Kinetics: Imp-Mom (Ch.

5 & 8) Review
Lecture 34
ME 231: Dynamics

Question of the Day

How do we go from F=ma to impulse and
momentum?
Integrate equations of motion with respect to time

What is the relationship between impulse and

momentum?
Impulse (F*t or M*t) on a particle or body equals
change
h
in
i momentum (G
( or H)
)

Why use impulse and momentum to solve

dynamics problems?
Facilitates the solution of problems where forces act
over specified
e ified ti
time
e interval
i t
l or d
during
i
extremely
t
l short
ho t
periods of time (e.g., impact)
ME 231: Dynamics

Outline for Today

Question of the day

p
principles
p
p
Impulse-momentum
Linear momentum for rigid bodies
gu a momentum
o e tu for
o rigid
g d bodies
bod es
Angular
Equations, equations, equations
Exam 2b breakdown (kinetics: imp
imp-mom)
mom)

Exam 2a grades
grades
ME 231: Dynamics

Linear Momentum

mv

Particle of mass m is
located by position
vector r
Velocity v is tangent
t it
to
its path
th
The mass times
velocity is the
linear momentum
Tangent to its path

ME 231: Dynamics

Impulse-Momentum
Principle: Linear


6F G

t2

t1

6F dt

t2

t1

mv

 dt mv1   6Fx dt
G
x
t

t2

G1  6F dt
t1

t2

mv1 y  6Fy dt
t2

G2

t1
t2

mv1 z  6Fz dt
t1

mv2 x
mv2 y
mv2 z

impulse-momentum
diagram

Integrate to describe the effect of the resultant

f
force
6F on linear
li
momentum over a finite
fi i
period of time
ME 231: Dynamics

Angular Momentum

HO

r u mv

Particle of mass m
is located by
position vector r
Velocity v and linear
momentum G = mv
are tangent to its path
The moment of the linear momentum vector
mv about point O is the angular momentum
HO of P about O
Perpendicular to plane A defined by r and v
ME 231: Dynamics

Impulse-Momentum
Principle: Angular

t2

t1

6M O dt

H O 1  t

t2

t2

t1

 dt
H
O

6M O dt

H O 2

HO

r u mv M O


H
O

Integrate to describe
th effect
the
ff t off the
th angular
l
impulse 6MO*t on
angular momentum HO
of m about O over a
finite period of time

m(v z y  v y z )1  6M O x dt
t2

t1
t2

m(v x z  v z x)1  6M O y dt
t1
t2

m(v y x  v x y )1  6M O z dt
t1

ME 231: Dynamics

m(v z y  v y z ) 2
m(v x z  v z x ) 2
m(v y x  v x y ) 2
7

Impulse-Momentum: Exercise

A small car with mass of 20

kg rolls freely and carries a
5 kg sphere mounted on a
5-kg
light rotating rod with r =
0.4 m and angular
velocity of 4 rad/s. The
car has a velocity v = 0.6
m/s when T = 0.
0
Determine v when
ME 231: Dynamics

T = 60.
60
8

Outline for Today

Question of the day

p
principles
p
p
Impulse-momentum
Linear momentum for rigid bodies
gu a momentum
o e tu for
o rigid
g d bodies
bod es
Angular
Equations, equations, equations
Exam 2b breakdown (kinetics: imp
imp-mom)
mom)

Exam 2a grades
grades
ME 231: Dynamics

Linear Momentum for Rigid Bodies

Special case of a general system of particles


F G
Fx

Fy

mv
t2

G1  6F dt
t1

d
G x G1 x  t1 6Fx dt
t
G y G1   2 6Fy dt
y

ME 231: Dynamics

t2

t1

G2

G2 x
G2 y
10

Angular Momentum for Rigid Bodies

About the Mass Center G
linear

angular

HG

mv


F G
t2

G1  6F dt
t1

MG
G2

IG


H
G

H G 1  t

t2

6M G dt

ME 231: Dynamics

H G 2
11

Alternate Angular Momentum for Rigid Bodies

About an Arbitrary Point P
About a Fixed Point O

HP

MP

I G   mvd


H
P

H P 1  t

t2

6M P dt

HO

MO

IO


H
O

H P 2 H O 1  t

t2

ME 231: Dynamics

6M O dt

H O 2
12

Impulse-Momentum: Exercise

Determine the time t required

to bring the centrifuge to an
angular velocity Z from
rest under a constant
torque M applied to
the shaft.

ME 231: Dynamics

13

Outline for Today

Question of the day

p
principles
p
p
Impulse-momentum
Linear momentum for rigid bodies
gu a momentum
o e tu for
o rigid
g d bodies
bod es
Angular
Equations, equations, equations
Exam 2b breakdown (kinetics: imp
imp-mom)
mom)

Exam 2a grades
grades
ME 231: Dynamics

14

Equations, Equations, Equations

Particle Kinetics: F=ma
Lecture

Equations

18. Newton 2nd Law

19. Eqs. of Motion
20. Rectilinear

F ma
Fx ma x

21. Curvilinear

Fr
FT

27. Lin. Imp. Mom.

mx

mar
maT

Fy
Fz

ma y
ma z

Fn
Ft

man
mat

my
mz

t2

G1  6F dt G 2
t1
'G 0

G mv

6F G

H O 1  t 6M O dt
H O r u mv
d H O 2
1

'H O 0
MO H
O

HG i u m
HP HG   u mv
G mv
i i
 M H
   u ma
HO ri u mi vi  MG H
G
P
G
t2

28. Ang. Imp. Mom.

29. Sys. Imp. Mom.

ME 231: Dynamics

15

Equations, Equations, Equations

Rigid Body Kinetics: F=ma
Lecture
18. Newton 2nd Law
22. Gen. Eqs. Mot. I
23. Gen. Eqs.
q Mot. II
24. Fixed-Axis Rot.
25. Gen. Plane Mot. I
26. Gen. Plane Mot. II

Equations


MG H
G

H
 i u Fi
G
F ma M G

M P I P    u ma P
F ma M G I G 
G

31. Body Imp. Mom.

IG

mv H G

IG H P

 M
F G
G
t2

G1  6F dt
t1

M P I G   mad
M P I P    u ma P
M O I O
I O I G mr 2 I O mkO2
M P I G   mad
I G   mvd H O

IO

 M
H
P
O


H
O

 M
H
G
P
G2

ME 231: Dynamics

H G 1  t

t2

6M G dt

H G 2
16

num
mberofpo
oints

Exam 2a Breakdown (particle kinetics: F=ma)

40
35
30
25
20
155
10
5
0

40

40
34

34
26

30

0
18.Newton
2ndLaw

19.Eqs.of
Motion

20.Rectilinear

21.
Curvilinear

27.Lin.Imp.
Mom.

28.Ang.Imp.
Mom.

29.Sys.Imp.
Mom.

lecture
ME 231: Dynamics

17

Exam 2 Breakdown (rigid body kinetics: F=ma)

num
mberofp
points

70
60
50
40

70

30
20

34

40

40

40
26

10

0
18.Newton
2ndLaw

22.Gen.Eqs. 23.Gen.Eqs. 24.FixedAxis 25.Gen.

ofMotionI ofMotionII
Rotation
PlaneMot.I

26.Gen. 31.BodyImp.
PlaneMot.II
Mom.

lecture
ME 231: Dynamics

18

Outline for Today

Question of the day

p
principles
p
p
Impulse-momentum
Linear momentum for rigid bodies
gu a momentum
o e tu for
o rigid
g d bodies
bod es
Angular
Equations, equations, equations
Exam 2b breakdown (kinetics: imp
imp-mom)
mom)

Exam 2a grades
grades
ME 231: Dynamics

19

Grades
105
95
85

grade

75
65
55
45
35
1

10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61
student
ME 231: Dynamics

20

Homework Grades
105
95
85

grade

75
65
55
45
35
1

7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61
student
ME 231: Dynamics

21

Homework and Exam 1 Grades

105
95
85

grade

75
65
55
45
35
1

7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61
student
ME 231: Dynamics

22

Homework, Exam 1, and Exam 2a Grades

105
95
85

grade

75
65
55
45
35
1

7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61
student
ME 231: Dynamics

23

Exam 1 Grades

numb
berofstu
udents

25
20
15

26

10
12
5

15

0
<60%

6069%

7079%

8089%

90100%

earned grade
earnedgrade
ME 231: Dynamics

24

Exam 2a Grades

numb
berofstu
udents

25
20
15

25

10

16

18

5
0

1
<60%

4
6069%

7079%

8089%

90100%

earned grade
earnedgrade
ME 231: Dynamics

25

class
saverag
ge(%)

Exam 2a Problem Grades

100
80
60
40

70.0

76.0

88.0

85.0

20
0
problem
ME 231: Dynamics

26

For Next Time

Review Chapters 5 & 8

Review Lectures slides
http://rrg.utk.edu/resources/ME231/lectures.html

Review Examples from class

http://rrg.utk.edu/resources/ME231/examples.html

Exam #2b on Friday (11/16)

ME 231: Dynamics

27