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Instrumentation Diagram
Piping and instrumentation diagram, also called P&ID, illustrates the piping processes and
interactions with other installed equipment and instrumentation. P&IDs are often used in the
process industry to show the process flow and other installed equipment and instrument.
Piping and instrumentation diagram plays a crucial role in the design and engineering of process
plants and piping systems, by showing the interaction of process used to control the process.
P&ID is a schematic illustration of functional relationship of piping, instrumentation and system
equipment components
defines the measured or initiating variables such as Analysis (A), Flow (F), Temperature (T), etc.
with succeeding letters defining readout, passive, or output functions such as Indicator (I),
Recorder (R), Transmitter (T), etc.
Below are some piping and instrumentation diagram symbols with letters.
P&ID is a very common term used in the world of process industries. A process engineer in a
manufacturing plant need to create new and/or modify the already existing P&ID to the as-is
plant modifications. All the Chemical Engineering and related Engineering students have also
learned about it or at least heard. A P&ID is a detailed graphical representation of a process
including the hardware and software (e.g., piping, equipment, instrumentation) necessary to
design, construct and operate the facility. As defined in the PIC001: Piping and Instrumentation
Diagram Documentation Criteria by Process Industry Practice (PIP) - a consortium of process
industry owners and engineering construction contractors who serve the industry.
A P&ID Should Include:
Miscellaneous - vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, increasers and
swagers;
Flow directions;
Interconnections references;
Seismic category;
Quality level;
Annunciation inputs;
Control relays;
Manual switches;