ANBUSSA CITY BUS SERVICE

ENTERPRISE
HISTORY
The Anbessa City Bus service enterprise started as Share
Company founded in 1945 and owned by Emperor Haile Selasie
and member of the royal family, before it was nationalized in
1974. It comes to public enterprise only after it was reestablished
in 1994.
Anbesa has recently begun to acquire buses assembled locally by
the metal and engineering corporation, a newly established
military industrial complex of Ethiopian government. It has
included in its fleet 180 of this local assembled buses known as
bishoftu buses, bearing the towns name where the assembled
plant is located. Eight of these buses are in jimma although
Anbessa only operates in Addis Ababa and special zones of
Oromia regional state.
Currently, there are 540 city buses under the enterprise, nearly
half of which are out of service due to technical failures. The enter
[price operates 93 routes in and around Addis Ababa. Each bus
has a capacity for 100 passengers (30 seated and 70 standings).
These buses cover a collective distance of 54,000KM daily and
provide their service to 1.5million people as indicated in
2006/2007 to 2010/2011 five year strategic document s of the
administration.

THE MAIN SERVICE OF ANBESSA CITY BUS SERVICE

INTERPRISE.
1, Transport service
2, Maintenance

3, Transit advertising
4, Annual vehicle checking

Maintenance Service
The enterprises central workshop is equipped with machines,
trained and experienced staffs. The maintenance is besis:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Preventive maintenance
Corrective maintenance
Automotive part production
External technical services
Technical training & certification

How we get into the company

We have done our internship in Anbessa city bus assembly that
found in Bole Sub City after the middle of 4thyear, 1st semester
the university industry linkage (UIL) told us to find the hosting
company for the 4th year, 1st semester, we get the opportunity to
visit the 1stCompany, and then we decide to work our internship
there. Then by taking our letters from the university which
describes about internship, its benefits for the company, for the
university and for the students, we submit to the factory manager
of the company. Then we introduced ourselves and describe about
the internship for him. After that he told us, where we work and
what we work. Then we start our practical work step by step. By
executing our money and our time we try follow up with company
workers, that is used us. Then we are divided into different group
(4-group) and start our work indifferent shop. In our performance
work we see many good things that we are not guessing before
enter the company. Before we get the company, we think as we
learn only about the topics of our internship, but we learn
(develop) with sociability, language, communication, how to
challenge problem, and how to use the time by save.

THE SECTION OF THE COMPANY WE HAVE

WORKING
1, Power Train Shop
2, Engine Shop
3, Injection pump Shop
4, Electric Shop
CAR BATTERY
BASIC: what is use of battery; how it is made; what is
battery acid; does sulfuric acid add to water or water to acid?
An automotive battery is rechargeable battery that supply
electric energy to an automobile for starting, lighting, and its
main purpose is to start the engine.
In a car batteries shop two basic works will done, these are
preparing and charging battery. To prepare car battery the
following are required
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Distilled water
Battery acid (Sulfuric acid)
Hydrometer
Mixer (plastic tanker)
Battery house
Charger
Acid-proof gloves and gown

Note: battery acid could refer to any acid used in a chemical cell
or battery but usually this term supplied to describe the acid used
in sulfuric acid battery.
Procurers
Put 65% distilled water into mixer

 Slowly mix 35% sulfuric acid into distilled water, this is most
dangerous part. All pouring must be done. if you arent going
to do this right, then dont do it at all.
Let the solution to cool (acid water) for about 24 hours
since during formation of solution the solution get hot.
Using hydrometer measure the degree of solution. The
hydrometer has three reading level, due to their mass it is
possible to detect weather a sulfuric acid or dilute water is
excess if the acid is excess more water will add, and if water
is excess acid will add.
Pour the solution in to battery house up to its level and by
referring the manual charge the battery.
When we mix concentrated sulfuric acid and water, we pour the
acid in to a larger
Volume of water. Mixing the chemicals, the other way can present
a lab safety hazard. If you add water in to concentrated sulfuric
acid, it can boil and split and may get a nasty acid burn. if you
spill some acid on your skin, you have to wash it with copious
amount of running could water as soon as possible.
NOTE: water is less dense than sulfuric acid, so if you pour water
on acid, the reaction occurs on the top of the liquid. If you add the
acid to the water, it sink and reaction take place through the
water.

AUTOMOTIVE CLUTCHES
INTRODUCTION
An automotive clutch is used to connect/engage and
disconnect/disengage the engine and manual (hand-shifted)
transmission or transaxle, both starting up and during gear
shifting. A friction type of clutch is used in motor vehicles with
manually operated transmission or transaxle.

A manual clutch works on the principle of friction. Its function

depends upon sufficient friction being developed between the
contact surfaces of two or more members to transmit the desired
torque.
Clutch capacity (The ability of a friction clutch to transmit
torque) depends on the following factors:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Effective radius of the friction surface

Coefficient of friction acting between the friction surfaces
No of friction surface
Clamping force holding the friction surfaces

Clutch requirements:
It must engage the engine and transmission/transaxle
smoothly,
Once it engages, it must transmit power entirely without
slipping,
It must disengage the transmission/transaxle accurately
and quickly to
Permit gear change when a vehicle is in motion.
NOTE: clutch is made form
NEAD OF CLUTCH:
Clutch is needed because the engine spins all the time
but the cars
wheel does not.
In order for a car to stop without stopping the engine,
the wheel need disconnected from the somehow.
In order to change gear easily.

COMPONENT CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

An engine clutch consists primarily of four parts:
1. Fly wheel
2. Friction/clutch disc

3. Pressure plate assembly and

4. Release/control mechanism

1. Clutch Housing
The clutch housing is a stamped or cast metal part, which houses
the clutch and connects the transmission housing to the back of
the engine.
2. The Flywheel
The flywheel is a fairly large wheel that is connected to the
crankshaft. The clutch assembly is mounted to the flywheel,
sandwiching the clutch disk in between. It also provides a friction
surface to the clutch. A bearing, called the "pilot bearing" is
installed in a hole in the center of the flywheel. This lubricated
bearing, either a ball bearing ng or a bronze bushing, is used to
support one end of the clutch shaft, which is also the transmission
input shaft.

 It is made from cast iron plate grounded to a smooth

finish.
Fitted at the rear end of crank shaft, helps transmit
engine power through the clutch plate to the gear
box.
It falls due to wear or break of gear caused by
unproper driving
Flywheel removal
The easiest way to remove the flywheel attaching bolts is with an
impact wrench. If you do not have an impact wrench to remove
the flywheel, it must be kept from rotating so the attaching bolts
can be loosened. While the bolts are being removed, the flywheel
can be held in place using a flywheel turner or locked in place
with a fly-wheel holder; alternatively, a block of wood can be
placed between the flywheel and a stationary part of the engine.
Warning: Always wear eye protection when using an impact
wrench.
A flywheel is very heavy. It can cause injury or severe damage if
dropped. Do not remove the bolts completely until you have the
flywheel secured so that it cannot fall. Once the flywheel is
securely held, the bolts can be loosened and the flywheel can be
removed. Sometimes there is a flat metal spacer between the
flywheel and the crankshaft flange. The spacer should be saved
for reassembly. After removing the flywheel, check the rear main
bearing seal for leaks. If the seal is leaking, oil could reach the
new clutch disc and ruin it, just as it may have ruined the old disc.
A leaking seal must be replaced.
Flywheel repair
Some flywheels may be damaged beyond repair. Others may be
repaired and then reinstalled. Some of these may be fixed by
replacing the ring gear or by resurfacing. Flywheels with damaged

ring gears are usually replaced. Some ring gears can be removed
from the fly-wheel and replaced
Flywheel

Use chisel to
split and remove
ring gear
A

Torch

Heat new ring

gear to expand and
ease installation

The Figure above is most manual transmission flywheels have a

removable ring gear. AA chisel is being used to remove the ring
gear from a flywheel. Be careful not to damage the flywheel. B
You should heat the replacement ring gear with a torch or in an
oven. Be careful not to overheat the ring gear, or the metal will
lose its strength. CPlace the new ring gear over the flywheel

and ensure that it properly seated. Always wear gloves or use

tongs to prevent burning your hands when handling the hot ring
gear.
3. Friction/Clutch disc
The clutch disc friction material also called disc
lining or facing. It has an internal spanned hub through with the
clutch shaft fit. Located between flywheel and pressure plate.
The main function is to transmit power from engine to gearbox.

Clutch Disc Service

In most cases, the clutch disc is replaced when any kind of
clutch teardown is done, since it is relatively inexpensive. If the
disc was recently replaced or appears to be in excellent
condition, it can be reused. Before deciding to reuse the disc, it
should be carefully checked.
Warning: Asbestos dust is harmful. Avoid breathing any dust
from the clutch disc, as it can contain large amounts of cancercausing asbestos. Even new clutch discs often contain some
asbestos.
If you intend to reuse the clutch disc, do not wash it in
any kind of cleaning solvent. Solvent will ruin the clutch disc
friction facings. Inspect the clutch disc for thin or cracked friction
material. The disc thickness can be checked with a sliding
caliper, as shown in Figure 7-28. Usually, however, other
indications will be obvious and this step will be unnecessary.
Check the disc fo loose rivets, oil-soaked friction facings, or
broken cushion springs. Make sure the
hub flange splines are not worn and they slide freely on the
splines of the transmission input shaft. If the clutch disc shows
any wear or damage, it should be replaced.
If a replacement disc is to be used, it must be carefully
compared to the old one before it is installed. Many clutch

problems are caused by installing the wrong replacement disc. It

is especially important to check the hub flange size
against the old disc. A hub flange that is too large will contact the
flywheel and pressure plate, causing clutch disc damage and
gear clash. As a final check, slip the replacement disc over the
transmission input shaft to make sure it has the correct splines.