To form the equation of motion for a fluid flow, it is necessary to

introduce the conservation laws that govern this motion, those are;
conservation of mass, momentum and energy. Two forms for one of
these equations can be formed; either in the differential form which
deals with the infinitesimal element of a system, or the integral form
which deals with the control volume surrounded by the control surface.
First, the differential form of the conservation of mass will be
used and simply the two dimensional one, then expanding the relations
in the equation into three dimensional, Taylor expansion series will also
be used to express the change in mass, e.g., in the x direction, the
net of rate of change in efflux of mass will be expressed by the
following formula:

u x y z

x
x

Similarly in y and z directions:

v y v y x z v x z y v x y z

w x y z

z
z

The net of rate of mass contained in the element can be

expressed by:

m x y z
t
t
Then the sum of these terms give the following equation:

x y z u x y z v x y z w x y z 0
t
x
y
z

u v w 0
t
x
y
z

. V 0
t

j
z

r
V ui vj wk
Secondly, the conservation of momentum can be derived from
Newtons second law
d

F dt mV dt V x y z
For the x direction, the force will be:

d
u x y z
dt

dx

dy

dz
u u u u u
dt
t
x
dt y
dt z
dt

u u
u v u w u
t
x
y
z

u V . u
t
Similarly in y and z directions:
d

v v V . v
dt
t
d

w w V . w
dt
t

u x y z u V . u x y z
dt
t

v x y z v V . v x y z
dt
t

w x y z w V . w x y z
dt
t

The surface forces can be derived based on the stress tensor on

the faces of element, again using the Taylor expansion series

f x x y z x
x x y z x y z yx yx y x z
x
y

yx x z zx
yx z x y zx x y

f x x y z
x x y z yx x y z yx x y z
x
y
z

f x x y z

x x y z yx x y z yx x y z
x
y
z

f x
x yx zx x y z
x
y
z

f y
xy
y zy x y z

x
y
z

f z
xz yz z x y z
x
y
z

u u V u f x x yx
dt
t
x
y

zx
z

v v V v f y xy
dt
t
x
d

w w V w
dt
t

x p V 2

u
x

y p V 2

v
y

z p V 2

w
z

f z xz
x

y zy
y
z

yz
y

w v
yz zy

y z
w u

x z

xz zx

u v
xy yx

y x

x y z
2 u v w
p V

3
3 x y z

u v w
V

x y z
2

3

z
z

2
u
x p V 2
3
x
2
v
y p V 2
3
y
2
w
z p V 2
3
z

p 2
x V
x
x 3 x

2u
x 2

2v
y 2

2u

2v
yx

2
y
x y
y
2w

2u

zx
2
z
x z z
2u

2v
xy
2

x
x y x

p 2
y

V
y
y 3 y
2w

2v
zy
2

z
y z z
2w

2u
xz 2

x
x z
x
2w

2v
yz

2
y
y z
y
5


p 2
z V
z
z 3 z

2w
z 2

p 2
u V u f x
t
x 3 x

f x

p 2

V
x 3 x

f x

p 2

V
x 3 x

f x

p 2

V
x 3 x

2 u

p
1
u V u f x 2 u
t
x
3 x

p
1
v V v f y 2 v
t
y
3 y

w V w
t

p
f z
2 w
z

2u

2u
2v
2w

2
x 2
x y
y
x z
2u 2u 2u
2u
2v

2
2
y 2 z 2
x y
x
x
u v w
2 u

x x y z

1

3 z

p
1

V i V V i f x i 2 V i
t
x i
3 x i

V j

x j

2u

z 2
2w

x z