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A layer is a component
of an image. Images
consist of multiple
layers. Layers might be
background, texts,
logos, shapes, pictures,
etc.
The Toolbox
The black triangle on the right bottom of tools means that the toolbox includes additional tools.
To open a sub tool menu you can either right click on it or just keep t and hold it, and then by
clicking on any tool on the menu will be able to change your tool.
Shortcut: Pressing on the shortcut letters on the keyboard
helps us to select the tools swiftly. For additional tools you
have to keep pressing on the shortcut letter.
Adobe Online
Move Tool
Hand Tool
Default Colors
Zoom Tool
Set Foreground and background Colors
Fullscreen Mode with Menubar
Tool Pane
Image Window
Palettes
Photoshop Interface
Close Button
Title Bar
Maximize Button
Minimize Button
Image
Scroll Bars
View Size
Resize Bar
Image Window
Pixel
Rasterizing is the
process of
converting vector
image to raster
images.
Resolution
Anti-Aliasing
One of the most important techniques in making eye-catching and smooth graphics is antialiasing. In the context of rasterizing images, anti-aliasing refers to the reduction of the
jagged borders between colors.
Color Mode
Color mode shows how the colors are recorded in the file. For example;
RGB
CMYK
Gray Scale
Background Contents
Every image by default has a background layer. It is different than any other layer that we
work with.
White
Background Color
Transparent
Three Background
Contents
File Formats
Before you save a file in Photoshop, you should decide which file format you will need. You
can save a file in about 20 different file formats. The most common formats and their usages
are listed below.
Format Layers
Usage
Explanation
PSD
Yes
General (Photoshop
Format)
BMP
No
Windows applications,
wallpapers
EPS
No
Publishing
GIF
No
Due to its low file size, gif is a common web file format
and suitable for animations.
JPG
No
Yes
e-book
TIFF
Yes
Publishing
TIFF and EPS are the two most accepted file formats for
publishing. TIFF also keeps layers information like PSD.
Format
Qulity
Size
PSD
Uncompressed
4050 KB
BMP
24 Bit
672 KB
EPS
1 bit/pixel
1197 KB
GIF
126 KB
JPG
Maximum
302 KB
JPG
High
120 KB
JPG
Medium
69 KB
JPG
Low
57 KB
3469 KB
TIFF
Uncompressed
4194 KB
TIFF
448 KB
Saving Files
Saving a file is very important for Photoshop. In Photoshop, you can save a file in two
different file formats to use in the future. PSD and TIFF are the most important file formats
to keep layer information. You have to save your project in the PSD format to edit in the
future. Select File -> Save As and then choose the file format according to your need.
Browsing Files
Adobe Bridge CS3 is an external program, provided with Adobe Creative Suite 3
components, to organize and browse images easily. From Bridge you can view, search, sort,
filter, manage, and process image, video, and audio files. You can sort images by filename,
document type, date created or modified, file size, and dimension. You can use Bridge to
rename, move, and delete files; edit metadata; rotate images; and run batch commands.
When you rotate an image you only rotate the view of the image. Rotating does not affect
the image data. You can also view files and data imported from your digital still or video
camera.
Sequence
Number:
The
number
Size
Open in Paint?
JPG
PSD
BMP
EPS
GIF
PDF
TIFF
Extract the file seasons.rar. Save the pictures with the name of the seasons on them in TIFF
format.
LAYERS
Layer Essentials
Layers in Photoshop are just like layers of acetate where
each image has its own layer to build up a composite image.
Each layer has its own transparency, position and can be
edited independently.
To display layers
panel click on
Window -> Layers
Layer Window
4
2
3
9
8
11
10
13
12
Layer Palette
Layers
253
Layer menu
New Layer Dialog Box
Renaming a Layer
To rename a layer, simply double click on the layer name and change
its name. On daisies.psd rename the new layer you created as
empty layer.
Moving a Layer
The easiest method to move a selection or a layer
from one document to another is the drag and
drop method. Using the move tools drag and drop
the layer on any part of the other document. You
will see the moved layer on top of all the layers. To
do this both of the documents should be open and
the document windows should be in restore mode.
Open daisies.psd and butterflies.psd. When butterflies.psd is the active window click on
butterfly 1 layer and drag it into daisies.psd, and Save As daisies and butterflies.psd.
254 Layers
Deleting a Layer
To delete a layer we click on Layer -> Delete Layer or we drag and
drop the layer to the trash bin which is located at the right
bottom corner of the panel.
Open the file daisies and butterflies.psd and delete butterfly 2
layer.
Hide/Show Layers
To hide a layer, we first select the layer by clicking on it once then
we follow Layer -> Hide Layers path. The shortest way to hide a
layer is to click on the eye icon on the left side of the layer. To
unhide a layer, we click to Layer -> Show Layers or click on the
empty box on the left side of the layer to bring back the eye symbol
for making the layer visible.
Merging Layers
Sometimes we need to combine all layers in
one layer. This is called "merging layers" in
Photoshop. Merging layers do not change
any effect given to the layers. To merge
layers, we first select the layers by pressing
the Shift key while clicking on them. Then we
follow Layer -> Merge Layers path.
Before Merging
After Merging
Layers
255
Grouping Layers
Grouping layers has two main advantages.
1. Grouped layers can be edited, modified,
moved, given effects together.
To group layers, first we select the layers and click Layer -> Group Layers. The second way is
to drag the selected layers to the Group Layers icon below the Layers panel.
We can hide/show grouped layers by clicking
on the arrow given above.
To move a layer out of a group, drag and drop
the layer above the group folder.
To give a name to a group, same as renaming
layers, double click on the group name and type
it's new name.
Moving layers Out of a Group
256 Layers
Transparent Background
Picture Background
Layers
257
Fill Opacity
While opacity affects the opaqueness of the whole layer
including layer effects, fill only affects the layer content,
but not layer effects.
You see two clocks and their opacity and fill values on the
left. After giving drop shadow effect, we see that because
opacity is applied even to effects the shadow is a bit
lighter than the one on its left.
Layer Order
On layers panel, the layer above is always in front of the other.
258 Layers
red_ulips.psd
Lighten
sea.psd
Vivid Lighten
Layers
259
PRACTICE
1. Positioning Layers
Open the file badge.psd and
make a security officer badge
260 Layers
Keyboard shortcuts
Adobe actually has a comprehensive library of keyboard shortcuts for all their programs.
However we have made a small list of more useful keyboard shortcuts that you will find
useful on your journey as a designer.
SHIFT holding shift while moving and object will ensure that it moves in a straight
line
Ctrl G, this command is for grouping objects
to flip and object
R to rotate an object
Alt Shift ] or [ to move an object to the front or back
Ctrl 2 to lock an object
Its also possible to set your own keyboard shortcuts or import a custom set that others
have set up and optimized for your designing experience.
Introduction to Illustrator
261
Youll notice that when you select a shape and click on your new document that the shape is
stamped onto your page. However if you hold down the click and drag the mouse you can
adjust the size of the shape. You may have also noticed that you can rotate the shape if you
drag it in circles.
Holding down the SHIFT button as you drag your shape will ensure your shape stays
proportional as you change the size of the shape. When you hold down ALT, it centers your
shape in its position while you decide on the size and rotational angle of your shape. Holding
down CTRL will give the shape a similar effect as hold down alt except it lets you position
and angle the shape from the left side
of the shape rather than from the
center. Dont worry about getting your
shape perfect. You can always change
the aspects of your shape later by
clicking on it with the Selection Tool
(located at the top left corner of your
tool palette) and dragging the corners
of the selection box.
It is also possible for you to change the
number of points your shape normally
has by clicking on it with the Shape Tool
and adjusting the points section in the
menu that pops up. This is how you
create freak-of-nature-shapes such as
the 110-point star.
So now we have a shape. Its not quite as beautiful as we would like is it? Luckily, Illustrator
has plenty of tools that will assist you in pimping out your custom shape.
The stroke of the shape can be treated the same way however if you decide not to have a
stroke then just simply click the tiny red striped square below the Stroke tool to cancel out
the stroke.
The Pathfinder palette lets you create new shapes from overlapping objects. Just select the
objects you would like to combine with the Selection tool and click on the effect that you
want in the Pathfinder palette. The palette provides four different effects for shapes. You
can either combine two or multiple shapes into a one unique shape.
Introduction to Illustrator
263
You can also intersect two of the objects or exclude the space in-between them.
Most objects and graphics in Illustrator can be created by combining and transforming
shapes creating enough possibilities to make Picasso jealous.
PRACTICE
Create a project in illustrator that consists of shapes. These shapes should make a meaning
shape (like an animal).
Introduction to Illustrator
265
image
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Sponge Tool
Rectangular Marquee Tool
Magnetic Lasso Tool
Brush Tool
Elliptical Tool
I. Drop shadow
II. Bevel and Emboss
III. Outer Glow
IV. Pattern overlay
a. I-II
b. I-IV
c. I-II-III
d. I-III-IV
e. II-III
15. You
see
a
diamond,
an
empty circle and a
star on the picture
in the right. All
shapes are in
different
layers.
Which one is the correct order of
the layers?
a. Circle, star, diamond
b. Circle, diamond, star
c. Star, diamond, circle
d. Star, circle, diamond
e. Diamond, circle, star