Paper 001001

DESIGNING
THE
COMPOSITION OF CEMENT
SUSPENSION IN DRILLING
CEMENT
ANALYSIS
LABORATORY OF UPN VETERAN YOGYAKARTA
TO OVERCOME OVER-PRESSURE PROBLEM WHILE
TRAJECT PENETRATES DEPTH OF 211.95 FT.
Cementing Engineer Team of PETROFAC Department of Petroleum Engineering, UPN Veteran
Yogyakarta.

Copyright 2015, Cementing Engineering Team of PETROFAC.

This paper was prepared for presentation at the Practicum of Drilling Cement Analysis Responsive,
Yogyakarta, 5 December 2015.
This paper was selected for presentation by Drilling Cement Analysiss program committee following
review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not
been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The
material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or
members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written
consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted
to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain
conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE copyright.
is a representation of real condition in a field.
Abstract
Cementing
operation

will

process
be

faced

while
with

drilling
such

contamination problem by drilling fluid and

formation fluid. Sea water, as formation fluid,
can take apart with drilling fluid inside bore
hole.

Contamination

will

change

cement

properties in subsurface condition. Therefore, it

is necessary to have laboratory testing to
determine how far influences of drilling fluid
and sea water contamination. Laboratory testing

This testing method is analyzing volume

contamination increases to the cement slurry by
4 ml, 8 ml, 12 ml, and 16 ml contaminant
volume. These testing were done by making 8
samples. Its result will be served by graphic and
analyzed by its trendline.
From the result, we can obtain some
influences by contaminant adding to the cement
properties; decreasing its density, yield point,

SPE/IADC 001

and filtration loss; and increasing its plastic

viscosity and free water volume.

INTRODUCTION
Pressure measurement is essential to

Where :

optimized hydrocarbon recovery. Now, accurate

SGS

= cement slurry density

formation pressure can be determined at almost

Wc

= cement powder weight

any time in a wells life cycle. Wether after

Wadd

= additive weight

drilling has done, the cementing job can be

Wwater

= water weight

acquired to help reduce risk of over-pressure

Vc

= cement powder volume

formation. Cement properties are classified as:

Vadd

= additive volume

Vwater

= water volume

Density
Rheology
Free Water
Filtration Loss
Thickening Time
Compressive Strength
Shear bond Strength

Cement slurry density will influential to

the hydrostatic pressure of cement slurry inside
bore hole. If the formation cannot capable
enough to hold cement pressure, it will lead

These testing laboratories will only

formation fracture and cause a lost circulation

discuss and test on density, rheology, free water,

problem. There are two types additive to

and filtration loss. The test was done by mixing

control

the composition of cement by 350 gram cement

weighting agent. Extender can decrease cement

and 110 gram barite

density. For example is bentonite. Weighting

density;

they

are

extender

and

agent can increase cement density. For example

Density

is barite and hematite.

The density of cement plays a significant role

Rheology

both in its prodution and performance. Cement

density is defined as ratio between weight of
cement powder, water, and additive to the total
volume of cement powder, water, and additive.
It can be formulated by:

Rheology of cement slurry test was

done

by

measuring

hydraulic

cementing

operation. Utilizing an exact relationship on

pressure loss estimation caused by friction and
flow regim is very depend on measuring unit as
rheology parameter in laboratory. Rotational
viscometer, or well-known as Rheometer/ Fann
VG Meter, is common to use to measure

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rheology properties.

than its minimum limit, then it will cause a

Plastic viscosity is common described

large friction on annulus while cement slurry is

as resistance to flow caused by mechanical

being pumped. It also will increase annulus

friction. Yield point is part of resistance which

pressure.

is influenced by attractive forces between the

particles

On cementing operation, desired cement

has no permeability, (or at least, make it less).

This force is caused by contents on

particle surface are dispersed on fluid phase.

Whenever cement permeability is too higher, it

will cause a contact between formation fluid

Viscosity and yield point measurement

and annulus. It will influence on decreasing

method by this tool is called 2 point

cement strength, so that, the bonding between

method:

cement and casing turns weaker and its function

as a screen does not work well to prevent
..2

entering corrosive formation fluid.

Filtration Loss

.......3
where:

Filtration loss is a displacement fluid

phase from cement slurry to the permeable and

= plastic viscosity, cp

Yp

= yield point,

porous formation while cementing operation.

Filtrat loss content may not too much, because
cement slurry will be lack of liquid phase. This

= dial reading on 600

phenomenon is common to called with Flash

rpm

Set. If the cement slurry had a flash set, it will

= dial reading on 300

cause a friction on annulus and also formation

rpm

fracture.
On primary cementing, filtration loss

Free Water
Free water is amount of water which is
separated from cement slurry. If free water
contents are higher than its maximum limit,
then it will form pores whenever cement slurry
is being thick. It will lead high cement
permeability. If free water contents are lower

content which is allowed is around 150 250

cc, measured by 30 minutes, using 325 mesh
sieve and pressure 1000 psi. Filtration loss
content which is allowed on squeeze cementing
is around 55 65 cc for 30 minutes
Filtration loss can be determined by
filtrat volume which is contained on a tube or

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measuring glass for 30 minutes. When testing

density, both teoritical and practice. The error

time does nit rach 30 minutes, filtration loss can

percentage is slight enough. Density of its

be determined by a formula:

contaminant self is 8.6 ppg, measured by mud

balance tool, while the density of cement
slurry without any contaminant is 15.6 ppg.

..
4

So, when contaminant was added to the base

dimana :

cement slurry, it will decrease the its density.

F30

= filtrate on 30 minutes, ml

And also function from bentonite that can

Ft

= filtrate on t minute(s), ml

descrease density,and compotition water that

= testing time, menit

high ini this compound that maked density is

descrease.

Testing
Method

Cement Slurry

Cement
Properties
Testing

DISCUSSION Base cement slurry Density

On this laboratory testing, it involves a

mixture between base cement slurry and

Rheology
Free Water
On this laboratory testing, it involves
Filtration a
Loss and
mixture between base cement slurry

contaminant (base mud and sea water), with a

contaminant (base mud and sea water), with a

water + 10 ml sea water

composition:

For base cement slurry: 600 gr cemen + 276 ml

For contaminant: 22.5 gr Bentonite + 350 ml

water

Density

Contaminant

Rheology

water + 10 ml sea water

composition:
For contaminant: 22.5 gr Bentonite + 350 ml

Then, we need to add a contaminant to

For base cement slurry: 350 gr Semen + 161 ml

the base cement slurry, as much as 4 ml, 8 ml,

water

12 ml, and 16 ml. Its result can be saw on

Then, we need to add a contaminant to

table.2,graphic 4,graphic 5, and graphic 6.

the base cement slurry, as much as 4 ml, 8 ml,

Based on the rheology test, plastic

12 ml, and 16 ml. Its result can be saw on

viscosity is tending to increase, while yield

table.1,graphic.1,graphic 2, and also graphic

point is tending to decrease. This increasing

3.

plastic viscosity is caused by total solid of a

From the results, it can be determined

that contaminant will cause decreasing of

mixture is higher. And this decreasing yield

point is cause by a higher amount of water

SPE/IADC 001

content from the mud contamination and sea

For contaminant: 22.5 gr Bentonite + 350 ml

water.

water + 10 ml sea water

Free Water

For base cement slurry: 600 gr Cement + 276

On this laboratory testing, it involves a

ml water

mixture between base cement slurry and

Then, we need to add a contaminant to

contaminant (base mud and sea water), with a

the base cement slurry, as much as 4 ml, 8 ml,

composition:

12 ml, and 16 ml. Its result can be saw on

For contaminant: 22.5 gr Bentonite + 350 ml

table.4,graphic 10,graphic 11, and graphic

water + 10 ml sea water

12.

For base cement slurry: 350 gr Cement + 161

From the results, it can be determined

that contaminant will cause decreasing of

ml water
Then, we need to add a contaminant to
the base cement slurry, as much as 4 ml, 8 ml,
and 12 ml. Its result can be saw on
table.3,graphic 7, graphic 8, and graphic 9.

filtration loss. The error percentage is very

enough or be able to be assumed as zero. It is
caused by bentonite content from mud which
can absorb the water. Ability from contant
chloride that can hidrate water.

From the free water content testing, it is

obtained a tend to increase to contaminant
adding. It is caused by this contaminant
contents sodium chloride from the sea water
which has a feature to hydrate water content.
And also property from bentonite that can
absorbed water, but, in this cause maybe
bentonite has been reaction with base mud, so
when

contaminant

with

seawater

cannt

absorbed perfecltly.
Filtration Loss
On this laboratory testing, it involves a
mixture between base cement slurry and
contaminant (base mud and sea water), with a
composition:

CONCLUTION
1. Contaminant (base mud + sea water ) is
decreasing density
2. Contaminant (base mud + sea water ) is
increasing plastic viscosity and decreasing
yield point
3. Contaminant (base mud + sea water ) is
increasing free water content

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4. Contaminant (base mud + sea water ) is

decreasing filtration loss content

Mohammed.

MudFacts

.Drillingppffiles.com

REFERENCES
________,

Baking

Rubiandini, Rudi, Teknik Pemboran

2013,

Buku

Panduan

Praktikum Analisa Semen Pemboran,

Laboratorium

Teknik

Perminyakan,

UPN Veteran Yogyakarta.

Lanjut, ITB, Bandung.

Smith,

Dwight.:

Services.(1990).

Cementing

Halliburton

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Table 1. Density Measuring Result

Contaminant
(Mud
+
Sea
water)
Contamin
C 600
0 ml
ant
4 ml
(Mud
+
8 ml
Sea
12 ml
water)
16 ml
0 ML
165
4 ml
133
8 ml
118
12 ml
104
16 ml
126

Density
measuring
C ppg
300
15.6
15.4 ppg
15.2 ppg
15.1 ppg
15 ppg
143
88
80
65
74

Plastic
Viscosity (cp)

Yield
Point
(lb/100
ft2)

165-143 =22
133-88 =45
118-80 =38
104-65 =39
126-74 =52

143-22 =121
88-45 =43
80-38 =42
65-39 =26
74-52 =22

Table 3. Free Water Measuring Result

Contaminant
(
Mud
Seawater )
FreeWater

0 ml

4 ml

8 ml

12 ml

2 ml

5 ml

3.6 ml

6 ml

Table. 4 Filtration Loss Measuring Result

Contaminant
Filtration
loss Filtration
(
Mud
+ measuring
theory
Seawater )
0 ml
104 ml
103.99 ml
4 ml
131.4 ml
131.39 ml
8 ml
76 ml
75.99 ml
12 ml
90 ml
89.99 ml
16 ml
73 ml
72.99 ml

loss %
Error
0.0096 %
0.0076 %
0.0132 %
0.01 %
0.014 %

Table 2. Rheology
Measuring Result

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Grafik Densitas Vs Kontaminan

16
15.5
Densitas (ppg)

15

Grafik Densitas
Vs Kontaminan
Linear (Grafik
Densitas Vs
Kontaminan)

14.5
0 1020
Kontaminan ( ml )
Graphic 1

Density Vs SeaWater
15.5
Density,ppg

Density

15
14.5
0

Linear (Density)
10 20

Seawater,ml
Graphic 2

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Grafik Density Vs Contaminant Bentonite

15.6
15.4
15.2

Density

15

Density (ppg)

Linear (Density)

14.8
14.6
14.4

4 8 12 16

Bentonite (gr)
Graphic 3

Grafik Rheology Vs Kontaminan

Rheology

Kontaminan Vs
PV

Linear
(Kontaminan Vs
PV)

Kontaminan Vs
Yp

Linear
(Kontaminan Vs
Yp)

Kontaminan ( ml )

Graphic 4

Rheology Vs Seawater
60
Rheology

PV

40

Linear (PV)

20

YP

0
0

Linear (YP)
5

10 15 20

Sewater,ml
Graphic 5

10

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Rheology Vs Kontaminan
12
10
8
YP

Rheology

Linear (YP)

PV

Linear (PV)

4
2
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Kontaminan
Graphic 6

Kontaminan Vs Free Water

7
6
5

Kontaminan Vs
Free Water

4
Free Water (ml) 3

Linear
(Kontaminan Vs
Free Water)

2
1
0
0 5 10 15
Kontaminan (ml)

Graphic 7

FreeWater Vs Sewater
15
FreeWater

10
Freewater,ml

Linear
(FreeWater)

5
0
0

10 15

Sewater,ml

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Graphic 8

Grafik Free Water Vs Contaminant Bentonite

3.5
3
2.5
2
Water
(ml)1.5
Free Free
Water
(ml)
1
0.5
0

Linear (Free Water (ml))

16

Bentonite (gr)
Graphic 9

Kontaminan Vs filtration loss

150
100
Filtration Loss (ml) 50
0

Kontaminan Vs
filtration loss
Linear
(Kontaminan Vs
filtration loss)

10
0 20

Kontaminan (ml)
Graphic 10

Filtration Loss Vs Sewater

150
100
Filtration Loss,ml

50
0
0 1020
Sewater,ml

Graphic 11

Filtration Loss
Linear (Filtration
Loss)

12

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Grafik Plastic Viscosity (cp) Vs Contaminant Bentonite (ml)

100
80
60
Plastic Viscosity (cp) 40
20
0
Bentonite (gr)
Graphic 12

Plastic Viscosity
(cp)
Linear (Plastic
Viscosity (cp))