Physics 211

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Projectile Motion
Lec 4Plan
Readings
C 4.3

1.Review 2d Motion
2.Projectile Motion
Messages

Sample exams are posted.

Midterm 1 on Kinematics cover Chap 1-4. The exam in on W
Sept 21 at 6:30pm.
Deadline to sign up for a conflict is Tuesday 09/13.

Midterm 1 info
09/21 at 6:30pm. Rooms to be announced

Cover Chap 1 -4
Problem sets 00 to 03
There will be no Phys 211 Lab/rec on W 09/21 and R 09/22
There will be special office hours.
There are practice questions on Mastering arranged by
learning objectives.
There are 2 samples exams.

Material covered
On Angel, you can see the list of objectives.
Find what you have difficulties
with and practice those skills
in particular

Look at the MT1 Review in

Mastering Physics

Comment on PS 02: Mike throws a ball

what is the angle that Nancys see?
From Mikes point of view

From Mikes reference frame

From Nancys reference frame

~vBN

~vBM

Mike

Mike

Mike is moving left

and the ball must have
an extra left velocity

~vM N

Nancy

~vN M

~vBN = ~vBM + ~vM N

Nancy
or

~vBN = ~vBM

~vN M

Review 2D Motion

Group problem: Average acceleration

A car travels North on an interstate highway at 15 m/s. It enters an
interchange to a different highway, emerging in an Easterly direction at
20 m/s. If the time spent in the interchange is 5 s, what is the magnitude
of the average acceleration that the car underwent?

Group problem: Average acceleration

A car travels North on an interstate highway at 15 m/s. It enters an
interchange to a different highway, emerging in an Easterly direction at
20 m/s. If the time spent in the interchange is 5 s, what is the magnitude
of the average acceleration that the car underwent?

|~vi | = 15 m/s

~aavg =

~v
t

|~vf | = 20 m/s
|~vf | = 20 m/s
~v = ~vf

~vi

|~vi | = 15 m/s

Group problem: Average acceleration

A car travels North on an interstate highway at 15 m/s.
It enters an interchange to a different highway,
emerging in an Easterly direction at 20 m/s. If the time
spent in the interchange is 5 s, what is the
magnitude of the average acceleration that the car
underwent?
|~vf |

~v = ~vf

~aavg =

~v
t

= 20 m/s

~vi

|~vi | = 15 m/s

magnitude of change of velocity

p
| ~v | = 202 + 152 m/s = 25 m/s

divide by 5 s

| ~a| = 5 m/s

In 2D, acceleration may mean changing

direction and/or speed!
~aavg =

You accelerate when

~v
t

1) your speed change

2) your direction of motion change

3) Both
Even if the magnitude (norm) of the velocity vector is
constant (traveling at constant speed), if the direction
change the object is accelerating.

2D motion diagram from recitation

~v3

~v4

~v4
~v4

~aavg =

~v
t

~v3

~aavg

~v3

2d motion diagram

~v3

~v4

full motion diagram

Motion in 2 dimensions - quantitative

x and y are solved independently
Works for x and y independently

~r = x + y |

ds
vs =
dt

dvs
as =
dt

Slope

Slope

~v = vx + vy |
s

~a = ax + ay |

s = sf

v
area
Z
si =

a
area

tf

vs dt
ti

vs = vsf

vsi =

tf

as dt
ti

Constant acceleration equations

from integral - horizontal/vertical motion
horizontal motion
usually use x coordinate
xf = xi + vix

1
t + ax ( t)2
2

vertical motion
usually use y coordinate
yf = yi + viy

1
t + ay ( t)2
2

vf x = vix + ax t

vf y = viy + ay t

2
vf x

2
vf y

2
vix

= 2ax x

2
viy

= 2ay y

Worked example
At t = 0, a penguin has a velocity of 10 m/s SE. There is
a constant strong wind that accelerates the penguin.
Some time t later, the penguin has a velocity of 10 m/s
due South and has a displacement of 7.3 m South and
3.0 m East. What is t?

Projectile Motion

CQ: x-t graph in projectile

A ball is launched as shown. Which
one of the following graphs best
represents the horizontal position, x,
of the ball as a function of time.

x
B
t

t
D

x
t

CQ: x-t graph in projectile

A ball is launched as shown. Which one of
the following graphs best represents the
horizontal position, x, of the ball as a function
of time.
A

x
B
t

t
D

constant positive vx
means a constant
positive slope

x
t

Projectile, ax = 0 and ay = -g

horizontal motion

xf = xi + vix

1
t + ax ( t)2
2

vertical motion
yf = yi + viy

1
t + ay ( t)2
2

vf x = vix + ax t

vf y = viy + ay t

2
vf x

2
vf y

2
vix

= 2ax x

2
viy

= 2ay y

Projectile, ax = 0 and ay = -g

horizontal motion

vertical motion
0

xf = xi + vix

1
t + ax ( t)2
2

yf = yi + viy t

1
2
g( t)
2

0
vf x = vix + ax t

vf y = viy

g t

0
2
vf x

2
vix

= 2ax x

2
vf y

2
viy

2g y

Projectile, ax = 0 and ay = -g
independent motion but time is what links them
vertical motion

horizontal motion

yf = yi + viy t

xf = xi + vix t

vf y = viy

vf x = vix

vf2 y

1
2
g( t)
2

vx

2
viy
=

g t
2g y
vy

ay

ax
t

In free fall projectile motion, only vy changes

vx

vy

ay

t
y

ax

vx
vy vx
vy v
x

t
vy

parabola

40

vx
vx
vy
x

vx never changes, while vy constantly changes (downwards)

Where is the speed minimum?

At top

Group problem: Car drive dive

A car drives off a level structure of height h
and lands a distance L away. How fast was
the car moving when it left the structure?

h
L

A car drives off a level structure of height h

and lands a distance L away. How fast was
the car moving when it left the structure?

Keep track of things

VISUALIZE

x
h

MODEL:

use particle model

projectile motion

ax = 0 ay=-g

x=L
y= h

vyi = 0
Find

L
x = vx t
y = viy t
h=

Known

1
2
g( t)
2

1
2
g( t)
2

vx =?

L
vx =
t

t=

vx = L
2h
g

g
2h

`
II

I
III

IV

These four projectiles were launched at the same time

Order in which they landed (first to last)?
A. III, I, IV, II
B. III = IV, I = II
C. I = III, II = IV
D. I = II, III = IV
E. II = IV, I = III

CQ: Ranking four projectiles

II

I
III

IV

These four projectiles were launched at the same time

Order in which they landed?
A. III, I, IV, II
B. III = IV, I = II
C. I = III, II = IV
D. I = II, III = IV
E. II = IV, I = III

vertical motion determines

the time of flight so the higher you go
the longer it will take

Rank vx during flight?

if II went twice as high and twice

as far?

IV > II > III > I

Group problem Rank vx

II

I
III

IV

These four projectiles were launched at the same time

Rank vx during flight?

if II went twice as high and twice as far as III

IV > II > III > I

L
vx =
t
s
2h
t=
g

L
vx p
h

Time of flight is set by y motion

CQ: A tall tower sits on a flat plain

~vB = ( 1 m/s) + (2 m/s)
|

~vA = ( 2 m/s) + (2 m/s)

|

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

TA < TC <TB
TA >TC>TB
TB<TA =TC
TB>TA =TC
TA =TB=TC

~vC = (1.5 m/s) + (2 m/s)

|

Rank the projectile according to the

amount of time spent in the air.

CQ: A tall tower sits on a flat plain

~vB = ( 1 m/s) + (2 m/s)
|

~vA = ( 2 m/s) + (2 m/s)

|

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

TA < TC <TB
TA >TC>TB
TB<TA =TC
TB>TA =TC
TA =TB=TC

~vC = (1.5 m/s) + (2 m/s)

|

Rank the projectile according to the

amount of time spent in the air.
They all have the same initial velocities in y direction

yf = yi + viy t

1
g( t)2
2

Worked example: Shooting Kenny

Kenny hangs at a height h above the ground. A gun, a
height s above the ground and a horizontal distance d
away from Kenny, fires a projectile with an initial
velocity of magnitude vi just as Kenny is released.
At what angle must the gun be aimed in order for the
projectile to strike Kenny? Ignore air resistance.

Worked example: Shooting Kenny

Kenny hangs at a height h above the ground. A gun, a height s
above the ground and a horizontal distance d away from Kenny,
fires a projectile with an initial velocity of magnitude vi just as
Kenny is released.
At what angle must the gun be aimed in order for the projectile to
strike Kenny? Ignore air resistance.

VISUALIZE

use components

~viP
Angle of the
initial velocity vector

Worked example: Shooting Kenny

Kenny hangs at a height h above the ground. A gun, a height s above the
ground and a horizontal distance d away from Kenny, fires a projectile with an
initial velocity of magnitude vi just as Kenny is released.
At what angle must the gun be aimed in order for the projectile to strike Kenny?
Ignore air resistance.

VISUALIZE

~viP

What if not gravity?

Just aim and shoot

h-s

tan =

s
d

d
vixP = viP cos
viyP = viP sin

viyP
tan =
vixP

MODEL:

use particle model

projectile motion

ax = 0 ay=-g

At what angle to shoot Kenny?

VISUALIZE

We know they meet at same

y
x

~viP

time

x position

y position

What is the launch angle?

Solve

Projectile
xP = vixP t = d
yP = viyP t

1
2
g( t)
2

yK

Kenny
1
=
g( t)2
2

Projectile
yK

xP = vixP t = d
yP = viyP t

1
g( t)2
2

Kenny
1
=
g( t)2
2

Solve meeting at the same y

Projectile

s+

Kenny

yP = h +
0

s + viyP t

viyP t = h

yK

1
2
g( t) = h
2

vixP t = d
0

1
2
g( t)
2

viyP
h s
tan =
=
vixP
d

Next lecture
Readings for next time
Chap 4.5-4.7

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Start preparing for the midterm!