Obektno-Orientirovannoe Myshlenie PDF

32.988.02-018.
1
004.43
1
- . .: , 2014. 304 .: .
( ).
ISBN 978-5-496-00793-1
- , C++, Java, C#, Visual Basic, .NET, Ruby Objective-C. ,
-, JavaScript, Python PHP.
- , , ,
, . , ,
(, Objective-C, VB .NET, C++, C#, .NET Java)
(, UML), ,
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12+ ( 29 2010 . 436-.)

32.988.02-018.1
004.43
Addison-Wesley Longman. .
.
, , , . , ,

, .
ISBN 978-0321861276 .
ISBN 978-5-496-00793-1

Copyright 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.

, 2014
,
, 2014

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public class Circle extends Shape{
double radius;
45
public Circle(double r) {
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using System;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class TestPerson
49
,
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Person joe = new Person();
joe.Name = "joe";
Console.WriteLine(joe.Name);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
public class Person
{
//
private String strName;
private String strAddress;
//
public String Name
{
get { return strName; }
set { strName = value; }
}
public String Address
{
get { return strAddress; }
set { strAddress = value; }
}
}
}
TestShape: C# .NET
using System;
namespace TestShape
{
class TestShape
{
public static void Main()
{
Circle circle = new Circle(5);
Console.WriteLine(circle.calcArea());
Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(4, 5);
50
1. -
Console.WriteLine(rectangle.calcArea());
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
public abstract class Shape
{
protected double area;
public abstract double calcArea();
}
public class Circle : Shape
{
private double radius;
public Circle(double r)
{
radius = r;
}
public override double calcArea()
{
area = 3.14 * (radius * radius);
return (area);
}
}
public class Rectangle : Shape
{
private double length;
private double width;
public Rectangle(double l, double w)
{
length = l;
width = w;
}
public override double calcArea()

{
area = length * width;
return (area);
}
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: Addison-Wesley Professional, 2005.
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. -
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71
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72
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dbName = name;
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.. //
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73
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77

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Java:
try {
//
count = 0;
count = 5/count;
} catch(ArithmeticException e) {
//
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
count = 1;
}
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79

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80
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81

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83

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C# .NET. Java, .
TestNumber: C# .NET
using System;
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{
class Program
{
{
}
}
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{
int count = 0; // : method1 method2
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{
count = 1;
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}
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90
4.
JAVA-
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C#, .NET, VB .NET, Objective-C
C++ - , Smalltalk.
Cabbie
.

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JAVA C#
Java C# . Java (/***/)
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*/
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, . Cabbie
91
companyName name, , Cab,

Cabbie. , companyName :
private static String companyName = "Blue Cab Company";
: private static.
private ,
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500,
companyName (.4.2).
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name , Cabbie:
92
4.
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myCab . Cab

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private Cab myCab;

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Cabbie. Cab
Cabbie. Cab.
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:
public Cabbie() {
name = null;
myCab = null;
}
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name myCab null:
name = null;
myCab = null;
NULL
null .
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93
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null,
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name myCab:
public Cabbie(String iName, String serialNumber) {
name = iName;
myCab = new Cab(serialNumber);
}
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Cab
. .4.3 , Cab myCab. . ,
public. , ,
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Cab.
94
4.
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private, - . , , ,
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set get, :
// name, Cabbie
public void setName(String iName) {
name = iName;
}
// name, Cabbie
95

public String getName() {
return name;
}
Supervisor
Cabbie name (.4.4). ,
Supervisor ;
Cabbie. . ,
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96
4.
// name, Cabbie
public static String getCompanyName() {
return companyName;
}

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giveDestination,
, :
public void giveDestination (){
}
, . ,

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97

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public, .

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private void turnRight(){
}
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}
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...
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turnLeft();
...
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,
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.
98
4.
. -
, . Java (Java
C# .NET. Java, .
TestCab: C# .NET
using System;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class TestPerson
{
{
Cabbie joe = new Cabbie("Joe", "1234");
Console.WriteLine(joe.Name);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
public class Cabbie
{
private string _Name;
private Cab _Cab;
public Cabbie() {
_Name = null;
_Cab = null;
}
public Cabbie(string name, string serialNumber) {
_Name = name;
_Cab = new Cab(serialNumber);
}
//
99
,
public String Name
{
get { return _Name; }
set { _Name = value; }
}
}
public class Cab
{
public Cab (string serialNumber) {
SerialNumber = serialNumber;
}
// get, set
public string SerialNumber { get; private set; }
}
}
5.

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, , , C++: 50 (Effective
C++: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs).
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name Cabbie, Cabbie
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int temp=0;
public int swap (int a, int b) {
temp = a;
a=b;
b=temp;
109

return temp;
}
}
? , ,
temp swap().
, . , temp swap():
public class Math {
public int swap (int a, int b) {
int temp=0;
temp = a;
a=b;
b=temp;
return temp;
}
}

Java
(Java Primer Plus) , , .
.
, . print
circle, (.5.6):
print(circle);
print, draw . ( -
if/else) , ,
. :
printCircle(circle);
printSquare(square);
case :
110 5.
switch (shape) {
case 1: printCircle(circle); break;
case 2: printSquare(square); break;
case 3: printTriangle(triangle); break;
default: System.out.println(" .");break;
}
.5.6. - ,
print
- .
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shape.print(); //
shape.print(); //
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111

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public class DataBaseReader {
private String db[] = { "Record1",
"Record2",
113

"Record3",
"Record4",
"Record5"};
private boolean DBOpen = false;
private int pos;
DBOpen = true;
}
public void close(){
DBOpen = false;
}
public void goToFirst(){
pos = 0;
}
public void goToLast(){
pos = 4;
}
public int howManyRecords(){
int numOfRecords = 5;
return numOfRecords;
}
public String getRecord(int key){
/* */
return db[key];
}
public String getNextRecord(){
/* */
return db[pos++];
}
}
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148 7.
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152 7.
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162 8.
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, , , , , , - , ,
. ,
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.
, , PapasPizza .
,
. , , , .
PapasPizza. 2.01papa.
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DadsDonuts. , PapasPizza , DadsDonuts . , , PapasPizza,
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testDonutShop, , Shop,
.
172 8.
, testPizzaShop testDonutShop
getInventory() buyInventory().
, , Shop, getInventory() buyInventory(). .
, . Java . , .

, .
, ( Nameable) .
-
:

Nameable, ;
Shop, ;
CustList, ;
Shop ,
.
UML
Shop .
.8.7: getInventory() buyInventory()
DonutShop PizzaShop Shop.
, , Shop,
Shop (, GroceryShop). Shop ,
:
public abstract class Shop {
CustList customerList;
public void CalculateSaleTax() {
}
public abstract String[] getInventory();
public abstract void buyInventory(String item);
}
173

.8.7. UML- Shop
, , Shop CustList. , CustList Shop:

public class CustList {
String name;
public String findCust() {return name;}
public void addCust(String Name){}
}
, Nameable:
public abstract String getName();
public abstract void setName(String name);
}
,
() . . , . DonutShop:
public class DonutShop extends Shop implements Nameable {
String companyName;
174 8.
String[] menuItems = {
"",
"",
" ",
"",
""
}
public String[] getInventory() {
return menuItems;
}
public void buyInventory(String item) {
System.out.println("\n " + item);
}
return companyName;
}
public void setName(String name){
companyName = name;
}
}
PizzaShop :
public class PizzaShop extends Shop implements Nameable {
String companyName;
String[] foodOfferings = {
"",
"",
" ",
"",
""
}
public String[] getInventory() {
return foodOfferings;
}
175

public void buyInventory(String item) {
System.out.println("\n " + item);
}
return companyName;
}
public void setName(String name){
companyName = name;
}
}
,
,
(Shop) (PizzaShop, DonutShop). - .
(Shop). , Shop getInventory() buyInventory().
getName() setName() ,
Nameable.
,
, . .
Shop. Shop,
, , :
DonutShop myShop= new DonutShop();
PizzaShop myShop = new PizzaShop ();
?
. Java, :
String className = args[0];
Shop myShop;
myShop = (Shop)Class.forName(className).newInstance();
className ( className, ).
176 8.
Shop ( , ,
).
class TestShop {
public static void main (String args[]) {
Shop shop = null;
String className = args[0];
System.out.println(" :" + className + "\n");
try {
// new pizzaShop();
shop = (Shop)Class.forName(className).newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
e.printStackTrace();
String[] inventory = shop.getInventory();

//
for (int i=0; i<inventory.length; i++) {
System.out.println("" + i+ " = " + inventory[i]);
}
//
shop.buyInventory(Inventory[1]);
}
}
,
PizzaShop, DonutShop. GroceryShop,

. .
,
.
, . ,

.
177
,
9 - , , ,
.
. Objective-C
(Visual Quickstart Guide, Objective-C). : Peachpit Press, 2010.
, ., ., .,
. - (Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications).
C# .NET. Java-,
.
TestShop: C# .NET
using System;
namespace TestShop
{
class TestShop
{
{
Shop shop = null;
Console.WriteLine(" PizzaShop:" + "\n");
shop = new PizzaShop();
string[] inventory = shop.getInventory();
//
for (int i= 0; i< 5; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("" + i+ " = " + inventory[i]);
}
178 8.
//
shop.buyInventory(inventory[1]);
}
}
public abstract class Shop {
public void CalculateSaleTax() {
}
public abstract string[] getInventory();
public abstract void buyInventory(string item);
}
string getName();
void setName(string name);
}
public class PizzaShop : Shop , Nameable
{
string _CompanyName;
string[] foodOfferings = {
"",
"",
" ",
"",
""
}
public override string[] getInventory() {
return foodOfferings;
}
public override void buyInventory(string item) {
179
,
Console.WriteLine("\n " + item);
}
public string getName(){
}
return _CompanyName;
public void setName(string name){

}
_CompanyName = name;
}
public class DonutShop : Shop , Nameable {
string _CompanyName;
string[] menuItems = {
"",
"",
" ",
"",
""
}
public override string[] getInventory() {
return menuItems;
}
public override void buyInventory(string item) {
Console.WriteLine(string.format("\n {0}.", item);
}
public string getName(){
}
return _CompanyName;
public void setName(string name){
_CompanyName = name;
9.

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Person, Employee Person.
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187

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Employee), Spouse . ,
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188 9.
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(Object-Oriented Design in Java)
, , ,
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JobDescription;
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Child.
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Division.
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189
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190 9.
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, (, 0 ) ?
Employee:
import java.util.Date;
public class Employee extends Person{
private String CompanyID;
private String Title;
191
:
private Date StartDate;
private
private
private
private
Spouse spouse;
Child[] child;
Division division;
JobDescription[] jobDescriptions;
public String getCompanyID() {return CompanyID;}

public String getTitle() {return Title;}
public Date getStartDate() {return StartDate;}
public void setCompanyID(String CompanyID) {}
public void setTitle(String Title) {}
public void setStartDate(int StartDate) {}
}
, , -, :
private Child[] child;
private JobDescription[] jobDescriptions;

,
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: Owner ,
walkDog.
192 9.
.9.8.
, Dog Mammal. Dog Mammal .9.9.

Nameable , Dog,
Dog Nameable.
.9.9. UML- Dog
. Dog Head ,
Head Dog. , ,
193
, , Dog
Head.
Dog Owner . Owner,
, Dog ,
. Dog Owner
walkDog. , ,
Dog Owner, , Dog , (, , , , ).
, , , , - .
HEAD?
, , , Head Mammal,
Dog, . Dog ,
Head Dog.
,
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, ., ., .,
. - (Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications).

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10.

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UML- ,
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UML,
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UML- - , , , .
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UML
UML, , .
UML. (The UML User Guide) UML
, , , . UML
. , UML
- .
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195

UML ,
(Grady Booch), (James Rumbaugh) (Ivar Jacobson),
. Rational Software
, ,
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,
UML.
UML -
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(What the UML Is and Isnt) :
, UML, , UML-, , - .
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UML- .
UML ,
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- , .

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(, ).
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.10.1. UML- Cabbie
196 10.
UML- Java-:
/*
Cabbie Cab
*/
public class Cabbie {
// companyName
private static String companyName = "Blue Cab Company";
// name, Cabbie
// Cab, Cabbie
// Cabbie
public Cabbie() {
name = null;
myCab = null;
}
// Cabbie
public Cabbie(String iName, String serialNumber) {
Name = iName;
}
// name, Cabbie
public void setName(String iName) {
name = iName;
}
// name, Cabbie
return name;
}
// giveDirections Cabbie
public void giveDirections(){
}
// turnRight Cabbie
private void turnRight(){
}
// turnLeft Cabbie
private void turnLeft() {
197

}
// companyName
public static String getCompanyName() {
return companyName;
}
}
, UML- . , ,
. , , .
.
.
, .
, . Cabbie:
-companyName:String
-name:String
String. :
, ( String). , int float, :
-companyNumber:float
-companyAge:int
, , . ,
private (), . (+)
, public. , private.
, public, private .
, , , . , .
198 10.
Cabbie, , (, public, private):
+Cabbie:
+giveDirections:void
+getCompanyName:String
public ( ). private,
. , .
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+getCompanyName( ):String
:
+getCompanyName(1, 2, 3):String
, ,

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(, ) .

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+companyAge:int
companyNumber ,
- . companyAge ,
.
, ,
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companyNumber:float
companyAge:int
199
Java protected. ,
. Java- ,
.
MSDN- Microsoft, .NET
:
public
, ;
private
;
protected
;
internal ,
. Objective-C ( @public ) ( @private ).
Objective-C ,
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7. GoldenRetriever Dog, .10.2. UML ,
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,
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200 10.
Java,
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.NET Objective-C. C++
.
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. ,
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C++, , , .
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201
8. Dog Mammal
Nameable.
.10.4. UML- , Canine
.10.5. UML-
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(-
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202 10.
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Radio.
, ,
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203
.10.7. UML-,
.10.8. UML-,
, , -
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204 10.
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Scanner, Keyboard Mouse.
, Computer (.10.9).
.10.9. UML-,
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, , . Computer , Motherboard, RAM .. (.10.10).
.10.10. UML-,
.
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205
, ,
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Spouse.
( ,
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Employee Child ,
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Employee Division , .
.
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Employee
JobDescription.
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1...n. ,
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206 10.

, , . .
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UML- ,
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, ( ).
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- ,
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UML , , -
. , , :
? UML , .
- (, UML), (, Java). , C++ Java,
UML. ,
, ,
- .
, - . , -
. , , . - .
. UML 24 (Teach Yourself UML

in 24 Hours). 3-. : Sams Publishing, 2006.
., . . UML. (The UML

User Guide). 2-. : Addison-Wesley, 2005.
207
. - UML Java (Practical Object-Oriented Development

with UML and Java). --: Prentice-Hall, 2003.
. UML- (The Elements of UML Style). : Cambridge University Press, 2003.
. UML (What the UML Is and
Isnt) / Java Report. 1999. 4(5). . 2024.
11.

: XML JSON
-
.
. , . .
, Java
, .
- Java ,
Java. .NET
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Objective-C.) - . ,
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- , Java, VB C#, - , XML JSON, . XML JSON
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209

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Oracle . , SQL Server
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Oracle.
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XML-
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Recipe Markup Language (RecipeML). RecipeML XML, .. RecipeML
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( ), ,
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210 11. : XML JSON

, XML .
.11.1. XML
XML
XML . , ,
HTML. SGML . , SGML
1970-, 1980-.
HTML .
, . HTML , . HTML
SGML,
, SGML.
, SGML , . , HTML .
, XML .
1997 SGML. XML
, HTML, . XML . (W3C)
,
. -
W3schools (http://www.w3schools.com/).
, XML
- , -,
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, XML (JSON).
211
XML HTML
Java ,
( Oracle). .NET
( Microsoft), Objective-C( Apple). XML , . ,
, . , XML .
XML HTML
XML ,
HTML. , SGML,
XML . HTML XML . HTML, CSS ( ),
, XML . ,
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XML HTML. ,
. XML , HTML, , .
HTML- . , <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY> ..,
HTML. .
HTML , .
XML . . (DTD).
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. XML- . XML- ,
. , .

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XML- , .
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DTD.
, , <PurchaseOrder> .
, , , <PurchasOrder>,
.
212 11. : XML JSON

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<FONT> </FONT>. </FONT>, ,
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XML - , .
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, . , .

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XML-,
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, , .11.1.
,
.
11.1. ,
supplier
name
<companyname>
address
<street>
<city>
<state>
<zip>
product
<type>
<price>
<count>
214 11. : XML JSON

(DTD)
XML- . XML- , , .
, . ,
, , supplier, , . , , . ,
, . 11.1.
11.1.


<!ELEMENT supplier ( name, address)>
<!ELEMENT name ( companyname)>
<!ELEMENT companyname ( #PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address ( street+, city, state, zip)>
<!ELEMENT street ( #PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city ( #PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT state ( #PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip ( #PCDATA)>
, XML- . , HTML-. XML-:


XML- ,
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XML-.
:
<!ELEMENT supplier ( name, address, product)>
supplier.
, supplier name, address product.
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supplier, name, address product.
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<companyname>:
215
(DTD)
<companyname> ,
#PCDATA:
.
supplier.dtd. . .11.3
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XML-, ,
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, XML- , . ,
. , DTD.

<!ELEMENT supplier ( name, address)>
<!ELEMENT address ( street+, city, state, zip)>
<!ELEMENT street ( #PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city ( #PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT state ( #PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip ( #PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT product ( type, price, count)>
<!ELEMENT type ( #PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT price ( #PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT count ( #PCDATA)>
216 11. : XML JSON

PCDATA
PCDATA
, . ,
, .

XML-
, ,
XML-. , , .
.11.2 , XML-. - ,
, address name.
11.2.
supplier
name
<companyname>
address
<street>
-, 12000
<city>
<state>
<zip>
24388
<type>
<price>
50.00
<count>
20
product
XML-,
, .
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. beta.xml.
.11.4. XML-
217
XML-
, suppli
er.dtd, :
<!DOCTYPE supplier SYSTEM "supplier.dtd">
.11.4, , .
,
- . , , .
- .
<address> ,
. <street> ,
. , <street> , <address>:
<address>
<street>-, 12000</street>
XML-.
, XML- .
XML Notepad , ,
Microsoft.
XML NOTEPAD
, - XML Notepad. .
XML Notepad XML-. XML

Notepad, beta.xml. .11.5 , ,
beta.xml XML Notepad. ,
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218 11. : XML JSON

XML Notepad , <supplier>.
, , ,
- .

,
supplier. , ,
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er.dtd. .11.6 , XML Notepad.
.11.6. gamma.xml, XML Notepad
, beta.xml gamma.xml supplier.dtd.

: , , XML- supplier.dtd? . gamma.xml, ,
:
<name>
<companyname> </companyname>
</name>
supplier.dtd.
.11.7. ,
, , . XML-,
.
219
XML-
.11.7. ( )
, supplier.dtd.
, ? gam
ma.xml XML-, , W3schools
(www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_validator.asp). , .11.8. XML- , , .
.11.8. gamma.xml, W3schools
220 11. : XML JSON

XML-
XML- . XML-
W3schools .
,
supplier.dtd, . , .
,
. , XML-
, ,
. ,
<address>.
, HTML. , ,
XML- ,
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.11.9. gamma.xml ( ),
Internet Explorer
, , , . , ,
, XML . ,
XML ( ). HTML , XML
221
CSS
, ,
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: XML
Notepad supplier ?
: XML Notepad -
, , .
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CSS
.
,
.
, , XML-,
.
, XML ,
HTML, . XML HTML
.
XML ,
XML-.
CSS . CSS
HTML . CSS
XML-. , XML supplier <companyname> , <street> , <city> ,
<state> <zip>. , , .11.3, ,
XML-
.
11.3. CSS-

(font-family)
(font-size)
(color)
(display)
<companyname> Arial; sans serif
24
blue
block
<street>
Times New Roman;

serif
12
red
block
<city>
Courier New; serif
18
black
block
<state>
Tahoma; serif
16
gray
block
<zip>
Arial Black; sans serif
green
block
CSS
:
222 11. : XML JSON

companyname{font-family:Arial, sans-serif;
font-size:24;
color:blue;
display:block;}
street {font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;
font-size:12;
color:red;
display:block;}
city {font-family:"Courier New", serif;
font-size:18;
color:black;
display:block;}
state {font-family:"Tahoma"; serif;
font-size:16;
color:gray;
display:block;}
zip {font-family:"Arial Black", sans-serif;
font-size:6;
color:green;
display:block;}
,
XML-:
<?xml-stylesheet href="supplier.css" type="text/css" ?>
, , : Arial Black 6, . display:block

.
:
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="supplier.css" type="text/css" ?>
<!DOCTYPE supplier SYSTEM "supplier.dtd">

<supplier>
<name>
</name>
<address>
<street>-, 12000</street>
<city></city>
<state></state>
<zip>24388</zip>
</address>
</supplier>
CSS- XML- . .11.10.

.11.9, ,
CSS.
223
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
.11.10. XML- CSS

, XML ,
, . , ,
. , ,
, ,
Perl, . , .
XML , , JavaScript Object Notation
( JavaScript) .
W2schools (http://www.w3schools.com/json/default.asp) JSON :
JSON ;
JSON ;
JSON .
* JSON JavaScript- ,
. JSON-
JSON- .
, JSON
, JavaScript. ,
224 11. : XML JSON

W3shoools, JavaScript- eval() JSON-
JavaScript-.
;
eval().
,
, XML-,
, JSON-. ,
JSON-, W3schools:
{
"employees": [
{ "firstName":"" , "lastName":"" },
{ "firstName":"" , "lastName":"" },
{ "firstName":"" , "lastName":"" }
]
}
, JSON- , . , JSON-
/. , JSON , ,
W3schools. ,
, (http://www.w3schools.com/json/json_
intro.asp):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2> JSON- JavaScript</h2>
<p>
: <span id="jname"></span><br />
: <span id="jage"></span><br />
: <span id="jstreet"></span><br />
: <span id="jphone"></span><br />
</p>
<script type="text/javascript">
var JSONObject= {
"name":" ",
"street":"-, 555",
"age":33,
"phone":"5551234567"};
document.getElementById("jname").innerHTML=JSONObject.name
document.getElementById("jage").innerHTML=JSONObject.age
document.getElementById("jstreet").innerHTML=JSONObject.street
document.getElementById("jphone").innerHTML=JSONObject.phone
</script>
</body>
</html>
225
JSON- W3SHOOLS
, , W3shools,
. , ( ..), . , ,
- . ,
.
, XML-, , JSON:
var address= {
"street":"-, 23456",
"city":"",
"state":"",
"zip":"24388"
};
JSON- JavaScript-
/, . .11.11
, JSON- HTML.
.11.11. HTML- JSON-
, JSON- ,
XML- ,
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
226 11. : XML JSON

<head>
<style type="text/css">
companyname{font-family:Arial, sans-serif;
font-size:24;
color:blue;
display:block;}
street {font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;
font-size:12;
color:red;
display:block;}
city {font-family:"Courier New", serif;
font-size:18;
color:black;
display:block;}
state {font-family:"Tahoma"; serif;
font-size:16;
color:gray;
display:block;}
zip {font-family:"Arial Black", sans-serif;
font-size:6;
color:green;
display:block;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>
<street> <span id="jstreet"></span><br /> </street>
<city> <span id="jcity"></span><br /> </city>
<state> <span id="jstate"></span><br /> </state>
<zip> <span id="jzip"></span><br /> </zip>
</p>
<script type="text/javascript">
var address= {
"street":"-, 23456",
"city":"",
"state":"",
"zip":"24388"
};
document.getElementById("jstreet").innerHTML=address.street
document.getElementById("jcity").innerHTML=address.city
document.getElementById("jstate").innerHTML=address.state
document.getElementById("jzip").innerHTML=address.zip
</script>
</body>
</html>
227
W3schools , .11.12.
.11.12. HTML/CSS- JSON-

W3schools
, , XML-
Internet Explorer .11.10, JSON-.
; JSON- ( HTML) Internet Explorer. .11.13.
.11.13. JSON- XML-
, XML JSON -
, .
, , , , .
228 11. : XML JSON

, JSON,
, XML, ,
.
XML, ,
, .
,
, XML. JSON.
XML, JSON ,
.
- ,
, -
-, .
, - , .
-
.
, ,
XML JSON. ,
, XML JSON,
, . ,
. CSS ,
XML-.
. - (Responsive Web Design). : ABook Apart, 2011.
http://www.w3schools.com/json/default.asp.
. JavaScript (JavaScript for

Programmers). --: Pearson Education, Inc, 2010.
. - XML (The Web WizardsGuide to

XML). : Addison-Wesley, 2003.
. XML 10 (Teach Yourself XML

in 10 Minutes). : Sams Publishing, 2003.
. XML: Web Warrior (XML: Web

Warrior Series). : Course Technology, 2003.
. XML (Real World XML). : New

Riders, 2003.
12.
:
,

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:
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230 12.
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C, , /. Java ,
232 12.
Stream. Stream
Serializable, Externalizable.
, Java, . Java . ,
XML-
XML-.
.
Java Java,
XML- .NET- C#.

Java- Person:
package Serialization;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
class Person implements Serializable{
public Person(){
}
public Person(String n){
System.out.println(" Person");
name = n;
}
String getName() {
return name;
}
}
, ,
.
, , Seriali
zable. Java, , Serializable
, :
class Person implements Serializable
getName, .
, Serializable,
, . .
233

,
. SavePerson :
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SavePerson implements Serializable{
public SavePerson(){
Person person = new Person(" ");
try{
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Name.txt");
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
System.out.print(" : ");
System.out.println(person.getName());
oos.writeObject(person);
oos.flush();
oos.close();
} catch(Exception e){
}
}
}
Java, , ,
() .
JAVA-
, ,
-, , , .
, . ? ,
. .
1. Person.
2. .
3. Name.txt.
:
oos.writeObject(person);
, . .
234 12.

,
, . ,
.
, , .
.
. .
:
;
, .
, . ,
,
.
, , , .
SavePerson Name.txt.
:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class RestorePerson{
public RestorePerson(){
try{
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("Name.txt");
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
Person person = (Person )ois.readObject();
System.out.print(" : ");
System.out.println(person.getName());
ois.close();
} catch(Exception e){
}
}
}
,
Name.txt:
Person person = (Person )ois.readObject();
, ,
Person . Person
235

Person, SavePerson . .12.3 SavePerson ,
RestorePerson.
.12.3.
, .12.3 Jack Jones, Person, Name.txt , RestorePerson.

, Person.
?
, ,
: , , ?
, , , , .
?
Java . ,
, , Java .
.
, Person SavePerson
RestorePerson Person.
Person, ,
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, , . - ,
.
236 12.
XML

,
. XML ,
XML- , ,
,
. XML-, , , C# .NET. ,
XML- ,
Java .
XML- Java ,
XML-.
Person. Person;

.
C#-. Person .
, XML (, , ..),
XML.
, XmlRoot, XmlAttribute XmlElement
. :
[XmlRoot("person")]
public class Person
...
[XmlAttribute("name")]
public String Name
...
[XmlElement("age")]
public int Age
,
. , , ,
. , , ,
. , ,
(, , ) . ,
,
. XML-
, .
, XML- Name :
237
XML
public String Name
{
get
{
}
set
{
}
}
, , ,
:
public String Name;
, String,
Name XML-, Name .
- ;
( ,
).
Name , :
this.Name = name;
set .
( , CC++). ( )
Name ( ), .
inline.
XML- Person Java. :
public void Serialize()
{
Person[] myPeople = new Person[3];
myPeople[0] = new Person(" ", 32, 95);
myPeople[1] = new Person(" . ", 35, 67);
XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person[]));
TextWriter myWriter = new StreamWriter("person.xml");
mySerializer.Serialize(myWriter, myPeople);
myWriter.Close();
}
,
Java- XML:
238 12.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ArrayOfPerson xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Person name=" ">
<age>32</age>
</Person>
<Person name=" . ">
<age>35</age>
</Person>
<Person name=" . ">
<age>65</age>
</Person>
</ArrayOfPerson>
:
public void DeSerialize()
{
Person[] myRestoredPeople;
XmlSerializer mySerializer = newXmlSerializer(typeof(Person[]));
TextReader myReader = new StreamReader("person.xml");
myRestoredPeople = (Person[])mySerializer.Deserialize(myReader);
Console.WriteLine(" :");
foreach (Person listPerson in myRestoredPeople)
{
Console.WriteLine(listPerson.Name + " " + listPerson.Age
+ " .");
}
Console.WriteLine(" , ...")
Console.ReadKey();
}
, foreach. C#
.
,
, XML-
, XML-, Java. Java- ,
. XML-
Java.

, , , - . , , ,
. ,
.
239

, . Oracle
SQL Server Microsoft Access,
.
,
, .
,
, , , -
.
. .12.4 Microsoft Access.
, . -
. .12.4
Northwind, Microsoft Access.
.12.4.
, 1990-
- .
- , : .

, . , .
, ,
.
.
240 12.
, - .
, . .
, ,
, . ,
,
,
. .
-, ,
,
, , . -,
, ,
. -,
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. . ,
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. :
;
;
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. ,
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SQL
SQL .
, .
SQL. .12.5 /
.
Java
Microsoft Access. Java JDBC ( Java) .
241

.12.5. /
,
. . ,
, ,
, , . .
.
, ,
.
, .
Microsoft Open Database
Connectivity (ODBC) .
Java2 (Java 2
Platform Unleashed), ODBC-
,
.
API- ODBC, ,
. .12.6.
, ODBC .
.12.6. / ODBC
API-. ODBC, ,
, . , ODBC, , Microsoft
Access Oracle.
.12.5, SQL-
. Java JDBC .
242 12.
, JDBC -. , JDBC . ODBC , .12.7.
.12.7. / ODBC/JDBC
, , .
, , . , ,
Java2 (Java2 Platform Unleashed).
. - ,
, .
,
.
, , , , , ,
.
.
.
. Java (Absolute Java). 3-. : AddisonWesley, 2008.

. ASP.NET 3.5 (ASP.NET 3.5 Unleashed). : Sams Publishing, 2008.
. C#. : ,
C#2 3 (C# in Depth: What You Need to Master C# 2 and 3).
: Manning, 2008.
243
,

. -
Web Warrior (The Web Warrior Guide to Web Database Tech
nologies). : Course Technology (Cengage), 2004.
. C# . (C# for Experienced
Programmers). --: Prentice Hall, 2003.
. Visual Basic .NET (Visual Basic .NET
for Experienced Programmers). --: Prentice Hall, 2003.
. Java Enterprise. (Java Enterprise in aNutshell).
: OReilly, 1999.
. Java (Java Distributed Computing).
: OReilly, 1998.
Oracle: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index.html
C# .NET. Java, .
Person: C# .NET
// Person
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
namespace CSSerial
{
[XmlRoot("person")]
public class Person
{
private int intAge;
private int intScore;
public Person()
{
this.Name = " ";
this.Age=25;
this.Score=50;
}
public Person(String name, int age, int score)
244 12.
{
this.Name = name;
this.Age = age;
this.Score = score;
}
public String Name
{
get
{
}
set
{
}
}
[XmlElement("age")]
public int Age
{
get
{
return this.intAge;
}
set
{
this.intAge = value;
}
}
[XmlIgnore()]
public int Score
{
get
{
return intScore;
}
set
{
this.intScore = value;
}
}
}
}
// CSSerial
using System;
245
,
using
using
using
using
System.Collections;
System.IO;
System.Xml;
System.Xml.Serialization;
namespace CSSerial
{
class Program
{
{
Program myProgram = new Program();
}
public Program()
{
Serialize();
DeSerialize();
}
public void Serialize()
{
Person[] myPeople = new Person[3];
myPeople[0] = new Person(" ", 32, 95);
TextWriter myWriter = new StreamWriter("person.xml");
mySerializer.Serialize(myWriter, myPeople);
myWriter.Close();
}
public void DeSerialize()
{
Person[] myRestoredPeople;
TextReader myReader = new StreamReader("person.xml");
myRestoredPeople = (Person[])mySerializer.Deserialize(myReader);
Console.WriteLine(" :");
foreach (Person listPerson in myRestoredPeople)
{
Console.WriteLine(listPerson.Name + " " + listPerson.Age
+ " .");
}
Console.WriteLine(" , ...");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
13.
-,

, , ,
, .
- , ,
.
, ,
, ,
.
( 1990-), -
Smalltalk 1980-1990-,
C++ 1990-. C++
. Java, , -
. , .NET Objective-C, -
. , .

, .
, . , ,

. ,
. COBOL,
,
.
,
247

, - . .

.
,
. , ,
:
HTML;
EDI;
;
CORBA;
DCOM;
XML;
SOAP;
-;
ReST.

-
. , Java, .NET Objective-C, , .
- ,
. , C++
- ,
,
- .
- C,
C++. , , JavaScript, VBScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, Perl
Python.

- . , . -
, , .
, ,
,
, , -.
/. .13.1 .
248 13. -,
.13.1. /
, / .
, , ,
, -. .
, -,
:

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.13.2. HTML-
249

HTML-;
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), .
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250 13. -,

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JavaScript, ,
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-. - - . , , -
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HTML. HTML ,
. ,
HTML if . ,
HTML
. .
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, - , . HTML JavaScript. -
:
<html>
<head>
251
JavaScript
<title> </title>
<script type = "text/javascript">
function validateNumber(tForm) {
if (tForm.result.value != 5 ) {
this.alert (" 5!");
} else {
this.alert (". !");
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<hr>
<p>
<h1></h1>
<form name="form">
<input type="text" name="result" value="0" SIZE="2">
<input type="button" value="" name="calcButton"
onClick="validateNumber(this.form)">
</form>
<hr>
</body>
</html>
, JavaScript-
HTML-. ,
. Java C# , ,
JavaScript . JavaScript-
(,
jQuery).
JAVA JAVASCRIPT
Java JavaScript C, .
-
(.13.3).
, . , 5. 5,
,
(.13.4).
5, ,
, .
JavaScript, :

HTML-.
252 13. -,
.13.3. JavaScript
.13.4. JavaScript
,
JavaScript.
validateNumber():
<script type = "text/javascript">
function validateNumber(tForm) {
if (tForm.result.value != 5 ) {
253
-
this.alert (" 5!");
} else {
this.alert (". !");
}
}
</script>
JAVASCRIPT-
,
, JavaScript,
.
.
HTML-:
<input type="button" value="Validate" name="calcButton"
onClick="validateNumber(this.form)">
, , validateNumber().
-
HTML- . ,
JavaScript . HTML-.
.
.
,
PowerPoint Flash.
, -.
JavaScript-
, Java
Script-, . ,
validateNumber(). , , , .., , .
- , :
textbox;
button;
form.
. ,
color button label.
254 13. -,
, form , .
, - ( ). , value
textbox ( result) form ( tForm):
if (tForm.result.value != 5 )
, alertbox .
this :
this.alert (". !");
THIS
, this , form.
JavaScript . .13.5
.
.13.5. JavaScript-
, JavaScript . , , Date .
255
-
, getHours()
getMinutes(). . Date:
<html>
<head>
<title> Date</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language="JavaScript" type = "text/javascript">
days = new Array ( "", "", "",
"", "", "",
"", "");
today=new Date
document.write(" " + days[today.getDay()]);
</script>
</body>
</head>
</html>
, Array,
, .
today, , .
-
.
-
HTML- .
- .
<object>. Slider, -. HTML- , :
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<object classid="clsid:F08DF954-8592-11D1-B16A-00C0F0283628" id="Slider1"
width="100" height="50">
<param name="BorderStyle" value="1" />
<param name="MousePointer" value="0" />
<param name="Enabled" value="1" />
<param name="Min" value="0" />
256 13. -,
<param name="Max" value="10" />
</object>
</body>
</html>
, , .13.6.
, . , height width, , . , <object>.
.13.6. -

, ,
. Internet Explorer8 Windows7.
<object>
.
, , ,
.
, HTML-
, <object>. , :
<html>
<head>
257
-
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<object
classid="clsid:22D6F312-B0F6-11D0-94AB-0080C74C7E95">
<param name="FileName" value="fanfare.wav" />
</object>
</body>
</html>
, .
( .wmv) <object>.
,
-:
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<object
classid="clsid:22D6F312-B0F6-11D0-94AB-0080C74C7E95">
<param name="FileName" value="AspectRatio4x3.wmv" />
</object>
</body>
</html>
Flash
, Flash- <object>:
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<object width="400" height="40"
classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
codebase="http://download.macromedia.com
/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#4,0,0,0">
<param name="SRC" value="intro.swf">
<embed src="bookmark.swf" width="400" height="40"></embed>
258 13. -,
</object>
</body>
</html>

, .

, .
?
,
. ,
, , ,
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259

( ),
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, , - .
, CORBA ,
, 1990-. ,
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Common Object Request Broker

Architecture(CORBA)
,
. ,
260 13. -,
, .
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.

. ; ,
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. ,
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) ,
1990-.
CORBA : , CORBA
.
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CORBA , DCOM, .
CORBA ( Java- RMI), , ,
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, ( - ).
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261

.13.8.
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(Object Management Group OMG), : CORBA-
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.., . , -, . , ..

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, , , ,
262 13. -,
. CORBA , . CORBA- ,
8. CORBA-
(IDL). , ,
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, IDL.
, , . ,
, : , ,
, ,
. , ,
IDL,
.
, CORBA-,
, (Object Request
Broker ORB). , , , ORB CORBA.
CORBA-.
, .
- , CORBA , .
, -
, :
, IDL,
CORBA.
:
, , IDL-, ( ),
.
, IDL,
, 8. UML-,
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Inventory, - :
interface Inventory {
string[] getInventory ();
string[] buyInventory (in string product);
}
, ,
. :
263

, ;
, .
IDL- ,
. .13.9 , CORBA.
.13.9. CORBA
, ,
, , . (
). ,
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, .

TCP/IP
HTTP , , TCP/IP
(Internet Inter-ORB Protocol IIOP) , .
IIOP , CORBA Java RMI.
-
,
CORBA, DCOM RMI. , , - , , SOAP, XML, .
264 13. -,
.13.10. ,
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(Simple Object Access Protocol ).
SOAP . SOAP ,
XML. SOAP
HTTP,
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HTTP XML. ,
SOAP : SOAP XML
.

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( ), . , , .
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SOAP , XML
265

CORBA DCOM.
, XML
12.
, CORBADCOM- . ,
, . , ,
, SOAP, , - .
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DCOM, Enterprise
JavaBeans CORBA,
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SOAP, , ,
HTML, ,
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DCOM, Enterprise JavaBeans,
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SOAP-
, SOAP-,
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SOAP
, ,
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Warehouse.
, , ,
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.13.11 .

.13.11. SOAP-
266 13. -,
mwsoap.xml XML- ,
-. Invoice.xsd :
<xs:schema targetNamespace="http://ootp.org/invoice.xsd"
elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns="http://ootp.org/invoice.xsd"
xmlns:mstns="http://ootp.org/invoice.xsd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/
XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="Invoice">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="Address" minOccurs="1">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence />
<xs:attribute name="Street" type="xs:string" />
<xs:attribute name="City" type="xs:string" />
<xs:attribute name="State" type="xs:string" />
<xs:attribute name="Zip" type="xs:int" />
<xs:attribute name="Country" type="xs:string" />
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="Package">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence />
<xs:attribute name="Description" type="xs:string" />
<xs:attribute name="Weight" type="xs:short" />
<xs:attribute name="Priority" type="xs:boolean" />
<xs:attribute name="Insured" type="xs:boolean" />
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string" />
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
Invoice.xsd , Invoice
.
, . , Invoice.xsd Invoice Address Package.
, Address Package , Description, Weight
.. , ,
string, short .. .13.12 ,
.
Invoice.xsd , ,
mwsoap.xml , . , , , , C# .NET, VB .NET, ASP.NET Java, Invoi
ce.xsd XML-,
267

.
Invoice.xsd, mwsoap.xml .
Invoice.xsd - , , 8.
.13.12. Invoice.xsd ( )
mwsoap.xml SOAP/XML:
<soap:envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/06/soap-envelope">
<soap:Header>
<mySOAPHeader:transaction xmlns:mySOAPHeader="soap-transaction"
soap:mustUnderstand="true">
<headerId>8675309</headerId>
</mySOAPHeader:transaction>
</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
<mySOAPBody xmlns="http://ootp.org/Invoice.xsd">
<invoice name=" ">
<address street="-, 475"
city=""
state=""
zip="23654"
country=""/>
<package description="22- "
weight="22"
priority="false"
insured="true" />
268 13. -,
</invoice>
</mySOAPBody>
</soap:Body>
</soap:envelope>
-

. C# .NET , Invoice, Address Package.
, .
SOAP/XML-.
XML-,
(.13.13). , .
.13.13. SOAP/XML-
, , ,
, .
, .
.
C# .NET , ,
.13.12.
Invoice.cs. C# .NET-
Invoice, .13.12:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
namespace WebServices
{
[XmlRoot("invoice")]
public class Invoice
{
public Invoice(String name, Address address, ShippingPackage package)
269

{
this.Name = name;
this.Address = address;
this.Package = package;
}
public String Name
{
get { return strName; }
set { strName = value; }
}
private Address objAddress;
[XmlElement("address")]
public Address Address
{
get { return objAddress; }
set { objAddress = value; }
}
private ShippingPackage objPackage;
[XmlElement("package")]
public ShippingPackage Package
{
get { return objPackage; }
set { objPackage = value; }
}
}
}
Representational State Transfer (ReST)

, ,
.
, Java .NET,
Perl PHP, XML JSON .. -
.
, CORBA, SOAP,
. , Representational State
Transfer ( ), ReST,
.
, SOAP-
(
SOAP-), ReST
HTTP , SOAP.
ReST ,
HTTP. HTTP ,
270 13. -,
, ReST, ReST.
ReST ,
HTTP- , , . ReST
-, , , SOAP,
. , ReST
-.
, XML ( ReST ). .13.14 , HTTP-/
ReSTful-.
.13.14. - ReSTful
SOAP , , , ReSTful-
XML-. SOAP, ReST, XML.
, ReST- - .
ReST , -
, ,
.
,
-. , - (, JavaScript-), , , ,
.

. ;
SOAP XML
.
271

. C#. : ,
C# 2 3 (C# in Depth: What You Need to Master C# 2 and 3).
: Manning, 2008.
. - UML (Building
Web Applications with UML). : Addison-Wesley, 2000.
14.
-
13 . , . /.
13 ( ). ,
/
. ,
- .
-
,
.
, / , .
/
, XML , . ,
,
SOAP/XML.
/.
XML. .
Java , Java, .
XML C# .NET.

Java , . ,
.
273

, .
.14.1.
.14.1. /
, . .
.

TextMessage name message.
.
TextMessage :
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class TextMessage implements Serializable {
public String name;
public String message;
// TextMessage
TextMessage(String n) {
message = " ";
name= n;
}
// -
return name;
}
// -
public String getTextMessage() {
return message;
}
// -
274 14. -
public void setTextMessage(String inTextMessage) {
message = inTextMessage;
}
}
. name
message .
Java.

TextMessage , .
.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
.
.
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
/*
* TextMessage
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] arg) {
try {
String message = " ";
String name = " ";
System.out.print(", : ");
name = getString();
// TextMessage
TextMessage myTextMessage = new TextMessage(name);
System.out.print(": ");
message = getString();
275

// TextMessage
myTextMessage.setTextMessage(message);
//
Socket socketToServer = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 11111);
// ObjectOutputStream
ObjectOutputStream myOutputStream = new
ObjectOutputStream(socketToServer.getOutputStream());
// myTextMessage object OutputStream
myOutputStream.writeObject(myTextMessage);
//
myOutputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(e);}
}
public static String getString() throws Exception {
// ( 'stdin')
BufferedReader stdin =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in), 1);
String s1 = stdin.readLine();
return (s1);
}
}
, ,
. ,
:
Socket socketToServer = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 11111);
, IP-
, .
IP- 127.0.0.1 , ,
. , . , .
IP- . ,
, .
IP-.
276 14. -
IP-, .
11111.
: , , .
,
, .
, ,
, .
, .

.
1. .
2. 11111.
3. .
4. / .
5. TextMessage.
6. .
:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
/*
* TextMessage
*/
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] arg) {
// ,
TextMessage myTextMessage = null;
try {
// 11111
ServerSocket myServerSocket = new ServerSocket(11111);
System.out.println("\n");
// ,
Socket incoming = myServerSocket.accept();
// ObjectInputStream
ObjectInputStream myInputStream = new
277

ObjectInputStream(incoming.getInputStream());
//
myTextMessage = (TextMessage)myInputStream.readObject();
System.out.println(myTextMessage.getName() + " : "
+ myTextMessage.getTextMessage()+ "\n");
//
myInputStream.close();
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
, . , ,
.
, . ,
,
, .
/

/
,
.
,
.
. ,
, . , ,
. ,
.
,
, . .14.2 , .14.3
. - , ,
. , .
,
, . , ,
, (
), , ,
.
278 14. -
.14.2.
.14.3.

, ,
Java- . , Java-, .
. , , server.bat, server :
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_35\bin\java" Server
, :
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_35\bin\javac" Client.java
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_35\bin\javac" Server.java

.
, XML, ,
.
XML- , ,
. , ,
.14.4.
279

.14.4. XML- /
,
,
XML- .
Chec
kingAccount.

XML- CheckingAccount , , , XML-
( 11). C# .NET
CheckingAccount:
using
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Collections;
System.IO;
System.Xml;
namespace Server
{
[XmlRoot("account")]
public class CheckingAccount
{
private String _Name;
private int _AccountNumber;
[XmlElement("name")]
public String Name
{
get { return _Name; }
set { _Name = value; }
}
[XmlElement("account_num")]
public int AccountNumber
{
280 14. -
get { return _AccountNumber; }
set { _AccountNumber = value; }
}
public CheckingAccount()
{
_Name = " ";
_AccountNumber = 54321;
Console.WriteLine(" !");
}
}
}

, , ,
, XML- .
, .NET- (C# VB) XML. Java. ,
XML-, ,
.
.
, C# .NET- .

.
1. CheckingAccount.
2. .
3. XML-.
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .

. C# .NET:
using
using
using
using
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Collections;
System.IO;
System.Xml;
System.Net.Sockets;
System.Net;
System.Text;
namespace Client
{
281

class Client
{
public static void Connect()
{
CheckingAccount myAccount = new CheckingAccount();
try
{
// TCP-
TcpClient client = new TcpClient("127.0.0.1", 11111);
// CheckingAccount
// XML-
XmlSerializer myXmlFactory =
new XmlSerializer(typeof(CheckingAccount));
// TCP-
NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
// TCP-
myXmlFactory.Serialize(stream, myAccount);
//
stream.Close();
client.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(": {0}", ex);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}

(
) . ,
.
1. CheckingAccount.
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
282 14. -
C# .NET :
using
using
using
using
using
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Text;
System.Net.Sockets;
System.Net;
System.Xml;
System.IO;
System.Runtime.Serialization;
namespace Server
{
class Server
{
public Server()
{
TcpListener server = null;
TcpClient client = null;
try
{
//
server = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"),
11111);
server.Start();
//
Byte[] bytes = new Byte[256];
//
while (true)
{
//
client = server.AcceptTcpClient();
//
NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
//
int i;
while ((i= stream.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length)) != 0)
{
// ,
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(bytes);
//
XmlSerializer myXmlFactory =
new XmlSerializer(typeof(CheckingAccount));
// CheckingAccount
283

myRestoredAccount =
(CheckingAccount)myXmlFactory.Deserialize(ms);
// ,
Console.WriteLine(": {0}, : {1}.",
myRestoredAccount.Name,
myRestoredAccount.AccountNumber);
//
throw new Exception("");
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
if (!ex.Message.Equals(""))
{ Console.WriteLine(": {0}", ex); }
}
finally
{
//
client.Close();
server.Stop();
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
/

Visual Studio
C#. NET, , :
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Text;
System.Threading;
namespace Server
{
class Program
{
{
Server server = new Server();
}
}
}
284 14. -
/. . Java
,
.
.NET ( C#, VB). XML
Java.
, 11 13, , , XML, , .

. C#. : ,
C# 2 3 (C# in Depth: What You Need to Master C# 2 and 3).
: Manning, 2008.
. Java Enterprise. (Java Enterprise in aNutshell).
: OReilly, 1999.
. Java (Java Distributed Computing).
: OReilly, 1998.
Oracle: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index.html.
Java C# .NET.
15.

,
. ,
, ,
, .
-, -. - .
,
. ,
, ,
, , .
, Mammal,
, Dog, Cat ..,

. , Dog, Cat, Squirrel
, . , , , , , ,
, .

, .
, .
( , , 1995).
, , - .
,
. -
,
.

. ,
,
, - .
286 15.
, - , -
. (Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable
Object-Oriented Software), (Erich
Gamma), (Richard Helm), (Ralph Johnson)
(John Vlissides). , , , (GoF Gang of Four).
, (

). (, ), ,
.

, , .
. (Christopher
Alexander) : , , (APattern
Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction), ,
, , , .

.
, -
, . . .
, ,
.
.
.
, . -
. , .
, . ,
, .
, , ,
. ,
, ,
287
// Smalltalk
. , , ( ) .
.
,
, , .
,
.
. -
,
, .
.
//
Smalltalk
//
(Model/View/Controller MVC), Smalltalk ( - ). // .
Smalltalk. , Smalltalk .
SMALLTALK
Smalltalk Xerox PARC.
, . C++ , ,
Smalltalk, - . C++
- ,
Smalltalk .
: , , (APattern Language:
Towns, Buildings, Construction) //
:
, , , .
, ,
, . ,
. // , .
, ,
. .15.1 ,
//.
288 15.
.15.1. //
, -
.
.
. , ,
( ). // ,
.
,

- , .
// , - ,
. , , - , .
,
- . ,
- -,
. ,
-,
,
, -. , , ,
.
//
, ,
, .
, , , .
//
//
, , -
289

. ,
- , ,
. :
, ?

: , , (APattern Language: Towns,
Buildings, Construction) 23, ,
. C++,
Smalltalk. ,
C++ Smalltalk. 1995- , Java
. , ,
.
Java.
, , . : , , (APattern Language: Towns,
Buildings, Construction), , ,
. .
,
. , .

.

, .
,
, .
,
, .

:
Abstract factory ( );
Builder ();
Factory method ( );
Prototype ();
Singleton ().
290 15.
, ,
, . . ,
Singleton ().
Singleton (). (.15.2) ,
. , ,
Counter , ,
, , -
Counter. ,
,
.
.15.2. Singleton ()
, ,
.
, , ,
Factory (), Abstract Factory ( ) Bridge ().

, - ,
. , ,
, ,
static ..
.15.3 UML- Singleton,

- .
(Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software).
uniqueInstance, Singleton, Instance(). ,
, - .
.15.3. UML- Singleton
291

, Singleton,
Instance(). , -
- . ,
Instance(), .
Java- Singleton:
public class ClassicSingleton {
private static ClassicSingleton instance = null;
protected ClassicSingleton() {
// ,
}
public static ClassicSingleton getInstance() {
if(instance == null) {
instance = new ClassicSingleton();
}
return instance;
}
Counter , :
public class Counter
{
private int counter;
private static Counter instance = null;
protected Counter()
{
}
public static Counter getInstance() {
instance = new Counter ();
System.out.println(" \n");
}
return instance;
}
public void incrementCounter()
{
counter++;
}
public int getCounter()
{
return(counter);
}
}
292 15.
, , .
Counter. :
public static Counter getInstance() {
instance = new Counter ();
System.out.println(" \n");
}
return instance;
}
, , instance null, , .
Counter. instance null, ,
Counter, .
.

Singleton. , Singleton, .
, , , , Singleton .
:
public class Singleton
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Counter counter1 = Counter.getInstance();
System.out.println(" : " + counter1.getCounter() );
}
}
COUNTER
, Counter . ,
Counter ,
.
Singleton Counter. , :
. getInstance(). .15.4 ,
. ,
293

. counter2 , counter1.
.15.4. Singleton Counter
, counter1 counter2 . :
public class Singleton
{
{
counter1.incrementCounter();
}
}
.15.5 Singleton. ,
counter1 ,
2. counter2
, counter1,
3 (2+1).
.15.5. Singleton Counter
294 15.

, ,
, Java- . Singleton,
Singleton.bat, Singleton :
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_35\bin\java" Singleton

.
:
Adapter ();
Bridge ();
Composite ();
Decorator ();
Facade ();
Flyweight ();
Proxy ().
Adapter
(). . , .
Adapter (). ,
.
. , , (
)
. Java- Integer,
. , . , - .
Java , , .., .
- , , . . ,
:
int myInt = 10;
Integer:
Integer myIntWrapper = new Integer (myInt);
,
:
String myString = myIntWrapper.toString();
295

, .
, Adapter () , MailTool. , , , .
, ,
, . ,
, API- .
:
package MailTool;
public class MailTool {
public MailTool () {
}
public int retrieveMail() {
System.out.println (" ");
return 0;
}
}
retrieveMail()
. ,
retrieveMail()
getMail(). , :
package MailTool;
interface MailInterface {
int getMail();
}
MailTool, MailTool, :
package MailTool;
class MyMailTool implements MailInterface {
private MailTool yourMailTool;
public MyMailTool () {
yourMailTool= new MailTool();
setYourMailTool(yourMailTool);
}
public int getMail() {
return getYourMailTool().retrieveMail();
}
public MailTool getYourMailTool() {
return yourMailTool ;
}
public void setYourMailTool(MailTool newYourMailTool) {
296 15.
yourMailTool = newYourMailTool;
}
}
MailTool,
. MailInterface, -
getMail(). retrieveMail() MailTool.
,
MailTool getMail():
package MailTool;
public class Adapter
{
{
MyMailTool myMailTool = new MyMailTool();
myMailTool.getMail();
}
}
getMail()
retrieveMail() MailTool. .
, , .
Adapter () ,
, .

:
Chain of response ( );
Command ();
Interpreter ();
Iterator ();
Mediator ();
Memento ();
Observer ();
State ();
Strategy ();
Template method ( );
Visitor ().

Iterator (). , .
297
Iterator ().
, .
,
. Iterator () ,
. , . Java Iterator (). ,
:
package Iterator;
import java.util.*;
public class Iterator {
// ArrayList
ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList();
// ArrayList
names.add(new String(""));
//
System.out.println(":");
iterate(names );
}
private static void iterate(ArrayList<String> arl) {
for(String listItem : arl) {
System.out.println(listItem.toString());
}
}
}
, . , ,
iterate(). Java-
hasMoreElements(),
.
, .
,
. ,
(Creating Chaos), (Johnny
298 15.
Johnson), .
-, .
, . ,
, .
,
, ,
.
C++ Report 1995 (Andrew
Koenig) :
,
;
, ,
.
, ,
, .
. , , , , . ,
.
, (Reuse Patterns and Antipatterns) Robust
Artifact ( ) :
, , ,
, , . , , , ,
. Robust Artifact ( ) , .
, , , , . , ,
:
Reuseless Artifact (,
), , -. ,
, Robust Artifact (
).
, , .
299
,
.
, - .
,
, , .
. : , ,
(APattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction). : Oxford
University Press, 1977.
. - . (Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented
Software). : Addison-Wesley, 1995.
. UML .
- , (Applying UML and Patterns: AnIntroduction to Object-Oriented
Analysis and Design and Iterative Development). 3-. : Wiley,
2004.
. Java.
, UML (Patterns in Java:
ACatalog of Reusable Design Patterns Illustrated with UML). 2-., :
Wiley, 2002. . 1.
. (Reuse
Patterns and Antipatterns) / Software Development Magazine. 2000.
. (Creating Chaos) / American Programmer.
1995.
C# .NET. Java, .
C# .NET
Counter.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
300 15.
namespace Counter
{
class Counter
{
private int counter;
private static Counter instance = null;
protected Counter()
{
}
public static Counter getInstance()
{
if (instance == null)
{
instance = new Counter();
Console.WriteLine(" Counter...");
}
return instance;
}
public void incrementCounter()
{
counter++;
}
public int getCounter()
{
return counter;
}
}
}
Singleton.cs
using System;
using System.Text;
namespace Counter
{
class Singleton
{
public Singleton()
{
Console.WriteLine(" = " + counter1.getCounter());
301
,
Console.WriteLine(" = " + counter2.getCounter());
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
MailTool.cs
using System;
namespace MailAdapter
{
class MailTool
{
public MailTool()
{
}
public int retrieveMail()
{
return 0;
}
}
}
Mailinterface.cs
using System;
using System.Text;
{
interface MailInterface
{
int getMail();
}
}
MyMail.cs
{
class MyMailTool : MailInterface
{
private MailTool yourMailTool;
302 15.
public MyMailTool()
{
yourMailTool = new MailTool();
setYourMailTool(yourMailTool);
}
public int getMail()
{
return getYourMailTool().retrieveMail();
}
public MailTool getYourMailTool()
{
return yourMailTool;
}
public void setYourMailTool(MailTool newYourMailTool)
{
yourMailTool = newYourMailTool;
}
}
}
Adapter.cs
using System;
using System.Text;
{
class Adapter
{
public Adapter()
{
MyMailTool myMailTool = new MyMailTool();
myMailTool.getMail();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
Iterator.cs
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Text;
System.Collections;
303
,
namespace Iterator
{
class Iterator
{
public Iterator()
{
// Arraylist
ArrayList myList = new ArrayList();
//
myList.Add("");
myList.Add("");
myList.Add("");
myList.Add("");
//
Console.WriteLine(":");
iterate(myList);
}
static void iterate(ArrayList arl)
{
foreach (String listItem in arl)
{
Console.WriteLine(listItem);
}
}
}
}
.
-
.

.

.

.

. , .

.
, 192102, -, . (. ), . 3, , . 7.
005-93, 2; 95 3005 .
28.02.14. 70100/16. . . . 24,510. 1500. 0000.

. 180004, , . , 34.

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32.988.02-018.

12+ ( 29 2010 . 436-.)

Copyright 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.

, XML- Name, C# .NET

.1.8. Employee Payroll

Shape area, . getArea() abstract.

.1.18. UML- Shape

public override double calcArea()

.2.2. UML- DataBaseReader

. C++ (Effective C++). 3-.

public class DataBaseReader {

method1 count. method1. method2

count . , method1 method2

number1, number2 number3 , . count. count

, Name Joe Smith. .

. C++ (Effective C++). 3-.

companyName name, , Cab,

.4.3. Cabbie, Cab

. UML. (UML Distilled). 3-. : AddisonWesley Professional, 2003.

.5.1. Cabbie Cab

. C++ (Effective C++). 3-.

. Java 2 (Java 2 Platform Unleashed).

. Java 2 (Java 2 Platform Unleashed).

. Java 1.1 (Java 1.1 Developers

. (Software by Committee)./ Project Management, 1999.

.7.2. GoldenRetriever Dog

.7.3. LhasaApso Dog

, Dog BarkingDog YodelingDog

.7.9. UML- Cabbie

.7.10. UML- Cabbie/PartTimeCabbie

TestShape : Circle, Rectangle Star. , TestShape

, Java, .NET C++. , , C#

, Visual Basic .NET, :

. C++ (Effective C++). 3-.

. Java (Java Design). -: Prentice-Hall, 1997.

, Circle Rectangle ( ) Shape. , .

, C++, ; Java .NET , , . , Objective-C,

.8.4. UML- Java-

, Nameable , . - getName() setName() , . , ,

Head getSize() setSize().

Planet, Car Dog :

.8.7. UML- Shop

, , Shop CustList. , CustList Shop:

String[] inventory = shop.getInventory();

public void setName(string name){

public void setName(string name){

public String getCompanyID() {return CompanyID;}

, Dog Mammal. Dog Mammal .9.9.

.9.9. UML- Dog

. C++ (Effective C++). 3-.

. Java (Java Design). -: Prentice-Hall, 1997.

.10.1. UML- Cabbie

.10.2. UML- Dog

.10.3. UML- Dog

.10.4. UML- , Canine

. UML 24 (Teach Yourself UML

., . . UML. (The UML

. - UML Java (Practical Object-Oriented Development

210 11. : XML JSON

212 11. : XML JSON

214 11. : XML JSON

, XML- . , HTML-. XML-: