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BIOL10002
Biomolecules and cells
Lecture 23
Regulation of Respiration
[Sadava et al., Life, The Science of Biology (10e) Chap. 49]
Department of Zoology
Lecture outline:
Gills
transfer
of
O2
Deoxygenated
(afferent)
blood enters
(O2 low)
Oxygenated
(efferent)
blood leaves
(O2 high)
Water flow
Water flow
Lamella
Deoxygenated
blood
Afferent
blood vessel
Oxygenated
blood
Efferent
blood vessel
Lamellae:
increase
the
surface
area
for
gas
exchange
reduce
the
diusion
path-length
between
water
and
blood
Mechanism
of
ven<la<on
in
sh
Gill
arches
(under
opercular
ap)
Mouth
Gill
arch
Gill
lament
Gill
slit
Opercular
ap
Horizontal
sec:on
through
head
Air-breathing
sh
Over
400
species!!!
Have
specialised
accessory
breathing
organs
that
they
use
in
addi:on
to
or
instead
of
gills
when
breathing
air
Deoxygenated
blood
from
heart
Pulmonary
arteriole
Oxygenated
blood
to
heart
Bronchiole
Alveoli
O2
Red
blood
cell
Cell
of
alveolus
CO2
Capillary
Smallest
blood
vessels
(capillaries)
Interior
of
alveolus
Deoxygenated
blood
from
heart
Breathe out
Exhala<on
is
aided
by
contrac:on
of
internal
intercostals,
which
pulls
in
ribs
and
decreases
thoracic
volume
Regula<on of ven<la<on/respira<on
Chemoreceptors
in
the
aor:c
and
caro:d
bodies
are
sensi:ve
to
large
decreases
in
PO2
Carotid body
Dorsal
respiratory
neurons
Spinal
cord
Output to
diaphragm
Aortic body
Heart
PCO2
PO2
Hyperven<la<on
Excessive
breathing
beyond
actual
O2
requirement
Can
be
involuntary
(e.g.
anxiety
or
panic)
or
voluntary
Voluntary
hyperven:la:on
before
underwater
diving
can
cause
dangerous
shallow
water
blackout
due
to
hypocapnia:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.