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2. COHESION refers to how the supporting sentences in a paragraph connect to each other in their support of the topic sentence. Cohesion is obtained
through the use of cohesive devices: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, transitions, prepositions, the definite article, personal
pronouns, demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.
Pronouns:
Anaphoric reference - > a word in a text refers back to other ideas in the text for its meaning.
Cataphoric reference -> a word refers to ideas later in the text.
Coordinating conjunctions.
Commas with coordinating conjunctions:
1. Connecting independent clauses:
April Fools Day was my favourite holiday as a child, and it is still fun for me as an adult.
Annie got up late and forgot to call her mother on Mothers Day.
*Do not begin sentences with coordinating conjunctions.
Subordinating conjunctions: after, as, before, until, when, while; because, since; although, even though; whereas, while; if.
John has always loved to read. He studied literature in college. -> Because/Since John has always liked to read, he studied literature in college.
(notice the use of the comma!)
When an adverbial clause beginning with while or whereas comes after an independent clause, you should use the comma. Joe is tall, while his
brother is short.
Transitions connectors used to link ideas > connect one part of a discourse with another.
for example, for instance; first, second, after that, later on, next, as a result consequently, therefore, however, in contrast, on the other hand,
furthermore, in addition, moreover, all in all, in conclusion, in short, in summary.
Transitions are set off by comma, no matter where they are.
e.g. For example, male cardinals are red. / Male cardinals, for example, are red.
If the transition is short, single-syllable, the comma is not necessary. e.g. First we went to the zoo.
3. UNITY all the supporting sentences should relate to the topic sentence. Sentences which do not belong to the paragraph are called irrelevant
sentences.
2.2. Study the details of Napoleons life and complete the biography
below. Use one word for each gap.
*1769 born in Corsica
*1784 entered military school in
Paris
*1789 French revolution started
*1793 promoted to brigadier general
*1796 appointed to command army
of Italy; married Josephine
*1799 returned from Egypt and
became First Consul of France