
53.5
738.9
186.8
197.8
63.4
39.9
690
51.3
638.8
173.9
185.2
53.1
38.5
688
50.7
637.2
171.9
184.3
52.8
38.5
691
50.7
640.0
172.3
184.2
53.7
38.4
786
50.9
735.4
186.7
194.6
63.7
40.0
681
49.1
631.8
172.4
180.4
52.9
38.3
680
49.1
631.0
172.1
181.0
52.9
38.7
678
49.0
628.7
171.9
180.9
53.3
38.8
-2
-0.1
-2.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.4
0.1
94.5
354.3
93.6
279.7
93.0
281.0
92.1
283.5
90.9
354.1
89.1
279.0
89.4
277.9
88.9
275.9
-0.5
-2.0
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .
6,713
1,450.4
713.0
737.4
1,000.0
4,262.4
1,848.9
2,413.5
6,919
1,505.2
749.6
755.6
991.1
4,422.4
1,949.2
2,473.2
6,890
1,499.0
754.7
744.3
995.7
4,394.8
1,939.6
2,455.2
6,888
1,498.0
756.1
741.9
997.9
4,391.7
1,930.1
2,461.6
6,484
1,412.8
691.3
721.5
937.2
4,134.4
1,787.1
2,347.3
6,645
1,460.4
727.9
732.5
927.3
4,257.0
1,872.5
2,384.5
6,668
1,462.7
734.7
728.0
932.6
4,272.6
1,878.9
2,393.7
6,679
1,464.5
737.3
727.2
936.0
4,278.6
1,880.8
2,397.8
11
1.8
2.6
-0.8
3.4
6.0
1.9
4.1
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12,340
12,365
12,306
12,282
12,311
12,275
12,267
12,258
-9
7,748
384.2
404.7
386.5
1,445.5
1,107.7
1,045.9
161.5
86.7
7,705
387.5
407.8
372.7
1,425.1
1,083.0
1,041.3
163.7
84.7
7,670
384.1
407.2
372.5
1,419.4
1,077.7
1,032.8
162.2
83.9
7,662
386.1
408.3
371.4
1,420.3
1,072.8
1,030.8
161.8
83.8
7,745
382.0
399.2
386.6
1,443.9
1,107.8
1,048.1
161.4
86.7
7,669
383.0
399.3
372.8
1,422.2
1,080.0
1,035.5
161.8
84.5
7,662
382.0
401.2
372.2
1,420.9
1,079.0
1,033.5
162.3
84.1
7,657
384.1
402.5
371.4
1,420.6
1,072.8
1,032.5
162.7
83.9
-5
2.1
1.3
-0.8
-0.3
-6.2
-1.0
0.4
-0.2
365.4
397.4
361.9
396.2
357.4
394.4
356.1
393.9
366.5
398.7
359.7
394.6
357.9
394.2
356.6
394.1
-1.3
-0.1
34.9
384.1
1,607.0
919.8
385.3
34.8
382.7
1,612.9
932.4
392.0
34.9
382.8
1,607.1
928.4
387.7
35.2
381.7
1,600.9
925.3
388.7
34.8
383.9
1,611.9
922.0
386.7
34.8
381.3
1,608.5
928.4
387.9
35.0
382.5
1,605.2
926.2
386.8
35.1
382.2
1,602.9
926.1
388.0
0.1
-0.3
-2.3
-0.1
1.2
597.1
599.6
598.7
601.0
594.4
598.4
599.0
600.3
1.3
4,592
1,517.5
115.2
117.9
137.0
372.5
449.0
117.9
808.8
687.9
4,660
1,575.1
112.3
115.3
131.0
372.0
440.4
117.9
822.3
693.5
4,636
1,556.5
111.6
116.6
133.2
369.2
440.1
117.0
818.3
690.8
4,620
1,549.3
111.9
115.1
131.0
367.5
440.0
118.1
818.7
685.1
4,566
1,501.7
115.1
117.1
136.0
373.1
447.9
116.3
809.4
687.3
4,606
1,538.3
112.4
115.1
130.9
370.4
439.9
115.6
820.2
690.4
4,605
1,533.6
112.2
116.7
131.6
369.1
440.5
115.6
820.6
690.4
4,601
1,535.9
112.2
114.3
129.8
368.2
439.3
115.4
821.7
688.2
-4
2.3
0.0
-2.4
-1.8
-0.9
-1.2
-0.2
1.1
-2.2
268.4
280.6
282.6
282.9
261.9
273.1
275.0
276.2
1.2
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
101,439
103,314
103,002
103,467
100,987
102,786
102,960
103,102
142
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27,109
27,356
27,276
27,457
27,011
27,378
27,410
27,423
13
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,896.4
2,940.9
2,049.4
5,952.1
2,963.7
2,073.5
5,941.7
2,952.4
2,076.5
5,953.0
2,949.5
2,088.5
5,887.6
2,937.9
2,044.0
5,927.4
2,948.4
2,066.4
5,939.3
2,951.1
2,075.5
5,945.6
2,948.3
2,083.5
6.3
-2.8
8.0
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Continued
[In thousands]
Industry
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2016p
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Change
from:
Sept.2016
Oct.2016p
Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
906.1
914.9
912.8
915.0
905.7
912.6
912.7
913.8
1.1
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15,759.2
1,960.6
1,261.9
146.5
552.2
473.4
536.3
15,965.5
2,014.8
1,298.1
157.3
559.4
482.4
514.8
15,839.4
2,011.0
1,298.3
153.6
559.1
479.5
518.1
15,994.0
2,011.7
1,301.6
151.0
559.1
487.1
517.8
15,702.4
1,952.0
1,255.9
146.6
549.5
468.0
528.3
15,971.5
1,999.4
1,292.2
150.8
556.4
486.2
524.6
15,993.7
2,004.3
1,295.3
151.3
557.7
484.8
525.5
15,992.6
2,009.5
1,299.4
151.6
558.4
482.0
514.6
-1.1
5.2
4.1
0.3
0.7
-2.8
-10.9
1,222.2
3,077.3
1,031.2
912.3
1,385.0
1,298.0
3,127.5
1,045.1
938.6
1,372.0
1,266.8
3,105.9
1,042.5
936.6
1,340.6
1,265.2
3,113.1
1,052.3
933.9
1,358.8
1,241.7
3,072.3
1,027.9
910.3
1,369.6
1,293.5
3,107.4
1,047.8
923.0
1,372.5
1,289.1
3,109.4
1,048.9
930.9
1,381.4
1,291.1
3,111.4
1,051.3
931.5
1,365.8
2.0
2.0
2.4
0.6
-15.6
621.7
3,153.3
1,314.0
1,839.3
852.0
533.9
615.6
3,172.5
1,294.4
1,878.1
852.1
532.1
612.0
3,155.6
1,280.7
1,874.9
837.2
533.6
622.4
3,224.5
1,315.6
1,908.9
855.0
552.2
616.4
3,165.9
1,326.9
1,838.9
828.1
521.9
627.8
3,209.3
1,320.0
1,889.3
841.5
538.5
625.8
3,217.5
1,322.9
1,894.7
838.4
537.7
627.0
3,227.3
1,325.7
1,901.6
841.9
539.2
1.2
9.8
2.8
6.9
3.5
1.5
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,892.9
461.8
236.4
63.0
1,473.9
4,871.4
475.9
217.4
65.0
1,480.4
4,930.7
472.8
217.0
62.6
1,478.2
4,945.9
475.3
217.0
60.5
1,480.3
4,860.5
462.2
236.5
62.6
1,456.0
4,915.0
472.7
216.8
62.5
1,459.1
4,911.9
473.1
216.3
61.7
1,460.9
4,919.4
475.6
216.7
60.6
1,463.9
7.5
2.5
0.4
-1.1
3.0
492.5
50.0
32.3
654.7
589.0
839.3
421.5
48.0
41.0
654.2
600.8
867.2
476.6
47.7
36.3
655.7
609.9
873.9
481.6
47.7
31.7
658.1
610.2
883.5
474.8
50.0
32.1
650.3
605.7
830.3
479.4
48.0
30.7
652.3
627.6
865.9
465.8
47.9
30.4
654.6
630.6
870.6
465.0
47.7
30.5
653.4
632.1
873.9
-0.8
-0.2
0.1
-1.2
1.5
3.3
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
560.5
567.4
564.2
564.4
560.6
564.5
564.7
565.6
0.9
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,770
725.7
2,788
732.1
2,764
727.2
2,778
726.8
2,771
724.6
2,776
728.8
2,777
726.8
2,781
725.2
4
-1.6
405.9
279.2
814.0
427.7
276.6
788.4
413.4
276.4
783.7
429.8
277.1
779.7
410.2
278.5
813.1
419.6
277.5
788.0
424.8
276.7
785.3
433.4
276.7
780.8
8.6
0.0
-4.5
298.4
246.4
299.9
263.4
299.9
263.0
300.4
264.3
298.8
245.4
300.0
261.7
300.3
263.2
300.5
264.4
0.2
1.2
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8,170
6,068.5
17.9
8,380
6,190.3
18.0
8,328
6,166.7
17.8
8,344
6,184.8
17.9
8,164
6,067.6
17.8
8,318
6,173.4
17.9
8,322
6,174.8
17.8
8,336
6,183.6
17.8
14
8.8
0.0
2,567.6
1,670.9
1,260.4
601.2
295.5
2,619.7
1,697.1
1,272.0
609.3
313.3
2,608.8
1,687.5
1,265.6
611.0
310.3
2,613.9
1,686.9
1,263.2
614.9
312.1
2,569.4
1,673.8
1,263.8
599.0
296.7
2,610.2
1,690.0
1,267.9
608.1
312.2
2,612.8
1,691.2
1,268.0
610.9
310.6
2,616.1
1,690.7
1,266.1
613.7
311.7
3.3
-0.5
-1.9
2.8
1.1
917.1
2,565.9
2,101.1
1,533.5
543.7
939.8
2,612.8
2,190.1
1,594.7
571.8
931.2
2,608.9
2,161.5
1,580.2
558.1
930.8
2,622.2
2,158.8
1,584.0
551.3
916.6
2,563.8
2,095.9
1,529.4
542.6
933.9
2,611.4
2,144.1
1,569.0
551.7
930.5
2,613.7
2,147.5
1,574.2
550.0
928.3
2,621.4
2,151.9
1,578.4
550.1
-2.2
7.7
4.4
4.2
0.1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Continued
[In thousands]
Industry
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2016p
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Change
from:
Sept.2016
Oct.2016p
Real estate and rental and leasing Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .
23.9
23.6
23.2
23.5
23.9
23.4
23.3
23.4
0.1
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20,050
8,694.5
1,125.4
938.7
1,431.6
137.7
20,422
8,936.2
1,128.0
960.5
1,460.8
145.8
20,447
8,899.0
1,121.8
959.6
1,447.8
143.4
20,594
8,977.3
1,127.5
975.4
1,454.5
146.2
19,873
8,714.1
1,123.8
998.3
1,423.0
136.1
20,294
8,956.6
1,125.1
1,026.2
1,443.3
145.3
20,372
8,986.6
1,125.4
1,033.1
1,444.9
144.9
20,415
9,003.5
1,125.3
1,036.6
1,447.9
145.0
43
16.9
-0.1
3.5
3.0
0.1
1,952.5
2,020.2
2,008.6
2,032.5
1,945.7
2,009.1
2,016.0
2,024.3
8.3
1,294.5
1,352.9
1,361.4
1,379.2
1,282.8
1,349.7
1,364.9
1,369.6
4.7
659.2
491.2
663.7
2,234.5
9,121.3
8,719.1
475.7
145.2
3,696.4
3,018.1
912.4
681.6
499.4
687.0
2,285.5
9,199.8
8,782.6
497.3
143.0
3,620.2
2,942.2
911.3
671.8
496.9
687.7
2,278.0
9,269.9
8,857.0
497.2
144.4
3,713.5
3,025.1
920.3
673.9
498.0
690.1
2,278.8
9,338.2
8,924.6
500.1
144.7
3,763.9
3,071.4
935.1
661.4
488.3
654.9
2,235.1
8,924.2
8,524.0
473.6
144.7
3,579.8
2,918.5
900.2
676.7
497.6
683.7
2,274.8
9,062.3
8,652.5
495.8
143.5
3,592.3
2,920.1
921.4
675.1
497.4
684.8
2,277.0
9,108.3
8,698.5
497.3
144.3
3,626.9
2,951.1
925.4
675.7
496.0
683.0
2,281.1
9,130.3
8,718.2
499.2
144.1
3,635.0
2,957.5
922.8
0.6
-1.4
-1.8
4.1
22.0
19.7
1.9
-0.2
8.1
6.4
-2.6
203.4
885.4
2,081.8
318.8
207.7
902.6
2,176.3
324.2
205.1
904.5
2,141.6
330.4
204.6
909.7
2,131.0
335.5
203.4
872.9
2,035.1
314.2
205.4
900.0
2,069.1
325.0
204.8
897.2
2,074.8
327.8
205.0
900.4
2,082.0
329.6
0.2
3.2
7.2
1.8
402.2
417.2
412.9
413.6
400.2
409.8
409.8
412.1
2.3
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22,470
3,642.2
18,827.9
15,261.9
6,973.3
2,566.7
918.1
822.6
754.4
259.7
1,356.0
22,424
3,217.5
19,206.3
15,608.7
7,167.1
2,619.3
943.2
871.6
785.7
258.9
1,393.5
22,731
3,518.6
19,211.9
15,604.4
7,172.1
2,622.3
940.8
866.2
789.7
258.0
1,400.6
23,060
3,740.3
19,319.9
15,675.5
7,227.7
2,639.7
949.2
877.9
795.6
260.5
1,409.4
22,270
3,482.6
18,786.9
15,232.6
6,951.7
2,560.1
915.7
821.6
753.8
261.1
1,346.8
22,770
3,543.6
19,226.8
15,588.1
7,160.6
2,618.1
940.2
868.4
785.7
259.2
1,395.6
22,809
3,560.0
19,248.6
15,617.4
7,184.1
2,626.1
944.1
870.2
790.6
259.5
1,400.2
22,861
3,573.5
19,287.7
15,647.9
7,202.6
2,629.6
946.6
874.5
794.8
260.4
1,404.2
52
13.5
39.1
30.5
18.5
3.5
2.5
4.3
4.2
0.9
4.0
295.8
4,979.8
3,308.8
1,658.8
607.8
294.9
5,101.5
3,340.1
1,661.8
614.6
294.5
5,107.8
3,324.5
1,657.2
612.7
295.4
5,121.3
3,326.5
1,656.1
613.5
292.5
4,973.0
3,307.9
1,657.1
607.6
293.4
5,098.7
3,328.8
1,657.2
612.8
293.5
5,104.5
3,328.8
1,657.3
613.2
292.5
5,117.2
3,328.1
1,655.0
614.2
-1.0
12.7
-0.7
-2.3
1.0
880.8
161.4
3,566.0
2,177.3
155.5
334.3
898.9
899.4
164.3
3,597.6
2,232.7
159.6
336.4
868.9
890.8
163.8
3,607.5
2,223.6
158.4
332.2
893.3
892.5
164.4
3,644.4
2,241.0
158.4
333.4
911.6
881.9
161.3
3,554.3
2,180.4
156.1
334.3
883.5
895.7
163.1
3,638.7
2,234.5
159.8
333.7
910.7
894.2
164.1
3,631.2
2,237.8
159.0
334.3
900.1
894.5
164.4
3,639.8
2,244.9
159.0
335.6
900.4
0.3
0.3
8.6
7.1
0.0
1.3
0.3
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
15,233
2,150.4
471.9
16,209
2,533.0
514.0
15,756
2,299.7
494.1
15,516
2,186.3
469.4
15,261
2,185.0
465.1
15,548
2,248.3
482.9
15,555
2,226.9
467.4
15,565
2,230.8
464.6
10
3.9
-2.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Continued
[In thousands]
Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Change
from:
Sept.2016
Oct.2016p
Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .
154.3
1,524.2
13,082.1
1,909.1
11,173.0
171.7
1,847.3
13,675.5
2,068.1
11,607.4
159.6
1,646.0
13,456.0
1,971.8
11,484.2
158.3
1,558.6
13,330.0
1,914.7
11,415.3
154.1
1,565.8
13,076.1
1,920.0
11,156.1
159.5
1,605.9
13,300.1
1,929.0
11,371.1
158.3
1,601.2
13,327.9
1,930.5
11,397.4
158.1
1,608.1
13,334.2
1,926.9
11,407.3
-0.2
6.9
6.3
-3.6
9.9
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .
5,637
1,287.2
1,411.5
2,938.4
5,735
1,286.2
1,443.5
3,005.7
5,700
1,283.8
1,446.2
2,970.1
5,718
1,290.9
1,446.4
2,980.7
5,637
1,282.7
1,411.9
2,941.9
5,702
1,283.7
1,439.5
2,978.6
5,715
1,285.2
1,445.8
2,983.9
5,721
1,289.9
1,446.8
2,983.9
6
4.7
1.0
0.0
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
22,405
2,750.0
2,156.9
593.0
5,280.0
2,609.9
2,670.4
14,375.0
8,071.5
6,303.9
21,125
2,805.0
2,195.6
609.0
4,813.0
2,126.6
2,686.0
13,507.0
6,907.5
6,599.7
22,143
2,805.0
2,194.0
611.1
5,157.0
2,485.4
2,671.7
14,181.0
7,767.0
6,414.1
22,600
2,801.0
2,191.7
609.7
5,288.0
2,620.7
2,667.3
14,511.0
8,124.9
6,386.3
22,027
2,752.0
2,157.5
594.3
5,114.0
2,435.7
2,678.0
14,161.0
7,821.4
6,339.7
22,213
2,797.0
2,184.9
612.2
5,116.0
2,440.8
2,674.8
14,300.0
7,889.1
6,410.9
22,216
2,803.0
2,188.3
614.2
5,120.0
2,447.9
2,672.4
14,293.0
7,877.9
6,414.6
22,235
2,815.0
2,199.4
615.1
5,123.0
2,449.6
2,673.2
14,297.0
7,874.9
6,421.9
19
12.0
11.1
0.9
3.0
1.7
0.8
4.0
-3.0
7.3
Industry
Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued
Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .
34.5
40.4
44.1
39.5
40.7
41.0
40.2
33.4
34.6
38.9
31.4
38.9
42.6
36.0
37.6
36.2
32.8
26.3
31.9
34.3
40.1
43.0
38.8
40.6
41.1
39.8
33.2
34.2
38.9
30.8
38.6
42.3
35.9
37.5
36.0
32.9
26.0
31.9
34.4
40.3
43.5
39.2
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.3
34.3
39.0
30.8
38.8
42.5
35.9
37.5
36.1
32.9
26.1
31.9
34.4
40.4
44.3
39.2
40.8
41.2
40.0
33.3
34.2
39.0
30.8
38.6
43.1
35.9
37.4
36.2
32.9
26.1
32.0
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.2
Industry
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$25.21
26.38
31.39
27.51
25.46
26.75
23.22
24.94
22.03
28.91
17.70
23.03
37.53
35.47
31.70
30.30
25.44
14.45
22.63
$25.74
27.00
31.75
28.24
26.08
27.39
23.84
25.45
22.44
29.64
17.91
23.42
38.35
36.77
32.49
30.90
25.73
14.98
22.97
$25.82
27.11
32.05
28.31
26.19
27.44
24.04
25.52
22.46
29.69
17.89
23.49
38.33
36.88
32.60
30.97
25.83
15.05
23.01
$25.92
27.22
32.56
28.39
26.29
27.52
24.17
25.61
22.55
29.75
17.95
23.55
39.10
37.32
32.61
31.07
25.89
15.12
23.19
$869.75
1,065.75
1,384.30
1,086.65
1,036.22
1,096.75
933.44
833.00
762.24
1,124.60
555.78
895.87
1,598.78
1,276.92
1,191.92
1,096.86
834.43
380.04
721.90
$882.88
1,082.70
1,365.25
1,095.71
1,058.85
1,125.73
948.83
844.94
767.45
1,153.00
551.63
904.01
1,622.21
1,320.04
1,218.38
1,112.40
846.52
389.48
732.74
$888.21
1,092.53
1,394.18
1,109.75
1,065.93
1,130.53
959.20
849.82
770.38
1,157.91
551.01
911.41
1,629.03
1,323.99
1,222.50
1,118.02
849.81
392.81
734.02
$891.65
1,099.69
1,442.41
1,112.89
1,072.63
1,133.82
966.80
852.81
771.21
1,160.25
552.86
909.03
1,685.21
1,339.79
1,219.61
1,124.73
851.78
394.63
742.08
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2
Industry
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2016 Oct.
2016p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
104.4
90.1
108.9
88.3
90.1
89.4
91.6
108.5
101.6
99.9
100.2
108.2
103.3
91.1
100.5
113.1
119.3
114.5
103.7
105.4
89.5
92.0
88.9
89.7
88.7
91.5
109.8
101.8
100.6
99.9
108.6
103.3
91.0
102.2
114.9
122.3
115.3
104.9
105.8
90.1
92.9
90.1
89.8
88.9
91.7
110.3
102.3
101.1
100.1
109.1
103.8
91.0
102.2
115.7
122.5
115.8
105.1
106.0
90.3
94.4
90.3
90.0
88.8
91.8
110.5
102.0
101.2
100.1
108.7
105.5
91.2
102.1
116.2
122.8
115.9
105.6
0.2
0.2
1.6
0.2
0.2
-0.1
0.1
0.2
-0.3
0.1
0.0
-0.4
1.6
0.2
-0.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.5
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2016 Oct.
2016p
125.8
107.5
137.3
105.5
106.7
106.2
107.9
131.5
120.5
120.6
117.2
126.5
128.1
115.1
124.3
138.9
145.9
133.5
128.6
129.6
109.3
117.3
109.1
108.7
107.9
110.7
135.8
123.0
124.4
118.3
129.1
130.9
119.2
129.5
143.8
151.3
139.4
132.0
130.6
110.4
119.6
110.8
109.4
108.3
111.8
136.8
123.6
125.2
118.3
130.0
131.5
119.6
130.0
145.1
152.2
140.7
132.6
131.3
111.1
123.4
111.3
110.0
108.6
112.6
137.5
123.8
125.6
118.7
129.9
136.3
121.2
129.9
146.3
152.9
141.4
134.2
0.5
0.6
3.2
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.3
-0.1
3.7
1.3
-0.1
0.8
0.5
0.5
1.2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)
Percent of all employees
Industry
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .
70,404
57,797
4,275
110
811
3,354
1,801
1,553
53,522
10,939
1,729.9
7,923.1
1,151.8
134.2
1,107
4,659
8,860
17,138
7,881
2,938
12,607
71,835
59,043
4,299
99
832
3,368
1,800
1,568
54,744
11,155
1,748.3
8,074.8
1,199.5
131.9
1,111
4,733
9,111
17,566
8,080
2,988
12,792
71,892
59,137
4,301
100
835
3,366
1,800
1,566
54,836
11,163
1,756.9
8,076.2
1,198.5
131.2
1,115
4,739
9,159
17,576
8,082
3,002
12,755
71,966
59,210
4,304
100
841
3,363
1,798
1,565
54,906
11,159
1,760.1
8,068.0
1,198.8
131.7
1,119
4,741
9,167
17,622
8,095
3,003
12,756
49.4
47.9
21.8
14.0
12.5
27.2
23.3
34.0
53.0
40.5
29.4
50.5
23.7
23.9
39.9
57.1
44.6
77.0
51.6
52.1
57.2
49.7
48.2
21.9
14.5
12.5
27.4
23.5
34.0
53.3
40.7
29.5
50.6
24.4
23.4
40.0
56.9
44.9
77.1
52.0
52.4
57.6
49.7
48.2
21.9
14.7
12.5
27.4
23.5
34.0
53.3
40.7
29.6
50.5
24.4
23.2
40.2
56.9
45.0
77.1
52.0
52.5
57.4
49.6
48.2
21.9
14.7
12.6
27.4
23.5
34.0
53.3
40.7
29.6
50.4
24.4
23.3
40.2
56.9
44.9
77.1
52.0
52.5
57.4
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Other services....................................................................... .
99,387
14,124
571
4,891
8,662
5,338
3,324
85,263
22,714
4,721.9
13,332.3
4,210.7
448.7
2,249
6,319
16,299
19,551
13,444
4,687
100,779
14,088
476
5,013
8,599
5,261
3,338
86,691
22,985
4,743.7
13,546.7
4,241.1
453.6
2,236
6,455
16,590
19,993
13,702
4,730
100,931
14,098
474
5,032
8,592
5,255
3,337
86,833
23,010
4,753.3
13,562.8
4,239.8
454.2
2,234
6,459
16,670
20,021
13,693
4,746
101,037
14,092
473
5,039
8,580
5,252
3,328
86,945
23,022
4,758.2
13,563.4
4,244.6
455.4
2,242
6,473
16,707
20,070
13,690
4,741
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .
33.7
41.5
45.4
40.5
41.7
41.9
41.4
32.4
33.6
38.5
30.0
38.8
42.1
35.5
37.2
35.5
32.1
25.0
30.7
33.6
41.1
45.1
39.4
41.8
42.3
41.0
32.3
33.4
38.6
29.7
38.6
42.5
35.6
36.9
35.4
32.2
24.8
30.8
33.6
41.2
45.7
39.7
41.7
42.2
41.0
32.4
33.4
38.7
29.6
38.8
42.7
35.7
36.9
35.4
32.2
24.9
30.8
33.6
41.2
45.8
39.6
41.9
42.3
41.2
32.4
33.5
38.9
29.7
38.6
43.3
35.6
36.9
35.5
32.2
24.9
30.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.1
Industry
payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$21.21
22.15
26.65
25.39
20.06
21.08
18.39
21.01
18.82
23.80
15.01
20.80
34.53
29.10
25.51
25.01
22.27
12.50
19.14
$21.62
22.70
27.03
26.14
20.56
21.57
18.92
21.40
18.99
24.23
14.99
20.99
35.53
30.26
26.30
25.52
22.55
12.93
19.28
$21.68
22.75
27.03
26.21
20.57
21.57
18.95
21.46
19.07
24.36
15.02
21.10
35.48
30.37
26.34
25.59
22.58
12.98
19.30
$21.72
22.79
27.04
26.24
20.62
21.58
19.05
21.50
19.08
24.37
15.01
21.10
35.96
30.45
26.39
25.63
22.63
13.00
19.40
$714.78
919.23
1,209.91
1,028.30
836.50
883.25
761.35
680.72
632.35
916.30
450.30
807.04
1,453.71
1,033.05
948.97
887.86
714.87
312.50
587.60
$726.43
932.97
1,219.05
1,029.92
859.41
912.41
775.72
691.22
634.27
935.28
445.20
810.21
1,510.03
1,077.26
970.47
903.41
726.11
320.66
593.82
$728.45
937.30
1,235.27
1,040.54
857.77
910.25
776.95
695.30
636.94
942.73
444.59
818.68
1,515.00
1,084.21
971.95
905.89
727.08
323.20
594.44
$729.79
938.95
1,238.43
1,039.10
863.98
912.83
784.86
696.60
639.18
947.99
445.80
814.46
1,557.07
1,084.02
973.79
909.87
728.69
323.70
597.52
payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3
Industry
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2016 Oct.
2016p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111.6
89.6
137.8
99.2
82.9
84.0
81.1
117.6
106.4
107.1
101.2
123.0
96.6
91.1
110.7
129.7
133.8
123.1
100.9
112.8
88.5
114.1
98.9
82.5
83.6
80.6
119.3
107.0
107.8
101.8
123.2
98.6
90.9
112.1
131.6
137.2
124.5
102.2
113.0
88.8
115.1
100.0
82.2
83.3
80.6
119.8
107.1
108.3
101.6
123.8
99.2
91.0
112.2
132.3
137.4
124.9
102.5
113.1
88.7
115.1
99.9
82.5
83.5
80.8
120.0
107.5
109.0
102.0
123.3
100.8
91.1
112.4
132.9
137.8
124.9
102.4
0.1
-0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.4
-0.4
1.6
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.0
-0.1
Oct.
2015
Aug.
2016
Sept.
2016p
Oct.
2016p
Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2016 Oct.
2016p
158.2
121.5
213.5
136.0
108.8
110.6
105.4
169.5
142.8
150.1
130.2
162.3
139.2
131.3
173.7
193.0
196.7
174.8
140.7
163.0
123.0
179.3
139.6
110.9
112.6
107.8
175.0
145.0
153.9
130.8
164.1
146.2
136.1
181.4
199.9
204.3
182.8
143.5
163.7
123.6
181.0
141.6
110.6
112.2
108.0
176.3
145.7
155.5
130.8
165.7
146.9
136.9
181.8
201.4
204.8
184.1
144.2
164.2
123.8
181.0
141.6
111.3
112.5
108.8
176.9
146.3
156.5
131.2
165.1
151.4
137.3
182.6
202.7
205.8
184.3
144.8
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.3
-0.4
3.1
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.1
0.4
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary

October Jobs Report

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 4, 2016

(202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OCTOBER 2016

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

Household Survey Data

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reason for unemployment

Employed persons at work part time

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(3-month average change, in thousands)

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent

The household survey includes agricultural

The household survey includes people on unpaid

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years

The household survey has no duplication of

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from

Not seasonally adjusted

Men, 16 years and over

Men, 20 years and over

Women, 16 years and over

Women, 20 years and over

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Not seasonally adjusted

See footnotes at end of table.

Not seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Less than a high school diploma

High school graduates, no college1

Some college or associate degree

Bachelors degree and higher2

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Gulf War-era II veterans

Gulf War-era I veterans

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Veterans of other service periods

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Persons with no disability

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Native born, 16 years and over

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

AGE AND SEX

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

AGE AND SEX

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Not seasonally adjusted.

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .