Table of Constants and Formulas for Control Charts

_
_
X and R Charts
X and s Charts

Appendix VIII

Chart for
Averages
X

Chart for Ranges

R

Divisors
for
Factors for Estimate of
Sugroup
Control
Standard
size
Limits
Deviation

n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

A2
1.880
1.023
0.729
0.577
0.483
0.419
0.373
0.337
0.308
0.285
0.266
0.249
0.235
0.223
0.212
0.203
0.194
0.187
0.180
0.173
0.167
0.162
0.157
0.153

From ASTM publications STP-15D

Chart for
Averages
X

d2
1.128
1.693
2.059
2.326
2.534
2.704
2.847
2.970
3.078
3.173
3.258
3.336
3.407
3.472
3.532
3.588
3.640
3.689
3.735
3.778
3.819
3.858
3.895
3.931

Factors for Control Limits

D3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.076
0.136
0.184
0.223
0.256
0.283
0.307
0.328
0.347
0.363
0.378
0.391
0.403
0.415
0.425
0.434
0.443
0.451
0.459

D4
3.267
2.574
2.282
2.114
2.004
1.924
1.864
1.816
1.777
1.744
1.717
1.693
1.672
1.653
1.637
1.622
1.608
1.597
1.585
1.575
1.566
1.557
1.548
1.541

Factors for
Control
Limits

A3
2.659
1.954
1.628
1.427
1.287
1.182
1.099
1.032
0.975
0.927
0.886
0.850
0.817
0.789
0.763
0.739
0.718
0.698
0.680
0.663
0.647
0.633
0.619
0.606

Chart for Averages

s

Divisors for Estimate of

Standard Deviation

c4
0.7979
0.8862
0.9213
0.9400
0.9515
0.9594
0.9650
0.9693
0.9727
0.9754
0.9776
0.9794
0.9810
0.9823
0.9835
0.9845
0.9854
0.9862
0.9869
0.9876
0.9882
0.9887
0.9882
0.9896

B3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.030
0.118
0.185
0.239
0.284
0.321
0.354
0.382
0.406
0.428
0.448
0.466
0.482
0.497
0.510
0.523
0.534
0.545
0.555
0.565

_
_
UCLX, LCLX = X A2 R
_
UCLR = D4 R
_
LCLR = D3 R
_

_
_
UCLX, LCLX = X A3 s
_
UCLS = B4 s
_
LCLS = B3 s
_

= R / d2

= s / c4

Factors for
Control
Limits

B4
3.267
2.568
2.266
2.089
1.970
1.882
1.815
1.761
1.716
1.679
1.646
1.618
1.594
1.572
1.552
1.534
1.518
1.503
1.490
1.477
1.466
1.455
1.445
1.435

Appendix VIII (cont.)

Table of Constants and Formulas for Control Charts

Mediam Charts
Chart for
Mediams
X

Chart for Ranges

R

Divisors
for
Factors for Estimate of
Sugroup
Control
Standard
size
Limits
Deviation

n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

A2
1.880
1.187
0.796
0.691
0.548
0.508
0.433
0.412
0.362

From ASTM publications STP-15D

_
_
UCLX, LCLX = X A2 R
_
UCLR = D4 R
_
LCLR = D3 R
_
= R / d2

Charts for Individuals

Chart for
Individuals
X

d2
1.128
1.693
2.059
2.326
2.534
2.704
2.847
2.970
3.078

Factors for Control Limits

D3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.076
0.136
0.184
0.223

D4
3.267
2.574
2.282
2.114
2.004
1.924
1.864
1.816
1.777

Factors for
Control
Limits

E2
2.660
1.772
1.457
1.290
1.184
1.109
1.054
1.010
0.975

Chart for Ranges

R

Divisors for Estimate of

Standard Deviation

d2
1.1280
1.6930
2.0590
2.3260
2.5340
2.7040
2.8470
2.9700
3.0780

D3
0.076
0.136
0.184
0.223

Factors for
Control
Limits

D4
3.267
2.574
2.282
2.114
2.004
1.924
1.864
1.816
1.777

_
_
UCLX, LCLX = X E2 R
_
UCLR = D4 R
_
LCLR = D3 R
_
= R / d2

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