1.

Table
shows
_ _1_ _
__ _Experiments I, Experiment II and Experiment III which are conducted to
_ the
_ _
_solubility
_
study
of salts in water.
_ __ __ __ _
_ _ _ _
Jadual
Eksperimen I, Eksperimen II dan Eksperimen III yang diljalankan
_ __1__menunjukkan
_ _
untuk
_ mengkaji
_ _ _
_ keterlarutan garam dalam air.
(a) Write the observation for Experiment I, II and III in Table 1.
Tulis pemerhatian bagi Eksperimen I, II dan III dalam Jadual 1. [3 marks]
Experiment
Reaction
Observation
Eksperimen
Tindak balas
Pemerhatian

water
air

_ _ _ _
_ _
_ _
_ __ __ __ _
_ _
_ _
_ __ __ __ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _

_ __ __ __ _
_ _ _ _
_ __ _
I __ __
_ _
_ _
_ __ __ __ _
_ _ _ _ Lead(II) nitrate

Colourless solution
Larutan tak
berwarna

Plumbum(II)
nitrat

water
air

_ __ __ __ _
_ _ _ _
_ __ __ __ _
II __ __ __ __
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _

Calcium carbonate
Kalsium karbonat

water
air
III

_ _ _ _
_ _
_ _
_ __ __ __ _
_ _
_ _
_ __ __ __ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _

Copper(II) sulphate
Kuprum(II) sulfat

Blue solution
Larutan biru

Table 1
Jadual 1

(b)

Based on Experiment I and III, state the operational definition of soluble salt.
Berdasarkan Eksperimen I dan III, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi garam terlarut.
...

[3 marks]

(c) When calcium nitrate solution is added into sodium carbonate solution, white precipitate
calcium carbonate is formed. If potassium carbonate solution is used to replace sodium
carbonate solution, the same salt is produced. Explain why?
Apabila larutan kalsium nitrat ditambah ke dalam larutan natrium karbonat, mendakan
putih kalsium karbonat terbentuk. Jika larutan kalium karbonat digunakan untuk
menggantikan larutan natrium karbonat, garam yang sama terbentuk. Terangkan mengapa?
...

[3 marks]

(d)

Classify the following salts into soluble salts and insoluble salts.
Kelaskan garam-garam di bawah kepada garam terlarut dan garam tak terlarut.
Potassium sulphate, lead(II) sulphate, barium sulphate, zinc sulphate
Kalium sulfat, plumbum(II) sulfat, barium sulfat, zink sulfat
[3 marks]

Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to compare the heat of combustion of
methanol and ethanol. 200 cm3 of water is used in this experiment.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperiment untuk membandingkan

Haba pembakaran antara metano dengan etanol. 200 cm3 air digunakan dalam ekperimen ini.

Thermometer
Thermometer

Wind shield
Penghadang
Copper container
Bekas kuprum
Water
Air
Tripod stand
Tungku kaki tiga
Spirit lamp
Pelita

Alcohol
Alkohol

Wooden block
Blok kayu
Diagram 2
Rajah 2

The table below shows the results obtained from the experiment I the heat of combustion of
methanol and experiment II the heat of combustion of ethanol.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen I haba pembakaran methanol
dan eksperimen II haba pembakaran etanol.
Experiment I
Eksperimen I

Experiment II
Eksperimen II

25

25

20

20

15

15

Initial temperature of water: ..................

Suhu awal air
65

Initial temperature of water: .........................

Suhu awal air
65

60

60

55

55

Highest temperature of water: ...........................

Suhu tertinggi air

Highest temperature of water: ..........................

Suhu tertinggi air

Initial mass of spirit lamp and methanol: .............g

Jisim awal pelita dan metanol

Initial mass of spirit lamp and ethanol: ....... g

Jisim awal pelita dan metanol

150.50245
149.37

151.35
150.50

Final mass of spirit lamp and methanol: ......g

Jisim akhir pelita dan metanol

Final mass of spirit lamp and ethanol: ............. g

Jisim akhir pelita dan etanol

(a) Write the readings of the temperature and the mass of spirit lamp and alcohol in the spaces above.
Tuliskan bacaan suhu dan jisim pelita dan alkohol dalam ruangan di atas.
[3 marks]
(b) Based on the information above, complete the table below.
Berdasarkan kepada maklumat di atas lengkapkan jadual di bawah.
Name of variables
Nama pemboleh ubah
(i) Manipulated variable:
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulaskan:

Action to be taken
Tindakan yang dibuat
(i) The way to manipulate variable:
Cara mengubah pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasi:

............
....................
...........
....................
(ii) Responding variable:
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:

(ii) What to observe in the responding variable:

Apa yang diperhatikan bagi menentukan
pemboleh ubah gerak balas:

....................


....................
(iii) Fixed variable:
Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan:

(iii) The way to maintain the controlled variable:

Cara menetapkan pemboleh ubah
dimalarkan :

...

...

[3 marks]
(c) (i) Calculate the energy change in the experiment I and II.
Hitungkan perubahan tenaga dalam eksperimen I dan II
[Given: Energy change = mc, specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.2 Jg-1oC]
[Diberi: perubahan tenaga = mc, muatan haba tentu air, c = 4.2 Jg-1oC]

[3 marks]
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of methanol and ethanol burnt in this experiment.
Hitungkan bilangan mol methanol dan etanol yang terbakar dalam eksperimen ini.
[Molar mass of methanol = 32 g mol-1] [Molar mass of ethanol = 46 g mol-1]
[Jisim molar metanol = 32 g mol-1]
[Jisim molar etanol = 46 g mol-1]

[3 marks]
(iii) Calculate the heat of combustion of methanol in this experiment.
Hitungkan haba pembakaran metanol dalam eksperimen ini.

[3 marks]
(d) Predict the heat of combustion of ethanol compare to the heat combustion of methanol.
Ramalkan haba pembakaran etanol berbanding dengan haba pembakaran methanol.

[3 marks]
3. An experiment was carried out to construct an ionic equation for the precipitation of silver chloride
according to the following steps:
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk membina persamaan ion bagi pemendakan argentum klorida
mengikut langkah berikut:
: 5.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chloride solution was poured into 7 test tubes
labelled P, Q, R, S, T, U and V.
Langkah I : 5.00 cm3 larutan kalium kloridaf 1.0 mol dm-3 dimasukkan ke dalam 7 tabung uji
berlabel P, Q, R, S, T, U dan V.
Step II
: 1.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution was added to test tube P from burette.
Langkah II : 1.00 cm3 larutan argentum nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3 ditambahkan ke dalam tabung ujil P
menggunakan buret.
Step III
: Step II was repeated for test tubes Q, R, S, T, U and V using different volumes of silver
nitrate solution.
Langkah III : Langkah II diulangi bagi tabung uji P, Q, R, S, T, U dan V menggunakan isipadu
larutan argentum nitrat yang berlainan.
Step IV
: All the test tubes were put in the rack to allow silver chloride precipitate to settle.
Height of precipitate formed is recorded in Table 1.
Langkah IV : Semua tabung uji diletakkan di atas rak supaya argentum klorida termendak.
Ketinggian mendakan dicatat dalam Jadual 1.
Step I

Test tube
Volume of silver nitrate (cm3)
Isipadu argentum nitrat
Height of precipitate (cm)
Ketinggian mendakan

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

Table 1

Diagram 1 shows the initial and final burette reading for test tube V.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan bacaan awal dan akhir buret bagi tabung uji V.

40

47

41

48

Initial burette reading

Bacaan awal buret

Final burette reading

Bacaan akhir buret
Diagram 1
Rajah 1

Based on Diagram 1, determine value X in Table 1.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1, tentukan nilai X dalam Jadual 1.
X = final burette reading - initial burette reading
Bacaan akhir buret - bacaan awal buret
= .............................

- .................................

= ............................ cm3
[3 marks]
Based on Table 1, plot a graph of height of precipitate against volume of silver nitrate solution on the
graph provided.
Berdasarkan Jadual 1, plotkan graf ketinggian mendakan melawan isipadu larutan argentum nitrat
yang digunakan pada kertas graf yang disediakan.
[3 marks]
(i) On the graph, mark and write the minimum volume of silver nitrate solution needed
for complete reaction with 5.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chloride solution.
Pada graf, tanda dan tuliskan isipadu larutan argentum nitrat yang diperlukan
untuk bertindak balas lengkap dengan 5.00 cm3 larutan kalium klorida 1.0 mol dm-3.
[3 marks]
(ii) Using the volume obtained in (c)(i), calculate the number of moles of silver ions and
chloride ions used.
Then calculate the number of moles of chloride ions that will react with 1.0 mole of
silver ions.
Menggunakan isipadu di (c)(i), hitungkan bilangan mol ion argentum dan ion

klorida yang digunakan.

Kemudian, hitungkan bilangan mol ion klorida yang akan bertindak balas dengan
1.0 mol ion argentum.

[3 marks]
(iii) Predict the height of precipitate when 3.50 cm3 silver nitrate solution is added into 5.00 cm3
potassium chloride solution.
Ramalkan ketinggian mendakan apabila 3.50 cm3 larutan argentum nitrat ditambahkan ke dalam
5.00 cm3 larutan kalium klorida.
..................................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
4.

A student carried out an experiment to determine the heat of displacement of copper.50cm 3 of

0.5moldm-3 copper(II) sulphate solution is poured into a polystryne cup. The initial temperature
of the solution is recorded. An excess zinc powder is then added into the polystyrene cup and is
stirred as shown in diagram 2.1.
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk menentukan haba penyesaran kuprum. 50
cm3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.5 mol dm-3 dimasukkan ke dalam cawan polistirena.. Suhu awal
larutan dicatatkan. Kemudian serbuk zink berlebihan ditambah ke dalam
cawan polistirena dan dikacau seperti Rajah 2.1
thermometer
termometer
Copper
(II)sulphate
solution
Larutan
Kuprum(II)
sulfat
polystyrene cup
Cawan polisterena
Beginning of experiment
Awal eksperimen

Zinc granules
Ketulan zink

End of Experiment
Akhir eksperimen

RAJAH 2.1
The initial and maximum temperature of thermometer is recorded as shown in diagram 2.2.
Suhu awal dan suhu maksimum termometer telah direkodkan seperti Rajah 2.2

Initial temperature
State three observations in this experiment
Nyatakan tiga pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini.

(a)

Maximum temperature

....
.
.
[3
marks ]
(b)

Reffering to Diagram 2.2, determine the temperature below :

Merujuk kepada Rajah 2.2, tentukan nilai suhu berikut:
Initial Temperature
Suhu awal
:

: .........................................................................................................

Maximum temperature:
Suhu maksimum:
Temperature changes: ...
Perubahan suhu :
[3
marks ]
(c)

Calculate the heat released in this experiment.

Hitungkan haba yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen ini.
(specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.2 Jg-1oC , density of water = 1 gcm-3)
( Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 Jg-1C, Ketumpatan larutan = 1 gcm-3 )

[3
marks ]
(d)

Give an inference for this reaction.

Berikan inferens bagi tindak balas ini.
....
....
....
[3

marks ]
(e) In another experiment, excess zinc powder is added into 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II)sulphate
solution. Predict the change in temperature in this reaction.
Dalam satu eksperimen lain, serbuk zink berlebihan ditambah ke dalam 50 cm 3 larutan kuprum(II)
sulfat 1.0 mol dm-3.Ramalkan perubahan suhu yang mungkin berlaku dalam tindak balas ini.
..
[3
marks ]
(f)

Write an ionic equation for the reaction in this experiment.

Tulis persamaan ion bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam eksperimen ini.
..
[3
marks ]