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1Timothy3

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Verses116
Chapter4
THESERVICEOFGODORTHESERVICEOFSATAN(1Timothy4:15)
4:15TheSpiritclearlysaysthatinthelatertimessomewilldesert
fromthefaith,throughpayingattentiontospiritswhocandonothing
butleadthemastray,andtoteachingswhichcomefromthe
demons,teachingsoffalsemenwhosecharacteristicisinsincerity,
teachingsofmenwhoseconsciencehasbeenbrandedwiththemark
ofSatan,teachingsofthosewhoforbidmarriage,andwhoordermen
toabstainfromfoodswhichGodcreatedinorderthatmenmight
gratefullytaketheirshareoftheminthecompanyofthosewho
believeandwhoreallyknowthetruthforeverythingthatGodhas
madeisgood,andnothingistoberejected,butitistobegratefully
receivedforitishallowedbythewordofGodandbyprayer.

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TheChristianChurchhadinheritedfromtheJewsthebeliefthatinthis
worldthingswouldbeagreatdealworsebeforetheywerebetter.TheJews
alwaysthoughtoftimeintermsoftwoages.Therewasthispresentage,
whichwasaltogetherbadandinthegripoftheevilpowerstherewasthe
agetocome,whichwastobetheperfectageofGodandofgoodness.But
theoneagewouldnotpassintotheotherwithoutalastconvulsivestruggle.
InbetweenthetwoageswouldcomeTheDayoftheLord.Onthatdaythe
worldwouldbeshakentoitsfoundationstherewouldbealastsupreme
battlewithevil,alastuniversaljudgment,andthenthenewdaywould
dawn.
TheNewTestamentwriterstookoverthatpicture.BeingJews,theyhad
beenbroughtupinit.Oneoftheexpectedfeaturesofthelastagewas
heresiesandfalseteachers."Manyfalseprophetswillarise,andleadmany
astray"(Matthew24:11)."FalseChristsandfalseprophetswillarise,and
showsignsandwonders,toleadastray,ifpossible,theelect"(Mark13:22).
IntheselastdaysPaullooksfortheemergenceof"themanofsin,theson
ofperdition,"whowouldsethimselfupagainstGod(2Thessalonians2:3).
IntotheChurchatEphesussuchfalseteachershadcome.Thewayin
whichtheirfalseteachingisregardedinthispassageshouldmakeusthink
veryseriously.Atthattimemenbelievedinevilspiritswhohauntedtheair
andwereouttoruinmen.Itwasfromthemthatthisfalseteachingcame.
Butthoughitcamefromthedemons,itcamethroughmen.Itcamethrough
menwhosecharacteristicwasasmoothhypocrisyandwhoseconsciences
hadbeenbrandedbySatan.Itsometimeshappenedthataslavewas
brandedwithamarkidentifyinghimasbelongingtoacertainowner.These
falseteachersbearupontheirconsciencestheverybrandofSatan,
markingthemoutashisproperty.
Hereisthethreateningandtheterriblething.Godisalwayssearchingfor
menwhowillbehisinstrumentsintheworldbuttheterriblefactisthatthe
forcesofevilarealsolookingformentouse.Hereistheterrible
responsibilityofmanhood.MenmayaccepttheserviceofGodorthe
serviceofthedevil.Whoseservicearetheytochoose?

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ENSLAVERSOFMENANDINSULTERSOFGOD(1Timothy4:15

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continued)
ThehereticsofEphesuswerepropagatingaheresywithverydefiniteconsequencesforlife.Aswehave
alreadyseen,thesehereticswereGnosticsandtheessenceofGnosticismwasthatspiritisaltogether
goodandmatteraltogetherevil.Oneoftheconsequenceswasthatthereweremenwhopreachedthat
everythingtodowiththebodywasevilandthateverythingintheworldwasevil.InEphesusthisissued
intwodefiniteerrors.Thehereticsinsistedthatmenmust,asfaraspossible,abstainfromfood,forfood
wasmaterialandthereforeevilfoodministeredtothebodyandthebodywasevil.Theyalsoinsistedthat
amanmustabstainfrommarriage,fortheinstinctsofthebodywereevilandmustbeentirely
suppressed.
ThiswasaneverrecurringheresyintheChurchineverygenerationmenarosewhotriedtobestricter
thanGod.WhentheApostolicCanonscametobewritten,itwasnecessarytosetitdowninblackand
white:"Ifanyoverseer,priestordeacon,oranyoneonthepriestlylist,abstainsfrommarriageandflesh
andwine,notonthegroundofasceticism(thatis,forthesakeofdiscipline),butthroughabhorrenceof
themasevilinthemselves,forgettingthatallthingsareverygood,andthatGodmademanmaleand
female,butblasphemingandslanderingtheworkmanshipofGod,eitherlethimamend,orbedeposed
andcastoutoftheChurch.Likewisealaymanalso"(ApostolicCanons51).Irenaeus,writingtowardsthe
endofthesecondcentury,tellshowcertainfollowersofSaturninus"declarethatmarriageandgeneration
arefromSatan.Manylikewiseabstainfromanimalfood,anddrawawaymultitudesbyafeigned
temperanceofthiskind"(Irenaeus,AgainstHeresies,1,24,2).Thiskindofthingcametoaheadinthe
monksandhermitsofthefourthcentury.TheywentawayandlivedintheEgyptiandesert,entirelycutoff
frommen.Theyspenttheirlivesmortifyingtheflesh.Oneneveratecookedfoodandwasfamousforhis
"fleshlessness."Anotherstoodallnightbyajuttingcragsothatitwasimpossibleforhimtosleep.
Anotherwasfamousbecauseheallowedhisbodytobecomesodirtyandneglectedthatvermindropped
fromhimashewalked.Anotherdeliberatelyatesaltinmidsummerandthenabstainedfromdrinking
water."Acleanbody,"theysaid,"necessarilymeansanuncleansoul."
TheanswertothesemenwasthatbydoingthingslikethattheywereinsultingGod,forheisthecreator
oftheworldandrepeatedlyhiscreationissaidtobegood."AndGodsaweverythingthathehadmade
andbeholditwasverygood"(Genesis1:31)."Everymovingthingthatlivesshallbemeatforyou"
(Genesis9:3)."Godcreatedmaninhisownimage...maleandfemalehecreatedthem.AndGodblessed
them,andGodsaidtothem,Befruitfulandmultiplyandfilltheearth"(Genesis1:2728).
ButallGod'sgiftshavetobeusedinacertainway.
(i)TheyhavetobeusedinthememorythattheyaregiftsofGodTherearethingswhichcometousso
unfailinglythatwebegintoforgetthattheyaregiftsandbegintotakethemasrights.Weareto
rememberthatallthatwehaveisagiftfromGodandthatthereisnotalivingthingwhichcouldhavelife
apartfromhim.
(ii)Theyhavetobeusedinsharing.Allselfishuseisforbidden.NomancanmonopolizeGod'sgifts
everymanmustsharethem.
(iii)Theyaretobeusedwithgratitude.Alwaysthereistobegracebeforemeat.TheJewalwayssaidhis
grace.Hehadagracefordifferentthings.Whenheatefruitshesaid:"Blessedartthou,Kingofthe
Universe,whocreatestthefruitofthetree."Whenhedrankwinehesaid:"Blessedartthou,Kingofthe
Universe,whocreatestthefruitofthevine."Whenheatevegetableshesaid:"Blessedartthou,Kingof
theUniverse,whocreatestthefruitoftheearth."Whenheatebreadhesaid:"Blessedartthou,Kingof
theUniverse,whobringestforthbreadfromtheground."TheveryfactthatwethankGodforitmakesa
thingsacred.NoteventhedemonscantouchitwhenithasbeentouchedbytheSpiritofGod.
ThetrueChristiandoesnotserveGodbyenslavinghimselfwithrulesandregulationsandinsultinghis
creationheserveshimbygratefullyacceptinghisgoodgiftsandrememberingthatthisisaworldwhere
GodmadeallthingswellandbyneverforgettingtoshareGod'sgiftswithothers.
ADVICETOANENVOYOFCHRIST(1Timothy4:610)
4:610Ifyoulaythesethingsbeforethebrothers,youwillbeafineservantofJesus
Christ,ifyoufeedyourlifeonthewordsoffaith,andofthefineteachingofwhich
youhavebeenastudentandafollower.Refusetohaveanythingtodowith
irreligiousstorieslikethetalesoldwomentelltochildren.Trainyourselftowardsthe
goaloftruegodliness.Thetrainingofthebodyhasonlyalimitedvaluebuttraining
ingodlinesshasauniversalvalueformankind,becauseithasthepromiseoflifein
thispresentage,andlifeintheagetocome.Thisisasayingwhichdeservestobe
acceptedbyall.Thereasonwhywetoilandstrugglesohardisthatwehavesetour
hopesonthelivingGod,whoistheSaviourofallmen,andespeciallyofthosewho
believe.
Thispassageisclosepackedwithpracticaladvice,notonlyforTimothy,butforanyservantofthe
Churchwhoischargedwiththedutyofworkandleadership.
(i)Ittellsushowtoinstructothers.Thewordusedforlayingthesethingsbeforethebrothersismost
suggestive(hupotithesthai,Greek#5294).Itdoesnotmeantoissueordersbutrathertoadvise,to
suggest.Itisagentle,humble,andmodestword.Itmeansthattheteachermustneverdogmaticallyand
pugnaciouslylaydownthelaw.Itmeansthathemustactratherasifhewasremindingmenofwhatthey
alreadykneworsuggestingtothem,notthattheyshouldlearnfromhim,butthattheyshoulddiscover
fromtheirownheartswhatisright.Guidancegiveningentlenesswillalwaysbemoreeffectivethan
bullyinginstructionslaiddownwithforce.Menmaybeledwhentheywillrefusetobedriven.
(ii)Ittellsushowtofacethetaskofteaching.Timothyistoldthathemustfeedhislifeonthewordsof
faith.Nomancangiveoutwithouttakingin.Hewhowouldteachmustbecontinuallylearning.Itisthe
reverseofthetruththatwhenamanbecomesateacherheceasestobealearnerhemustdailyknow
JesusChristbetterbeforehecanbringhimtoothers.
(iii)Ittellsuswhattoavoid.Timothyistoavoidprofitlesstaleslikethosewhicholdwomentellto
children.Itiseasytogetlostinsideissuesandtogetentangledinthingswhichareatbestembroideries.
Itisonthegreatcentraltruthsthatamanmusteverfeedhismindandnourishhisfaith.

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(iv)Ittellsuswhattoseek.Timothyistoldthatasanathletetrainshisbody,sotheChristianmusttrain
hissoul.Itisnotthatbodilyfitnessisdespised.TheChristianfaithbelievesthatthebodyisthetemple
oftheHolySpirit.ButtherearecertainthingsinPaul'smind.First,intheancientworld,especiallyin
Greece,thegymnasiaweredangerousplaces.EverytownhaditsgymnasiumfortheGreekyouth
betweentheagesofsixteenandeighteen,gymnasticswerethemainpartofeducation.Buttheancient
worldwasriddledwithhomosexualityandthegymnasiawerenotoriousashotbedsofthatparticularsin.
Second,Paulispleadingforasenseofproportion.Physicaltrainingisgood,andevenessentialbutits
useislimited.Itdevelops.onlypartofamananditproducesonlyresultswhichlastforsoshortatime,
forthebodypassesaway.Trainingingodlinessdevelopsthewholemaninbody,mindandspirit,andits
resultsaffectnotonlytime,buteternityaswell.TheChristianisnottheathleteofthegymnasium,heis
theathleteofGod.ThegreatestoftheGreekswellrecognizedthis.Isocrateswrote:"Noasceticoughtto
trainhisbodyasakingoughttotrainhissoul.""Trainyourselfbysubmittingwillinglytotoils,sothat
whentheycomeonyouunwillinglyyouwillbeabletoendurethem."
(v)Itshowsusthebasisofthewholematter.NoonehaseverclaimedthattheChristianlifeisaneasy
waybutitsgoalisGodItisbecauselifeislivedinthepresenceofGodandendsinhisstillnearer
presence,thattheChristianiswillingtoendureashedoes.Thegreatnessofthegoalmakesthetoil
worthwhile.
THEONLYWAYTOSILENCECRITICISM(1Timothy4:1116)
4:1116Makeityourbusinesstohandonandtoteachthesecommandments.Do
notgiveanyoneachancetodespiseyoubecauseyouareyoungbutinyourwords
andinyourconduct,inlove,inloyaltyandinpurity,showyourselfanexampleof
whatbelievingpeopleshouldbe.UntilIcome,devoteyourattentiontothepublic
readingofthescriptures,toexhortationandtoteaching.Donotneglectthespecial
giftwhichwasgiventoyou,whenthevoicesoftheprophetspickedyououtforthe
chargewhichhasbeengiventoyou,whenthebodyoftheelderslaidtheirhands
uponyou.Thinkaboutthesethingsfindyourwholelifeinthem,thatyourprogress
maybeevidenttoall.Takeheedtoyourselfandtoyourteachingsticktothemfor
ifyoudo,youwillsaveyourselfandthosewhohearyou.
OneofthedifficultiesTimothyhadtoovercomewasthathewasyoung.Wearenottothinkofhimasa
merestripling.Afterall,itwasfifteenyearssincehehadfirstbecomePaul'shelper.Thewordusedfor
youth(neotes,Greek#3503)caninGreekdescribeanyoneofmilitaryage,thatisuptotheageofforty.
ButtheChurchhasgenerallylikeditsofficebearerstobemenofmaturity.TheApostolicCanonslaidit
downthatamanwasnottobecomeabishopuntilhewasoverfifty,forbythen"hewillbepastyouthful
disorders."TimothywasyoungincomparisonwithPaul,andtherewouldbemanywhowouldwatchhim
withacriticaleye.WhentheelderWilliamPittwasmakingaspeechintheHouseofCommonsattheage
ofthirtythree,hesaid:"Theatrociouscrimeofbeingayoungman...Iwillneitherattempttopalliateor
deny."TheChurchhasalwaysregardedyouthwithacertainsuspicion,andunderthatsuspicionTimothy
inevitablyfell.
TheadvicegiventoTimothyisthehardestofalltofollow,andyetitwastheonlypossibleadvice.Itwas
thathemustsilencecriticismbyconduct.Platowasoncefalselyaccusedofdishonourableconduct.
"Well,"hesaid,"wemustliveinsuchawaythatallmenwillseethatthechargeisfalse."Verbal
defencesmaynotsilencecriticismconductwill.WhatthenweretobethemarksofTimothy'sconduct?
(i)First,therewastobelove.Agape(Greek#26),theGreekwordforthegreatestoftheChristianvirtues,
islargelyuntranslatable.Itsrealmeaningisunconquerablebenevolence.Ifamanhasagape(Greek
#26),nomatterwhatotherpeopledotohimorsayofhim,hewillseeknothingbuttheirgood.Hewill
neverbebitter,neverresentful,nevervengefulhewillneverallowhimselftohatehewillneverrefuseto
forgive.Clearlythisisthekindoflovewhichtakesthewholeofaman'spersonalitytoachieve.Ordinarily
loveissomethingwhichwecannothelp.Loveofournearestanddearestisaninstinctivething.Thelove
ofamanforamaidisanexperienceunsought.Ordinarilyloveisathingoftheheartbutclearlythis
Christianloveisathingofthewill.Itisthatconquestofselfwherebywedevelopanunconquerable
caringforotherpeople.SothenthefirstauthenticatingmarkoftheChristianleaderisthathecaresfor
others,nomatterwhattheydotohim.ThatissomethingofwhichanyChristianleaderquicktotake
offenceandpronetobeargrudgesshouldconstantlythink.
(ii)Second,therewastobeloyalty.LoyaltyisanunconquerablefidelitytoChrist,nomatterwhatitmay
cost.Itisnotdifficulttobeagoodsoldierwhenthingsaregoingwell.Butthereallyvaluablesoldierishe
whocanfightwellwhenhisbodyiswearyandhisstomachempty,whenthesituationseemshopeless
andheisinthemidstofacampaignthemovementsofwhichhecannotunderstand.Thesecond
authenticatingmarkoftheChristianleaderisaloyaltytoChristwhichdefiescircumstances.
(iii)Third,therewastobepurity.PurityisunconquerableallegiancetothestandardsofChrist.When
PlinywasreportingbacktoTrajanabouttheChristiansinBithynia,wherehewasgovernor,hewrote:
"Theyareaccustomedtobindthemselvesbyanoathtocommitneithertheft,norrobbery,noradultery
nevertobreaktheirwordnevertodenyapledgethathasbeenmadewhensummonedtoanswerforit."
TheChristianpledgeistoalifeofpurity.TheChristianoughttohaveastandardofhonourandhonesty,
ofselfcontrolandchastity,ofdisciplineandconsideration,farabovethestandardsoftheworld.The
simplefactisthattheworldwillneverhaveanyuseforChristianity,unlessitcanprovethatitproduces
thebestmenandwomen.ThethirdauthenticatingmarkoftheChristianleaderisalifelivedonthe
standardsofJesusChrist.
THEDUTIESOFTHECHRISTIANLEADERWITHINTHECHURCH(1Timothy4:1116continued)
CertaindutiesarelaiduponTimothy,theyoungleaderdesignateoftheChurch.Heistodevotehimselfto
thepublicreadingofscripture,toexhortationandtoteaching.HerewehavethepatternoftheChristian
Churchservice.
TheveryfirstdescriptionofachurchservicewhichwepossessisintheworksofJustinMartyr.About
theyearA.D.170hewroteadefenceofChristianitytotheRomangovernment,andinit(JustinMartyr:
FirstApology,1:67)hesays:"OnthedaycalledthedayoftheSunagatheringtakesplaceofallwho
liveinthetownsorinthecountryinoneplace.TheMemoirsoftheApostlesorthewritingsofthe
prophetsarereadaslongastimepermits.Thenthereaderstops,andtheleaderbywordofmouth
impressesandurgestotheimitationofthesegoodthings.Thenweallstandtogetherandsendforth

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prayers."SotheninthepatternofanyChristianservicethereshouldbefourthings.
(i)Thereshouldbethereadingandexpositionofscripture.Menultimatelydonotgathertogethertohear
theopinionsofapreachertheygathertogethertohearthewordofGod.TheChristianserviceisBible
centred.
(ii)Thereshouldbeteaching.TheBibleisadifficultbook,andthereforeithastobeexplained.Christian
doctrineisnoteasytounderstand,butamanmustbeabletogiveareasonforthehopethatisinhim.
ThereislittleuseinexhortingamantobeaChristian,ifhedoesnotknowwhatbeingaChristianis.The
Christianpreacherhasgivenmanyyearsofhislifetogainthenecessaryequipmenttoexplainthefaithto
others.Hehasbeensetfreefromtheordinarydutiesoflifeinordertothink,tostudyandtopraythathe
maybetterexpoundthewordofGod.TherecanbenolastingChristianfaithinanyChurchwithouta
teachingministry.
(iii)Thereshouldbeexhortation.TheChristianmessagemustalwaysendinChristianaction.Someone
hassaidthateverysermonshouldendwiththechallenge:"Whataboutit,chum?"Itisnotenoughto
presenttheChristianmessageassomethingtobestudiedandunderstoodithastobepresentedas
somethingtobedone.Christianityistruth,butitistruthinaction.
(iv)Thereshouldbeprayer.ThegatheringmeetsinthepresenceofGoditthinksintheSpiritofGodit
goesoutinthestrengthofGod.Neitherthepreachingnorthelisteningduringtheservice,northe
consequentactionintheworld,ispossiblewithoutthehelpoftheSpiritofGod.
Itwoulddousnoharmsometimestotestourmodernservicesagainstthepatternofthefirstservicesof
theChristianChurch.
THEPERSONALDUTYOFTHECHRISTIANLEADER(1Timothy4:1116continued)
HereinthispassageissetoutinthemostvividwaythepersonaldutyoftheChristianleader.
(i)HemustrememberthatheisamansetapartforaspecialtaskbytheChurch.TheChristianleader
doesnotmakesenseapartfromtheChurch.Hiscommissioncamefromithisworkiswithinits
fellowshiphisdutyistobuildothersintoit.ThatiswhythereallyimportantworkoftheChristianChurch
isneverdonebyanyitinerantevangelistbutalwaysbyitssettledministry.
(ii)Hemustrememberthedutytothinkaboutthesethings.Hisgreatdangerisintellectualslothandthe
shutmind,neglecting,tostudyandallowinghisthoughtstocontinueinwellworngrooves.Thedangeris
thatnewtruths,newmethodsandtheattempttorestatethefaithincontemporarytermsmaymerely
annoyhim.TheChristianleadermustbeaChristianthinkerorhefailsinhistaskandtobeaChristian
thinkeristobeanadventurousthinkersolongaslifelasts.
(iii)Hemustrememberthedutyofconcentration.Thedangeristhathemaydissipatehisenergieson
manythingswhicharenotcentraltotheChristianfaith.Heispresentedwiththeinvitationtomanyduties
andconfrontedwiththeclaimsofmanyspheresofservice.TherewasaprophetwhoconfrontedAhab
withakindofparable.Hesaidthatinabattleamanbroughthimaprisonertoguard,tellinghimthatifthe
prisonerescapedhisownlifewouldbeforfeitbutheallowedhisattentiontowander,and"asyour
servantwasbusyhereandtherehewasgone"(1Kings20:3543).ItiseasyfortheChristianleadertobe
busyhereandthere,andtoletthecentralthingsgo.ConcentrationisaprimedutyoftheChristianleader.
(iv)Hemustrememberthedutyofprogress.Hisprogressmustbeevidenttoallmen.Itisalltootrueof
mostofusthatthesamethingsconquerusyearinandyearoutthatasyearsucceedsyear,weareno
furtheron.TheChristianleaderpleadswithotherstobecomemorelikeChrist.Howcanhedosowith
honestyunlesshehimselffromdaytodaybecomesmoreliketheMasterwhoseheisandwhomhe
seekstoserve?WhenKagawadecidedtobecomeaChristian,hisfirstprayerwas:"God,makemelike
Christ."TheChristianleader'sprayermustfirstbethathemaygrowmorelikeChrist,foronlythuswillhe
beabletoleadotherstohim.
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