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Abstract
The Northern Business Unit (NBU) of Shell U.K.
Exploration and Production (Shell EXPRO), operating on
behalf of the Shell / Exxon Mobil co-venture, comprises the
Northern North Sea assets of Brent, Cormorant, Tern, Eider
and Dunlin platforms and several sub-sea developments. These
mature assets with increasingly marginal accumulations to
target have required a broad approach to reduce drilling cost
and or increase the NPV from a well bore. This has been
successfully achieved by a synergetic approach of the
combination of optimising the contracting strategy,
implementation of the Deliver The Limit Philosophy and by
the speedy implementation of novel technology. One of these
technologies is Through Tubing Drilling (TTD). In the NBU
this enabling technology has been applied since 1996 both in
the form of Coiled Tubing Drilling (CTD) as well as Through
Tubing Rotary Drilling (TTRD). This has yielded a total of 8
TTD applications (6 CTD, 2 TTRD) making the NBU a
dominant North Sea TTD operator who has achieved a unique
learning curve.
The objective of this paper is to explain the TTD work
that was performed in the NBU and how this has evolved from
primarily CTD into TTRD. This change took place as a result
of major changes in the business case as well as in reservoir
conditions having a large impact on the risk of drilling these
wells both from a technical and cost perspective. The paper
covers the full NBU TTD Campaign since 1996 but the main
focus will be on the Brent CTD campaign (1999) and NorthCormorant CN18S-5 TTRD well (2000). Key learning from a
business perspective is that the CTD wells in Brent will be
challenging to drill for less than 2.5 million whilst the latest
North Cormorant TTRD well was drilled for 1.5 million with
significant scope for further cost reduction.
Introduction
A number of technologies are considered within NBU
as enabling delivery of technical-limit reserves and production,
not just the safest, fastest and cheapest well. This is done by
means of a technology challenge process. This process is
embedded in the well planning and execution processes
ensuring that for each well on the sequence there has been a
challenge in assuring that the appropriate enhancing
technologies have been considered.
Through tubing drilling is an important enabler to
reduce well costs but has to be considered in the light of other
competing techniques such as cemented completions. This is
another low cost well construction technique whereby the
production string is cemented in place, making this a packer
less completion. For example CN01 cemented completion was
delivered for low cost in 18 days. Yet even with this same well
cost reduction technique the CN18S-5 target could not have
been sanctioned as a project, because the shallow kick off
point required by a conventional hole size would put the well
cost at more than double of a TTRD application.
Through Tubing Drilling is available in two variants
i.e. CTD and TTRD. The intention for TTRD technology is to
integrate its application into normal rig operations, taking
advantage of some of the other cost reduction strategies
including the Deliver The Limit methodology. This would
enable the rig sequence to be maintained and fully utilised for
as long as possible. In areas where concurrent operations (i.e.
in addition to the main rig activity) are possible and where it is
commercially beneficial to accelerate oil production coiled
tubing drilling can be considered.
NBU Through Tubing Drilling History (1996 1998)
Early applications of through tubing drilling
technology particularly CTD aimed to prove the viability of
these operations primarily in the concurrent mode in the tight
constraints of a platform. The four CTD wells from 96-98
gave some confidence that technically it was possible to drill
through tubing wells concurrently on the North-Cormorant and
Brent platforms. It also indicated that given a rolling sequence
of wells the learning curve could bring substantial savings.
(ref. Table 1.1, 1.2 & 1.3).
The main drive in 1998/99 was the development of oil
reserves before the Brent depressurisation project progressed.
In the early years of implementing the depressurisation project,
a large number of well activities had to be performed in a
limited space of time. Using a Coiled Tubing Drilling Unit to
work concurrently with the main rig would help to achieve this
goal. Building on the previous technical successes of coiled
tubing drilling wells a project was initiated for a rolling
SPE/IADC 67823
SPE/IADC 67823
SPE/IADC 67823
In the short term the main rigs have the advantage to access
small accumulations either with a conventional side-track or
with TTRD. The risks associated with TTRD are higher than
conventional drilling and may be comparable to CTD; it
should therefore not be viewed as the total solution to the
problems experienced on BC15S-1 and BB20S-2. Although
drill pipe can manage differential pressure better than coil, its
ability to recover once stuck is limited. Each well will have to
be considered on an individual risked cost basis. This is best
illustrated by well BD46S-3. The well was drilled as a
conventional 6 hole side-track but had been screened both as
a CTD and a TTRD well. Planned in the through tubing mode
it would have been one of the longest through tubing wells
drilled (14,999 ft), with a KOP at 12690 ft md and a DLS of
25 degrees / 100 ft, clearly outside the coil tubing drilling
envelope (ref. graph 1.6). Drag was too close to the limits for
CTD and TTRD, as was torque for TTRD. Critically the
reservoir pay was only in the last 500 ft of the well trajectory
hence a high risk activity considering the uncertainty of the
modelling and the fact that most overbalanced CTD work
ended prematurely without reaching planned TD.
SPE/IADC 67823
SPE/IADC 67823
hole size
3.875
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.875
3.75
4.125
4.125
MD ft
TVD ft
inc (deg)
Azi (deg)
CN-30s5
12970
9229
74.8
123.2
BD-38s1
9295
8718
28
123.3
BD-46s1
10100
9185
29.9
58.9
CN-31s2
10363
9485
41.5
54.8
BB-08s2
9100
7999
45.1
218.2
BC-15s1
9400
8675
56.6
92.14
BB-20s2
10765
8743
91.72
27
CN18s5*
9875
8273
66.2
141.4
Plan TD
MD ft
TVD ft
inc (deg)
Azi (deg)
14151
9612
54.3
128.9
11048
9627
59.9
90.3
11808
9467
84.8
67.92
10857
10577
90
75
10528
8878
54.2
150.3
11240
8841
88.8
106.2
12418
8883
90
56.4
11730
9573
35.3
225
Actual TD
MD (ft)
TVD (ft)
inc (deg)
Azi (deg)
13360
9277
86.3
127.7
11315
9617
65
95
11712
9460
83
65
10563
9581
86.6
73.3
10458
8842
48.93
142.8
9519
8726
63
107
11101
8849
68.9
71.5
11579
9448
28.2
242.3
Plan Max
inc (deg)
DLS (deg/100ft)
85.4
21.1
61.18
15
73
20
90
34
54.2
12.3
88.8
16
90
20
67.2
10.4
Actual Max
Inc (deg)
DLS (deg/100ft)
86.8
21.2
85
14
70
22
76
33
56.1
11.7
63
8
68.9
26.1
75.1
14.8
Actual Cost
Planned Cost
Planned Prod.
Days - Actual
CN-30
CTD
2,540,952
1,884,000
2.30 MMstb
96.8 days
BD-38
CTD
3,967,803
2,954,353
0.80 MMstb
79.7 days
BD-46
CTD
3,326,332
2,958,399
1.70 MMstb
77.8 days
CN-31
CTD
2,460,000
2,500,000
W/I
55.7 days
BB-08
TTRD
3,064,000
1,682,000
1.50 MMstb
89.8 days
BC-15*
CTD
2,221,200
2,116,740
0.95 MMstb
48.6 days
BB-20*
CTD
2,800,000
2,648,000
0.88 MMstb
60.0 days
CN18
TTRD
1,500,000
1,500,000
0.93 MMstb
28.3 days
SPE/IADC 67823
Actual
(days)
16.85
1.54
3.25
GRAPH 1.1
20
Actual Time
Recorded NPT
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2 7/8" liner/DB
packer/clean up
Drill 3-3/4"
Sidetrack
Mill Window
Clean up
orientate- run
w/stock
% NPT(Actual)
18
23
18
SPE/IADC 67823
Actual (days)
13.92
Recorded NPT(days)
0.00
NPT % Actual
0
Mill Window
5.35
0.52
6.70
10
28.33
16.50
18.88
0.00
0.00
8.36
0.00
0.00
11.43
GRAPH 1.2
Actual
Recorded NPT
20.00
18.00
16.00
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
GRAPH 1.3
BC15 CTD COST PROFILE
Perforation &
Hand over
2 7/8"
liner/DB
packer/clean
up
Drill 4-1/8"
Sidetrack
Mill Window
Rig up and
test
Equipment
0.00
GRAPH 1.4
CN18 TTRD COST PROFILE
Cumulative cost
Cumulative cost
Lost BHA
2,500,000
Rig Skid
2,500,000
Rig Required
2,000,000
1,000,000
500,000
Drill 4-1/8" OH
500,000
Days
0
Rig up Whipstock
1,500,000
1,000,000
Drilling
Mill Window
Whipstock
1,500,000
Milling
2,000,000
Rig Up
49
Days
29
SPE/IADC 67823
T TR D D ata Base
Fo o tag e Dr illed
0
10 00 2 00 0 3 00 0 40 00 50 00 60 00 7 000 8 00 0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
0
1,000
2 000
2,000
4 000
3,000
4,000
6 000
5,000
M ostBrenttargets
defined at2000-3000ft
O H length
10 00 0
CN 18S5
Total Depth
6,000
8 000
7,000
8,000
12,000
13,000
16 00 0
14,000
15,000
18 00 0
BC15
10,000
11,000
14 00 0
Plan
PDO Yibal
9,000
12 00 0
Actual
BB20
10
SPE/IADC 67823
C N 1 8 s5 T T R D D ir e c tio n a l R e v ie w
-2 4 0 0
2800
PL AN V IEW
3000
3200
-2 4 0 0
T ie -In
Ve rtic al S ecti on V iew
8000
-2 6 0 0
T ie -In 6 6 .2 7
-2 6 0 0
9900 M D
8500
-2 8 0 0
-2 8 0 0
T o p B re n t (0 0 0 4 0 4 )
9000
T o p B re n t (0 0 0 4 0 4 )
CN18s4
-3 0 0 0
-3 0 0 0
T o p B re n t v 2
B a s e B re n t (0 0 0 4 0 4 )
B a s e B re n t (0 0 0 4 0 4 )
)
9500
-3 2 0 0
P ro p o s e d T D3 5 .3 1 1 1 7 3 0 M D
A c tu a l T D2 8 .7 1 1 1 5 7 9 f t
P ro p o s a l
S u rv e y
-3 2 0 0
B a s e B re n t
T D cu t sh o rt for
G e o lo g ica l rea son s
10000
TD
2500
3000
3500
4000
-3 4 0 0
-3 4 0 0
2600
2800
3000
3200
EA ST > >>
C N 1 8 s 5 - T T R D S id e tr a c k
T im e V s D e p th
D a te
1 9 /0 5
2 4 /0 5
2 9 /0 5
0 3 /0 6
0 8 /0 6
1 3 /0 6
1 8 /0 6
2 3 /0 6
2 8 /0 6
9500
R ig u n a b le to s k id o v e r
w e ll d u e to c o n c u r r e n t
ops
M o to r C h a n g e 1 .5 d e g b e n d
to 2 .1 d e g b e n d
Best
W E P E P P la n
A c tu a l
10000
C o n tin g e n c y B H A
C hange
10500
C T w e ll In te r v e n tio n
p o s s ib le f o r W e ll
p r e p e r a tio n
R O P 3 5 0 f t/d a y
T D c u t s h o r t f o r g e o lo g ic a l
re a s o n
11000
11500
12000
B e s t tim e b a s e d o n
th e o r e tic a l p e r f o r m a n c e .
E s t W e ll C o s t + - 9 0 0 ,0 0 0
1 - 1 /2 D a y s f o r
L o g g in g in p la n
2 d a ys fo r C T
p e r f o r a tin g in p la n