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Regular Arrear Examination - December 2013

Course

: MEE304

Time

: Three Hours

Note :
i.
ii.

- Turbomachines
Max.Marks:100

Missing data if any, may suitably be assumed


Steam and Gas tables are permitted
PART - A (8 X 5 = 40 Marks)
Answer ALL Questions

1.

Air at 2.05 bar and 417 K is expanded through a row of blades to a pressure of 1.925 bar.
The stagnation pressure loss across the nozzle is measured as 10 mm Hg. Determine the
efficiency of this nozzle and velocity of air at exit. Take Cp = 1005 J/kg K and = 1.4

2.

Explain the reheat and preheat phenomena in turbines. What its effects on work and
efficiencies in turbines?

3.

A fan takes in 2.5 m3/sec of air at 1.02 bar and 42oC, and delivers it at 75 cm W.G. and
52oC. Determine the mass-flow rate through the fan, the power required to drive the fan

4.

What is Surging and Stalling in axial compressors? What are their effects? Describe
briefly.

5.

Why pressure compounded stages are preferred over velocity compounded stages? Explain
the pressure compounded impulse stages in a turbine stages.

6.

Show that the values of maximum utilization factor for 50% reaction turbine stage
=

7.

2
1+

Define Cavitation. What are the effects of Cavitation? Give the necessary precautions
against Cavitation.

8.

Differentiate between
(i). The impulse and reaction turbine.
(ii). Radial and axial flow turbines
(iii). Inward and Outward flow turbines.

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PART B (4 X 15 = 60 Marks)
Answer any FOUR Questions
9.

The out put of a three- stage gas turbine is 30 MW at the shaft coupling at an entry
temperature of 1500 K. The overall pressure ratio across the turbine is 11.0 and efficiency
88%. If the pressure ratio of each stage is same , determine (i). Pressure ratio of each
stage, (ii). Polytropic efficiency, (iii). The mass flow rate, (iv). the efficiency and power of
each stage.

10.

An air compressor has eight stages of equal pressure ratio 1.35. The flow rate through the
compressor and its overall efficiency are 50 kg/sec and 82%, respectively. If the conditions
of air at entry are 1 bar and 40oC, Determine: (i). The state of air at the compressor exit,
(ii). Small stage efficiency, (iii). Efficiency of each stage and

(iv). Power required to

drive the compressor assuming overall efficiency of drive as 90%.


11.

The conditions of air at the entry of an axial compressor stage are 768 mm Hg and 314 K.
The air angles are 1 = 51o, 2 = 9o, 1 = 3 = 7o. The mean diameter and peripheral speed
are 50 cm and 100 m/sec, respectively. Mass-flow rate through the stage is 25kg/sec, the
work done factor is 0.95 and mechanical efficiency 92%. Assuming a stage efficiency of
88% determine: (i). Air angle at the stator entry, (ii). Blade height at entry and hub-tip
diameter ratio, (iii), Stage loading coefficient, (iv). Stage pressure ratio, and
(v). The power required to drive the stage.

12.

A backward-swept centrifugal fan develops a pressure of 75 mm W.G. It has an impeller


diameter of 89 cm and runs at 720 rpm. The blade air angle at tip is 30o and the width of
the impeller 10 cm. Assuming a constant radial velocity of 9.15m/sec and density of
1.2 kg/m3, determine the fan efficiency, discharge, power required, stage reaction and
pressure coefficient.

13.

The high pressure stage of an axial turbine has the following data: Degree of reaction 50%,
Exit air angle of the fixed blade ring 70o, Mean diameter of the stage 1m, Rotational speed
3000 rpm, Power developed 5 MW, Determine (i). Blade to gas speed ratio,
(ii). Utilization factor, (iii).Flow coefficient, (iv). Inlet and exit air angles for the rotor, and
(v). Mass flow rate of the gas. Assume maximum utilization factor.

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14.

A centrifugal pump has discharge of 1400 liters/s against a mean lift of 9 m when impeller
rotates at 250 rpm. The impeller diameter is 1.1 m and the area of outer periphery is
6500 cm2. If the vanes are set back at an angle of 30 at the outlet, determine:
(i). Hydraulic efficiency (ii).Power required to drive the pump and (iii). Minimum starting
speed of the pump if the ratio of internal to external diameter is 3

15.

An inward flow reaction turbine has external and internal diameters as 0.9 m and 0.45 m
respectively. The turbine is running at 200 rpm and width of the turbine at the inlet is
200 mm. The velocity of flow through the runner is constant and is equal to 1.8 m/sec. The
guide blades make an angle of 10o to tangent of the wheel and discharge at the outlet of the
turbine is radial. Determine: (i). The absolute velocity of water at inlet of runner, (ii). The
velocity of whirl at inlet, (iii). The relative velocity at inlet, (iv). Mass of water flowing
through the runner per second, and (v). Power developed.

16.

A Kaplan turbine working under a head of 20 m develops 11772 kW shaft power.


The outer diameter of the runner is 3.5 m and hub diameter is 1.75 m. The guide blade
angle at the extreme edge of the runner is 35o. The hydraulic and overall efficiency of the
turbine are 88% and 84% respectively. If the velocity of the whirl is zero at outlet,
determine: (i). Runner vane angle at the inlet and outlet, (ii). Speed of the turbine,
(iii). Specific speed of the turbine.

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