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Gonzaga
Credits to Joelle Noriko G. Galang for the notes :3
Concentration Expressions
Percentage Expressions
1.) Percentage by weight, % (w/w)
100 %
2.) Percentage by volume, % (v/v)
100 %
3.) Mass per volume, % (w/v)
(, , )
100 %
(, , )
Other Expressions
4.) Molarity, M
()
()
5.) Normality, N
=
()
=
Where M is molarity and n is equivalents
()
=
. ()
6.) Equivalent Weight, solute
Chemical Kinetics
Rate of Reaction
Given the equation:
+ +
=
[]
[]
[]
[]
=
=
=
Half-life (s)
Rate
Law
k
[] = + []
k[A]
ln[] = + ln[]
k[A]2
1
1
= +
[]
[]
[]
2
ln 2 = 0.612
1
[]
Disclaimer: I may have some mistakes. Please ask around if you feel like theres something wrong with what I have
typed. Its frigging 3:44 AM
Chemical Equilibrium
Given the equation:
+ +
Equilibrium Constant, kc
[] []
[] []
Note: Kc values are dimensionless because they
involve a thermodynamic quantity called activity, a
ratio of a substances concentration/partial
pressure to a standard. Liquids and solids have
activities approaching 1, making them value-less in
the computation.
The Reaction Quotient, Q
[] []
[] []
Where the concentrations are not necessarily
equilibrium values
Problem Solving Tips:
* When being asked about where the reaction
would proceed based on Q and Kc, compare them
with Kc on the left. Follow the direction of the
comparison sign. (e.g. Kc > Q, the reaction
proceeds to the right)
Solving for Q and Kc/Kp: The ICE Table
Initial
Change
Equilibrium
+ +
A, unit B, unit C, unit D, unit
-ax
-bx
+cx
+dx
-ax - bx + cx + dx
[ + cx] [ + dx]
[ ax] [ bx]
Notes:
* Make sure that the entire table uses only ONE
unit. It can be in molarity (M, mol/L), moles
(mol), or atm (pressure)
Disclaimer: I may have some mistakes. Please ask around if you feel like theres something wrong with what I have
typed. Its frigging 3:44 AM
=
Equilibrium Constant in terms of Partial Pressures
( ) ( )
=
( ) ( )
Note: Only gaseous reactant/products will be
included in the computation.
Relationship between Kc and Kp
= ()
= ()
Where Kp is the equilibrium constant in terms of
partial pressure, Kc is the equilibrium constant in
terms of concentration, R is the gas constant,
0.08206 L atm/mol, T is the temperature and n
is mol gaseous products mol gaseous reactants.
Problem Solving Tips
* Dont waste time doing a long cut if you can just
relate the Kc and the Kp.
* You usually use this when you want an easy way
of converting between Kc and Kp.
2 () + 2 () 3 ()
+ ()
+
= [3 ][ ] = = 1.0 1014
Note: at 25o C
Disclaimer: I may have some mistakes. Please ask around if you feel like theres something wrong with what I have
typed. Its frigging 3:44 AM
Conversion Factors
Pressure
1 = 760
= 760 = 101,325
1 ~ 1 (0.9869 )
Temperature
+ 273.15 =
9
+ 32 =
5
Acidity
+ = = 14
Disclaimer: I may have some mistakes. Please ask around if you feel like theres something wrong with what I have
typed. Its frigging 3:44 AM