IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 01 | July 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Physical & Analytical Investigation of Concrete

with Replacement of Cement with Egg Shell
Powder & Coal Powder Ash
Er. Varinder Singh
P.G. Student
Department of Civil Engineering
Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Ludhiana

Dr. Harpal Singh

Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Ludhiana

Er. Prem Gandhi

P.G. Student
Department of Civil Engineering
Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Ludhiana

Er. Kanwardeep Singh

P.G. Student
Department of Civil Engineering
Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Ludhiana

Abstract
The mixture of Coal Powder Ash and Egg Shell Powder were used as partial replacement of cement in concrete structures. In this
study, egg shell powder from 0% to 10% in multiples of 2.5% and coal powder ash from 0% to 5% in multiples of 1.25%. The
results showed that there was increase in the Compressive strength, flexural and tensile strength of the specimens containing
11.25% egg shell powder and coal powder ash when compared to the control mix. Workability of concrete mix decreases with
increase in the egg shell and coal powder ash content. The analytical result from ANSYS was obtained by the outcomes obtained
from the experimental work and results were verified.
Keywords: Replacement, Concrete, Coal Powder Ash, Egg Shell Powder, Cement
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

The price of building materials now a days is very high in different parts of the nation; particularly developing areas like Punjab,
Mangalore, Delhi, etc. that only the government, companies, business areas and few individual can afford it. This high and
uncontrolled rising cost can be reduced to minimize by use of different building materials that are cheap, locally available and
bring about a reduction in the overall self-weight of the building. Some industrial and other products that would otherwise dump
the environment as waste or at best be put into only limited use could gainfully be employed as building material. Engineering in
rising nations like our country India, has dependably been is still restricted by three predominant factors; the accessibility of
appropriate power, the quality of the materials with which it is economically practical to work and the expense of getting or
transporting the materials. The prevalent factors keeping down further improvement is still in all cases the limitation imposed by
the mechanical and physical properties of as of now accessible materials.
It would likewise appear that the advancement of more refined high quality materials is inseparably connected with expanding
cost to a point when the commercial utilization of such material is seriously confined. This paper analyses two of these materials
in namely; Egg Shell Powder & Coal powder ash which can be utilized as alternative materials to substitute cement in the
building industries, in order to evaluate and affirm the suitability of replacing cement with egg shell powder & coal powder ash
in conc. Structures.
II. MATERIALS & METHODS
Concrete Materials
Cement: Cement is a binder, a substance used in construction that sets and hardens and can bind other materials together. The
most important types of cement are used as a component in the production of mortar in masonry, and of concrete, which is a
combination of cement and an aggregate to form a strong building material. Cements used in construction can be characterized as
being either hydraulic or non-hydraulic, depending upon the ability of the cement to set in the presence of water.
Aggregates: Aggregates are hard inert filler materials mixed with a binding material like cement lime or mud in the
preparation of mortar or concrete. Aggregates occupy 70 75% of the total volume of a mass of concrete and therefore, the
properties of concrete are to a large extent dependent on the properties of the aggregates in them.
Egg Shell Powder: Egg shell powder prepared from the raw egg shell. Raw Egg Shell collected from the dump of wastes
and then dries on sunlight for 48 hr. After drying process egg shell crush in small grinder & then sieved.

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Physical & Analytical Investigation of Concrete with Replacement of Cement with Egg Shell Powder & Coal Powder Ash
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 01 / 079)

Coal powder ash: Aggregates are hard inert filler materials mixed with a binding material like cement lime or mud in the
preparation of mortar or concrete. Aggregates occupy 70 75% of the total volume of a mass of concrete and therefore, the
properties of concrete are to a large extent dependent on the properties of the aggregates in them. Aggregate could also be
classified according to the following main categories.
Sieve Analysis

Sieve analysis is a simple operation filler dispersion sample into fractions each of which consists of grains of the same size. More
precisely, each fraction contains a grain size of which varies within a certain range corresponding to a standard size openings slit.
In experiment all aggregates sieved on each IS sieve, after that aggregate selected which retained on 10mm sieve. Standard small
sieves used for screening aggregates for concrete, are square openings. The characteristics of these screens are given in BIS 460:
1985. Sieve with holes larger than 4.76 mm are usually made of wire mesh, although in some cases the grid can be used for
sieves with openings as more than 10 mm. Wire mesh made of phosphor bronze, brass and mild steel can be used for large
screens. The ratio of the total area of holes to the total area of the sieve surface is in the range 35-44%. For screens with holes
measuring 4.76 mm and larger aggregates, made with perforated plates of mild steel.
Compressive Strength
The compressive strength of the mix should be determined on cubes dimensions 150mm x 150mm x 150mm in the project in
accordance with the age of IS 516 (1959) or in the terms established in the standards or technical specifications for this type of
solution. Each test period is made at least 3 samples. The compressive strength of concrete cubes made with and without ESP &
CAP has been determined at 7 and 28 days. The average compressive strength of 3 samples of each mix at 28 days results are
shown in Table 2. From these results it is observed that compressive strength increases as the mix of ESP & CAP content
increases alternatively, but after mix of 11.25% (7.5% ESP & 3.75 CAP) the compressive strength goes decreases seriously. As
expected, the compressive strength is higher for specimen with 11.25%. It is further observed that the maximum 28-day cube
strength value of 63.1 N/mm2 as expected could still be achieved with app. 24% more than normal specimen.
Flexural Strength Test
The values of the flexural tensile strength as determined by the three point loading machine are presented in Table 2. All the
specimens tested failed at the middle third or near about of the span. There was some reduction in modulus of rupture at 7.5%
cement replacement with ESP & CAP, at 28 days of curing, when compared with the values obtained for the control specimen
for the curing ages, flexural strength increases in relation to 11.25%. The reduction in modulus of rupture in relation to the
control may be due to weakening effect that ESP has on the paste formed by cement and Egg Shell Powder, resulting in weak
bond between the paste and the sand grains. The modulus of rupture obtained in the study is higher to the value of 5.28N/mm 2.
Analytical Modeling
Numerical Modelling is a numerical system for finding estimated answers to boundary value problems for differential equations.
It utilizes various techniques (the calculus of varieties) to minimize a mistake and deliver a steady solution in FEM programming
software like ANSYS is used for building arrangement sets in engineering simulation that helps the design process.
Programming software puts a virtual item through a thorough testing technique, for example, smashing an auto into a block
divider, or running for quite a while on a landing area street before it turns into a physical object. In this study Mechanical APDL
(ANSYS) was used for analysis.

Fig. 1: Modeling of Control Beam

III. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

The values of the data from the compressive strength & other test of concrete with different mix of percentile replacement of
coal powder ash and Egg Shell powder are shown in the table below.

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Physical & Analytical Investigation of Concrete with Replacement of Cement with Egg Shell Powder & Coal Powder Ash
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 01 / 079)

Type of
concrete
mix
Control
Mix1
Mix2
Mix3
Mix4

Percentage of
ESP & CPA
(%)
0
3.75%
7.5%
11.25%
15%

Cement
(Kg/m3)
400
385
370
355
340

Table 1
Mix proportions and slump value
Egg Shell
Fine Agg.
Coarse Agg.
Powder
3
3
(Kg/m )
(kg/m )
(Kg/m3)
704
1271
0
704
1271
10
704
1271
20
704
1271
30
704
1271
40

Coal
Powder Ash
(Kg/m3)
0
5
10
15
20

Water
Content
(litre)
160
160
160
160
160

Slump
(mm)
95
89
83
78
78

Fig. 2: Bar chart showing the effect of percentage mixture of ESP & CAP with corresponding compressive strength of the concrete.

Fig. 3: Bar chart showing the effect of percentage mixture of ESP & CAP with corresponding compressive strength of the concrete.
Table 2
Parameters for the percentile replacement of the mixture of ESP & CAP for cement in concrete
Type of
Density of
Percentage of Compressive
Flexural
Percentage of
Weight of
Modulus of
Poisson
concrete
Cube
ESP & CPA
Strength
Strength
ESP & CPA (%)
Cube (g)
Elasticity
Ratio
3
2
2
mix
(Kg/m )
(%)
(N/mm )
(N/mm )
Control
0
7880
2335
0
50.5
4.95
35500
0.2
Mix1
3.75%
8080
2394
3.75%
57.62
5.11
34400
0.2
Mix2
7.5%
8085
2396
7.5%
59.2
5.28
33100
0.2
Mix3
11.25%
8177
2423
11.25%
63.1
4.62
32400
0.2
Mix4
15%
8154
2416
15%
62.4
4.44
30900
0.2
Table 3
Load-Deflection values obtained experimentally and ANSYS
Control
Mix 1
Mix
Mix 3
Mix 4
Load Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection Deflection
(N)
(ANSYS)
(EXP)
(ANSYS)
(EXP)
(EXP)
(ANSYS)
(ANSYS)
(EXP)
(ANSYS)
(EXP)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
2000
0.01
0.009
0.008
0.006
0.008
0.06
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.006
4000
0.17
0.015
0.015
0.011
0.015
0.013
0.014
0.12
0.014
0.12
6000
0.026
0.024
0.024
0.021
0.024
0.023
0.022
0.02
0.022
0.02
8000
0.034
0.031
0.031
0.028
0.03
0.027
0.029
0.026
0.029
0.026
8500
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
11000
0.048
0.045
0.043
0.041
0.043
0.041
-

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448

Physical & Analytical Investigation of Concrete with Replacement of Cement with Egg Shell Powder & Coal Powder Ash
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 01 / 079)

11880
12320
13200
13640

0.055

0.05

0.052

0.05

0.043
-

0.041
-

0.041
-

0.038
-

IV. CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions have been drawn from the present study:
1) The results from the analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results.
2) It is observed that load carrying capacity of mixed Beam Containing 11.25% ESP & CAP is more than control beam.
3) It is observed that load carrying capacity of Mixed Beam Containing 3.75% ESP & CAP is very less as others.
4) It is observed from the results that deflection of Mixed Beam Containing 15% ESP & CAP is more than as compared to Control beam
and other Mixed Beams.
5) Crushing pattern of beam obtained from analysis was observed to be in good agreement with experimental results.
6) Thus the result shows that increase in ESP & CAP up to 11.25% can be used in structure work but as we go on increase the rubber
content it is not suitable for structure

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