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What is Plagiarism?

Plagiarism is the act of taking another person's writing, conversation, song, or even idea and passing it
off as your own. This includes information from web pages, books, songs, television shows, email
messages, interviews, articles, artworks or any other medium. Whenever you paraphrase, summarize, or
take words, phrases, or sentences from another person's work, it is necessary to indicate the source of
the information within your paper using an internal citation. It is not enough to just list the source in a
bibliography at the end of your paper. Failing to properly quote, cite or acknowledge someone else's
words or ideas with an internal citation is plagiarism. Examples of Plagiarism
Plagiarism is when you copy someone's work and try to pass it off as your own. Plagiarism can be a
violation of copyright laws and can be considered cheating, resulting in you getting a failing grade or even
being kicked out of school. Students can plagiarize, but so can anyone who submits any type of writing.
Plagiarism In Everyday Writing
Here are some examples of plagiarism:

A writer decides that he wants to create an Internet website to generate ad revenue. Instead of
writing his own articles, he visits twenty other websites that have articles on the topic in which he is
interested. He copies each of the articles, changes the titles and the authors' names to his name and
posts the articles on his own website.
An academic is expected to publish papers but he doesn't have time to research because of
family obligations. He looks through old professional journals in another country and he copies a 10year-old article from someone else in the field. He submits the article as his own and hopes that no
one finds the article from which he copied.
A student is expected to write a book report about a book that his teacher has assigned. The
student doesn't want to read the book and is bored with the subject. He visits websites that provide
reviews and book reports and he copies from each of the different book reports to create one report
of his own.
A student is expected to write a research paper on a topic in his history class. The student had a
friend who took a similar class five years ago. The student asks his older friend for a copy of his
paper and then takes the paper and passes it off as his own, turning it in to the teacher with his name
on it.
A student takes a large block of text from a book and quotes it in his paper word-for-word. The
student puts a footnote into the paper indicating where the text came from; but, the student does not
give any indication in the text that he or she is quoting directly from the paper.

Plagiarism Can Be Just Changing Some Words


Plagiarism does not have to be word-for-word plagiarism either. If you copy someone's ideas, paraphrase
or simply change the words of existing text, you must provide proper attribution for the source of the
ideas.
For example, consider this original passage:
The legal system is made up of civil courts, criminal courts and specialty courts such as family law courts
and bankruptcy court. Each court has its own jurisdiction, which refers to the cases that the court is
allowed to hear. In some instances, a case can only be heard in one type of court. For example, a
bankruptcy case must be heard in a bankruptcy court. In other instances, there may be several potential

courts with jurisdiction. For example, a federal criminal court and a state criminal court would each have
jurisdiction over a crime that is a federal drug offense but that is also an offense on the state level.
If someone paraphrased or simply changed the words, as follows, this would be an example of
plagiarism:
The legal system is comprised of criminal and civil courts and specialty courts like bankruptcy and family
law courts. Every one of the courts is vested with its own jurisdiction. Jurisdiction means the types of
cases each court is permitted to rule on. Sometimes, only one type of court can hear a particular case.
For instance, bankruptcy cases an be ruled on only in bankruptcy court. In other situations, it is possible
for more than one court to have jurisdiction. For instance, both a state and federal criminal court could
have authority over a criminal case that is illegal under federal and state drug laws.

What is Paraphrasing?
We've all watched television shows or heard news stories we wanted to tell others about. We may have
told our friends, our family, or our coworkers about what happened, how it happened, and why it
happened. We recounted the storyline, the main characters, the events, and important points using our
own words. This isparaphrasing - using your own words to express someone else's message or ideas. In
a paraphrase, the ideas and meaning of the original source must be maintained; the main ideas need to
come through, but the wording has to be your own.

How do you paraphrase a source?

Read the original two or three times or until you are sure you understand it.

Put the original aside and try to write the main ideas in your own words. Say what the source
says, but no more, and try to reproduce the source's order of ideas and emphasis.

Look closely at unfamiliar words, observing carefully the exact sense in which the writer uses the
words.

Check your paraphrase, as often as needed, against the original for accurate tone and meaning,
changing any words or phrases that match the original too closely. If the wording of the
paraphrase is too close to the wording of the original, then it is plagiarism.

Include a citation for the source of the information (including the page numbers) so that you can
cite the source accurately. Even when you paraphrase, you must still give credit to the original
author.

Examples
Paraphrasing can be done with individual sentences or entire paragraphs. Here are some examples.

Original sentence:
Her life spanned years of incredible change for women.
Paraphrased sentence:
Mary lived through an era of liberating reform for women.
Original sentence:
Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay, and they can consume 75 pounds of food a day.
Paraphrased sentence:
A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia leaves and hay every day.
Okay, now you try it. Here's your original sentence:
Any trip to Italy should include a trip to Tuscany to sample its exquisite wines.
Now, pause the video and see how you would paraphrase that. Here's how I would have paraphrased
that sentence:

What is SUMMARIZING?
To answer questions such as "What was the movie about?", "What did I miss in class today" you must be
able to summarize. The person who asked you these questions does not want to know every detail. You
are only required to select the important details and summarize them. Similarly, in your studies in the
university you will have various opportunities to summarize the texts you have read.

You may use summarizing as a useful study technique: you may write down the main points of
a writer's article and learn the material you need.

You may also be assigned to write summaries by your instructors so that they can check
whether you have read the assigned passages.

Most often, summaries are also included in other types of writing and academic papers. In a
research paper you revise and summarize information on the topic under study. In an
argumentative essay you may summarize texts and research findings that support your thesis.

Here in the prep school our aim is to prepare you for your future studies. Therefore, you should learn how
to summarize texts in an acceptable and successful manner.
Examples
Language Arts
Here's a lesson plan for helping students learn to summarize using Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs.

See example >


Math
Here are a handful of ideas for including summarizing skills in math lessons that promote problem-solving
skills.
See example >
More examples

Artistic Summary

Paper Bag Reports

Somebody/Wanted/But/So

Story Wheel

More summarizing activities

And more summarizing activities

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