form and routes for drug administration

tablets and capsule

oral medication are not given to client who are vomiting, lack a gag reflex, or who are
comatose. clients who gag may need a brief rest before proceeding with further intake of

medication
do not mix medication with a large amount of food or beverage or with contraindicated
food. clients may not be able to eat all the food and will ni get the full dose of

medication. do not mix in infant formula

enteric-coated and timed-release capsule must be swallowed whole to be effective
administer irritating drugs with food to decrease GI discomfort
administer drugs on an empty stomach if food interferes with medication
drugs given sublingually (placed under the tongue)or buccally(placed between cheek and
gum) remain in place until fully absorbed. no food or fluid should be taken while

medication is in place.
encourage the use of child-resistant caps. the consumer public safety commission has
ordered a redesign of these caps because the current caps are difficult for older adult
clients to use. this has contributed to a safety hazard children and other because many
people, in an effort to have easy access to their mediactions, leave the caps off.. the new
design requires a person to lightly squeeze the two side bottle tabs and turn the cap. nonchild-resistant caps are available on request

liquids

there are several form of liquid mediaction, including elixirs, emulsion and suspension.
elixirs are sweetened hydroalcoholic liquod used in preparation of oral liquid
medications. emulsion are mixture of two liquids that are not mutually soluble.
suspensions are liquids in which particles are mixed with but not dissolved in another

fluid.
read the tables ti determine wheter dilution or shaking is requires
the meniscus is at the line of desire dose
many liquids require refrigerator once recontitued

transdermal
topical
instillation