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4 AUTHORS, INCLUDING:
Murilo D.M. Innocentini
Victor C Pandolfelli
SEE PROFILE
SEE PROFILE
journal
Introduction
II.
W% 100
Mo M
Mo Mf
(1)
Experimental Procedure
dW
Wi1 Wi1
dt i
ti1 ti1
III.
(2)
W. E. Leecontributing editor
Manuscript No. 186688. Received September 17, 2002; approved December 30,
2002.
Supported by the Brazilian research funding institution FAPESP, by Alcoa S.A.,
and by Magnesita S.A.
*Member, American Ceramic Society.
1146
July 2003
1147
Fig. 2. Drying stages related to the actual sample temperature for various
furnace heating schedules.
1148
and center of the body. In this case, the abrupt increase in the
heating rate at the center signals the end of the boiling process and
of the second dewatering stage, reestablishing similar heating
profiles for the center and surface for the remainder of the test.
Therefore, although heated to over 100C, the body retains
water in liquid form during most of the second drying stage. This
may occur if the structures permeability is sufficiently low to
increase the vapor pressure inside the pores, shifting the boiling of
water to higher temperatures. This effect is dangerously enhanced
during the time interval in which the discrepancy in the heating
profiles inside the body is maintained, when the heating rate
increases rapidly on the surface while water is still boiling in the
center.
Figure 4(c) shows that, for the castable heated at 10C/min, the
critical displacement interval refers to a temperature increase from
160220C. According to Antoines equation,4 this implies a
theoretical steam pressure buildup from 0.6 2.3 MPa, which can
be sufficiently high to cause the explosion of a green castable.
These values obviously refer to the maximum pressure buildup
achievable in the center of the body if no release is provided for
steam. In practice, the castables permeability and the heating
schedule determine the amount of water retained in the pores and,
hence, the actual intensity of the pressure buildup. Nevertheless,
the values calculated by Antoines equation for the critical dewatering interval represent the upper limit for steam pressurization
and may be reasonably compared with the mechanical tensile
strength of green castables with the purpose of evaluating the risk
of explosive spalling.
IV.
Conclusions
Fig. 4. Correlation found between the actual heating profiles inside the
castable and the dewatering stages for various furnace heating schedules
((a) heating rate of 1C/min, (b) heating rate of 5C/min, and (c) heating
rate of 10C/min).