2011 AR 103

History of

Architecture
CLASS 27

Nipun George
SCMS School of Architecture, Karukutty, Kochi.

MODULE 2

a. Neolithic Age / Bronze Age

b. Iron Age 1300BC 0AD

Iron Age 1300BC 0AD

ASIA

EUROPE

AMERICA

AFRICA

HOLICITY VARANASI
(1200 BC)

MINOAN CULTURE
(2700 BC 1450BC)

POVERTY POINT
(1650 BC 700BC)

IRON AGE EGYPT

(1500BC 0AD)

EASTERN ZHOU
DYNASTY
(1046BC 256BC)

HATTUSAS
(2000 BC 1200BC)

MACHALILLA
CULTURE
(1500BC 1100BC)

THE GREAT SUN

TEMPLE AT AMARNA
(1353BC 1336 BC)

NEO ASSYRIAN
EMPIRE
(911BC 609 BC)
TEMPLE OF
SOLOMON
(~950BC)
BUDDHA PERIOD
MAURYAN EMPIRE
ASHOKA PILLAR
(approx.300BC)

GREEK CULTURE
(900BC )

OLMEC CULTURE
(1500 BC 400BC)
PRECLASSIC MAYA
CULTURE
(1000BC 250 AD)

Greek Culture 900BC

Mycenaean Civilization
~1500 BC

Geometric Period (Greek Dark Ages)

900 BC 700 BC

Archaic Period (Ancient Period)

800 BC 480 BC

Classical Period
510 BC 323 BC

Hellenistic Period
323 BC 31 BC

Hellenistic Period
the architecture of cities and the architecture of
palaces or temples were quite distinct (in classical
period).
In Hellenistic cities, urbanism and architecture
begin to overlap Theaters, temples, villas,
palaces, libraries, stadia, and streets are all
equally important.
Major cities Priene, Pergamon, Alexandria,
DuraEuropos, Delos, and Rhodes.

Cities
Delos

GoodTrading relations with

Egypt and other states.
a holy place, the birthplace of
Apollo and Artemis.
A mercantile hall 60 by 35 m
was built in 210 BCE , with
houses for the merchants.

Mercantile Hall in Delos.

Plan of 2 houses in
Delos.

Cities
Priene

Cities
Pergamon

had an acropolis
At the heart stood a temple
to Athena.
farther up is the military zone
of the acropolis with its
storehouses, officers housing,
barracks.
Theater (greatest acheivement
of the period) forms the part of
natural contour.
Below the Athena temple is
the Altar of Zeus.

Greek Architecture
Agora

"gathering
place" or
"assembly"
open air
meeting place
for primarily
business
central spot in
ancient Greek
citystates

Greek Architecture
Stoa

Covered
colonnaded
walkway or
portico,
commonly for
public use.
created a safe,
enveloping,
protective
atmosphere.

Greek Architecture
Stadion
Foot
racecourse, later
developed for
general
athletics.
set into side of
hill for
spectators
ground long
straight parallel
sides
terminating at
the far end in a
semicircle.

Greek Architecture
Theatres
Circular space orchestra (stage and semicircle shaped
auditorium (hollowed out from hill)
tiers of seat cut into rock.
conduct drama in the form of dancing and chanting.

Greek Architecture
Tholos
Circular
buildings
covered by
conical roof
used for
dwellings,
tombs and
shrines.
Tholos as
Delphi with
Doric Columns.