PRINCIPLES IN

M A T H E M A T I C S

1    1 



!

    




  

ALGEBRA

PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS UAE CHAPTER

CIVIL ENGINEERING BOARD EXAM 2013 PREPARATION

PRINCIPLES IN

M A T H E M A T I C S

1    1 



!

    




  

PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS UAE CHAPTER

CIVIL ENGINEERING BOARD EXAM 2013 PREPARATION

PRINCIPLES IN

M A T H E M A T I C S

1    1 



!

    




  

QUADRATIC FORMULA
2

For the quadratic equation Ax + Bx + C = 0



    


Where B2 4AC is called the discriminant

2
If B 4AC = 0, the roots are equal
2
If B 4AC > 0, the roots are real, unequal
2
If B 4AC < 0, the roots are imaginary

PROPERTIES OF ROOTS
2

If the roots of the quadratic equation Ax + Bx + C = 0 are x1 and x2, then;

!

Sum of roots,  +  = "

Product of roots,   =

"
#

PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS UAE CHAPTER

CIVIL ENGINEERING BOARD EXAM 2013 PREPARATION

PRINCIPLES IN

M A T H E M A T I C S

1    1 



!

    




  

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION, AP

GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

A sequence of numbers in which the difference of any two adjacent terms

is constant

A sequence of numbers in which any two adjacent terms has a

common ratio.

Ex. 11, 14, 17, 20, 23 (common difference = 3)

Ex. 2,8,32, 128 (common ratio = 4)

Elements:

nth term of GP


 $%&'( ()&*
  +(, ()&*
-  +. ()&* /)$0&) 
1  20**0+ 1%$$)&)+2), 1    
=   

4  '5* 0$ 66 ()&*'

7   :7 9: 7  ; :7;
common ratio, : 
Sum of n terms of GP
@  

nth term of AP
7  

 7  8 9: 7  ;  7  ;8

  :7 
:

7

7?

ABC7 : D
EFGH I J

SUM OF INFINITE GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION, IGP

Sum of n terms of AP
4 

@  

:7  



For a geometric progression where 0 < r < 1 and n = infinity




   0& 4 

<2
 +  11>

@K; 9L MNO 

PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS UAE CHAPTER

CIVIL ENGINEERING BOARD EXAM 2013 PREPARATION