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The Methodology to Generate a Helical Flute for

Drill with Curved Cutting Edge, Using SV&
Toolbox Environment
Conference Paper January 2012

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Universitatea Dunarea de Jos Galati

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ModTech International Conference - New face of TMCR

Modern Technologies, Quality and Innovation - New face of TMCR
24-26 May 2012, Sinaia, Romania

85

THE METHODOLOGY TO GENERATE A HELICAL FLUTE FOR DRILL

WITH CURVED CUTTING EDGE, USING SV& TOOLBOX ENVIRONMENT
Nicuor Baroiu 1, Virgil Teodor 1, Silviu Berbinschii 1, Nicolae Oancea 1
1

Dunrea de Jos University of Galai-Romania, Department of Manufacturing, Robotics and Welding Engineering
Domneasc Street, 111, 800201, Galai, Romania
Corresponding author: Nicuor Baroiu, Nicuor.Baroiu@ugal.ro

Abstract: Multi-flute drills with curved cutting edges need

a helical flute with a specific shape. That is obtained
knowing the shape of the edge circular curve. The paper
presents a numerical method of expressing the curved
cutting edge, and based on it, the helical flute. The problem
of generating the helical flute is tackled by using the
functions of the SV& Toolbox programming environment.
Constructive solutions are presented for disk tools (profile
disks) in order to generate this type of flute.
Key words: Multi-flute drills, curved cutting edges, models
for sharpening, SV& Toolbox.

1. INTRODUCTION
Helical multi-flute drills with curved cutting edges
[1], [2] have a specific geometry for the cutting edge
and consequently for the helical flute of the tool fig.
1.

The SV& Toolbox program is specialized for the

facilities offered by tool-machines with numerical
control with 5 or even 6 axes of freedom,
simultaneously interpolated.
To design the tools, it is suggested using simple
geometrical shapes, (cylindrical base shape of the
semiproduct from which the drill will be made),
cylindrical or taper base shape for the abrasive disk,
that generate the helical flutes etc.). The result is
similar to the one where the profiling of tools is made
by winding, using elements of matrix algebra but
with an extremely high flexibility, the software
product used having the possibility to generate codes
for the CNC machines. The paper develops an
application dedicated to the helical multi-flute drill
for designing disk type tools, in order to generate the
helical flute for curved edge drills.

Z
sd

2. THE SHAPE OF THE HELICAL FLUTE

p

Mx

R
H

Fig. 1. Curved cutting edge drill

The new shape of the helical flute requires for

profiling generating disk type tools based on
fundamental theorems of winding surfaces [3], [4],
[6], such as: Olivier, Gohman, Nicolaev [3].
Also, complementary analytical methods are used for
profiling such tool, like: minimum distance method
[6], in-plane trajectory generation method [7], the
method of substituting family circles. At the same
time, there can be used methods developed in 3D
graphical mediums [2], [8].
Recently, there has been developed in the C++
programming language, a specific program for
designing generating disk type tools for the helical
flute of tools, SV & Toolbox [5], [9], [10].

The shape of the cutting edge for a curvilinear edged

drill is the result of the intersection between the
helical tool surface (cylindrical helix of constant
pace) with the placing surface, in this case a
hyperboloidal surface fig. 2 [1].
The shape of the bearing surface is the result of the
helical movement, of axis and the parameter for the
drills helical flute, of the cutting edge.
The main cutting edge, represented by a curve
belonging to the placing surface is, in this case, a
curve of the rotation hyperboloid that is the main
placing surface.
The hyperboloidal sharpening principle entails the
combination of the following movements: A cutting
motion the rotation of the d abrasive body around
its own axis, B the oscillation motion of the
sharpened drill in relation with the straight generatrix
of the abrasive body, C the feed motion of the
sharpened drill across its own axis. The results of
such motions is a circular shape of the cutting edge,
obtained by intersecting the rotation hyperboloid with
a perpendicular plane on the rotation axis fig. 2.

86

3. NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION OF A
HELICAL FLUTE
The requirements of the SV& Toolbox software
imposes a numerical representation of the helical
flute (3) starting from numerical shape, as well, of the
cutting edge (2).
For a drill with curved cutting edges and three main
cutting edges, with a diameter D = 20 mm, the
defined parameters in table 1 have the following
values:
Table 2. Numerical values for the parameters
Value
Value
Parameter
Parameter
[mm]
[rad]
20,00
0,10472
D

10,24

0,20944

R0

10, 00

1,04719

Thus, the cutting edge is an arch belonging to the

circle of radius RH .

RH

20,50

min

1,00000

170,00

max

0,01500

In the planes H =RH sin t / tan + d 0 / 2

d0
p

4,00

0,00492

Fig. 2. The hyperboloidal sharpening principle of

the placing surface; the main cutting edge

(1)

follows the shape of the cutting edge of equations:

X = H tg cos R0 sin ;
CH : Y = H tg sin + R0 cos ;

(2)

Z = H.
The parameters that intervene in the equations are
defined in table 1.

17,33

0,52333

- the increment of variation for the parameter;

max min

(4)

[rad]

200

In table 3, the coordinates for the cutting edge profile

are presented.
Table 3. The coordinates of the cutting edge profile profile

Table 1. The geometrical parameters of the drill

Parameter
Calculation

e = RH cos t

R0

R0 = e
= 6 /180
p = D / 2 tan
d 0 = 0, 2 D

d0

Nr.
crt.

The helical surface of the drills flute is defined, in

the system X 2Y2 Z 2 , in the spiraling motion of the
cutting edge with p right helical screw parameter
and - variable angular parameter:
X 2 = H tg cos R0 sin + p ;
d0
sin ;
2
d
Z 2 = [ H tg sin + R0 cos e] sin + 0 cos .
2

A Y2 = [ H tg sin + R0 cos e] cos

(3)

1.
2.
3.
...
168.
169.
170.

rx2

[rad]

[mm]

[mm]

0,015000
0,019925
0,024850

17,80435
17,75356
17,70234

0,022463
0,110025
0,197335

[mm]
4,000505
4,012105
4,038941

0,827625
0,832550
0,837475

4,786486
4,687987
4,589375

9,742263
9,765594
9,788439

98,91168
99,36682
99,81354

rx The radius of the actual point for the transversal

section of the drill.

rx = Y 2 + Z 2
rxmin = d 0 / 2;
rxmax = D / 2.

(5)

(6)

87

4. GENERATING THE HELICAL FLUTE

FOR THE DRILL IN THE SV& TOOLBOX
ENVIRONMENT
The software SV& Toolbox [10] (made by the
company Tools Wizard GmbH Suisse, member of the
System V&, Romania group), is an application toolmachines with numerical control adjusted, that relies
on a mathematical support to generate surfaces for
cutting tools. During the processing, they move
around their own axes, while performing a feed
motion.
Multiple
modules
are
developed:
TOOLdefine, WHEELdata, DrawPad, tgmBUILDER,
WHEELprof, SolidPRO, mainCONTOUR.
4.1 Defining the geometry of the drill
This paper explains how helical flutes are made for a
three curved edges drill, with a diameter D = 20 mm,
based on analytical relations and values of its
geometrical parameters. The values from table 3 are
processed in a AutoLisp application, so that the
defined points through the X and Y coordinates can
be imported, in .DXF format, of the SV& Toolbox
The obtained polyline from these points is actually
the curvilinear edge of the drill - fig. 3. For the shape
of the edge, the DrawPad module will associate to
the CAD file a specific extension, .FRS, necessary in
completely defining the helical flute.

Fig. 4. General data about the drills geometry

4.2 Planning the execution technology

The execution technology refers to the technological
operations through which the semi-product will go
until the helical drill is obtained. In figure 5, the
specific operations for processing the helical flute are
defined.

Fig. 5. Specific operations for processing

the helical flute.

Fig. 3. Defining the geometry of the edge

in the DrawPad module

After defining the geometry of the edge, other

elements of the drill will be defined, which are
necessary in the full definition of the entire cutting
tool, by using the TOOLdefine module: details
concerning the profile type (spiraled, straight, flat),
the direction of the helix (on the right or on the left),
the cutting direction (on the right or on the left,
details concerning the category of the cutting tools
helical drill, head type, type of sharpening, the tools
body shape, number of teeth, angle of helix, pitch of
the helix etc. fig. 4.

The technological operations specific to processing

the drills body groups those operations that use
specific data of the helical flute for evacuating
cuttings across the drill. These refer to: the diameter
of the core (fig. 6a), the helical flutes depth for the
cutting relative to the maximum diameter (fig. 6b),
the length of the flute measured in the maximum
diameter of the profile (fig. 6c) etc. For the helical
drill with three curved edges, the values for these
parameters are found in figure 7.

a.
b.
c.
Fig. 6. The geometrical parameters for the helical flute

88

c.
d.
Fig. 8. The processing stages of the helical flute for
cuttings in consecutive operations

5. CONCLUSIONS
Fig. 7. The parameters values for the flutes geometry

The kinematics to generate the main evacuation flute

is complex, so it groups the general parameters (the
abrasive disks displacements at the beginning and at
the end of the flutes processing, the positioning
angles of the disk relative to the helix angle, as well
as other parameters that concern the disks placement
while the flute is being processed.
4.3 Selecting the abrasive disks and simulating the
processing operations
Selecting the disks is made in the WHEELdata
module, with standardized abrasive disks. The disks
are mounted on a special on a special drill chuck
which will be inserted in the cone of the main axis of
the tool-machines with numerical control. For this
application, we chose the 2 disk pack, encoded 1V1
100 D64, and 11V9 100 D64 respectively and
which are meant to be processed at normal speed
between 3.000-12.000 rot/min, or even 15.000
rot/min, these answering to recommended peripheral
cutting speeds of 18-20 m/s, but it can even reach
values of 25 m/s.
The simulation takes place in the SolidPRO module,
that allows both simulation operations and a
cumulation of calculation ones, duration and
examination of collisions, or a combination of these.
At the same time, during the simulation, SolidPRO
offer the possibility to see the whole technological
process, step by step, of all operations, or just one of
them fig. 8. This example shows the operation of
making the helical flute for cuttings, in four different
stages: the proximity of the abrasive (fig. 8a), the
actual processing (fig. 8b), disk removal from flutes
trajectory that has been done (fig. 8c) and removal of
the blanck disk (fig. 8d).

a.

b.

The software product SV& Toolbox is conceived

based on a complete and coherent algorithm that
combines the features of the design, optimization and
generation technology execution, with the purpose of
making a diverse range of cutting tools, the
aforementioned example being conclusive.

6. REFERENCES
1. Baroiu, N., Teodor, V., Berbinschi, S., Oancea, N.,
(2011). Multi-Flute Helical Drills - The Modeling of
a Hyperboloid Sharpening Method of the Back Faces,
Proceedings of The International Conference on
Innovative Technologies-IN-TECH,
pp. 37-41,
Bratislava.
2. Berbinschi, S., Baroiu, N., Teodor, V., Oancea, N.,
(2011). A Profiling Method for Secondary Order Tool
for Drill Manufacturing, Proceedings of the
International Conference New Technologies in
Manufacturing NEWTECH, pp. 57-62, Brno.
3. Litvin, F.L., (1984). Theory of Gearing, Reference
Publication 1212, NASA, Scientific and Technical
Information Division, Washington, D.C.
4. Lukshin, V. S., (1968). Theory of Screw Surfaces
in Cutting Tool Design, Machinostroyenie, Moscow.
5. Muiu, N.C., Brndau, P.D., Beju, L.D., (2007).
Software for drilling tool design and manufacturing,
The 4th IFAC Conference on Management and
Control of Production and Logistics, Vol. II, pp. 359364, Sibiu.
6. Oancea, N., (2004). Generarea suprafeelor prin
nfurare (Surfaces generation by enwrapping) Vol.
I i II, Dunrea de Jos University Foundation
Publishing House, Galai.
7. Teodor, V., (2010). Contribution to the elaboration
of a method for profiling tools Tools which
generate by enwrapping, Lambert Academic
Publishing, Saarbrcken.
8. Veliko, I., Gentcho, N., (1998). Profiling of
rotation tools for forming of helical surfaces, Int. J.
Mach. Tools Manu., Vol. 38, pp. 1125-1148.
9. Voicu, S.M., Muiu, N.C., (2007). Toolbox v4, The
European Information Technology Prize, Available
from: www.ict-prize.org, Accesed: 01.12.2011, Paris.
10. http://www.tools-wizard.com/index.php,
Accesed: 05.11.2011.