11062015XL38J3Q0Annexure documentofEIA

Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Barauni Refinery
EIA Report on
Projects at IOCL Barauni Refinery
May 2015
Contents :
1) TOR for Replacement of Reactors & Allied
modernization jobs of Coker A and
Installation of Biturox Unit at IOCL Barauni
Refinery.
2) TOR for BS-IV Project : MS Quality Upgradation & HSD Quality Up-gradation at
IOCL Barauni Refinery.
3) Updated Chapters of EIA report.
4) Previous EIA report.
TOR (30th Reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2)

Proposal No. IA/BR/IND/24783/2014
File No.
J-11011/318/2014 IA II (I)
Subject : Replacement of reactors & allied modernization jobs of Coker A and Installation of
Biturox Unit in the existing Barauni Refinery in District Begusarai, Bihar by M/s IOCL Barauni
Refinery reg. TOR
The project authorities gave a detailed presentation on the salient features of the
project and proposed environmental protection measures to be undertaken along with the
draft Term of References for the preparation of EIA-EMP report. All the Petroleum Refinery
Plants are listed at S.N. 4(a) under Category A and appraised at the Central level.
M/s IOCL Barauni Refinery has proposed for replacement of reactors & allied
modernization jobs of Coker A and Installation of Biturox Unit in the existing Barauni Refinery in
District Begusarai, Bihar. PP informed that Coker revamp & Biturox project conceptualized in
2006. EC was obtained vide MEF&CCs letter no. J-11011/491/2007. IA(II) I dated March 2008.
EC expires after five years as PP did not submitted application within validity period of
environmental clearance. Therefore, PP submitted fresh proposal for environmental clearance.
a) Coker A : Mainly intended for the replacement of 30 years old Coke Drums/Reactors
for reliability improvement. The Coke drums will be replaced by higher metallurgy to process
high sulphur feed. No capacity augmentation is envisaged. It will retain its original capacity of
0.6 MMTPA. Automation of facilities like heading un-heading devices, Coke drum level
indication, coke cutting system etc. 05 nos of new heat exchangers In preheat circuit, which will
lead to one furnace operation against present 02 furnace operation. Cost of project is Rs.
480.31 Crore. No additional land is required. One furnace operation is envisaged against two
furnace operation, which will lead lower emission, lower fuel consumption and power
consumption. SOx reduction will be 9.4 Kg/hr.
b) New BituroxUnit : Intended for production of 0.15 MMTPA of different grades of
bitumen viz. VG-10, 20, 30 & 40. It will consists of feed blending, feed-product heat exchanger,
biturox reactor, process air/water supply, off gas treatment section and other related facilities.
Existing incinerator of FCCU will be utilized for flue gas. Cost of project is Rs. 71.43 Crore. No
additional land is required. SO2 will be increased by 0.3 kg/h due to incinerator.
Coker A will be operating with only one furnace against present two furnace
configuration. Whereas flue gas of Biturox Unit will be routed through existing FCCU
incinerator. Overall the increase emission from FCCU stack will be less than 2nd furnace
emission of Coker A (which will be cut off after project). Additionally, installation of more
CAAQMS and analyzers is under approval for better monitoring and control of emissions.
Modernization of ETP and BTP has been completed recently in 2014-15 with new facility like UF
and bio-towers. Effluent water generation from Coker A will reduce due to new coke cutting
system and additional effluent from Biturox Unit of 1.5 m3/hr will be taken care within high
capacity modernized ETP and BTP. More over new RO plant in ETP/BTP with capacity of 510
m3/hr is likely to be commissioned in 2015-16.This will further reduce overall fresh water
consumption by recycling ETP/BTP water.

The Committee suggested to modify/update the said EIA-EMP report by taking this
proposal into consideration. The Committee recommended following TOR to be incorporated
in the EIA-EMP report :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
A separate chapter on status of compliance of Environmental Conditions granted by

State/Centre to be provided. As per circular dated 30th May, 2012 issued by MoEF, a
certified report by RO, MoEF on status of compliance of conditions on existing unit to
be provided in EIA-EMP report.
Project Description and Project Benefits.
Manufacturing process details along with the chemical reactions and process flow
diagram for the proposed project.
Is there additional storage required for the proposed project, if yes details thereof.
Baseline data for air, water and soil for last one year.
Ambient air quality monitoring data for PM2.5, PM10 SO2, NOx, (methane & nonmethane HC) and VOCs particularly in the downwind direction.
Existing status of stack emission, raw water requirement, treated effluent quantity &
quality data, noise pollution and solid waste management in the existing units.
Details of Sulphur balance in the existing refinery unit.
Additional SO2 emissions due to the proposed project.
A note on how SO2 and NOX will be controlled at the existing level leading to no
increase in pollution load.
Unit-wise air pollution control devices to be installed. For the proposed units.
Water Balance chart for the existing unit and due to the proposed project. Action plan
for reduction of water requirement.
Quantity of effluent generation and the existing effluent treatment scheme.
Detailed solid waste generation, collection, segregation, its recycling and reuse,
treatment and disposal.
Oily sludge management plan.
Details of membership of TSDF for hazardous waste disposal.
Details of proposed preventive measures for leakages and accident.
Environmental Management Plan
Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan
a. Identification of hazards
b. Consequence Analysis
c. Risk assessment should also include leakages and location near to refinery &
proposed measures for risk reduction.
Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control
measures.
It was decided that project proponent should submit the final EIA report for
consideration of the proposal by the Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2). Public hearing is
exempted under section 7 (ii) of EIA Notification, 2006 as public hearing was held on 25 th
September, 2007 and no significant pollution load increase has been envisaged.
TOR (34th Reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2)

Proposal No. IA/BR/IND/26336/2015
File No.
J-11011/15/2015-IA II (I)
Subject: Proposed modernization of BS-IV Project: MS Quality Up-gradation & HSD Quality
Up-gradation by M/s. IOCL Barauni Refinery -reg TOR
The project authorities gave a detailed presentation on the salient features of the
project and proposed environmental protection measures to be undertaken along with the
draft Term of References for the preparation of EIA-EMP report. All the Petroleum Refinery
Plants are listed at S.N. 4(a) under Category A and appraised at the Central level.
M/s. IOCL Barauni Refinery has proposed for modernization of BS-IV Project: MS Quality
Up-gradation & HSD Quality Up-gradation. Cost of project is Rs. 1327 crore.
PP informed that there is no additional increment in Refining Capacity of 6.0 MMTPA, however
capacity of following units are proposed to undergo revamp/addition of small units to meet BSIV standard for petrol and diesel.
a) Naphtha Hydro Treating Unit (NHTU) revamp from 0.3 MMTPA to 0.47 MMTPA.
b) Catalytic Reforming Unit (CRU) revamp from 0.3 MMTPA to 0.47 MMTPA.
c) Diesel Hydro Treating Unit (DHDT) revamp from 2.2 MMTPA to 3.3 MMTPA.
e) Additional new Naphtha Splitter Unit (NSU) to enhance present capacity of 0.464
MMTPA to 0.76 MMTPA.
f) Additional new Cracked Gasoline De-sulphurisation Unit to enhance present capacity
of 0.4 MMTPA to 0.76 MMTPA
It was noted that no additional land requirement ( Project will be implemented within
existing Refinery Boundary Limit). RO plant is coming up in ETP and likely to be commissioned in
FY 2015-16, post commissioning of RO plant & BS:IV project the overall water consumption will
come down from present 690 m3/hr to 651 m3/hr. Additional requirement of power is 8.5
MWH ( Will be fulfilled from existing Power Plant Capacity of 90 MWH, which is presently
running at a load of 42.25 MWH ). 1.25 MT/hr of Hydrogen Gas will be fulfilled from existing
Hydrogen generating units ( HGU, CRU & DOG PSA ) of 9.08 MT/hr, which is presently running
at load of 6.05 MT/hr. SO2 emission expected to increase by approx. 200 kg/hr. Total refinery
SO2 emission after project = approx. 900 kg/hr. Limit for Barauni Refinery is 1035 kg/hr. No
impact on water, as post project overall water consumption will come down due to
commissioning of RO plant in ETP for recycling of treated effluent.
It was noticed that project namely replacement of reactors & allied modernization jobs
of Coker A and Installation of Biturox Unit in the existing Barauni Refinery was considered in the
30th EAC meeting held during 22nd 23rd December, 2014 and the Committee suggested to
modify/update the said EIA-EMP report by taking this proposal into consideration. After
detailed deliberation, the Committee suggested them to club the new proposal with the
existing proposal to evaluate the cumulative impact. The existing ToR will remain same. Public
hearing is exempted under section 7 (ii) of EIA Notification, 2006 as public hearing was held on
25th September, 2007 and no significant pollution load increase has been envisaged.

Barauni Refinery
Updated Chapters of EIA report
May 2015

Barauni Refinery
High Sulphur Maximization Project &

BS-IV Project
Contents
Chapter -1 : Project Description and Project Benefits
1.1 High Sulphur Crude maximization Project.
1.2 BS-IV Project.
1.3 Present & Post Project Scenario.
1.4 Project Cost.
1.5 Project Benefits.
Chapter 2 : Process Details with Chemical Reactions
2.1 Biturox Unit.
2.1.1 Introduction.
2.1.2 Design Basis & Chemical Reactions.
2.1.3 Process Description.
2.2 Coker A Revamp.
2.2.1 Introduction.
2.3 NSU, NHTU & CRU.
2.3.1 Introduction.
2.4 Prime G+
2.4.1 Introduction.
2.4.2 Chemical Reaction.
2.5 DHDT.
2.5.1 Introduction.
Chapter
Index

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Chapter-3 : Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)

3.1 Coker-A Unit PFD.
3.2 Biturox Unit PFD.
3.3 Catalytic Reforming Unit (CRU) PFD.
3.4 FCCU Cracked Gasoline Desulphurization Unit (Prime G+) PFD.
3.5 Naphtha Splitting Unit (NSU) PFD.
3.6 Diesel Hydro treating Unit (DHDT) PFD.
Chapter-4 : Baseline data & Monitoring
4.1 One Year baseline data for Air.
4.2 One Year baseline data for Water.
4.3 Stack Emission Monitoring.
4.4 Raw Water Requirement.
4.4.1 Present raw water requirement.
4.4.2 Post Project raw water requirement.
4.5 Treated Effluent Quality & Quantity.
4.6 Noise Pollution Monitoring.
4.7 Present Solid Waste Management.
4.8 Sulphur Balance
4.9 Note on SO2 emission and NOX emission.
4.10 Air Pollution Control Devices.
Chapter-5 : Water Balance
5.1 Water Balance Chart of existing.
5.2 Water Balance Chart due to proposed project.
5.3 Action Plan for reduction of water requirement.
Chapter-6 : Effluent Management
6.1 Quantity of Effluent generation.
6.2 Effluent Treatment Scheme.
Chapter
Index

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Chapter-7 : Solid Waste & Oily Sludge Management

7.1 Solid Waste Management.
7.2 Oily Sludge Management.
Chapter-8 : Environment Management Plan
8.1 Water Management.
8.2 Effluent Management.
8.3 Emission Management.
Chapter-9 : Expenditure on Environment Pollution Control measures
9.1 Total Capital Cost for environment pollution control measures.
9.2 Total recurring cost per annum for environment pollution control measures.
Chapter
Index

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Chapter -1
Project Description &
Benefits
Chapter-1
Project Description & Benefits

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Currently IOCL Barauni Refinery has taken up below listed projects

1. High Sulphur Crude maximization Project
2. BS-IV Project
1. High Sulphur Crude maximization Project
The subject project is intended for the replacement of coke drums/reactors for reliability
improvement in Coker A Unit along with inclusion of new Biturox Unit. It is also one of the
projects proposed under High Sulphur Crude maximization plan of Barauni Refinery in 2006
in which one Crude tank of 40000 m3 was also envisaged.
1.1. Coker A revamp project:
Existing reactors/coke drums have been in operation for the last 30 years and already
outlived its life. In this project, the coke drums will be replaced with higher metallurgy to
process high sulphur feed. It may be mentioned that no capacity augmentation is
envisaged in the project however certain automation facilities like automatic heading-un
heading devices, coke drum level indication, coke cutting system etc are proposed. In
addition, energy optimization measures are also proposed by adding 5 numbers of new
heat exchangers in preheat circuit and one furnace will be decommissioned out of total
two furnaces.
1.2. New Biturox Unit
Installation of Biturox plant at Barauni Refinery is intended for the production of 150TMTPA
Bitumen to meet the regions demand. Different grades of Bitumen viz VG-10, 20, 30 & 40
shall be produced from this unit. The subject unit is licensed by M/s Poerner Inc, Austria.
This project also comes under High Sulphur Crude maximization plan of the Barauni
Refinery
2. BS-IV Project
Total BS-IV MS/HSD supply being statutory requirement, low cost option has been explored
with maximum utilization of the existing assets i.e, revamp of existing units has been
considered instead of new units to the extent feasible. An in-house study has been
performed by exploring various means of achieving 100 % BS-IV MS & HSD. The study is
based on Licensor's input, literature survey/ in-house expertise and information. The study
indicated, capacity revamp of DHDT and NSU, CRU revamp or New CCRU, Prime G+ Revamp
and additional RFCC gasoline de-sulphurisation Unit is required to meet 100 % HSD and MS
of BS-IV specifications.
Chapter-1

Barauni Refinery
Unit
Capacity Augmentation
Envisaged, MMTPA
Present
Proposed

BS-IV Project
Remarks
NSU
0.464
0.76
NHTU
0.30
0.472
CRU
0.3
0.47
PRIMEG+
0.32 (SHU)
0.22 (HDS)
0.76 (SHU)
0.56 (HDS)
DHDT
2.2
3.3
Revamp / New Unit :

New NSU as existing NSU revamp not
feasible
Revamp:
Revamp or New unit
Revamp:
Revamp or New unit
New Unit :
PG+ Revamp or Parallel new RFCC gasoline
treatment unit
Revamp:
BS IV Revamp to 3.3 MMTPA
For revamp units, the necessary hardware modifications shall be performed in the existing
available plot plan of the corresponding units. In case of additional new units, the area
currently rendered vacant which is adjacent to existing ISOM unit (MSQ block) location is
proposed.
With the above facilities, at current crude processing capacity of 6.3 MMTPA the refinery
can produce about 1.3 MMTPA and 3.2 MMTPA of BS-IV MS & HSD respectively along with
flexibility to produce 25 % of Euro V specifications. Comparison of units T'put in BS-IV
scenario vis- a- vis current actual operating /design capacity is compiled below.
Attribute
Design
Crude Tput
HS%
Coker A T put
Coker B T put
RFCCU T put
Biturox T put
DHDT T put
CRU T put
NHDT T put
MMTPA
6.0
13-15
0.6
0.5
1.43
0.15
2.2
0.3
0.18
BS-III Scenario
(Actual for 2013-14)
MMTPA
6.47
8.98
0.38
0.12
1.69
-
BS-IV Scenario
0.36
0.25
0.47
0.24
Chapter-1
MMTPA
6.3
19.7
0.26
0.00
1.7
0.15

Barauni Refinery
ISOM T put
SHU
Prime G+ (HDS)
SRU
F&L
Margin $/bbl
BS-III MS
BS-IV MS
BS-III HSD
BS-IV HSD
SKO
0.13
0.32
0.22
80 MTPD
700
Nil
2156
750

BS-IV Project
0.23
0.27
28.4 MTPD
8.99
5.45
1190
Nil
3249
Nil
820
0.25
0.46
0.48
59.54 MTPD
9.0
6.84
Nil
1312
Nil
3210
250
2.1. MS Quality Up-gradation Path-forward

MS pool consist of mainly three streams namely Heavy Reformate, Isomerate and treated
RFCC gasoline. Thus meeting final MS pool specifications depends the combined
performance of the units i.e CRU (including NHTU) , ISOM (including NHDT) and Prime G+
unit.
2.2. HSD Quality Up-gradation Path-forward
With back-blending of about 25 wt % (BS IiI scenario), DHDT is currently operated at about
2.6-2.7 MMTPA against the design capacity of 2.2 MMTPA, but with bottlenecks. Execution
of Low cost DHDT revamp along with replacement of advance catalyst variant is scheduled
in Nov'14 S/D, will ensure operation of DHDT up to 2.9 MMTPA. Major modifications
envisaged in the low cost revamp include augmentation of feed filter, replacement of feed
& Product pumps, control valves etc' Moreover the new catalyst charge is designed to
handle 3.3 MMTPA scenario as well. Following modifications are essential for operation of
DHDT at 3.3 MMTPA. Envisaged major modifications include:
Additional MUG compressor

Additional Feed pump
2 additional heat exchangers
Wash water pump, coalscers & Piping modifications.
Chapter-1

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
2.3. Present and Post Project Scenario

Attribute
( Figures in MMTPA )
Crude Tput
High Sulphur Crude %
Coker A
: T put
Coker B
: T put
RFCCU
: T put
Biturox
: T put
DHDT
: T put
CRU
: T put
NHDT
: T put
ISOM
: T put
Prime G+
SRU
Design
6.00
13-15
0.60
0.50
1.43
0.15
2.20
0.30
0.18
0.13
0.4
(0.32+0.08)
80 MTPD
BS-III Scenario
(Actual 2013-14)
6.47
8.98
0.38
0.12
1.69
2.49
0.36
0.25
0.23
0.27
BS-IV Scenario
(Post Project)
6.30
19.70
0.26
0.00
1.70
0.15
3.30
0.47
0.24
0.25
0.76
28.4 MTPD
59.54 MTPD
3. Project Cost
3.1. High Sulphur Crude maximization Project
Total cost of Rs 480.31 Cr for Coker A revamp & Rs 71.73 Cr for New Biturox Unit
3.2. BS-IV Project
Total capital expenditure has been estimated to be Rs 1327 Cr (with + 30 % accuracy),
inclusive of 81 Cr. financial cost component, calculated on a period of four years of Phasing.
4. Project Benefits
4.1. High Sulphur Crude maximization Project :
a)
Coker A Revamp Project :

Reliability Improvement
High Sulphur Maximization
b) New Biturox Unit :

Production of International Grade Bitumen Product
High Sulphur Maximization
Chapter-1

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
4.2. BS-IV Project

a) 100% production of BS IV specification MS (commonly known as Petrol)
b) 100% production of BS-IV specification HSD (commonly known as Diesel)
Chapter-1

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Chapter -2
Process Details with
Chemical Reactions
Updated chapters of EIA report
Chapter -2
Process Details with Chemical Reactions

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
2.1 Biturox Unit

2.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Biturox unit shall be designed for production of viscosity graded paving bitumen VG10, VG20,
VG30 and VG40 using Biturox process by oxidation of the Vacuum Residue and VGO obtained from
the Vacuum Unit of the refinery.
The Design Basis includes the basis for the unit design, the basic information about utilities and
side conditions.
2.1.2 DESIGN BASIS & CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Duty and Capacity
The unit is designed for a design capacity of 150000 TPA considering
the specification of the design product grade VG30 and the alternative grades VG10, VG20
and VG40.
continuous production of 24 hours per day and 8000 operating hours per year.
Based on this the design throughput related to the design product grade VG30 is 18.750 MTH.
The Biturox unit is designed for continuous production. The turn down rate for production of the
design product grade VG30 is 75%.
Feed material
The feed components for bitumen production are the vacuum residue and the vacuum gas oil
obtained from the VDU by processing of the high sulphur crudes as Basrah Light, Arab Mix (a
mixture of 20% Arab Light and 80% Arab Heavy), Upper Zakum, Kuwait, Iran Mix (a mixture of 25%
Iran Light and 75% Iran Heavy) or a blend thereof.
Vacuum Residue
The main feedstock for bitumen production is the Vacuum Residue produced in the vacuum unit
of the refinery with the following specification.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
VACUUM RESIDUE (MAIN FEED COMPONENT)

CHARACTERISTICS
UNIT
Sample Analysis 1)
LKNr. 2013/002218
Range
Penetration @ 25C
0.1 mm
177
150-200
Softening Point
Density @ 15C
API Gravity
C
3
g/cm
API
37.8
1.0298
5.8
36-40
1.028 1.032
5.5 6.1
Kin. Viscosity @ 100C

Dynamic Viscosity @ 60C
Flash Point COC
Asphaltenes (nC7-insoluble)
Paraffin Content (EN 12606-1)
Sulfur Content
mm /s
2
mm /s
mm 2/s
Pa.s
C
mass %
mass %
mass %
1357.00
203.10
110.40
53.4
342
7.66
1.90
4.5580
1200 - 1700
180 240
100 - 125
40 - 65
min. 300
6.5 8.5
max. 2.2
4.0 5.0
%
0.1 mm
% of origin
C
C
Pa.s
-
0.05
113
63.8
42.4
4.6
87.2
1.63
ASTM D 7169, ASTM D 6352
415.8
516.8
548.0
571.4
591.8
612.0
656.6
714.0
max. 0.07
min. 60
max. 5
max. 2
2)
Heating Test RTFOT

Change of mass
Retained Penetration @ 25C
Retained Penetration @ 25C
Softening Point after RTFOT
Increase of Softening Point
Viscosity @ 60C after RTFOT
Viscosity Ratio @ 60C
Distillation Analysis
0 mass% (IBP)
10 mass%
20 mass%
30 mass%
40 mass%
50 mass%
70 mass%
90 mass%
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
500 - 520
-
Vacuum Gas Oil

Below shows the specification of the VGO that will be used as a flux component if required to
fulfil the requirements on the feed material.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
VGO (FLUX COMPONENT)

1)
CHARACTERISTICS
UNIT
Sample Analysis
LKNr. 2013/02221
Range
Density @ 15C
Flash Point
g/cm3
2
mm /s
mm2/s
mm2/s
2
mm /s
C
0.9285
127.80
36.41
17.39
9.80
188.5
0.925 0.930
90 150
30 50
15 20
8 - 11
min. 185
Sulfur Content
DISTILATION ANALYSIS:
0 mass% (IBP)
10 mass%
20 mass%
30 mass%
mass%
2.3 3.4
C
C
C
C
2.8620
ASTM D 7169, ASTM D 6352
294.2
387.8
414.2
432.0
370 400
40 mass%
50 mass%
60 mass%
C
C
C
448.0
463.4
478.6
70 mass%
80 mass%
90 mass%
C
C
C
494.8
513.4
539.2
100 mass%
637.4
2)
530 - 550
Product Specification
The Biturox unit shall be capable of producing the grades VG10, VG20, VG30 and VG40 with the
specifications shown below.
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
PAVING GRADES
CHARACTERISTICS
UNIT
TEST METHOD
Absolute Viscosity @ 60C

Poise
IS-1206 (Part II)
Kinematic Viscosity @ 135C, (min.)
cSt
IS-1206 (Part III)
Flash Point COC, (min.)
C
IS-1209A
Solubility in Trichloroethylene, (min.)
mass %
IS-1216
Penetration @ 25C, 100g, 5s, (min)
0.1 mm
IS-1203
Softening Point (R&B), (min.)
C
IS-1205
Tests on residue after RTFOT (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test):
1)
Viscosity Ratio @ 60C, (max.)
IS 1206 (Pt II)
Ductility @ 25C, (min.)
cm
IS-1208
Chapter -2
VG10
VG20
VG30
VG40
800-1200
250
220
99.0
80
40
1600300
220
99.0
60
45
2400350
220
99.0
45
47
3200400
220
99.0
35
50
4.0
75
4.0
50
4.0
40
4.0
25

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
2.1.3 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

Biturox is a process for production of blown bitumen. Various qualities of bitumen can be made
out of different residues - with or without blending components - under atmospheric conditions or
with elevated pressure.
Biturox process is oxidation of feed material at an operating temperature between 240 - 270C
and pressure up to 2.0 kg/cm2 g.
To reach high efficiency of the reaction between feed stock and oxygen a large reaction surface of
the air bubbles is required. For that reason the Biturox reactor is equipped with a three - stage
agitator to break up the incoming air bubbles. To ensure a small bubble size through the whole
length of liquid column in the guiding cylinder the air bubbles are collected by coalescing plates
under each agitator disc to break them up again whereby the reaction surface is renewed.
On the other hand, due to the large size of the air pipes the process air is introduced into the
liquid product in a form of big bubbles with a small reaction surface. This prevents a fast start of
the reaction between fresh feed and oxygen and prevents coke formation. So the Biturox reactor
has low servicing needs and this effects minimum operating costs.
This technique replaces the conventional air pipes with small openings which are closed due to
coke formation within short time.
Biturox Reactor
The reactor section, where the Biturox Process occurs, consists of three main components:
Biturox Reactor
Agitator, with three stages of disc mixers.
The guiding cylinder, located concentric to the shell and containing two coalescing plates,
one is located under the middle disc mixer and the other under the upper disc mixer.
Controlled amount of feedstock, air and water are simultaneously fed into and processed within
the reactor unit.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
2.2 Coker-A
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION
The Coker-A unit of Barauni Refinery is designed for processing 600,000 MT per year of
reduced crude from atmospheric/ vacuum distillation units. The unit can process vacuum residues
from a wide variety of crude oils including Bonny Light and Arab Mix crudes. It can also process a
number of low value streams such as extracts and de-waxed oils from Lube plants and decant oil
from the bottom of FCC units in addition to the vacuum residues. The unit is designed to produce
unstabilised Naphtha, LPG rich off gas, Reduced Petroleum Coke (RPC) and components for HSD,
LDO and Fuel Oil pools. The unit upgrades heavy residual oil converting it to above products.
A delayed Coker unit mainly consists of a furnace, coke chambers (reactors),
fractionator and light ends recovery system. The associated facilities include coke cutting/
handling and water re-use system. Coker-A unit is to be designed to process 0.6 MMTPA of feed in 7200
on-stream hours per year.

The unit is designed for the following three cases :
CASE-I
CASE-II
CASE-III
Feed corresponding to future refinery configuration having ResidDesulphurisation

unit, while processing 0.6 MMTPA high sulphur crude (50:50 wt Arab mix)
Feed corresponding to future refinery configuration without Resid Desulphurisation,
while processing 0.6 MMTPA low sulphur crude (Bonny light).
Feed corresponding to future refinery configuration without Resid Desulphurisation,
while processing 0.42 MMTPA low sulphur crude (Bonny light).
Coker A Feed :
a) Vacuum Residue from AVUs.
b) Phenol Extract from Phenol Extraction Unit.
c) VGO from AVUs
d) CLO
Coker A Products :
a) Off gas
b) Coker Naphtha
c) Coker Kero
d) Coker LDO
e) Coker fuel oil
f) Coker residue
g) Coke
: To be routed to existing LPG recovery unit for LPG recovery.

: To be routed to existing LPG recovery unit for stabilization/ LPG recovery.
: Suitable for routing to DHDS unit (Cases 1&2)/ blending into HSD pool.
: To be routed to FCC Unit (Cases 1&2) / LDO pool (Case-3).
: Suitable for blending into Fuel Oil Pool.
: Suitable for blending into Fuel oil pool.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Chemistry behind coking:

Delayed Coking is a thermal conversion process by which a residual stock or crudes
bottom of the barrel material is upgraded to more valuable distillates. This process also
produces a solid carbonaceous matter called coke. This coke, depending upon its quality can be
used for the manufacture of electrodes for aluminum production (called anode grade), for
electrodes in the electric arc furnace for steel making (this grade is known as needle coke) or
other miscellaneous applications e.g. Titanium-di-oxide manufacture, coke ovens, silicon carbide
etc. Cokes required for such applications requires Calcination which essentially means driving off
the water and the oily volatile matters from the coke. The quality of the coke mainly depends on
the feedstock. If the feedstock is not of good quality, the coke (called the fuel grade) can be used
as a fuel in the cement industry or power plant.
The mechanism for the formation of coke is rather complicated. However, two independent
mechanisms exist. First mechanism involves the polymerization and condensation of the
aromatics portion in the feed. The aromatics ring cross link to such a degree to form coke. The
formation of this so called thermal coke is the most desired one for a good quality coke (e.g.
needle coke). In the second mechanism the colloidal asphaltene and the resin gets distorted and
precipitate out of the solution to form a highly cross linked structure. This is known as asphaltene
coke and undesired for a good coke quality. Formation of these two types of coke are governed
more by the feedstock quality than by the operating parameters. These reactions proceed in
following three distinct phases :
Partial vaporisation and mild cracking of the charge stock as it passes through the heater.
Successive cracking and polymerisation of the liquid in the drum until it is converted to
vapor and coke.
Cracking of the vapor as it passes through the coke drum.

The Quench column K-6 has been provided to further condense the heaviest fraction of the
Coke chamber vapor by LDO quench on temperature control of Column overhead cascaded with
flow control. The internals of the column consist of a Disc and doughnut arrangement. The bottom
material i.e. residue is pumped using residue pumps, H-22/22A on flow cascaded with level
control of the Quench Column bottom to the main fractionator bottom as recycle to the furnace.
To avoid coking of Quench Column bottom, a portion of fresh preheated feed from 604-EE-00-003
A/B is used as quench and is routed on temperature control to the Quench Column bottom.
Provision to route a part of the residue as product to storage is also kept. For this, residue
from H-22, apart from being routed to fractionator, a part will be cooled in the residue cooler 604EE-00-008 (T-13 Box cooler). A part of this cooled residue will be routed back to Quench Column
as Quench, instead of fresh feed, during this mode and the rest is sent as product to storage.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Delayed Coker unit is divided into following sections :

Feed handling and preheat
Furnace
Coke chambers
Quench column
Fractionator and Strippers
Quench, flushing & Instrument Purge Oil system
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
2.3 NSU, NHTU & CRU

2.3.1 INTRODUCTION
To get motor spirit of low lead and high octane it was proposed to have a Catalytic Reformer Unit
(CRU) in Barauni Refinery in 1990. The plant is having following facilities:
1. Naphtha Splitter Unit NSU.
2. Naphtha Hydro-Treater Unit - NHTU.
3. Catalytic Reformer Unit CRU.

SL. NO.
01.
02.
03.
NAME
CAPACITY
(MT/YR)
RATIO
Naphtha Splitter Unit (NSU)
0.54
Naptha Hydro-Treater Unit (NHTU) 0.30
Catalytic Reformer Unit (CRU)
0.30
TURN DOWN
40%
50%
50%
PURPOSE
The purpose of Reformer is to enhance the octane number by changing the hydrocarbon structure
in the presence of catalyst and hydrogen. It is not advantageous to operate reformer with lighter
hydrocarbons. So splitter was required to get suitable cut of feed for reformer. Since reforming
reaction is to be carried out in presence of catalyst, but impurities/water act as catalyst-poison, so
we need hydro-treater to remove impurities and water.
NAPHTHA SPLITTER UNIT (NSU)

FEED
: IBP-140 0C cut naphtha from storage tanks
PRODUCTS : IBP 70 0C cut naphtha is sent to Hydrogen Generation Unit as their feed.
IBP 70-140 0C cut naphtha is sent to NHTU and storage tank.
NAPHTHA HYDRO-TREATER UNIT (NHTU)

FEED
: Feed to NHTU comes from Naphtha Splitter Unit(NSU) bottom.
PRODUCTS : NHTU stripper bottom is fed to CRU or sent to storage for subsequent start up.
Specific Gravity:
0.765.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Catalytic Reformer Unit CRU

FEED
: NHTU stripper bottom is feed for CRU.
PRODUCTS :
A) Reformate:
Component
SOR
EOR
Specific Gravity
0.788
0.787
RON
95.0
95.0
MW
93.0
92.8
0
RVP at 38 C
0.40 Max.
B) Hydrogen Rich Gas :
Component
SOR (Mole %)
EOR (Mole %)
H-2
93.0
88.8
C-1
2.9
5.1
C-2
1.5
2.5
C-3
0.7
1.3
C-4
0.5
0.8
C-5 +
1.4
1.5
MW
4.6
5.6
C) LPG Absorber off Gas :
This LPG absorber off gas goes to fuel gas network.
Component
SOR (Mole %)
EOR (Mole %)
H-2
52.6
46.7
C-1
10.6
16.9
C-2
19.7
22.5
C-3
13.6
9.5
C-4
1.7
2.5
C-5 +
1.8
1.9
MW
17.3
17.7
D) Stabilizer over head liquid :
This liquid goes to LPG Recovery Unit for LPG recovery.
Component
SOR (Wt. %)
EOR (Wt. %)
C-1
0.0
0.2
C-2
7.7
9.6
C-3
62.5
44.1
C-4
29.8
45.9
C-5
0
0.2
MW
45.5
46.9
Specific Gravity
0.504
0.510
Octane No.
95.0
95.0
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
NHTU :
To protect the reformer catalyst, the feed is to be pretreated in order to eliminate the following
poisons: Sulfur, Nitrogen, Water, Diolefins, Olefins, Arsenic and Metals.
Elimination of these poisons are achieved in Naptha Hydro-treater Unit (NHTU) by the use of
specific catalyst and operating conditions, except for water which is eliminated in the stripper,
though bulk amount of water is separated in hydrotreater separator.
A) HYDROREFINING REACTIONS :
a)
Desulfurisation:
Mercaptans, sulphide and disulphide easily react, leading to the corresponding
saturated hydrocarbons.
R-SH + H2
RH + H2S
R-S-R' + 2H2
RH + R'H + H2S
R-S-S-R' + 3H2
Example:
CH3-CH2-CH 2-CH2-CH2-SH + H 2
d)
RH + R'H + 2H2S
C5H12
Amyl Mercaptan
H 2S
N-Pentane
Sulfur combined into cycles of aromatic structure like thiophene, is more difficult to eliminate.
In that case the main reaction involves the opening of the heterocycle giving the corresponding
hydrocarbon and hydrogen sulfide.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery
b)

BS-IV Project
Denitrification:
This is the most important reaction in HTU, besides the desulfurization. It results in
Production of Ammonia.
R-NH2 + H2
R-H + NH 3
Example:
Its rate is lower than the desulfurization reaction, mainly in the case of hetrocyclic
compounds, having an aromatic structure.
c)
B)
De-oxygenation
Oxygen dissolved or present in the compounds of the same type as the Sulphiding
Compounds or as peroxides or Phenols, is eliminated in the form of water.
HYDROGENATION REACTIONS:
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
These reactions affect the diolefins, olefins and aromatics and are highly
exothermic.
-
C)
Diolefins and olefins, if any, are converted into saturated compounds.

Aromatics hydrogenation occurs as a consequence of temperature and
hydrogen partial pressure. The use of this specific catalyst (HR 306) along with
H2S partial pressure allows the limitation of these hydrogenation reactions.
Less than one percent of the aromatics of the feed are hydrogenated in the
hydrotreaters.
ELIMINATION OF ARSENIC AND METALS:

These compounds are adsorbed on the catalyst. The adsorption occurs on the
upper layers of the catalytic beds and progressively extends down to the lower
part. If these compounds affect the catalyst, its activity is drastically reduced.
CRU
In Catalytic Reforming Unit, the structure of hydrocarbon (low octane) is changed to hydrocarbon
of higher octane number (mainly aromatics) through various reactions in the presence of specific
catalyst.
Main reactions :
A) DEHYDROCYCLISATION OF PARAFFINS
B) DEHYDROGENATION OF NAPHTHENE
C) ISOMERIZATION OF PARAFFIN
A)
DEHYDROCYCLISATION OF PARAFFINS:
This reaction leads to an important increase in octane number. The hydrogen production
being of 4 moles per mole of paraffin transformed.
This reaction is highly exothermic (-60 Kcal/mole) and limited by the kinetics.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Due to it's relatively low rate, operating conditions must be more severe for this reaction
than for the other ones thus leading to coke formation.
The volumetric yield of product from this reaction is only 70 to 80%.
B)
DEHYDROGENATION OF NAPHTHENE :
This reaction also leads to an important increase in octane number, the hydrogen
production being lower than from the previous reaction.
This reaction is highly endothermic (-50 Kcal/mol). The conversion is almost the same as
foreseen by the thermodynamics.
In case of cyclopentanic naphthenes, they must be first isomerized to C5 ring naphthenes
before being hydrogenated.
C)
ISOMERISATION OF PARAFFINS :
This reaction leads to an increase in octane number as branched paraffin has higher octane
number than the corresponding linear paraffin. There is no hydrogen production in this
reaction.
C6H14
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
I
CH3
N-HEXANE
ISO-HEXANE
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
This reaction is slightly exothermic (2 Kcal/mole) and the conversion is limited, by the
thermodynamics. This later limits the gain in octane number as the branched to normal
paraffin ratio at equilibrium decreases when the molecular weight increases.
Its rate is high and its volumetric yield is 100%.
SIDE REACTIONS:
A)
e)
CRACKING
i)
ii)
Hydro cracking
Hydrogenolysis
B)
DEALKYLATION
C)
COKING
D)
DISMUTATION
E)
ALKYLATION
A) CRACKING:
This reaction results in the degradation of the molecules and must be, as far as possible
avoided.
Two different ways of cracking takes places :
i) Hydro cracking:
This degradation reactions leads to low molecular weight paraffin mainly C3 and C4.
C8H18 + H2
N-OCTANE
C3H8
+
PROPANE
C5H12
PENTENE
This is highly exothermic reaction and relatively slow reaction. Hydro cracking of straight chain
paraffin result in octane improvement but hydro cracking of naphthene will reduce the
naphthene potential used for conversion to aromatics.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
ii) Hydrogenolysis:
This degradation reaction leads to light hydrocarbons (C1, C2, C3) and the
complimentary paraffin. These reactions are of no interest in a classical reforming
except when LPG production is expected.
This degradation first affects the higher paraffin, which otherwise, would have been
more easily dehydrocyclised to corresponding aromatics. However when
naphthenes are involved in the cracking reactions potential aromatics are
eliminated.
Thus these reactions must be normally avoided as they result in a low reformate
yield and due to the light gases formation, in a lower purity of the recycled
hydrogen gas.
These reactions are exothermic and non-equilibrated. Their rate is low at low
temperature faster than the rate of other reactions.
B)
DEALKYLATION:
This reaction consumes hydrogen. It does not improve the octane of the gasoline.
It could be interesting in case of aromatics production as it leads to lower aromatics at
the cost of higher aromatics.
C)
COKING :
Heavy polyaromatics leading to coke are formed by alkylation, dismutation and
cyclisation reactions. High temperature enhances these reactions.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery
D)

BS-IV Project
DISMUTATION :
It is basically of no interest in a normal refining operation. This is of interest for an
aromatic operation, as toluene can be transformed to pentene and xylenes.
E)
ALKYLATION:
This reaction has no influence on the octane number of the gasoline and takes place
without any hydrogen exchange. As it leads to heavier molecule this reaction can give
products whose boiling point may be higher than the final boiling point of the gasoline
cut on the other hand, high molecular weight hydrocarbons can be considered as coke
precursors.
Due to their rate, the reactions will take place mainly in the following order, in
different reactors.
First Reactor
:
:
Dehydrogenation
Isomerization
Second Reactor
:
:
:
:
:
:
Dehydrogenation
Isomerization
Cracking
Dehydrocyclisation
Cracking
Dehydrocyclisation
Third Reactor
Thus the temp. drop will be high in the first reactor, less in the second and
third reactor.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project

NAPHTHA SPLITTER UNIT (NSU):
IBP-140 0C cut naphtha from storage is fed to splitter column under flow control by
off site pump at tray No. 14. The feed is heated up to 95 0C in splitter feed/bottom exchanger
against splitter bottom stream before it enters the column.
The overhead vapors are totally condensed in air condensers. The liquid collected is
pumped by splitter reflux pump and one part sent as top reflux back to the column under flow
control to maintain the top temperature. The balance, which constitutes the IBP-70 0C cut naphtha
is sent to HGU as their feed and rest light naphtha is sent to storage under reflux drum level
control after cooling in a water cooler. Reflux drum boot water is drained in OWS manually.
The pressure of splitter is controlled at reflux drum by passing a part of hot column
overhead vapors around the condenser or releasing the reflux vapors to flare through a split range
controller.
The splitter bottom product which constitutes 70-140 0C cut naphtha is pumped to
splitter feed/bottom exchanger by hydro treater feed pumps. The bottom product after
exchanging heat with feed is split into two streams. One is fed to the hydro treater unit at a temp.
of 65 0C and the other is sent to storage under column level control after being cooled in splitter
bottom column.
The heat necessary for splitter reboiling is supplied by splitter reboiler furnace and desired
temperature maintained by controlling the fuel firing. Splitter reboiler pumps provide the
circulation through reboiler is double pass vertical cylindrical furnace having four burners fired
from the bottom. It has soot-blowing facility for convection section.
NAPHTHA HYDROTREATER UNIT (NHTU):

A) REACTION AND SEPARATION SECTION:
The naphtha from NSU is fed to HTU by a pump. The feed flow is controlled by flow control
valve. The feed then mixed with Rich Hydrogen Gas from HP separator of reformer. controls the
Rich Hydrogen gas flow. Both the liquid naphtha and rich hydrogen gas are pre-heated in a series
of exchangers, which are feed/reactor effluent heat exchangers. Then mixture is heated up to
reaction temperature in a furnace and fed to the reactor. The furnace is four pass having three
burners fired from bottom. The furnace is having facility of soot blowing. The reactor inlet
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
temperature is maintained by cascaded with either fuel oil or fuel gas PC's. The furnace is
provided with all safety shut down inter locks. It has also provision of decoking.
The desulfurisation and hydro treating reaction takes place in at almost constant
temperature since heat of reaction is quite negligible. The reactor is provided with facility of
steam and air for regeneration of catalyst.
The reactor catalyst bed has been provided with five number of thermo couple points
at various location to get the bed temperature during regeneration of the catalyst.
A line has been provided to feed the naphtha to stripper, during start up, bypassing
the reaction/separation section.
B) STRIPPER SECTION :
The separator liquid is pumped by 02-PA-001A/B under flow control 02-FC-1201
cascaded with 02-LC-1201 to stripper feed/bottom exchanger 02-EE-003 A/B/C when it gets heat
exchanged by hot stripper bottom stream.
The stripper column consists of 28 Nos. of valve trays one to eight number of trays
are single pass and the rest double pass. Feed coming from 02-EE-003
A/B/C enters at 9th
tray from two sides. The overhead vapors are cooled down in 02-EA-002-air condenser and
collected in 02-VV-002-stripper reflux drum. The fan load can be adjusted. The condensed
hydrocarbons are returned to column top by pump 02-PA-002A/B under flow control 02-FC-1301
cascaded with 02-LC-1302 as reflux to maintain the top temp. The water accumulated in the boot
is sent for disposal as sour water. 02-PC-1301 releasing excess gas in the FG system maintains the
reflux drum pressure. The facility is there to inject corrosion inhibitor by pump 02-PA-005A.
Stripper bottom product exchanged heat with stripper feed in 02-EE-003A/B/C and then sent to
reformer as hot feed. The excess or required hydro-treated naphtha is sent to storage after being
cooled in 02-EE-004 A/B under level control 02-LC-1301.
02-FF-002 reboiler heaters supply the necessary heat for stripper reboiling. 02-CC001 products are circulated through 02-FF-002 single pass cylinders vertical furnace by 02-PA-003
A/B. Partial vaporization occurs in 02-FF-002. 02-TC-1301 at 3rd plate from the bottom of 02-CC001 controls reboiling. Furnace is provided with all safety inter locks.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
CATALYTIC REFORMER UNIT (CRU)

Hydro treated naphtha from hydro treater unit is pumped to required pressure by
03-PA-001 A/B under flow control 03-FC-1101 A/B and mixed with recycle gas from the recycle gas
compressor (03-KA-001). The mixed feed is pre heated in the feed-effluent exchanger 03-EE-001
followed by feed/effluent exchanger 03-EE-002. Then the mixture is brought up to the reaction
temperature (480 0C) by heating in the pre-heater 03-FF-001 and then fed to 1st reactor 03-RB001.
As the reaction is endothermic, the temperature drops, so the first reactor effluent
is heated in the first inter heater 03-FF-002 prior to be sent to the second reactor 03-RB-002.
In the same way 03-RB-002 effluents are heated in the second inter heater 03-FF003 prior to be fed to the third reactor 03-RB-003.
The effluent from the last reactor 03-RB-003 is split into two streams and send for
heat recovery parallely to feed/effluent exchanger (03-EE-002) and stabilizer reboiler (03-EE-003).
The outlet from the two exchangers is combined by a these way valve 03-TIC-1101 and then
cooled down successively in the Zeemann Secathen exchanger (03-EE-001), reformer effluent
cooler 03-EA-001 and effluent trim cooler 03-EE-004. The cooled reactor effluent is flashed in the
reformer separator 03-VV-001.
Vapor and liquid phase are separated in separator 03-VV-001. Part of the gas phase
constitutes the hydrogen recycle gas to the reactor circulated by recycle gas compressor 03-KA001. The hydrogen rich gas compressor 03-KA-002 A/B compresses remaining amount,
corresponding to the amount of gas produced. The pressure control in separator is achieved by a
kick back gas flow from HP Absorber (03-VV-003) to separator. Should the gas be produced in
excess to 03-KA-002 A/B capacity, degassing in split range to fuel gas is performed, through 03-PC1401 A and 03-PC-1402.
The separator liquid is sent by reformer separator bottom pumps (03-PA-002 A/B)
under level control 03-LC-1401 for recontacting with the gas compressed by
03-KA-002
A/B.
The hot flue gases from all the three reformer furnaces are combined and sent to stream
generation system for waste heat recovery to produce MP steam. Provision is there to dry the
recycle gas into a dryer (03-RB-004). The dryer can later be regenerated.
The unit has also been provided with facilities for continuous chloriding, water
injection, DMDS/Ccl4 injection and caustic soda circulation.
The separator (03-VV-001) vapor after passing through KO drum (03-VV-002) is
compressed in the H2 Rich Gas Compressor (03-KA-002 A/B) and recontacted with separator
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
liquid. The recontacted vapor and liquid is cooled in a cooler (03-EE-005) and then fed to HP
absorber (03-VV-003). The aim of this device is to allow for high recovery of the C5 contained in
the gas phase of separator and improves the quality (H2 concentration) of the produced gas.
A part of hydrogen rich vapor goes to HTU as a make up hydrogen through
02FC1202 and balance goes to the suction KO drum of HGU compressor K-05 that is run to
provide H2 to DHDT after purification in a PSA unit through 3PC1601B.03PC1601 remains inline
with fuel gas system at a slight higher set point than 3PC1601B.So that any excess gas can be
routed to FG system through 03PC1601.
The liquid from the 03-VV-003 is drawn off under level control 03-LC-1601 and
mixed with stabilizer vapor distillate. The combined stream is cooled in LPG absorber feed cooler
03-EE-006 and flashed in LPG absorber. Off-gas is sent under pressure control to fuel gas system.
Stabilizer feed pumps 03-PA-003 A/B pumps the liquid from 03-VV-004. After pre heating in
stabilizer feed/bottom exchanger 03-EE-007 the mixture is fed to the stabilizer 03-CC-001 at tray
No. 13.
Stabilizer over head vapours is partially condensed in stabilizer condenser 03-EE008 and flashed in stabilizer reflux drum 03-VV-005. The vapor phase is sent to LPG absorber for C3
and C4 recovery. A part of condensed liquid is pumped as reflux to the column by stabilizer reflux
pump 03-PA-004 A/B under the flow control and the balance is sent to LPG Recovery Unit under
level control of reflux drum.
The heat of reboiling to the stabilizer is provided by the hot reactor effluent in the
stabilizer reboiler 03-EE-003 and the desired temperature maintained by controlling the flow of
reactor effluent by the three way valve.
The bottom product, stabilized reformate, is cooled in the feed/bottom exchanger 03-EE-007
followed by reformate cooler 03-EA-002 and reformate trim cooler 03-EE-009 before being
routed to storage Tk 77 to 84.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
2.4 Prime G+ Unit

2.4.1 Introduction
SHU section, treating the full range RFCC LCN gasoline, converting Diolefins to olefins and
light fraction sweetened to recover a sweet desulfurized light cut to be sent to Gasoline
Pool and a heavy cut sent to HDS section along with fresh HCN feed. This section allows to
reach very high selectivity and to minimize the octane loss to recover a sweet desulfurized
heavy cut to be sent to Gasoline pool.
2.4.2 Chemical Reactions :

SHU Reactor
In this reactor, the diolefins are hydrogenated in order to avoid gum formation in the
hydrotreating section where hydrodesulphurization takes place. Light mercaptans and
some other light sulfur compounds are converted to heavier sulfur compounds enabling
the production of a light naphtha fraction almost free of mercaptans and light sulfides. In
addition, external olefins are isomerized to internal olefins.
Chemical reactions
The cracked gasoline contains the following unsaturated components:
Diolefins (aliphatics or cyclics),
Olefins,
Aromatics.
Several chemical reactions can take place during the diolefin hydrogenation. The most
important ones are:
The hydrogenation of diolefins,
The conversion of light mercaptans and some light sulfur compounds into heavier
sulfur species,
The isomerization of olefins,
The hydrogenation of olefins.
The last reaction must be avoided as much as possible to minimize octane loss.
Hydrogenation of diolefins
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Diolefins are hydrogenated into corresponding olefins and some of the olefins are
hydrogenated into corresponding paraffins. The diolefins content is measured with the
Diene Value (DV) or the Maleic Anhydride Value (MAV) analysis.
Diolefins:
Their hydrogenation produces several isomers, for example:
CH3 - CH = CH - CH2 - CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3 CH = CH CH = CH CH2 CH3 + H2
2 Heptene (cis and trans)
2 4 Heptadiene
CH3 CH2CH2 CH = CH - CH2 - CH3
4 Heptene (cis and trans)
Moreover double bond migration can also occur within the newly generated olefins.
Diolefins are very unstable compounds which polymerize easily into gums. Therefore
conversion of diolefins into olefins improves the product quality. These reactions are highly
exothermic. The difference between the Diene Value (DV) or the Maleic Anhydride Value
(MAV) of the feed and the DV or MAV of product measures the extent of these reactions
and is related to the hydrogen consumption.
Isomerization of olefins
CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 CH 3 - CH = CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
1 - Hexene
2 - Hexene
This reaction, thermodynamically enhanced by low temperatures (less than 200 deg. C)
takes place when diolefins are almost completely eliminated. It offers the advantage of
leading to internal olefins that are more stable towards hydrogenation than external
olefins. Thus the selectivity is improved. In addition, internal olefins often have a higher
octane number.
Hydrogenation of olefins
These reactions are undesirable because they reduce the octane number.
The hydrogenation of diolefins is faster than the hydrogenation of olefins. Nevertheless it
is difficult to completely avoid some olefins hydrogenation.
This reaction is also exothermic.
The difference between the feed bromine number (BrN) and the product BrN measures
the conversion rate of this reaction and is related to the hydrogen consumption.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Sulfur reaction
Conversion of Light Mercaptans to Heavier Sulfides
RSH
R' (C5 to C7 olefin)
RS R'
Conversion of Light Mercaptans to Heavier Mercaptans

Step 1
RSH
H2
RH
+ H 2S
R'SH
CH4 and C2H 6
Step 2
H2S
Conversion of Sulfides to Heavier Mercaptans

CH3 S CH3 or
C2H5 S CH 3
H2
H2S
H 2S
R'SH
Conversion of H2S to Heavier Mercaptans

H2S
R'SH
HDS Reactor
Chemical reactions
Sulfur removal reactions are the desired chemical reactions and are accompanied by Olefin
saturation reactions. In addition, denitrogenation reactions can take place but in a much
lower extent.
All these reactions are exothermic.
Desulfurization
The typical sulfur compounds in cracked gasoline are of the thiophenic and
benzothiophenic types.
The desulfurization of the sulfur compounds occurs in several steps:
Thiophene
Thiophane
Mercaptans
Chapter -2
H2S

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
The desulfurization reactions are exothermic, but given the relatively low concentration of
reactant involved, these reactions do not significantly contribute to the overall reactor
exotherm.
Benzothiophenes are essentially converted and the residual sulfur is essentially in the form
of thiophenes and mercaptans.
Hydrogenation of olefins
Hydrogenation or olefin saturation is the addition of a hydrogen molecule to an
unsaturated hydrocarbon to produce a saturated product. Olefinic hydrocarbons are found
in high concentrations in cracked gasolines. The olefin saturation reaction is highly
exothermic and is controlled by the process. The comparative reactivity of olefins (from
more reactive to less reactive) is as follows:
n alpha - olefins / n internal olefins / alpha branched olefins / cyclic olefins / internal
branched olefins.
This reaction is exothermic (delta H = 30 kcal/mol) and most of the heat release in the
reactor is due to the heat of reaction of the olefins hydrogenation. Under the selected
operation conditions, the olefin hydrogenation level is lower than that of hydrodesulfurization. Therefore, good selectivity is achieved. In order to desulfurize the FCC
naphtha while maximizing octane retention, the olefin saturation must be minimized. The
catalyst selectivity is defined as the hydrodesulfurization rate divided by the olefin
saturation rate.
Typical olefins hydrogenation reactions are:
+ H2
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -CH2 -CH2 - CH = CH2
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 -CH2 -CH3
1-heptene (n olefins)
n-heptane
+ H2
CH3 - CH - CH = CH CH3
CH3
CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
4 methyl 2 pentene
CH3
2 methyl pentane
(branched internal olefins)
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Denitrification or Denitrogenation
Nitrogen is removed in catalytic hydrotreating by breaking the C-N bond producingnitrogen free aliphatic hydrocarbons and ammonia. Breaking the C-N bond is more difficult
to achieve than the C-S bond in desulfurization. Consequently, denitrification occurs to a
lesser extent than desulfurization.
Nitrogen compounds typically found in cracked gasolines are methylpyrrol and pyridine
types.
CH
CH
+ 4H 2
CH
12
NH 3
C - CH 3
NH
Methylpyrrol
n-pentane
+ 5 H2
ammonia
C5 H 12 + NH 3
n- pentane ammonia
N
pyridine
The heat released by the denitrification reactions is also negligible owing to the small
amount of nitrogen compound involved.
H2S Influence
H2S is a strong inhibitor of the hydrodesulfurization reactions and favors recombinant
mercaptans formation. However, it does not decrease the olefin hydrogenation level. As a
result, H2S decreases both catalyst activity and selectivity.
For this reason, the H2S is removed from the recycle gas through an amine absorber.
Relative rates of reaction
Under the selected operating conditions and the choice of catalyst, these reactions are
classified in decreasing order of reaction extent:
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
hydrodesulfurization > olefins hydrogenation > > > aromatic hydrogenation

SHU : Reaction Section
The unit feed is Light Cracked Naphtha (LCN) gasoline coming directly from the RFCC unit
or mixed with a limited quantity of feed from storage tank-31/32. The feed is first routed
to LCN feed filters 803-G-01, in order to remove scale particles and gummy ingredients.
Feed from storage will be limited to 10% of total feed.
The RFCC LCN gasoline (IBP - 140C Cut) feed is then charged to the SHU Feed Surge Drum,
803-V-01. The SHU Feed Surge Drum pressure is maintained @ 2.3 by split range control of
hydrogen and venting to flare. The unit feed is pumped to the SHU (Selective
Hydrogenation Unit) section by SHU Feed Pumps, 803-P-01 A/B, under flow control. The
hydrogen make-up is coming from HGU (Hydrogen plant) or CRU (Unit 03) via the first
stage of hydrogen make-up compressors of Isomerization unit (Unit 802), 802-K-01 A/B@
35 kg/cm2g. These H 2 make-up compressors allow working at 26.0 kg/cmg at SHU
Reactors inlet. The flow of hydrogen is mixed with the feed to SHU reaction section under
flow control to the LCN gasoline feed.
The mixture of gasoline feed and hydrogen make-up is preheated in the SHU feed / Splitter
bottom exchanger, 803-E-01 and then by exchanging heat with the SHU reactor effluent in
the SHU Feed / Effluent Exchanger, 803-E-02. The mixture is then heated to the proper
reactor inlet temperature 150-200C in SHU Preheater, 803-E-03, by desuperheated
Medium High Pressure steam (MHS) under flow control reset by temperature control at
the SHU reactor inlet.
To allow a good control of the SHU reactor inlet temperature, a minimum temperature
increase of 5 deg. C must be achieved in the SHU Preheater, 803-E-03. For that purpose, a
bypass of SHU Feed / Splitter bottom exchanger, 803-E-01, and SHU Feed / Effluent
Exchanger, 803-E-02 cold side is installed. This bypass line is only required for the start-up
operation, as both exchangers are designed for the EOR conditions.
During start-up, the heat exchangers are clean, potentially oversized and the catalyst may
be very active. In order to maintain the inlet temperature of the splitter close to the
normal operating conditions, a bypass of the SHU Feed / Effluent Exchanger, 803-E-02, hot
side is provided to limit high fluctuations at the splitter inlet and avoid an overload of the
splitter bottom section.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
The SHU Reactors 803-R-01 A/B are two identical single bed downflow reactors. Both
reactors are designed to operate in the lead/lag position or in a single reactor
configuration to enable on-line catalyst replacement. The piping arrangement and valves
allow the flexibility to take one reactor off line for isolation and catalyst change out, while
the other reactor remains in operation. After catalyst change out, the isolated reactor is
then put back on line in tailing position. This reactor arrangement provides the operating
flexibility to ensure a continuous operation.
The fluid entering the SHU Reactors is mostly liquid. The vaporization in the reactor is kept
to a minimum in order to achieve the required reactor performances.
The reactor effluent is cooled down by exchanging heat with the feed in the SHU Reactor
Feed / Effluent Exchanger, 803-E-02. Then the effluent flows to the SHU Splitter, 803-C-01,
under pressure control of the SHU Reactor inlet.
As the selective hydrogenation reactor is operated mainly in liquid phase, a sufficient liquid
velocity shall be maintained at its inlet. Therefore, the hydrocarbon flowrate to the reactor
shall be at least 75 % of the design flowrate. In case of turndown (50% of capacity), part of
the HDS stabilizer bottom shall be recycled to the Feed surge drum 803-V-01, via LCN feed
filters, under flow control. This recycle line is installed after cooling down by 803-E-11 A/B,
803-AC-06 and 803-E-14 in order to maintain a temperature of about 45deg. C in 803-V-01
and consequently keep the same heat recovery in the exchanger train.
SHU : Splitter Section
The SHU Splitter 803-C-01 has 51 trays and the feed enters the column at tray 38. The
purpose of the SHU Splitter is to fractionate the selective hydrogenation reactor effluent to
produce a Light Light Cracked Naphtha (LLCN), a Heart Cut and a Heavy LCN stream. The
LLCN / Heart Cut cut-point is adjusted to produce LLCN with low sulfur content and
minimal thiophene carry-over, while simultaneously recovering a large portion of olefins.
This is possible since the heavier boiling components contain a disproportionate amount of
sulfur relative to olefins. The Heart Cut / Hy. LCN cut-point is adjusted to produce a rich C5C6 cut to send to Isomerization Unit after further hydrotreatment.
The SHU Splitter overhead is partially condensed in the SHU Splitter overhead air
condenser 803-AC-01A/B.Then it flows to the SHU Splitter Reflux Drum, 803-V-02, where
the vapor phase and liquid phase are separated. The vapor phase (excess of hydrogen and
light ends in the hydrogen make-up) is further cooled in SHU Splitter Post-Condenser, 803E-05. Liquid condensates are routed to the SHU Splitter Reflux Drum, 803-V-02 while sweet
vapor phase is routed to the refinery Fuel Gas system under pressure control to maintain
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
the Splitter overhead pressure. In case of total hydrogen consumption in SHU Reactors,
hydrogen injection maintains the pressure in the Splitter.
The liquid from the SHU Splitter Reflux Drum, 803-V-02, is pumped by the SHU Splitter
Reflux Pumps 803-P-02 A/B, and sent to the top of the Splitter as reflux of the column,
under flow control reset by SHU Splitter Reflux Drum level control.
The LLCN product is drawn from a partial-draw off chimney tray located on tray 6 of the
Splitter, on flow control reset by Splitter tray 10 temperature control. The LLCN product is
cooled down in LLCN Air Cooler, 803-AC-02, pumped by LLCN Product Pumps, 803-P-03
A/B and cooled down in LLCN Cooler, 803-E-06, in order to meet the battery limit
conditions. LLCN product is directly sent to Gasoline MS Pool.
The Heart Cut product is drawn from a partial-draw off chimney tray located on tray 26 of
the Splitter, on flow control reset by Splitter tray 29 temperature control. The Heart Cut
product is cooled down in Heart Cut Air Cooler, 803-AC-03, pumped by Heart Cut Pumps,
803-P-04 A/B and cooled down in Heart Cut Cooler, 803-E-07, in order to meet the battery
limit conditions. A part of Heart Cut product is sent to NHDT Feed Surge Drum, 801-V-01,
of NHDT unit (Unit 801) while the remaining part is sent to the Gasoline MS Pool.
The splitter is reboiled with desuperheated Medium High Pressure steam (MHS) in a
thermosyphon reboiler, SHU Splitter Reboiler, 803-E-04. The MHS steam rate is under flow
control. The SHU Splitter bottom product is cooled down in SHU Feed / Splitter bottom
exchanger, 803-E-01.
The SHU splitter bottoms product is mixed with Heavy Cracked Naphtha (HCN) gasoline
feed from the RFCC unit (RFCCU), and routed to HDS Feed Surge Drum, 803-V-03. Part of
this SHU Splitter bottoms product can be sent to NHDT Feed Surge Drum, 801-V-01, of
NHDT unit (Unit 801) after cooling down in HCN to NHDT Air Cooler, 803-AC-07, and HCN
To NHDT Trim Cooler, 803-E-16.
If there is no HCN gasoline feed to process, part of the Splitter bottoms (after SHU Feed /
Splitter bottom exchanger) can be cooled down through HCN to NHDT Air Cooler, 803-AC07, to maintain the operating temperature in the HDS Feed Surge Drum, 803-V-03.
HDS Section
Before mixing with Splitter bottoms in the HDS Feed Surge Drum, 803-V-03, the Heavy
Cracked Naphtha (HCN) gasoline feed from the RFCC unit (RFCCU) is first routed to HCN
feed filters 803-G-03, in order to remove scale particles and actual gums.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
The HDS Feed Surge Drum, 803-V-03, pressure is maintained by split range control of
hydrogen and venting to flare. The HDS feed is pumped to the HDS reaction section by HDS
Feed Pumps, 803-P-05 A/B, under flow control.
HDS liquid feed is combined with the recycled hydrogen and is preheated in the HDS
Feed/Effluent Exchangers, 803-E-08 A/B/C/D/E before entering HDS Reactor, 803-R-02.
The HDS Reactor operates downflow in totally vaporized phase. The HDS reactor is divided
into 2 beds: each bed contains HR-806 catalyst. The overall temperature rise in the reactor
is controlled by injection of liquid quench between the first and second bed. The liquid
quench is coming from HDS Separator drum, 803-V-04, via HDS Quench Pumps, 803-P-06
A/B, under flow control in cascade with the inlet temperature control of the second
catalytic bed.
The HDS effluent is further heated in the HDS Heater, 803-F-01. The heater is located
downstream the reactor so that the effluent entering is fully vaporized. The HDS reactor
inlet temperature is controlled with the heater outlet temperature by the duty of the fired
heater via fuel gas regulation control.
The effluent from the HDS heater is then cooled by the HDS Feed / Effluent Exchangers
803-E-08 A/B/C/D/E and HDS Effluent Air Condenser, 803-AC-04, and flows to the HDS
Separator drum, 803-V-04, in which two phases are separated.
The reactor effluent is water washed to dissolve any precipitation of ammonium salts prior
to cooling in the HDS Effluent Air Condenser. Salt formation, especially ammonium
chloride (NH4Cl) and ammonium bisulfide (NH4HS) in a lesser extent may precipitate
depending on the partial pressures of H2S, NH3 and Cl in the vapor phase. Wash water is
coming from condensates from NHDT unit 801-P-08 pump and is injected intermittently,
when required, upstream the HDS Effluent Condensers. A water phase containing H2S plus
some NH3, is removed and sent to the Sour Water Stripper Unit under interface level
control.
The liquid hydrocarbon phase is routed to the Stabilizer section, under flow control reset
by HDS Separator Drum level control, and the remaining part to the HDS Quench Pumps,
803-P-06 A/B.
The vapor hydrocarbon phase is cooled down in Amine Absorber Feed Cooler, 803-E-09,
and flows to the Amine Absorber KO Drum, 803-V-05, to remove any entrained liquid
droplets responsible of foaming in the amine absorber. Then the vapor phase flows to the
Amine Absorber, 803-C-02, where H2S is substantially removed from the gas.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
2.5 DHDT
2.5.1 INTRODUCTION
Diesel Hydrotreater (DHDT) is installed to improve the diesel quality with respect to Cetane No. &
other specification.
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
The design feed is a blend containing Straight run Gasoil from low sulphur imported crude (SRGOLS), Straight run Gasoil from high sulphur imported crude from middle east (SRGO-HS), Total Cycle
Oil from FCCU (TCO), Light Coker Gasoil from Coker unit (LCGO) with below mentioned properties.
UNIT CAPACITY
1)
2)
3)
Design Capacity
Stream Factor
Turndown
:
:
:
2.2 MMTPA
8,000 hours per year
40% of design capacity
2.5.2 BASIS OF DESIGN & CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Feedstock properties
Depending on the case, the feed is a blend of different gasoil streams with the following
properties:
LS GO
Density@15 0C
Total Sulphur, wt%
Total Nitrogen, ppmw
Bromine Number
Flash Point, 0C
Pour Point, 0C
Viscosity@40 0C, cSt
Cetane Number
Metals
Ni + V, ppmw
Fe, ppmw
Chliride, ppmw
Silicon, ppmw
Distillation Temp,%
IBP
5%
10%
30%
50%
70%
90%
95%
HS
GO
0.8640 0.8544
0.15
2.2
70
60
2
2
75
80
Specific 3
4.5
4.0
44
50
LS
LVGO
0.8862
0.21
500
2
114
9
7.0
42
HS
LVGO
0.875
3.0
400
2
112
-3
6.5
46
CK
CGO
HCN
LCO
0.8436
2.31
700
25
35
12
30.
36
0.9050
3.84
1550
50
85
15
7.0
38
0.8293
0.53
400
40
37
0
18
0.9519
2.5
1500
25
80
0
6.0
20
0.04
0.3
0.3
D-86
0.2
0.3
0.3
D-86
0.07
0.3
12
3.0
D-86
2.0
0.3
D-86
4.0
0.3
10
0
D-86
190
230
249
272
296
318
364
370
0.2
0.3
0.5
D1160
225
252
265
287
302
330
360
375
0.1
0.3
10
3.0
D-86
192
235
252
276
292
315
362
375
0.2
0.3
0.5
D1160
242
268
274
295
312
340
380
400
140
164
173
202
226
252
279
290
181
193
220
250
275
315
340
365
130
139
142
149
157
171
192
202
173
202
214
247
275
307
354
367
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery
EBP
395
390
420

BS-IV Project
395
316
380
213
372
Each feed throughput is as follows:

Feed 1
Feed 2
Feed 3
Feed Rate, kg/hr
275000
275000
275000
LS GO, wt%
56.0
45.0
36.5
HS GO, wt%
5.0
8.0
21.0
LS LVGO, wt%
5.0
5.0
0
HS LVGO, wt%
1.0
2.0
5.5
CK, wt%
6.0 (1)
6.0 (1)
9.0
(1)
(1)
CGO, wt%
3.5
4.0
4.5
HCN, wt%
9.0 (1)
10.0 (1)
10.5
(1)
(1)
LCO, wt%
14.5
20.0
13.0
Total Cracked Components, wt%
33.0
40.0
37.0
(1) Sulphur content of 0.32%, 0.42%, 0.14% and 1.19% wt% respectively in CK, CGO, HCN and
LCO considered for Feed 1 and Feed 2.
The specified properties of the feed stocks are as follows:
Specific Gravity
Sulphur, wt%
Nitrogen, wtppm
Bromine Number, g/100g
Mono aromatics content, wt%
Di aromatics content, wt%
Tri aromatics content, wt%
ASTM D86 Distillation Temperatures
IBP,
10%,
30%
50%
70%
90%
EBP
Feed 1
0.871
0.454
421
11.8
19.0
12.8
3.0
Feed 2
0.876
0.602
513
13.7
20.0
13.7
3.4
Feed 3
0.869
1.443
430
13.2
18.0
10.3
3.2
130
197
252
280
307
355
402
130
193
249
278
306
354
402
130
190
246
276
305
353
400
The product specifications required to be met are as follows:

Unit Feed rate, kg/hr
Total pressure drop across catalyst beds in three reactors, kg/cm2
Product Diesel total Sulphur max, ppm
Product Diesel Density @ 150C, kg/m3
Chapter -2
275000
8.5 max
40
0.840 max

Barauni Refinery
Product Diesel Cetane Number

Product Diesel 95 vol% distillation ( D86 ), 0C
Diesel yield at 400C Flash Point, wt%

BS-IV Project
51.5
360
92.0
HYDROTREATING CHEMISTRY WITH REACTIONS

The following chemical steps and/or reactions occur during the hydro treating process:
Sulfur Removal
Typical feed stocks to the Union fining unit will contain simple mercaptans, sulfides and disulfides.
These compounds are easily converted to H2S. However, feed stocks containing heteroatomic
aromatic molecules are more difficult to process. Desulfurization of these compounds proceeds by
initial ring opening and sulfur removal followed by saturation of the resulting olefin. Thiophene is
considered 15 times more difficult to process compared to diethyl sulfide.
a.
b.
Mercaptan
Sulfide
c.
Disulfide
d.
Cyclic Sulfide
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery
e.

BS-IV Project
Thiophenic
Nitrogen Removal
Denitrogenation is generally more difficult than desulfurization. Side reactions may yield nitrogen
compounds more difficult to hydrogenate than the original reactant. Saturation of heterocyclic
nitrogen-containing rings are also hindered by large attached groups.
The reaction mechanism steps are different compared to desulfurization. The denitrogenation of
pyridine proceeds by aromatic ring saturation, ring hydrogenolysis, and finally denitrogenation.
a.
Pyridine
1.1
b.
Quinoline
c.
Pyrrole
Oxygen Removal
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Organically combined oxygen is removed by hydrogenation of the carbon-hydroxyl bond forming

water and the corresponding hydrocarbon.
a.
Phenols
Olefin Saturation
Olefin saturation reactions proceed very rapidly and have a high heat of reaction.
a.
b.
Linear Olefin
Cyclic Olefin
Aromatic Saturation
Aromatic saturation reactions are the most difficult. The reactions are influenced by process
conditions and are often equilibrium limited. Unit design parameters would consider the desired
degree of saturation for each specific unit. The saturation reaction is very exothermic.
Halides Removal
Organic halides, such as chlorides and bromides, are decomposed in the reactor. The inorganic
ammonium halide salts which are produced when the reactants are cooled are then dissolved by
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
injecting water into the reactor effluent or leave with the stripper off-gas. Decomposition of
organic halides is considered difficult with a maximum removal of ~90%.
Reaction Rates
The approximate relative heats of reaction per unit of hydrogen consumption for these reactions
are:
Desulfurization
1
Olefin Saturation
2
Denitrification
1
Aromatics Saturation
1
All of the reactions discussed above are exothermic and result in a temperature rise across the
reactor. Olefin saturation and some desulfurization reactions have similarly rapid reaction rates,
but it is the saturation of olefin which generates the greatest amount of heat. The temperature
rise expected for a given charge stock along with the desired product quality will play a very
important role in determining the number, size, and arrangement of the reactors, heat exchange,
and hydrogen circulation rate.

The exact arrangement of lines, vessels, etc. may vary from unit to unit, but basically all units will
consist of a reaction section and a fractionation section. These two sections are described below in
general terms.
REACTION SECTION
Fresh Feed System
The feed to the unit can be either cold (40 deg C) and hot (100 deg C). Feed obtained from
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
offsite storage tanks at 40 deg C is pumped into a Feed coalescer for the removal of potential free
water. The feed is further heated to 100 deg C in a preheater exchanger. Hot feed is sent from
offsite and pumped by Hot feed pumps. The combined feed is sent through a Feed Filter for
removal of suspended solids to the feed surge drum which is blanked with nitrogen to prevent
gum formation resulting in possible equipment fouling.
The feed pumps take suction from the feed surge drum and pumps the raw oil to reactor
loops and the feed is preheated via process exchangers with reactor effluent.
The feed pumps are high head machines capable of pumping large volumes of oil at
pressures of over 120 kg/cm2. The manufacturers instructions must be consulted before operating
the charge pumps since special care must be taken to avoid damage due to low flow, high
temperatures, vibration, etc. Proper lubrication and cooling must be assured at all times both for
the pump and its driver if serious damage is to be avoided. This type of pump should never be
operated against a blocked discharge, nor at flow rates below the minimum recommended by the
manufacturer. A spillback to the surge drum may be added to maintain minimum flow at reduce
throughput.
Feed Heat Exchange
In a more commonly used heat recovery scheme, the reactor charge is preheated by the
reactor effluent in a series of feed-effluent exchangers before entering the reactor charge heater
This attempts to recover as much heat as possible from the heat of reaction. Liquid feed is
preheated separately with reactor-effluent exchanges before combining with the recycle gas which
is also preheated with reactor-effluent exchanges. The combined feed stream enters a mixed
phase heater to reach the desired reactor inlet temperature (340-370). A fresh feed bypass
around one or more exchangers is used to provide better control of the charge heater outlet
temperature.
Austenitic stainless steel materials are normally used in the hottest heat exchangers. These
materials provide the best resistance to the corrosive atmosphere and severe operating
conditions. However, they are subject to stress corrosion when exposed to air and moisture. This
type of corrosion can be avoided by neutralizing the sulfide scale on the tube walls and by avoiding
the condensation of moisture in the tubes.
Makeup Hydrogen System
Make-up H2 is obtained from Hydrogen unit at a pressure of 19.5 kg/cm2g. Since the
reactor section pressure is 90-95 kg/cm2g, the make-up gas must be compressed before it can join
the system. The compression system consists of two identical makeup compressors. Reciprocating
compressors are used to raise the pressure of the gas, with two stages of compression varying in
accordance with the difference between the supply and reaction section pressures. From the
discharge of the last stage of compression, the makeup gas joins the recycle gas just before
Effluent condenser. The point of entry into the reactor circuit depends on whether or not a stage
of compression can be saved by entering the circuit at a lower pressure location.
On multi-stage compressors the gas from the first stage must be cooled to about 45 deg C
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
before it can enter the second stage. The spillback gases, used to control the inter-stage suction
from and make up suction drum pressures also need to be cooled in First stage discharge cooler
and First stage discharge trim cooler before being returned to the first suction drum.
Reciprocating compressors are driven by electric motors. The manufacturers instructions
for the startup, shutdown and care of these units must be studied and well understood. In general,
close attention must be paid to the compression ratio across each cylinder as well as the suction
and discharge temperatures. Excessive compression ratios must be avoided since they will lead to
high cylinder discharge temperatures, rapid wear, low compressor efficiency, and a possible
overloading of the drive.
The cylinder discharge temperatures give a very good indication of the performance of the
machine and should be recorded on a regular basis. Higher than normal temperatures show that
cylinder or inter stage cooling may be inadequate, or that the compressor valves are faulty. In such
cases, quick remedial action must be taken in order to avoid overheating and damaging the
cylinders. It must be remembered that higher than design compression ratio and high molecular
weight gases (as indicated by a reduction in H2 purity) will increase the load on the driver.
The flow of makeup gas through the compressor and into the unit is controlled by a
complex system of pressure controllers on the high pressure separator and the first stage suction
drum. The basic philosophy of the control scheme is to control the flow of gas as the demand for
hydrogen dictates (as determined by the pressure in the high pressure separator). As hydrogen is
consumed in the reactors, the pressure in the high pressure separator will start to decrease. This
will in turn call for more makeup gas by closing the control valve in the spillback line from the final
stage discharge to suction.
In the event that the unit is calling for more makeup gas than is available (hydrogen
consumption is too high), the pressure control system essentially works in reverse. The first stage
suction drum pressure will start falling because there is not sufficient gas available from the
hydrogen plant to replace what is being pumped out of the suction drum. When this happens, the
pressure controller on the first stage suction drum senses the decrease in pressure and, in order to
protect the first stage of the compressor from excessive compression ratio, forces the first stage
spillback valve to open. This spill backs more gas back to the first stage suction drum to build the
pressure back up. The high pressure separator pressure will start decreasing. At this point the
operator will recognize that hydrogen consumption is exceeding supply and must be reduced
either by decreasing reactor temperatures or feed rate or both. Alternatively, the hydrogen supply
may be increased.
It is very important for operating personnel to become familiar with the mode of control
used so that pressure beyond the capability of the equipment may be avoided. The maximum
allowable compressor temperatures and compression ratios should be obtained from the
manufacturer and posted in the control room or near the compressors.
Recycle Hydrogen System
After separation of the gas and liquid phases in the high pressure separator, the gas leaves
from the top of the high pressure separator and flows to the suction of the recycle gas compressor
via Recycle gas K.O drum. The recycle gas will be sent to an amine scrubber to remove H2S in the
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
future.
Non-condensable gases are removed from the condensate receiver by means of steam jet
ejectors. The condensate is removed from the receiver and pumped to the refinery condensate
header or H2 Plant in OSBL. Note that condensate should never be allowed to enter the turbine
since it would seriously damage the rotor and other internals. Whenever the compressor is out of
service the turbine casing drains should be kept open and sufficient steam flow should be
maintained to keep the turbine warm.
Lube oil circulation should also be maintained when the compressor is down, and only shut
off when required for maintenance.
After the recycle compressor discharge, some recycle gas will be split off the main stream for use
as quench gas between catalyst beds in the reactor. Separate quench gas streams are used to
reduce reactor inter bed temperatures before each catalyst bed. Quench flow is regulated by a
flow controller cascaded from a temperature controller at the top of the catalyst bed below the
quench zone.
The makeup gas joins the recycle gas before the recycle gas compressor in order for a
makeup stage of compression to be saved. The combined makeup and recycle gas is divided into
passes which are normally allow controlled into the combined feed passes going to the combined
feed exchanger. The object is to maintain equal gas flow to each reactor charge heater pass at a
sufficiently high rate to avoid overheating the tubes. From this point until it returns to the high
pressure separator, the gas flows along with the liquid through the reactor circuit in the same
manner previously described.
Reactor
Once the feed and recycle gas have been heated to the desired temperature, the reactants
enter the top of the reactor. As the reactants flow downward through the catalyst bed, various
exothermic chemical reactions occur and the temperature increases. Each bed will contain a 3
element radial thermocouple assembly at the top and at periodic levels down through the bed
dependent upon bed length.
Multiple catalyst beds are provided depending upon the heat of reaction and unit capacity.
Reactor skin thermocouples will be provided at the bottom of each bed and on the bottom reactor
head, for monitoring the reactor wall temperature.
Specific reactor designs will depend upon several variables. Reactor diameter is typically
set by the cross-sectional liquid flux. As the unit capacity increases, the reactor diameter increases
to the point where two parallel trains would be considered. Reactor height is a function of the
amount of catalyst and number of beds required. Other local factors may also influence the
reactor design including seismic activity and weight limitations. Crane, bridges and road capacities
are also factors.
The reactors are typically divided into individual catalyst beds supported on a beam and
grid support system. The support system is separated from the next bed of catalyst by a quench
gas distributor, reactant mixing internals and a vapor/liquid re-distributor tray. The reasons for
separating a reactor into separate beds are the following:
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery
a.
b.
c.

BS-IV Project
If the gas and liquid flows become poorly distributed part way through the reactor, the
catalyst will not be effectively utilized, by separating a reactor into multiple beds with
redistribution trays in between, the reactants existing one bed are redistributed evenly
across the cross-sectional area of the next catalyst bed. In this way, should there be a
problem with distribution in a bed; the catalyst in the lower beds will still be effectively
utilized.
If the radial temperature profile becomes skewed part way through a reactor, the reaction
rates will be different in different parts of the catalyst bed. This overworks the part of the
catalyst that is hotter and under-utilizes the part of the catalyst bed that is cooler. It is also
potentially hazardous if the hotter portion becomes significantly higher than the bulk
temperature and forms a hot spot, especially if the hot spot is next to the reactor wall.
Mixing of the reactants reestablishes thermal equilibrium and thus, after every quench
zone, assures that all the catalyst is efficiently utilized.
In certain situations the heat of reaction will be large enough that the temperature
increase across a reactor will be greater than the design. If this were allowed to happen, a
reaction could become unstable and result in a temperature runaway. Therefore, cold
recycle gas about 40-65deg C is brought into the reactor at the inter bed quench points in
order to cool the reactants and thus control the reaction rate.
Good distribution of reactants at the reactor inlet and at the top of each subsequent catalyst bed
is essential for optimum catalyst performance. UOP's proprietary reactor internals are used to
accomplish this distribution.
FRACTIONATION SECTION
The function of the fractionation section is to separate sour gas and naphtha from the diesel
product. This can be accomplished with a column fractionation scheme. The hydrocarbon liquid
collected in the Flash drum is sent to a stripper column on level control. The feed is preheated by
reactor effluent. Stripping steam (MP steam) is used under flow control to re boil the stripper.
Steam added to the bottom of the tower helps strip light ends from the bottoms.
Light ends and H2S gather at the top of the stripper and are partially condensed in stripper
overhead condenser and Stripper overhead trim cooler. Corrosion inhibitor is injected into the
stripper overhead line ahead of the overhead condenser. Three phases are separated in the
stripper overhead drum. Sour water is combined with the sour water from the Flash drum and
sent to waste water stripping unit at battery limit.
The liquid hydrocarbon are pumped through the stripper reflux pumps and split into three
streams. First one is reflux which is returned to top of the stripper under level control and second
is other reflux routed to the 7th tray of the stripper under the flow control after being heated by
the diesel product hot naphtha recycle exchanger . And third stream is liquid distillate (un
stabilized naphtha) which is routed to Naphtha stabilizer commissioned in August 2010 under
DHDT revamp (Earlier it was sent to FCCU).
Vapor stream is sent to the absorber knockout drum. This stream is mixed with gas from the
Chapter -2

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Flash drum and gas from naphtha stabilizer & MSQ (Under DHDT revamp in 2010) before it enters
Absorber knockout drum. The gas from absorber knockout drum is routed to the bottom of the LP
absorber. Lean amine is fed directly from battery limit into the absorber under flow control. After
washing the H2S in the hydrocarbon gas the amine gets collected in the bottom of the absorber.
Rich amine is sent under level control to the amine treating unit at battery limit. The overhead
gases from the absorber are routed to the Stripper gas amine knockout drum to remove the traces
of amine in the carryover. The sweet gas is routed to fuel gas header under the pressure control of
the stripper receiver.
The stripper bottom product exchanges against the returned naphtha reflux to 7th tray of the
stripper and undergoes further cooling in the feed preheat exchanger, the diesel product cooler
and the diesel product trim exchanger. Water is removed from the diesel product in the diesel
product coalescer and the diesel product is sent under flow control to the storage tank at battery
limit.
Chapter -2
Chapter 3
PFDs
Reflux Drum
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
COKER - A
Coker Off gas to LRU
EA-00-001
Air Cooler
EE-00-004
Condenser
E - 01
Reflux
Naptha to LRU
PA-14A/B
PA-002A/B
VV-00-001
Surge Drum
Primary Feed
Cold CLO from RFCCU
Sour Water to Existing SWS Unit
PA-11A/B(M)
Kero
C -1(M)
Main
Fraction
ator
LDO CR
Lean Kero to Sponge

Absorber (LRU)
K - 2(T)
CFO CR
Stripping Steam
VV-00-003
FO IR Surge Drum
EA-002
604-EE-54
LDO
K - 2(B)
Stripping Steam
Feed preheat
exchanger
Hot Feed from AVUs
CFO
Feed Preheat
Exchanger
Cold Feed from Storage Tank
Feed Pump
604-PA-001A/B
Air Cooler
EE-001A/B
Feed preheat
exchanger
PA-003A/B
FO IR/CR
604-PA-69A/B
PA-063A/B
CFO IR
Stripper
604-EE-001A&B
604-EE-002A/B
604-EE-003A/B/C/D
604-EE-0051
604-EE-52A/B/C/D
604-EE-53
604-EE-54
PA-004A/B
EE-002A/B
Trim Cooler
Hot kero to DHDT

Coker kero Run Down
EE-005A
BFW Heater
Air Cooler
Trim Cooler
Hot LDO to DHDT
EA-003
EE-006A/B
LDO Quench
Cooler
EE-010A/B
LDO Product
Run Down
TO V-04
PA-61A/B
EE-0055
LDO CR
Feed preheat/LDO CR
Exchanger-II
Feed preheat/LDO CR
Exchanger-I
Reactor overhead vapour
LDO
quench
PA-007A/B
LDO
quench
Anti Foam
K-7
CFO
Stripper
Fractionator Bottom
Anti Foam
Reactor/
Coke drum
RA -51A
EE-03A/B/C/D
EE-52A/B/C/D
Reactor/
Coke drum
RA -51B
Reactor Blow Down Vapour

Stripping Steam
EE-53
EE-51
EE-13
EA-005
HC recovery
Vessel (E - 9A)
Air Cooler
PA-005A/B
Feed
CFO Product -II
CFO Product
MP Steam
Feed
Generator
CFO Product -I
CFO Product
Run Down
To C - 1/ Slop
H -7 / H -5
PA-006A/B(M)/C(N)
Furnace
F-01(M) B
Legends:
Revamp
Existing
Steam
Steam
Red
Blue
Furnace
F-01 A
DECOMMISSIONED
CW
CW
COKE
COKE
Fractionator Bottom
Filter
E -9
Water
Scrubber
C -7
Oil
Scru
bber
Fuel Oil /
Fuel Gas
Filter
To C -1/ Slop
Reactor Chamber Drain
PA-025A/B
OWS
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
BITUROX UNIT
MP steam
Air
KOD
DM water
Steam Drum
603-V-501
BFW
Vaccum Gas Oil
Slop Oil
Vaccum Residue
603-E-501A/B/C
Preheat
exchangers
603-EE-507
Reactor
603-R-501
INCINERATOR/
CO INCINERATOR
Fuel Gas
Bitumen to tanks
Stack
Wash water
Scrubber
NaoH
Scrubbed water to ETP
H2
FL
26
PRIME G+
150
200
4.3
90
SPLIT-RANGE
803-AC-01
PIC
P-1.4
T-45
803-V-01
803-E-03
P-3.9
T-55
97
4.3
803-V-02
PC
MHS
STEAM
803-AC-02
S-11
4.6
123
803-AC-03
65
803-P-02A/B
122
132
803-G-01
803-P-01A/B
4.0
65
COND.
4.0
40
188
45
803-R-01A
803-R-01B
LCN FROM
RFCCU
LCN TO
MS POOL
23.5
803-P-03A/B
164
209
803-E-06
CWS
TC
H2
MAKEUP
CWR
4.0
188
803-C-01
803-E-02
40
HEART CUT
TO MS POOL
803-E-04
MHS
STEAM
803-P-04A/B
185
803-E-07
CWS
40
CWR
29
5.9
43
HEART CUT
TO NHDT
803-E-01
CWS
HCN TO
NHDT
21
280
340
5.3
803-AC-04
TC
803-V-04
803-AC-05
CWR
H2
MAKE-UP
803-E-12
123
P-15
T-55
P-4.6
T-40
803-V-07
803-V-03
TO FG
P-2.2
T-76
157
6.7
TC
14.4
40
14.7
803-G-02
803-F-01
207
332
405
14.6
14.3
LEAN
AMINE
803-P-06A/B
803-R-02
803-V-06
803-V-05
STEAM
5.6
300
370
HCN FROM
RFCCU
803-P-08
803-C-02
207
803-E-08C/D
135
140
803-P-05A/B
24.1
78
803-C-03
7.7
803-P-07
803-E-13
CWS
56
15.7
803-E-11A/B
803-E-08A/B/C
6.7
803-P-09A/B
803-AC-06
24.3
803-E-14
CWR
803-KA-01A/B
TO MS
POOL
RICH
AMINE
STREAM N3 ON BLOCK FLOW

DIAGRAM

DIAGRAM

DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM

DIAGRAM
Chapter -4
Baseline Data & Monitoring
Content
4.1 One Year baseline data for Air.
4.2 One Year baseline data for Water.
4.3 Stack Emission Monitoring.
4.4 Raw Water Requirement.
4.4.1 Present raw water requirement.
4.4.2 Post Project raw water requirement.
4.5 Treated Effluent Quality & Quantity.
4.6 Noise Pollution Monitoring.
4.7 Present Solid Waste Management.
4.8 Sulphur Balance
4.9 Note on SO2 emission and NOx emission
4.10 Air Pollution Control Devices.
4.1 One Year Baseline Data for Air

IOCL - BARAUNI REFINERY
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (MONTHLY AVG. VALUES)
Table 1.0- LOCATION: TIME OFFICE
Month
RPM(<10)
RPM <2.5
SO2
NO2
NH3
Pb
CO
(1 hour)
CO
Ozone
(8 hours) (1 hour)
Ozone
(8 hours)
HC
Benzene
Benzo(a)
pyrene
Arsenic
Nickel
Unit
(g/m3)
(g/m 3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m 3)
(mg/m 3)
(mg/m3)
(g/m 3)
(g/m3)
(ppm)
(g/m3)
(ng/m3)
(ng/m3)
(ng/m3)
60
(24 Hr)
40
(Ann)
30.29
80
(24 Hr)
50
(Ann)
9.29
80
(24 Hr)
40
(Ann)
20.86
400
(24 Hr)
100
(Ann)
15.00
1.0
(24 Hr)
0.5
(Ann)
0.28
4.0
2.0
180
100
NA
05
(Ann)
01
(Ann)
06
(Ann)
20
(Ann)
Apr-14
100
(24 Hr)
60
(Ann)
72.71
0.96
1.01
30.14
30.33
1.06
3.89
BDL
BDL
BDL
May-14
72.89
27.33
10.11
20.33
14.89
0.26
0.96
0.97
29.67
30.19
1.01
3.77
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jun-14
71.33
29.22
9.33
20.56
14.44
0.27
0.93
0.97
29.56
30.00
1.00
3.86
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jul-14
70.63
27.50
9.63
19.00
14.38
0.28
0.90
0.95
30.50
29.96
0.95
4.14
BDL
BDL
BDL
Aug-14
73.75
26.63
11.25
20.00
15.63
0.30
1.00
0.95
30.75
29.96
0.94
4.23
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sep-14
73.22
26.33
11.11
20.89
15.78
0.28
0.94
0.93
30.56
30.04
0.91
4.38
BDL
BDL
BDL
Oct-14
77.86
30.00
11.29
19.86
16.43
0.30
1.01
0.96
30.86
30.57
0.89
3.81
BDL
BDL
BDL
Nov-14
80.13
32.38
10.25
20.00
16.00
0.30
1.00
0.96
31.13
30.63
0.9
4.1
BDL
BDL
BDL
Dec-14
74.63
29.38
9.63
19.88
16.25
0.31
0.99
0.98
30.88
30.92
0.9
4.3
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jan-15
78.13
31.00
9.88
18.38
16.00
0.30
0.99
0.99
30.50
30.88
0.83
3.79
BDL
BDL
BDL
Feb-15
75.75
28.13
9.25
17.88
15.25
0.29
0.96
0.99
30.00
30.96
0.84
3.56
BDL
BDL
BDL
Mar-15
74.63
28.13
8.88
17.25
15.38
0.29
0.99
1.01
30.00
30.21
0.81
3.54
BDL
BDL
BDL
Limits

Table 2.0- LOCATION: LPG Substation 16
Month
RPM(<10)
RPM <2.5
SO2
NO2
NH3
Pb
CO
(1 hour)
CO
Ozone
(8 hours) (1 hour)
Ozone
(8 hours)
HC
Benzene
Benzo(a)
pyrene
Arsenic
Nickel
Unit
(g/m3)
(g/m 3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m 3)
(mg/m 3)
(mg/m3)
(g/m 3)
(g/m3)
(ppm)
(g/m3)
(ng/m3)
(ng/m3)
(ng/m3)
100
(24 Hr)
60
(Ann)
60
(24 Hr)
40
(Ann)
80
(24 Hr)
50
(Ann)
80
(24 Hr)
40
(Ann)
400
(24 Hr)
100
(Ann)
1.0
(24 Hr)
0.5
(Ann)
4.0
2.0
180
100
NA
05
(Ann)
01
(Ann)
06
(Ann)
20
(Ann)
Apr-14
73.25
29.13
9.88
23.63
16.75
0.30
1.03
1.03
31.13
30.88
1.21
3.96
BDL
BDL
BDL
May-14
75.38
29.00
10.50
23.13
16.38
0.29
1.03
1.01
30.75
30.58
1.14
4.10
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jun-14
73.63
30.50
10.75
22.38
16.13
0.29
1.00
0.99
31.38
30.38
1.13
4.06
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jul-14
72.78
28.67
10.67
21.22
15.89
0.30
1.02
0.97
31.44
30.74
1.11
4.61
BDL
BDL
BDL
Aug-14
76.14
30.86
12.71
20.29
14.71
0.33
0.96
1.01
31.29
30.86
1.03
4.77
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sep-14
75.75
29.25
13.13
21.50
15.88
0.33
1.01
1.03
31.38
30.96
1.00
4.85
BDL
BDL
BDL
Oct-14
78.63
30.25
13.25
21.38
16.13
0.32
1.05
1.04
31.50
30.71
0.96
4.63
BDL
BDL
BDL
Nov-14
80.63
31.75
11.63
22.50
16.38
0.32
1.00
0.95
31.00
30.79
0.9
4.5
BDL
BDL
BDL
Dec-14
76.78
29.22
11.11
21.67
16.67
0.32
1.04
0.98
31.56
30.93
0.9
4.0
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jan-15
79.22
33.33
11.33
20.56
16.56
0.30
1.00
0.99
31.11
31.30
0.86
3.91
BDL
BDL
BDL
Feb-15
77.13
29.25
10.50
19.63
16.13
0.30
1.01
1.01
30.25
30.71
0.89
4.14
BDL
BDL
BDL
Mar-15
75.38
30.88
10.75
19.88
15.75
0.30
1.03
1.00
29.63
30.33
0.90
3.93
BDL
BDL
BDL
Limits

Table 3.0- LOCATION: CRU CONTROL ROOM
Month
RPM(<10)
RPM <2.5
SO2
NO2
NH3
Pb
CO
(1 hour)
CO
Ozone
(8 hours) (1 hour)
Ozone
(8 hours)
HC
Benzene
Benzo(a)
pyrene
Arsenic
Nickel
Unit
(g/m3)
(g/m 3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m 3)
(mg/m 3)
(mg/m3)
(g/m 3)
(g/m3)
(ppm)
(g/m3)
(ng/m3)
(ng/m3)
(ng/m3)
100
(24 Hr)
60
(Ann)
60
(24 Hr)
40
(Ann)
80
(24 Hr)
50
(Ann)
80
(24 Hr)
40
(Ann)
400
(24 Hr)
100
(Ann)
1.0
(24 Hr)
0.5
(Ann)
4.0
2.0
180
100
NA
05
(Ann)
01
(Ann)
06
(Ann)
20
(Ann)
Apr-14
75.57
30.86
11.00
22.71
17.71
0.34
1.06
1.05
30.86
30.95
1.60
4.83
BDL
BDL
BDL
May-14
74.44
29.22
10.67
22.22
17.11
0.33
1.04
1.01
30.67
30.63
1.48
4.67
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jun-14
75.00
30.89
11.44
22.22
16.44
0.34
1.03
1.00
31.00
30.70
1.38
4.78
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jul-14
75.63
31.63
12.50
22.38
16.88
0.37
1.10
1.05
31.88
31.13
1.33
4.78
BDL
BDL
BDL
Aug-14
75.50
28.88
13.88
23.00
16.50
0.39
1.09
1.03
32.00
31.33
1.29
5.33
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sep-14
74.89
27.44
12.78
22.67
17.22
0.38
1.11
1.03
31.44
30.93
1.36
5.29
BDL
BDL
BDL
Oct-14
79.29
31.14
14.43
24.00
17.57
0.39
1.20
1.08
32.00
31.14
1.24
5.03
BDL
BDL
BDL
Nov-14
84.13
33.88
13.00
23.50
17.00
0.36
1.04
1.00
31.25
30.92
1.2
5.1
BDL
BDL
BDL
Dec-14
79.63
31.38
11.38
22.50
18.00
0.36
1.11
1.03
31.25
31.00
1.1
5.1
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jan-15
83.00
34.25
12.13
22.38
17.75
0.36
1.03
1.07
31.88
31.21
1.00
5.21
BDL
BDL
BDL
Feb-15
80.13
32.00
11.63
21.25
17.00
0.35
1.08
1.07
31.50
31.63
1.03
5.08
BDL
BDL
BDL
Mar-15
77.38
31.13
11.75
21.13
17.13
0.33
1.13
1.09
31.13
31.04
0.91
4.80
BDL
BDL
BDL
Limits

Table 4.0- LOCATION: BTP
Month
RPM(<10)
RPM <2.5
SO2
NO2
NH3
Pb
CO
(1 hour)
CO
Ozone
(8 hours) (1 hour)
Ozone
(8 hours)
HC
Benzene
Benzo(a)
pyrene
Arsenic
Nickel
Unit
(g/m3)
(g/m 3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m 3)
(mg/m 3)
(mg/m3)
(g/m 3)
(g/m3)
(ppm)
(g/m3)
(ng/m3)
(ng/m3)
(ng/m3)
100
(24 Hr)
60
(Ann)
60
(24 Hr)
40
(Ann)
80
(24 Hr)
50
(Ann)
80
(24 Hr)
40
(Ann)
400
(24 Hr)
100
(Ann)
1.0
(24 Hr)
0.5
(Ann)
4.0
2.0
180
100
NA
05
(Ann)
01
(Ann)
06
(Ann)
20
(Ann)
Apr-14
74.38
26.13
9.50
21.88
15.63
0.31
0.95
0.93
30.38
30.08
0.8
4.1
BDL
BDL
BDL
May-14
73.00
27.75
9.88
22.00
15.38
0.30
1.00
0.92
30.38
30.00
0.79
3.89
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jun-14
73.13
30.75
10.13
22.00
15.25
0.29
0.91
0.93
29.75
30.04
0.88
4.19
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jul-14
71.22
28.67
9.67
20.22
14.67
0.28
0.99
0.98
30.89
30.22
0.93
3.79
BDL
BDL
BDL
Aug-14
71.14
24.14
9.86
18.86
15.29
0.31
0.91
0.90
30.57
30.29
0.87
4.24
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sep-14
69.00
23.50
9.25
18.25
14.00
0.29
0.88
0.90
30.13
29.71
0.8
4.3
BDL
BDL
BDL
Oct-14
71.88
25.75
10.00
18.75
14.25
0.29
0.93
0.93
30.25
30.13
0.7
4.1
BDL
BDL
BDL
Nov-14
74.75
28.25
9.88
18.50
15.38
0.30
0.96
0.91
29.75
29.17
0.7
4.0
BDL
BDL
BDL
Dec-14
75.33
30.00
9.11
19.33
15.11
0.29
0.96
0.89
29.67
29.81
0.7
4.2
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jan-15
76.89
32.11
8.78
19.67
15.56
0.29
0.92
0.87
30.44
29.96
0.76
3.73
BDL
BDL
BDL
Feb-15
78.50
30.38
8.88
19.00
15.63
0.30
0.86
0.85
29.38
29.04
0.80
4.15
BDL
BDL
BDL
Mar-15
76.00
30.13
9.00
19.13
15.75
0.30
0.94
0.93
30.00
29.54
0.83
4.03
BDL
BDL
BDL
Limits

Table 5.0- LOCATION: BR REFINERY TOWNSHIP (ESTATE OFFICE)
Month
RPM(<10)
RPM <2.5
SO2
NO2
NH3
Pb
CO
(1 hour)
CO
Ozone
(8 hours) (1 hour)
Ozone
(8 hours)
HC
Benzene
Benzo(a)
pyrene
Arsenic
Nickel
Unit
(g/m3)
(g/m 3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m3)
(g/m 3)
(mg/m 3)
(mg/m3)
(g/m 3)
(g/m3)
(ppm)
(g/m3)
(ng/m3)
(ng/m3)
(ng/m3)
100
(24 Hr)
60
(Ann)
60
(24 Hr)
40
(Ann)
80
(24 Hr)
50
(Ann)
80
(24 Hr)
40
(Ann)
400
(24 Hr)
100
(Ann)
1.0
(24 Hr)
0.5
(Ann)
4.0
2.0
180
100
NA
05
(Ann)
01
(Ann)
06
(Ann)
20
(Ann)
Apr-14
62.86
22.29
4.86
14.71
12.43
0.05
0.57
0.54
14.00
14.00
0.26
0.47
BDL
BDL
BDL
May-14
61.00
21.44
4.78
14.44
11.89
0.05
0.57
0.53
13.67
14.19
0.24
0.42
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jun-14
63.00
24.11
4.89
14.78
13.00
0.05
0.51
0.50
13.89
13.96
0.23
0.41
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jul-14
58.63
22.00
5.13
12.50
11.38
0.04
0.48
0.45
13.75
13.50
0.23
0.46
BDL
BDL
BDL
Aug-14
57.63
21.38
4.88
16.00
12.25
0.05
0.49
0.49
12.88
13.13
0.21
0.40
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sep-14
56.11
19.33
4.78
16.44
12.11
0.05
0.49
0.46
12.78
12.59
0.20
0.39
BDL
BDL
BDL
Oct-14
60.43
20.86
5.29
16.00
12.71
0.05
0.47
0.50
14.14
13.62
0.21
0.37
BDL
BDL
BDL
Nov-14
64.78
23.89
5.00
15.00
12.56
0.05
0.43
0.46
14.89
13.15
0.17
0.34
BDL
BDL
BDL
Dec-14
63.13
22.38
4.88
15.50
12.38
0.04
0.40
0.45
14.63
13.88
0.16
0.31
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jan-15
67.13
24.25
4.88
16.38
12.25
0.05
0.49
0.45
15.00
14.29
0.15
0.33
BDL
BDL
BDL
Feb-15
65.88
23.00
4.63
15.38
12.13
0.05
0.46
0.47
14.75
14.88
0.14
0.43
BDL
BDL
BDL
Mar-15
64.63
22.50
4.38
14.63
11.63
0.05
0.44
0.45
14.13
14.58
0.13
0.40
BDL
BDL
BDL
Limits

TABLE - 6.0
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT BR COMPLEX
LOCATION: TIME OFFICE
(RECORDED ON THE DAYS OF AAQM)
(MONTH: JANUARY,2014)
Date of Monitoring
(02-03) .01.2014
(06-07) .01.2014
(09-10) .01.2014
(13-14) .01.2014
(16-17) .01.2014
(20-21) .01.2014
(23-24) .01.2014
(27-28) .01.2014
(30-31) .01.2014
Temperature Atmospheric
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
21
11
743
742
68
55
1.73
ENE
Nil
20.5
9.5
743.5
743
75
56
2.13
NE
Nil
19
8.0
742
741.5
69
53
1.65
NW
Nil
17
7.0
742.5
742
77
62
1.32
WNW
Nil
18
7.5
743
742
75
59
2.77
SW
Nil
19
8.5
743.5
743
78
64
3.14
WSW
Nil
20.5
10
744
743
78
64
2.57
NW
Nil
21
11
743
742
75
56
4.33
WNW
Nil
22
11
744
743
69
54
2.19
NW
Nil

TABLE - 7.0
(MONTH: FEBRUARY,2014)
Date of Monitoring
(03-04) .02.2014
(06-07) .02.2014
(10-11) .02.2014
(13-14) .02.2014
(17-18) .02.2014
(20-21) .02.2014
(24-25) .02.2014
(27-28) .02.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
22
10
748
747
70
56
1.65
Nil
23
11
749
748
69
58
2.2
ENE
Nil
22.5
10.0
747
746
71
56
2.14
NE
Nil
23
12.0
749
748
70
56
2.1
NE
Nil
24
11.0
748
747
78
59
3.19
SW
Nil
25
12
747
746
70
57
2.68
Nil
24
10
748
747
69
58
3.61
WSW
Nil
25
11
747
746
72
59
3.97
SW
Nil

TABLE - 8.0
(MONTH: MARCH,2014 )
Date of Monitoring
(04-05) .03.2014
(07-08) .03.2014
(11-12) .03.2014
(14-15) .03.2014
(18-19) .03.2014
(21-22) .03.2014
(25-26) .03.2014
(28-29) .03.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
28
13
743
742
68
56
2.31
WSW
Nil
29.5
13
742
741
69
58
3.12
SW
Nil
31
14.0
742
741
67
56
4.32
Nil
32
15.0
741
740
70
56
5.13
WSW
Nil
33.5
15.0
742
741
69
59
3.19
SW
Nil
34
15.5
743
742
70
57
2.68
Nil
34.5
16
741
740
69
58
3.61
WSW
Nil
35
16
741
740.5
71
63
2.13
SW
Nil

TABLE - 9.0
(MONTH: APRIL,2014)
Date of Monitoring
(01-02) .04.2014
(04-05) .04.2014
(08-09) .04.2014
(11-12) .04.2014
(15-16) .04.2014
(18-19) .04.2014
(22-23) .04.2014
(25-26) .04.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
37
21
743
742
58
51
4.75
SW
Nil
37.5
22
744
742.5
61
53
3.01
WSW
Nil
37
23
742
741
59
52
2.65
ENE
Nil
38
22
743
741.5
62
56
5.72
WSW
Nil
37.5
22
744
743
55
47
3.61
WSW
Nil
37
21
742
741.5
69
61
5.36
ENE
Nil
38
23
745
744.5
62
55
2.55
WSW
Nil
39
25
743
741.5
62
55
4.63
NE
Nil

TABLE - 10.0
(MONTH: MAY,2014)
Date of Monitoring
(01-02) .05.2014
(05-06) .05.2014
(08-09) .05.2014
(12-13) .05.2014
(15-16) .05.2014
(19-20) .05.2014
(22-23) .05.2014
26-27.05.2014
29-30.05.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
40
28
740
739
55
46
2.06
SW
Nil
38
26
739
738
59
48
4.32
NE
1.13
41
27
741
740.5
54
43
2.62
ENE
Nil
40
26.5
739
738
59
48
1.69
NE
Nil
39
26
740
739
67
49
2.82
Nil
40
27
741
740
54
45
1.82
SW
Nil
41
27.5
742
740.5
61
46
2.06
WSW
Nil
39
40
23
27
742
739
740.5
738
85
59
60
48
6.21
2.03
NE
ENE
3.84
Nil

TABLE - 11.0
(MONTH: JUNE, 2014)
Date of Monitoring
(02-03) .06.2014
(05-06) .06.2014
(09-10) .06.2014
(12-13) .06.2014
(16-17) .06.2014
(19-20) .06.2014
(23-24) .06.2014
26-27.06.2014
30-01.06.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
39
27
740
739
56
45
2.1
Nil
40
26
739
738
53
45
2.4
NE
Nil
38.5
26
740
739
69
48
2.29
ENE
3.11
38
27
739
738
56
45
1.47
Nil
38
26
739
738
67
48
2.73
SW
1.68
35
25
740
739
77
62
4.68
WSW
11.88
37
27
739
738
56
48
3.55
SW
Nil
39
37.5
28
27
739
740
738
739
59
58
47
47
2.31
2.01
NE
ENE
Nil
Nil

TABLE - 12.0
(MONTH: JULY,2014)
Date of Monitoring
(01-02) .07.2014
(04-05) .07.2014
(08-09) .07.2014
(11-12) .07.2014
(15-16) .07.2014
(18-19) .07.2014
(22-23) .06.2014
(25-26) .07.2014
(30-31) .07.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
38
27
740
739
48
64
2.97
ENE
Nil
39
28
739
738
46
61
1.97
NE
Nil
36
26
738
737
85
64
3.47
NE
34.92
37
27
739
738
81
54
4.58
11.93
36
26
738
737
56
79
2.51
NE
7.24
38
27
740
739
66
45
3.43
NNE
Nil
36
27
740
739
67
54
3.39
9.51
37
27
739
738
74
55
3.16
ENE
23.2
36
26
739
737.5
62
48
2.13
NE
Nil

TABLE - 13.0
(MONTH: AUGUST,2014)
Date of Monitoring
(01-02) .08.2014
(04-05) .08.2014
(07-08) .08.2014
(11-12) .08.2014
(14-15) .08.2014
(18-19) .08.2014
(21-22) .08.2014
(25-26) .08.2014
(28-29) .08.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
37
26
740
739
56
72
2.73
NE
Nil
35
26
739
738
58
77
4.65
NE
17.54
36
25
741
742
56
72
3.22
NNE
3.91
37
26
740
739
70
53
5.32
SW
Nil
35
25
739
738
78
55
4.22
NW
13.86
36
26
740
739
68
54
2.02
Nil
36.5
26
741
740
70
56
2.43
NE
Nil
34
24
739
738
88
67
3.78
ENE
17.99
35
25
739
738.5
81
56
7.9
10.07

TABLE - 14.0
(MONTH: SEPTEMBER,2014)
Date of Monitoring
(01-02) .09.2014
(04-05) .09.2014
(08-09) .09.2014
(11-12) .09.2014
(15-16) .09.2014
(18-19) .09.2014
(22-23) .09.2014
(25-26) .09.2014
(29-30) .09.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
35
24
739
738
77
58
4.53
NE
11.88
36
25
740
739
72
55
5.09
Nil
37
26
741
740
69
51
2.82
ENE
Nil
36
24
742
741
70
53
5.11
ENE
Nil
37
25
740
739
74
55
2.48
NE
Nil
36
24
742
741
69
49
4.92
Nil
35
24
740
739
70
52
2.35
NE
Nil
34
23
741
740
72
55
2.98
ENE
Nil
33
23
739
738.5
79
52
2.84
NE
Nil

TABLE - 15.0
(MONTH: OCTOBER,2014)
Date of Monitoring
(01-02) .10.2014
(07-08) .10.2014
(10-11) .10.2014
(14-15) .10.2014
(17-18) .10.2014
(21-22) .10.2014
(24-25) .10.2014
(28-29) .10.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
32
22
747
746
68
59
2.46
Nil
33
23
749
748
64
59
2.8
ENE
Nil
31
21
748
747
65
58
2.06
ENE
Nil
32
21
747
746
69
62
2.14
NE
Nil
31
20
746
745
65
61
1.62
NE
Nil
30
19
747
746
69
64
1.44
NE
Nil
31
20
748
747
67
62
1.8
ENE
Nil
30
18
749
748
71
65
1.74
NE
Nil

TABLE - 16.0
(MONTH: NOVEMBER,2014)
Date of Monitoring
(03-04) .11.2014
(06-07) .11.2014
(10-11) .11.2014
(13-14) .11.2014
(17-18) .11.2014
(20-21) .11.2014
(24-25) .11.2014
(27-28) .11.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
30
17
748
747
67
55
1.32
NE
Nil
29
15
749
748
69
57
1.81
ENE
Nil
31
15
748
747
72
59
2.06
ENE
Nil
30
13
749
748
69
62
1.22
Nil
30.5
13
747
746
73
65
1.64
NE
Nil
30
14
748
747
70
62
1.29
NE
Nil
29
14
747
746
68
57
1.05
NE
Nil
28
13
748
747
71
65
1.76
NNE
Nil

TABLE - 17.0
(MONTH: DECEMBER,2014)
Date of Monitoring
(01-02) .12.2014
(04-05) .12.2014
(08-09) .12.2014
(11-12) .12.2014
(15-16) .12.2014
(18-19) .12.2014
(22-23) .12.2014
(29-30) .12.2014
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
27
12
751
750
67
55
2.12
NE
Nil
26
12
752
751
67
58
2.51
Nil
24
11
751
749.5
62
55
2.23
NE
Nil
22
10
750
749
62
53
1.31
ENE
Nil
21
751
750
78
64
1.47
NE
0.93
20
752
750
67
52
3.05
ENE
Nil
18
6.5
751
750
69
59
1.28
NE
1.36
21
750
749
62
56
1.77
NE
Nil

TABLE - 18.0
(MONTH: JANUARY,2015)
Date of Monitoring
(01-02) .01.2015
(05-06) .01.2015
(08-09) .01.2015
(12-13) .01.2015
(15-16) .01.2015
(19-20) .01.2015
(22-23) .01.2015
(29-30) .01.2015
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
20
748
747
73
57
1.4
NE
Nil
19
747
746
72
62
2.19
ENE
Nil
20
747
746.5
73
62
2.17
Nil
20.5
10
749
748
73
63
2.39
NE
Nil
21
11
748
747
72
59
2.43
WSW
Nil
19
747
746
72
66
2.43
SW
Nil
18.5
748
747
72
62
3.02
WSW
Nil
21
10
747
746
69
56
2.53
WSW
Nil

TABLE - 19.0
(MONTH: FEBRUARY,2015)
Date of Monitoring
(02-03) .02.2015
(05-06) .02.2015
(09-10) .02.2015
(12-13) .02.2015
(16-17) .02.2015
(19-20) .02.2015
(23-24) .02.2015
(26-27) .02.2015
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
22
11
748
747
70
55
2.62
NNE
Nil
23
11
749
748
68
53
3.26
NE
Nil
22
12
750
749
69
56
2.18
WSW
Nil
24
12
749
748
71
59
4.21
SW
Nil
28
12
748
747
67
52
3.03
ENE
Nil
30
13
749
748
70
58
3.64
NE
Nil
29
13
748
747
68
51
2.62
SW
Nil
30
14
747
746
69
56
2.17
WSW
Nil

TABLE - 20.0
(MONTH: MARCH,2015)
Date of Monitoring
(02-03) .03.2015
(09-10) .03.2015
(12-13) .03.2015
(16-17) .03.2015
(19-20) .03.2015
(23-24) .03.2015
(26-27) .03.2015
(30-31) .03.2015
Relative
Wind
(DEG C)
Pressure
Humidity
Speed
(mm Hg)
(%)
(Km/h)
Predominant
Wind Direction
(FROM)
Rainfall
(mm)
31
15
748
747
70
62
2.1
NE
Nil
33
17
746
745
71
55
2.27
Nil
34
18
747
746
65
56
2.8
SW
Nil
32
16
746
745
72
65
3.19
WSW
1.55
34
19
747
746
68
55
2.61
Nil
35
19
748
747
65
54
2.26
ENE
Nil
34
18
747
746
63
56
2.46
NE
Nil
32
17
746
745
77
59
4.37
WSW
3.27
4.2 One Year Baseline Data for Water
SN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
GROUND WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS AROUND BR

Table 1.0- Well at Govindpur (0.5 km East of BR)
Parameter
Unit
Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14
o
Temperature
C
31.5
31.9
24.6
pH
7.69
7.84
7.69
Turbidity
NTU
<2
<2
<2
Conductivity
mhos/cm
872
859
819
Total Hardness
mg/L
343
356
362
Ca Haednrss as CaCO3
mg/L
172
157
159
Magnesium Hardness as CaCO3
mg/L
42
48
39
M-Alkalinity as CaCO3
mg/L
377
342
347
BOD
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
COD
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Ammoniacle N
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Kejaldhal N
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sulphides as (S)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sodium as Na
mg/L
41
49
43
Potasium as K
mg/L
10.1
10.7
10.2
Total Dissolved Solids
mg/L
516
504
498
Total Suspended Solids
mg/L
4
6
5
Total Sulphides
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Oil and Grease
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Dissolved Oxygen
mg/L
7.6
7.9
7.4
Chloride
mg/L
93
82
76
Nitrate
mg/L
9.6
8.8
8.3
Sulphate as SO4
mg/L
36
41
44
Total Silica as SiO2
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phosphate as PO4
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Fluoride
mg/L
0.62
0.67
0.58
Iron
mg/L
0.52
0.59
0.39
Lead
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phenol
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Nickel
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Arsenic
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Zinc
mg/L
0.29
0.32
0.31
Mercury
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Cadmium
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Selenium
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Cynide
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Chromium (Hexavalent)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Chromium (Total)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Copper as Cu
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Vanadium as V
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phosphorous
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Benzene
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Benzo (a) pyrene
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Mar-15
26.2
7.56
<2
786
372
162
51
362
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
43
13.6
473
6
BDL
BDL
7.6
88
8.2
36
BDL
BDL
0.63
0.51
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.32
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

Table 2.0- Hand Pump at Kesabe (1.5 km South East of BR)
SN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Parameter
Temperature
pH
Turbidity
Conductivity
Total Hardness
BOD
COD
Ammoniacle N
Kejaldhal N
Sulphides as (S)
Sodium as Na
Potasium as K
Total Sulphides
Oil and Grease
Dissolved Oxygen
Chloride
Nitrate
Sulphate as SO4
Phosphate as PO4
Fluoride
Iron
Lead
Phenol
Nickel
Arsenic
Zinc
Mercury
Cadmium
Selenium
Cynide
Chromium (Total)
Copper as Cu
Vanadium as V
Phosphorous
Benzene
Benzo (a) pyrene
Unit
o
C
NTU
mhos/cm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Jun-14
Sep-14
Dec-14
Mar-15
31.5
7.61
<2
671
314
141
42
251
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
56
7.9
406
3
BDL
BDL
7.2
75
6.2
21
BDL
BDL
0.51
0.48
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.19
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
32.0
7.73
<2
685
342
169
42
272
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
69
7.1
390
4
BDL
BDL
7.5
83
6.6
28
BDL
BDL
0.56
0.52
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.22
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
25.4
7.83
<2
652
327
172
45
265
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
63
7.4
384
5
BDL
BDL
7.3
79
26
29
BDL
BDL
0.51
0.32
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.19
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
25.8
7.82
<2
768
368
174
47
283
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
56
11.6
396
7
BDL
BDL
6.9
88
6.2
32
BDL
BDL
0.58
0.51
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.26
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

Table 3.0- Hand Pump at Raichiahi (2.0 km South of BR)
SN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Parameter
Temperature
pH
Turbidity
Conductivity
Total Hardness
BOD
COD
Ammoniacle N
Kejaldhal N
Sulphides as (S)
Sodium as Na
Potasium as K
Total Sulphides
Oil and Grease
Dissolved Oxygen
Chloride
Nitrate
Sulphate as SO4
Phosphate as PO4
Fluoride
Iron
Lead
Phenol
Nickel
Arsenic
Zinc
Mercury
Cadmium
Selenium
Cynide
Chromium (Total)
Copper as Cu
Vanadium as V
Phosphorous
Benzene
Benzo (a) pyrene
Unit
o
C
NTU
mhos/cm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Jun-14
Sep-14
Dec-14
Mar-15
32.6
7.38
<2
712
266
119
36
162
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
51
7
374
3
BDL
BDL
7.1
68
6.2
25
BDL
BDL
0.5
0.39
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.22
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
32.1
7.62
<2
788
289
126
40
177
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
59
9
489
5
BDL
BDL
7.5
78
5.6
31
BDL
BDL
0.8
0.43
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.29
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
26.1
7.65
<2
7.79
279
121
38
172
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
56
8
467
4
BDL
BDL
7.2
73
5.2
32
BDL
BDL
0.6
0.23
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.25
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
26.6
7.42
<2
792
285
163
30
232
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
74
13.2
436
6
BDL
BDL
7.6
87
6.2
49
BDL
BDL
0.7
0.63
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.37
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

SN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Table 4.0- Hand Pump at Mahna (2.0 km South West of BR)

Parameter
Unit
o
Temperature
C
31.9
31.8
25.4
pH
7.82
7.56
7.47
Turbidity
NTU
<2
<2
<2
Conductivity
mhos/cm
745
771
768
Total Hardness
mg/L
334
353
351
mg/L
162
185
181
mg/L
42
41
38
mg/L
284
261
267
BOD
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
COD
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Ammoniacle N
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Kejaldhal N
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sulphides as (S)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sodium as Na
mg/L
36
41
39
Potasium as K
mg/L
8.8
8.1
8.3
mg/L
444
478
471
mg/L
<2
<2
<2
Total Sulphides
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Oil and Grease
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Dissolved Oxygen
mg/L
7
7.5
7.2
Chloride
mg/L
84
89
87
Nitrate
mg/L
6.9
6.2
5.7
Sulphate as SO4
mg/L
29
33
31
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phosphate as PO4
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Fluoride
mg/L
0.51
0.55
0.52
Iron
mg/L
0.58
0.63
0.25
Lead
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phenol
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Nickel
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Arsenic
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Zinc
mg/L
0.18
0.22
0.19
Mercury
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Cadmium
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Selenium
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Cynide
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Chromium (Total)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Copper as Cu
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Vanadium as V
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phosphorous
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Benzene
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Benzo (a) pyrene
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Mar-15
25.8
7.82
<2
748
356
168
46
266
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
62
8.2
442
<2
BDL
BDL
8.3
66
6.4
37
BDL
BDL
0.57
0.66
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.25
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

SN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Table 5.0- Hand Pump at Nurpur (1.0 km West of BR)

Parameter
Unit
Jun-14 Sep-14
o
Temperature
C
33.5
32.5
pH
7.43
7.69
Turbidity
NTU
<2
<2
Conductivity
mhos/cm
769
778
Total Hardness
mg/L
361
342
mg/L
206
184
mg/L
38
38
mg/L
275
291
BOD
mg/L
BDL
BDL
COD
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Ammoniacle N
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Kejaldhal N
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Sulphides as (S)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Sodium as Na
mg/L
38
42
Potasium as K
mg/L
7
5
mg/L
436
506
mg/L
4
6
Total Sulphides
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Oil and Grease
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Dissolved Oxygen
mg/L
7.3
7.8
Chloride
mg/L
91
85
Nitrate
mg/L
7.9
7.2
Sulphate as SO4
mg/L
33
39
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Phosphate as PO4
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Fluoride
mg/L
0.56
0.61
Iron
mg/L
0.49
0.53
Lead
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Phenol
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Nickel
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Arsenic
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Zinc
mg/L
0.21
0.26
Mercury
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Cadmium
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Selenium
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Cynide
mg/L
BDL
BDL
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Chromium (Total)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Copper as Cu
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Vanadium as V
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Phosphorous
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Benzene
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Benzo (a) pyrene
mg/L
BDL
BDL
Dec-14
Mar-15
25.3
7.91
<2
769
339
179
33
284
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
39
4
501
5
BDL
BDL
7.2
96
6.5
33
BDL
BDL
0.58
0.28
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.21
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
26.1
7.98
<2
748
372
158
52
264
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
53
9.2
452
6
BDL
BDL
8.3
82
6.4
41
BDL
BDL
0.63
0.56
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.31
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

SN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Table 6.0- Hand Pump at Papraur (2.0 km North West of BR)

Parameter
Unit
o
Temperature
C
31.8
32.3
26.3
pH
7.67
7.84
7.76
Turbidity
NTU
<2
<2
<2
Conductivity
mhos/cm
786
758
749
Total Hardness
mg/L
326
349
342
mg/L
191
174
169
mg/L
33
43
41
mg/L
251
266
253
BOD
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
COD
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Ammoniacle N
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Kejaldhal N
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sulphides as (S)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sodium as Na
mg/L
49
53
48
Potasium as K
mg/L
6
11
9
mg/L
465
470
465
mg/L
3
5
4
Total Sulphides
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Oil and Grease
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Dissolved Oxygen
mg/L
7.4
7.7
7.2
Chloride
mg/L
82
94
91
Nitrate
mg/L
7.5
6.9
6.7
Sulphate as SO4
mg/L
26
30
28
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phosphate as PO4
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Fluoride
mg/L
0.7
0.76
0.74
Iron
mg/L
0.68
0.59
0.52
Lead
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phenol
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Nickel
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Arsenic
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Zinc
mg/L
0.14
0.11
0.09
Mercury
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Cadmium
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Selenium
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Cynide
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Chromium (Total)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Copper as Cu
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Vanadium as V
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phosphorous
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Benzene
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Benzo (a) pyrene
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Mar-15
26.3
7.39
<2
762
366
156
51
248
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
47
12.6
443
5
BDL
BDL
7.2
82
6.2
35
BDL
BDL
0.84
0.61
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.16
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

SN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Table 7.0- Hand Pump at Masadpur (1.0 km North of BR)

Parameter
Unit
o
Temperature
C
31.7
32.2
24.3
pH
7.62
7.42
7.56
Turbidity
NTU
<2
<2
<2
Conductivity
mhos/cm
872
855
8.46
Total Hardness
mg/L
341
354
343
mg/L
215
185
179
mg/L
31
41
38
mg/L
259
274
271
BOD
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
COD
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Ammoniacle N
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Kejaldhal N
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sulphides as (S)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sodium as Na
mg/L
51
56
52
Potasium as K
mg/L
13
19
17
mg/L
519
547
534
mg/L
3
4
5
Total Sulphides
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Oil and Grease
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Dissolved Oxygen
mg/L
7.6
7.1
6.8
Chloride
mg/L
94
105
109
Nitrate
mg/L
7.8
7.4
6.5
Sulphate as SO4
mg/L
30
26
24
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phosphate as PO4
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Fluoride
mg/L
0.63
0.67
0.63
Iron
mg/L
0.56
0.61
0.32
Lead
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phenol
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Nickel
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Arsenic
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Zinc
mg/L
0.14
0.17
0.13
Mercury
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Cadmium
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Selenium
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Cynide
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Chromium (Total)
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Copper as Cu
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Vanadium as V
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Phosphorous
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Benzene
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Benzo (a) pyrene
mg/L
BDL
BDL
BDL
Mar-15
26.7
7.82
<2
986
377
159
53
287
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
71
12.2
518
7
BDL
BDL
7.6
137
7.6
36
BDL
BDL
0.72
0.65
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.21
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

Table 8.0- Well at Harpur (1.0 km North East of BR)
SN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Parameter
Temperature
pH
Turbidity
Conductivity
Total Hardness
BOD
COD
Ammoniacle N
Kejaldhal N
Sulphides as (S)
Sodium as Na
Potasium as K
Total Sulphides
Oil and Grease
Dissolved Oxygen
Chloride
Nitrate
Sulphate as SO4
Phosphate as PO4
Fluoride
Iron
Lead
Phenol
Nickel
Arsenic
Zinc
Mercury
Cadmium
Selenium
Cynide
Chromium (Total)
Copper as Cu
Vanadium as V
Phosphorous
Benzene
Benzo (a) pyrene
Unit
o
C
NTU
mhos/cm
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Jun-14
Sep-14
Dec-14
Mar-15
33.2
7.76
<2
1078
463
231
56
379
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
62
17
681
5
BDL
BDL
7.2
109
8.1
43
BDL
BDL
0.49
0.81
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.26
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
32.5
7.89
<2
1123
486
231
62
394
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
65
22
685
4
BDL
BDL
7.15
113
7.6
37
BDL
BDL
0.41
0.66
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.31
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
25.3
7.96
<2
1059
476
253
58
387
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
61
19
598
5
BDL
BDL
7.36
124
6.7
32
BDL
BDL
0.36
0.22
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.33
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
25.9
7.58
<2
1036
384
182
49
375
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
72
24
723
5
BDL
BDL
8.20
118
6.9
38
BDL
BDL
0.34
0.56
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.22
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
4.3 Stack Emission Monitoring

STACK EMISSIONS MONITORING (2014-15)
TABLE 1.0 : SO2 EMISSIONS (Conc.)
S.N.
Source
Fuel
% of
Gas
Firin
g
50
50
60
85
85
80
80
Limit
Conc
(mg/
Nm3
)
871
871
705
296
296
378
377
30
30
1201
1201
30
30
1201
1201
287.4
279.6
30
30
1201
1201
293.2
288.6
30
30
30
NA
75
100
1201
1201
1201
1700
461
50
1700
12
13
14
15
Name
AVU - I
AVU - II
AVU - III
CRU - R
CRU - S
COKER - A
COKER - B
BOILER -I
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -II
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -III
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -IV
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER - V
FCCU
HGU
DHDT
16
17
GT - I
GT - II
18
19
20
SRU
MSQ (NHDT)
Prime G
NA
100
100
21
Boiler 6
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
0
0
1700
NA
50
50
1201
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
221.7
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
227.6
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
231.7
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
219.7
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
237.6
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
243.7
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
269.7
273.4
277.6
289.4
61.2
59.4
63.8
63.4
57.9
61.8
317.2
293.6
66.2
59.8
321.5
313.2
311.5
296.7
288.6
309.4
63.4
324.5
314.9
87.3
57.1
49.3
59.6
53.4
49.8
53.2
1321.6
321.70
51.4
54.3
1405.9
14.9
15.3
1355.6
352.6
329.2
374.2
337.6
377.2
343.7
329.2
357.5
329.4
351.2
333.6
349.1
355.8
361.1
359.4
352.4
341.2
79.4
63.2
54.1
53.9
51.7
1432.8
15.3
16.7
1327.6
356.4
63.2
52.9
59.8
331.6
349.6
61.8
56.3
61.5
54.2
62.7
337.9
82.9
84.7
277.6
286.3
65.2
336.2
347.8
321.6
317.5
293.4
298.1
63.8
56.4
329.7
341.5
317.2
305.1
1447.3
14.6
13.7
273.8
314.2
349.6
357.1
77.3
59.7
52.3
49.9
1396.3
15.9
17.1
1289.6
328.4
359.1
341.5
73.6
57.7
51.8
51.3
47.9
1278.8
16.2
17.9
1266.2
317.2
49.6
46.1
1196.4
15.4
16.7
1296.5
321.6

TABLE 2.0 : NOx EMISSIONS (Conc.)
S.N.
Source
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Name
AVU - I
AVU - II
AVU - III
CRU - R
CRU - S
COKER - A
COKER - B
BOILER -I
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -II
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -III
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -IV
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER - V
FCCU
HGU
DHDT
GT - I
GT - II
SRU
NHDT
Prime G
21
Boiler 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
Fuel
% of
Gas
Firing
50
50
60
85
85
80
80
Limit
Conc
(mg/N
m3)
400
400
390
365
365
370
370
30
30
420
420
30
30
420
420
136.2
131.9
30
30
420
420
129.8
133.4
30
30
30
NA
75
100
0
0
NA
100
100
420
420
420
450
375
350
450
450
350
250
250
275
75
Apr-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
129.6
May-14
Actual
(mg/Nm
3)
Jun-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
133.4
123.5
141.2
Jul-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
91
153.7
83.5
78.7
81.5
Sep-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
79.7
156.3
167.4
66.1
139.4
133.9
83.4
147.6
152.3
21.7
33.6
13.4
11.8
17.6
93
157.4
23.6
34.9
147.6
141.9
79.4
153.7
143.9
79.8
71.6
77.5
69.7
163.2
169.4
167.9
163.4
162.5
169.2
159.6
138.6
162.3
147.2
148.3
145.9
153.4
148.6
162.3
143.8
58.7
43.7
74.2
166.9
21.6
29.9
77.2
149.6
166.2
152.7
168.5
159.3
61.6
41.8
77.2
139.5
163.5
23.1
31.2
Mar-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
177.4
77.3
156.7
162.5
41.9
77.4
146.3
79.7
145.2
61.6
19.2
43.1
73.6
Feb-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
153.9
81.1
143.2
139.4
41.5
71.6
Jan-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
173.6
81.4
73.1
159.4
161.3
166.8
159.1
Dec-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
149.2
143.2
83.4
75.3
107
103
161.6
145.3
Nov-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
169.4
83.2
149.3
157.4
Oct-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
143.6
129.4
163.7
12.3
11.9
143.2
136.5
147.2
23.4
31.2
Aug-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
139.1
59.8
39.6
74.9
133.6
139.4
73.2
166.4
161.8
21.9
29.7
131.2
136.7
71.9
169.4

TABLE 3.0 : CO EMISSIONS (Conc.)
S.N.
Source
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Name
AVU - I
AVU - II
AVU - III
CRU - R
CRU - S
COKER - A
COKER - B
BOILER -I
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -II
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -III
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -IV
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER - V
FCCU
HGU
DHDT
GT - I
GT - II
SRU
NHDT
Prime G
21
Boiler 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
Fuel
% of
Gas
Firing
50
50
60
85
85
80
80
Limit
Conc
(mg/N
m3)
175
175
170
157
157
160
160
Apr-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
8.66
30
30
185
185
0.00
0.00
30
30
185
185
23.14
24.74
30
30
185
185
24.40
22.91
30
30
30
NA
75
100
0
0
NA
100
100
185
185
185
400
162
150
200
200
150
100
100
113
75
May-14
Actual
(mg/Nm
3)
Jun-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
8.89
9.01
9.35
Jul-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
8.78
9.58
7.41
7.18
8.21
Aug-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
9.01
9.80
8.32
23.83
24.28
8.89
6.38
7.30
7.52
4.10
4.33
7.52
7.30
8.09
23.60
7.64
4.33
4.79
24.28
7.41
4.10
4.67
23.60
6.95
6.73
7.07
6.61
24.28
22.57
22.46
20.29
21.55
22.91
24.28
22.57
22.46
20.75
21.32
23.14
20.41
21.09
21.32
23.14
10.15
6.50
8.09
7.52
7.18
8.09
9.92
8.32
23.83
21.89
6.38
8.21
7.07
7.30
8.21
10.15
7.75
4.22
4.79
21.20
23.14
22.69
22.00
23.60
10.60
6.38
8.32
7.30
0.00
7.87
7.52
4.33
4.90
Mar-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
8.66
8.55
24.28
10.03
9.46
6.16
7.64
Feb-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
9.23
8.44
23.60
22.12
0.00
Jan-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
8.44
7.18
6.95
25.42
23.60
24.05
25.42
Dec-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
9.46
8.66
7.30
7.07
22.34
21.55
23.83
24.40
Nov-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
10.03
8.66
24.40
25.31
Oct-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
9.23
8.89
7.18
6.95
24.28
23.83
Sep-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
10.37
6.50
8.66
7.52
7.07
7.64
22.46
7.30
4.45
4.67
7.30
6.95
7.52
23.71

TABLE 4.0 : PM EMISSIONS (Conc.)
S.N.
Source
12
13
14
15
Name
AVU - I
AVU - II
AVU - III
CRU - R
CRU - S
COKER - A
COKER - B
BOILER -I
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -II
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -III
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -IV
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER - V
FCCU
HGU
DHDT
16
17
GT - I
GT - II
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
Fuel
% of
Gas
Firing
50
50
60
85
85
80
80
Limit
Conc
(mg/
Nm3)
55
55
46
23
23
28
28
30
30
73
73
30
30
73
73
103
98
30
30
73
73
101
105
30
30
30
NA
75
100
73
73
73
100
32
10
100
0
0
18
19
20
SRU
MSQ (NHDT)
Prime G
NA
100
100
21
Boiler 6
75
100
NA
5
5
16
Apr-14
Actual
(mg/Nm
3)
87
May-14
Actual
(mg/Nm
3)
Jun-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
89
83
93
Jul-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
91
95
13.8
13.1
41
Sep-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
43
107
98
17.1
14.3
12.9
15.7
89
13.4
11.8
14.7
12.9
13.3
17.6
93
15.8
96
13.6
12.1
12.7
11.9
106
96
103
109
107
96
109
101
93
89
105
112
101
104
21.8
12.7
13.4
15.7
11.7
12.4
107
103
112
13.2
15.1
14.9
12.1
12.9
13.7
98
102
105
105
98
29.7
12.7
14.5
14.2
23.4
13.6
14.9
11.8
12.1
13.2
11.8
12.3
Mar-15
Actual
(mg/Nm
3)
107
51
105
96
12.4
13.7
103
53
102
21.4
19.2
13.1
12.9
Feb-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
97
49
105
97
12.9
14.3
Jan-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
109
12.2
11.9
109
94
97
106
Dec-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
103
93
13.4
12.6
107
103
105
103
Nov-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
107
47
101
96
Oct-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
97
89
103
12.3
11.9
91
94
15.7
13.1
12.9
Aug-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
91
12.9
91
12.4
13.1
12.4
11.3
12.1
11.8
98

TABLE 5.0 : Ni+V EMISSIONS
S.N.
Source
12
13
14
15
Name
AVU - I
AVU - II
AVU - III
CRU - R
CRU - S
COKER - A
COKER - B
BOILER -I
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -II
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -III
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER -IV
DUCT -A
DUCT - B
BOILER - V
FCCU
HGU
DHDT
16
17
GT - I
GT - II
18
19
20
SRU
MSQ (NHDT)
Prime G
21
Boiler 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
Limit
Conc
(mg/
Nm3)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Apr-14
Actual
(mg/Nm
3)
BDL
5
5
BDL
BDL
May-14
Actual
(mg/Nm
3)
Jun-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jul-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
5
5
BDL
BDL
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
NA
5
5
5
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
Mar-15
Actual
(mg/Nm
3)
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
Feb-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
Jan-15
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
Dec-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
Nov-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
Oct-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
Sep-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
Aug-14
Actual
(mg/N
m3)
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

TABLE 6.0 : EMISSIONS (Load)
S.N.
Source
Limit
Apr-14
Actual
(Kg/hr)
May-14
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Jun-14
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Jul-14
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Aug-14
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Sep-14
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Oct-14
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Nov-14
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Dec-14
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Jan-15
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Feb-15
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Mar-15
Actual
(Kg/hr)
Name
SO2
Kg/hr
1035
698
712.00
703.00
702.00
695.00
697.00
701.00
707.00
692.00
709
702
697
NOX
NA
175.23
181.74
179.20
191.47
193.41
213.92
233.09
202.86
207.14
219.28
213.36
190.42
CO
NA
17.37
18.33
17.24
19.55
18.71
22.83
24.77
22.50
22.17
22.40
21.50
19.33
PM
NA
75.12
75.85
73.05
83.21
81.79
97.65
109.44
103.13
104.51
108.74
103.51
87.91
1
2
3
4
4.4 Raw Water Requirement

4.4.1 Present Raw Water Requirement
SN
Parameter
UOM
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
2014-15
Crude T'put
MT
531597
570550
549074
568562
511890
390533
531149
404104
346526
546766
457608
535474
5943832
M3
514800
529728
514080
528984
529728
497520
527496
411120
438960
513360
462336
512616
5980728
M3/HR
715
712
714
711
712
691
709
571
590
690
688
689
683
M3/MT
CRUDE
0.968
0.928
0.936
0.930
1.035
1.274
0.993
1.017
1.267
0.939
1.010
0.957
1.006
3
4
Fresh Water
Consumption
(Refinery + Domestic)
Fresh Water
Consumption Rate
(Refinery + Domestic)
Specific Freshwater
Consumption
4.4.1 Post Project Raw Water Requirement

S.N Consumption Centre
1
2
3
4
5
DM Water
Cooling Tower Make up
Service Water
Drinking Water
Total
Present
(m3/hr)
320
194
168
7
689
Post Project
(m3/hr)
77
396
171
7
651
4.5 Treated Effluent Quality & Quantity

Treated Effluent Quality : April 2014 till Sept 2014
SN
Parameter
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Limit
(mg/l
except
pH)
6.0 8.5
MAX
MIN
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
MAX
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
MIN
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
pH
7.9
6.6
7.31
8.2
6.8
7.29
7.4
7.19
7.3
6.8
7.14
7.60
6.90
7.38
7.4
7.60
Oil & Grease
3.98
4.45
3.6
4.63
4.44
4.20
2.40
3.08
2.2
2.47
BOD
15
15
12
14.63
15
12.85
15
12
14.20
15
13.80
15.00
8.00
12.10
15
12.73
COD
125
125
72
98.00
120
80
96.27
110
46
80.24
124
48
93.95
80.00
24.00
54.63
110
20
51.95
TSS
20
22
18
19.42
21
12
18.85
22
18
19.00
21
5.2
13.41
5.90
3.80
4.59
10.4
4.4
5.43
Phenols
0.35
0.3
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.032
0.017
0.02
Sulphides
0.5
0.5
0.26
0.39
0.5
0.26
0.38
0.5
0.26
0.40
0.5
0.26
0.41
0.39
0.26
0.31
0.39
0.26
0.33
CN
0.2
15
2.7
1.9
2.3
2.9
2.4
2.7
2.7
2.2
2.45
2.6
1.5
2.1
3.3
2.2
2.8
2.1
1.5
1.8
10
Ammonia as
N
TKN
40
26.6
20.5
24
24.5
20.8
22.7
23.2
20.1
21.65
26.4
21.5
24.0
28.6
24.1
26.4
25.5
20.6
23.1
11
3.0
1.1
1.7
1.4
1.6
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.1
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.8
0.9
1.4
1.5
0.6
1.1
12
0.1
13
Cr
(Hexavalent)
Cr (Total)
2.0
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.2
0.9
1.1
1.4
0.5
0.95
1.2
0.9
1.1
1.2
0.7
1.0
1.1
0.8
1.0
14
Pb
0.1
15
Hg
0.01
16
Zn
5.0
2.2
1.6
1.9
2.2
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.3
1.55
2.1
1.5
1.8
2.1
1.4
1.8
1.8
0.9
1.4
17
Ni
1.0
18
Cu
1.0
0.21
0.14
0.18
0.18
0.15
0.17
0.16
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.09
0.13
0.13
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.00
0.07
19
0.2
20
Benzene
0.1
21
Benzo (a) Pyrene
0.2
Treated Effluent Quality : Oct 2014 till March 2015

SN
Parame
ter
pH
2
3
Oil &
Grease
BOD
COD
TSS
Phenols
Sulphid
es
CN
8
9
Limit
(mg/l
except
pH)
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
MAX
MIN
AVG
MA
X
MIN
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
6.0 8.5
7.80
7.40
7.61
7.23
7.8
7.0
7.30
8.2
7.1
7.34
7.20
6.80
7.03
7.90
6.60
7.10
5.00
2.00
3.32
4.08
5.0
3.3
4.30
5.0
3.6
4.85
5.00
2.30
4.28
5.00
3.20
4.30
15
15.00
10.00
13.64
15
12.28
15.0
4.0
8.00
15.0
3.0
11.39
15.00
8.00
13.17
15.00
9.00
13.00
125
124.0
0
27.50
92.80
125
32
87.64
112.0
40.0
58.40
121.0
16.0
63.67
72.00
24.00
50.71
120.00
24.00
54.00
20
6.80
4.20
4.75
20
4.8
12.92
20.0
7.2
13.10
20.00
3.00
12.47
20.00
12.00
18.21
20.00
9.00
17.00
0.35
0.30
0.02
0.04
0.2
0.03
0.07
0.3
0.03
0.06
0.20
0.05
0.12
0.25
0.05
0.12
0.15
0.05
0.11
0.5
0.39
0.26
0.30
0.5
0.13
0.24
0.5
0.13
0.21
0.50
0.13
0.37
0.50
0.26
0.42
0.50
0.13
0.40
0.2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15
1.9
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.1
1.4
1.9
1.66
1.8
0.055
0.066
0.061
6.80
8.50
7.65
8.8
6.80
7.800
40
23.5
20.3
21.9
24.1
20.8
22.5
25.7
21.8
23.8
35.10
39.20
37.15
26.60
30.80
28.70
33.6
29.6
31.60
3.0
1.8
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.5
0.551
0.642
0.061
0.431
0.521
0.476
0.500
0.431
0.466
0.1
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
2.0
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.3
0.8
1.1
1.3
0.90
1.1
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.1
0.00
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
0.0
<0.00
1
<0.00
1
<0.00
1
<0.001
<0.00
1
<0.00
1
<0.001
<0.00
1
<0.00
1
2.4
2.1
2.3
2.8
2.1
2.5
1.9
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
10
Ammon
ia as N
TKN
11
12
13
Cr
(Hexava
lent)
Cr-Total
14
Pb
15
Hg
16
Zn
5.0
17
Ni
1.0
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
18
Cu
1.0
0.16
0.11
0.14
0.22
0.11
0.17
0.14
0.09
0.12
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
19
0.2
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
20
Benzen
e
Benzo
(a) Pyrene
0.1
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.2
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
21
Treated Effluent Quantity : Oct 2014 till March 2015
SN
Parameter
Quantum
value
(kg/TMT
of Crude
processed)
Limit
Apr-14
MAX
MIN
May-14
AVG
MAX
MIN
Jun-14
AVG
MAX
MIN
Jul-14
AVG
MAX
MIN
Aug-14
AVG
MAX
MIN
Sep-14
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
pH
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Oil & Grease
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
BOD
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
COD
50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
TSS
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Phenols
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Sulphides
0.2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CN
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10
Ammonia as
N
TKN
16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11
1.2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13
Cr
(Hexavalent)
Cr (Total)
0.8
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14
Pb
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15
Hg
0.004
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
16
Zn
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17
Ni
0.4
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18
Cu
0.4
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19
0.8
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20
Benzene
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21
Benzo (a) Pyrene
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Treated Effluent Quantity : Oct 2014 till March 2015
SN
Parameter
Quantum
value
(kg/TMT
of Crude
processed)
Limit
Oct-14
MAX
MIN
Nov-14
AVG
MAX
MIN
Dec-14
AVG
MAX
MIN
Jan-15
AVG
MAX
MIN
Feb-15
AVG
MAX
MIN
Mar-15
AVG
MAX
MIN
AVG
pH
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Oil & Grease
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
BOD
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
COD
50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
TSS
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Phenols
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Sulphides
0.2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CN
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10
Ammonia as
N
TKN
16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11
1.2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13
Cr
(Hexavalent)
Cr (Total)
0.8
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14
Pb
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15
Hg
0.004
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
16
Zn
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17
Ni
0.4
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18
Cu
0.4
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19
0.8
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20
Benzene
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21
Benzo (a) Pyrene
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.6 Noise Pollution Monitoring

1) Noise pollution at various loacations is being monitored twice in a year.
2) Noise monitoring at 35 locations are being carried out in Field Control room and DCS
Control Room.
3) Noise monitoring at 35 identified loactions, defined as High Noise Area (Plant Area) is
being carried out.
4) Noise monitoring at 10 loactions near boundary wall of refinery is being carried out.
5) Noise monitoring datas for the year 2014-15 are given below.

NOISE LEVEL MONITORING RESULTS FOR BR
Table 1: FIELD AND DCS CONTROL ROOM
Month: SEPTEMBER,2014
S.N.
LOCATIONS
Eight Hourly Basis

Min dB(A) Max dB(A) LeqdB(A)
1
2
3
4
64
65
67
52
66
67
69
57
64.8
66.1
65.9
58.2
5
6
7
AVU I - FIELD CONTROL ROOM

AVU II FIELD CONTROL ROOM
AVU-III FIELD CONTROL ROOM
AVU-I, II/ COKER DDCS CONTROL ROOM
AVU III/ CRU DDCS CONTROL ROOM
COKER-A FIELD CONTROL ROOM
COKER-B FIELD CONTROL ROOM
56
62
60
59
65
63
55.7
63.8
62.9
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
CRU FIELD CONTROL ROOM

BXP CONTROL ROOM
RFCCU FIELD CONTROL ROOM
DHDT FIELD CONTROL ROOM
HGU-1 FIELD CONTROL ROOM
SRU FIELD CONTROL ROOM
MSQ CONTROL ROOM
OM&S CONTROL ROOM
CRUDE OIL STATION
FINISHED PRODUCT CONTROL ROOM
LPG CONTROL ROOM
ETP FIELD CONTROL ROOM
UTILITY CONTROL ROOM
OLD DM PLANT CONTROL ROOM
TPS - CONTROL ROOM
TPS FIELD CONTROL ROOM
BOILER 6 CONTROL ROOM
RO DM PLANT CONTROL ROOM
BXP DM PLANT CONTROL ROOM
INSIDE THE MECHANICAL WORKSHOP
QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY
M&I BUILDING
STORES
FIRE STATION
FIRE WATER PUMP HOUSE
INSTRUMENTATION BUILDING
ELECTICAL PLANNIG BUILDING
64
63
66
59
62
58
65
57
59
60
58
59
57
56
62
61
68
65
61
72
79
57
59
60
61
80
56
57
67
65
69
63
65
64
67
61
63
63
64
62
60
59
64
63
70
68
63
74
83
63
62
66
64
84
59
61
64.7
65.1
64.8
60.2
63.7
60.9
65.7
58.3
61.2
62.4
62.7
60.8
59.6
58.1
63.8
61.9
68.9
68.4
62.1
65.2
78.9
58.7
57.3
62.8
62.6
81.9
58.3
56.8

Table 2: HIGH NOISY AREA
S.N.
LOCATIONS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
AVU I NEAR FURNACE F-02

AVU II NEAR FURNACE F-02
AVU-III NEAR FURNACE F-01
COKER - A PUMP NEAR P 06 A/B
COKER A NEAR FURNACE
LRU COMPRESSOR 1st FLOOR
PLATFORM
LRU COMPRESSOR GROUND FLOOR
12
LRU SUCTION KOD BESIDE

COMPRESSOR (08-P-013 A/B)
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
LRU BOTTOM FRACTIONATORS PUMP

(07-P-008 A/B)
COKER - B REACTOR FEED PUMP
COKER - B FURNACE GROUND FLOOR
COKER - B FURNACE FIRST FLOOR
COKER - B OLD PUMP HOUSE
CRU RECYCLE GAS COMPRESSOR
RFCCU COMPRESSOR HOUSE
HGU COMPRESSOR HOUSE
DHDT COMPRESSOR HOUSE
BXP AIR COMPRESSOR HOUSE
MSQ COMPRESSOR HOUSE
FIRE PUMP HOUSE - Se ctor - 7
TPS AIR COMPRESSOR - INSIDE
TPS AIR COMPRESSOR - OUTSIDE
TPS NEAR BOILER 1
GT-1
GT-2
MSQ NITROGEN PLANT
OLD NITROGEN PLANT
FLUE GAS RECOVERY COMPRESSOR
RUP PUMP HOUSE
AERATOR AIR BLOWER
DAF AIR BLOWER
Eight Hourly Basis

71
74
72.3
74
76
75.1
72
75
75.7
72
75
75.7
75
77
76.9
74
76
75.8
75
78
77.2
81
83
79.9
70
74
70.9
80
84
81.8
80
83
81.5
82
84
82.3
81
83
82.3
68
66
68
69
80
78
75
82
76
74
80
81
74
79
73
74
78
77
79
80
82
84
70
69
70
72
83
81
77
85
78
77
82
84
76
81
77
78
81
80
81
83
85
87
69.3
68.8
69.7
71.2
82.0
80.8
76.2
83.2
75.9
74.5
81.8
83.6
75.6
80.7
75.9
74.1
80.7
79.6
80.8
80.3
82.9
85.6

Table 3: BOUNDARY OF THE REFINERY AREA
S.N.
LOCATIONS
DAY
NIGHT
Min dB(A) Max dB(A) LeqdB(A) Min dB(A) Max dB(A) Le qdB(A)
69
72
69.9
55
57
56.7
70
74
72.9
61
65
63.9
77
80
78.9
71
75
73.8
68
70
69.2
62
65
63.6
1
2
3
4
GATE NO. 1
GATE NO. 2
BIO TREATMENT PLANT GATE
BIO TREATMENT - CONTROL ROOM
OIL INDIA GATE (NEAR GOVINDPUR

VILLAGE)
62
65
63.6
51
55
54.2
GATE NO. 10
66
70
65.3
56
59
57.4
RFCCU SITE CLOSE TO THE

BOUNDARY
62
64
63.6
58
62
60.7
8
9
10
SRU SITE CLOSE TO THE BOUNDARY

CISF COLONY
NEAR BURROW PIT
63
56
57
66
60
62
65.3
60.2
61.1
60
48
55
63
52
61
61.6
50.9
58.1

Table 1: FIELD AND DCS CONTROL ROOM
Month: MARCH,2015
S.N.
Eight Hourly Basis
LOCATIONS
5
6
7

AVU I - FIELD CONTROL ROOM
63
65
63.7
64
67
65.9
AVU II FIELD CONTROL ROOM
AVU-III FIELD CONTROL ROOM
66
68
66.4
51
56
56.1
AVU-I, II/ COKER DDCS CONTROL ROOM
AVU III/ CRU DDCS CONTROL ROOM
54
58
54.3
COKER-A FIELD CONTROL ROOM
61
64
62.9
COKER-B FIELD CONTROL ROOM
63
65
63.4
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
CRU FIELD CONTROL ROOM

BXP CONTROL ROOM
RFCCU FIELD CONTROL ROOM
DHDT FIELD CONTROL ROOM
SRU FIELD CONTROL ROOM
MSQ CONTROL ROOM
OM&S CONTROL ROOM
CRUDE OIL STATION
FINISHED PRODUCT CONTROL ROOM
LPG CONTROL ROOM
ETP FIELD CONTROL ROOM
UTILITY CONTROL ROOM
OLD DM PLANT CONTROL ROOM
TPS - CONTROL ROOM
TPS FIELD CONTROL ROOM
BOILER 6 CONTROL ROOM
RO DM PLANT CONTROL ROOM
BXP DM PLANT CONTROL ROOM
INSIDE THE MECHANICAL WORKSHOP
QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY
M&I BUILDING
STORES
FIRE STATION
FIRE WATER PUMP HOUSE
INSTRUMENTATION BUILDING
ELECTICAL PLANNIG BUILDING
1
2
3
4
65
62
67
60
62
59
66
58
60
59
61
58
59
57
63
62
67
64
62
71
77
56
58
61
60
81
56
57
67
64
69
63
64
63
69
61
63
62
64
62
61
59
65
64
70
67
64
74
83
61
61
66
64
84
58
59
64.9
65.2
64.8
60.3
63.5
61.6
66.3
58.9
61.5
62.1
62.9
60.6
59.8
58.1
64.1
62.3
68.7
68.1
62.7
65.1
78.2
57.8
57.7
62.8
62.4
81.9
58.1
56.2

Table 2: HIGH NOISY AREA
Month: MARCH,2015
S.N.
LOCATIONS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

COKER - A PUMP NEAR P 06 A/B
COKER A NEAR FURNACE
LRU COMPRESSOR 1st FLOOR
PLATFORM
LRU
COMPRESSOR GROUND FLOOR
12
LRU SUCTION KOD BESIDE

COMPRESSOR (08-P-013 A/B)
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
LRU BOTTOM FRACTIONATORS PUMP

(07-P-008 A/B)
COKER - B REACTOR FEED PUMP
COKER - B FURNACE GROUND FLOOR
COKER - B FURNACE FIRST FLOOR
COKER - B OLD PUMP HOUSE
CRU RECYCLE GAS COMPRESSOR
RFCCU COMPRESSOR HOUSE
HGU COMPRESSOR HOUSE
DHDT COMPRESSOR HOUSE
BXP AIR COMPRESSOR HOUSE
MSQ COMPRESSOR HOUSE
FIRE PUMP HOUSE - Se ctor - 7
TPS AIR COMPRESSOR - INSIDE
TPS AIR COMPRESSOR - OUTSIDE
TPS NEAR BOILER 1
GT-1
GT-2
MSQ NITROGEN PLANT
OLD NITROGEN PLANT
FLUE GAS RECOVERY COMPRESSOR
RUP PUMP HOUSE
AERATOR AIR BLOWER
DAF AIR BLOWER
Eight Hourly Basis

Min [dB(A)] Max [dB(A)] Le q[dB(A)]
70
73
71.8
72
75
74.3
73
76
75.9
71
74
74.6
74
76
75.9
72
75
74.6
74
77
76.8
80
83
79.4
71
74
70.7
81
84
81.9
78
81
79.8
82
84
82.3
80
82
81.7
68
67
68
70
81
79
76
80
77
73
81
82
73
78
73
74
76
77
79
81
83
84
70
69
70
72
83
81
78
83
79
75
83
84
75
80
77
78
79
80
81
83
85
87
69.3
68.9
69.7
71.5
82.2
80.8
76.8
82.1
76.3
73.6
82.2
83.7
75.1
80.1
75.9
74.1
78.8
79.6
80.8
80.5
83.3
85.6

Table 3: BOUNDARY OF THE REFINERY AREA
Month: MARCH,2015
S.N.
LOCATIONS
DAY
NIGHT
Min [dB(A)] Max [dB(A)] Leq[dB(A)] Min [dB(A)] Max [dB(A)]

67
71
68.6
55
57
69
73
70.4
59
63
74
78
76.1
72
75
70
73
70.7
64
66
Leq[dB(A)]
56.8
62.1
73.8
64.7
1
2
3
4
GATE NO. 1
GATE NO. 2
BIO TREATMENT PLANT GATE
BIO TREATMENT - CONTROL ROOM
OIL INDIA GATE (NEAR GOVINDPUR

VILLAGE)
61
64
63.2
52
55
54.2
GATE NO. 10
67
70
65.3
57
59
57.9
RFCCU SITE CLOSE TO THE

BOUNDARY
63
65
64.2
58
62
60.7
8
9
10
SRU SITE CLOSE TO THE BOUNDARY

CISF COLONY
NEAR BURROW PIT
64
57
56
66
60
64
65.5
60.6
62.3
61
48
53
63
51
57
61.8
50.6
56.3
4.7 Present Solid Waste Management at Barauni Refinery

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
4.8 Sulphur Balance for FY 2013-14 and FY 2014-15 (03 Quarters)

IOCL BR Input for FY 2013-14
Sl.
No.
Crude / Other inputs
1
Labuan
2
Bonny Light
3
Nemba
4
Usan
5
Forcados
6
White Rose
7
Bombay High
8
EA
9
Girrasol
10
Bonga
11
Seria Light
12
Brass River
13
Miri Light
14
Quaiboe
15
Quarter Land
16
Plutino
17
KIKEH
18
Saxi
19
Hungo Blend
20
Jubli Blend
21
Palanca
22
MURBAN (LS)
23
Kissanje
24
OKORO
25
Arab Mix
26
Kuwait
27
DUBAI
28
Umm Shif
29
Basra Light
30
MURBAN (HS)
31
Lower Zakum
32
Upper Zakum
Total Crude
33
ISD
34
GR Reformate
35
LVFO from AOD
36
Py Gasoline from Panipat
37
Other Inputs
Total Input
Input
(MT)
758123
341913
447464
69670
263725
83189
401417
345859
597915
453
274880
62979
38356
957859
42490
1722
15161
193716
223512
615
65482
410365
144692
153636
130755
249
1768
2404
174475
202613
33101
37459
6478017
42125
2715
5432
2332
40
6530661
Sulphur
Content (% )
0.0951
0.1537
0.2126
0.2300
0.1884
0.2800
0.1200
0.0887
0.3241
0.2460
0.0696
0.1782
0.0851
0.1324
1.2120
0.3860
0.0601
0.3030
0.5796
0.2558
0.1956
0.8101
0.3689
0.1810
2.1600
2.7400
1.9400
1.3210
2.8370
0.8101
1.0370
1.8200
0.8100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0150
Total Sulphur
Chapter 4.8
Sulphur in
Input (MT)
721.14
525.59
951.52
160.24
496.96
232.93
481.70
306.62
1937.96
1.11
191.34
112.22
32.62
1268.25
514.98
6.65
9.11
586.96
1295.40
1.57
128.11
3324.56
533.70
278.08
2824.51
6.82
34.30
31.76
4949.29
1641.46
343.26
681.75
341.21
0.27
0.54
0.23
0.01
24954.75
Sulphur Balance

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
IOCL BR Output for FY 2013-14

Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Products / Other outputs
LPG
SRN
M S(BS-III)
M S(BS-IV)
Superior Kerosene
High Speed Diesel ( B S 6
III)
7
High Speed Diesel (BS - IV)
8
LSHS/IFO
9
RPC
10
FO
11
Bitumen
12
CBFS
13
SULFUR
Fuel (Liquid)
14
Fuel Oil
15
Naphtha
16
HSD
17
FCCU Coke
18
Fuel (Gas)
19
Losses
Total Output
Output
(MT)
Sulphur
content
S in Output
(MT)
316882
124689
1190518
0
820005
135 ppm
180 ppm
135 ppm
50 ppm
0.10%
42.78
22.44
160.72
0.00
820.01
3249279
0
-116
124199
67204
-1465
47043
10253
300 ppm
50 ppm
950 ppm
2.00%
950 ppm
1.80%
1.30%
99.95%
974.78
0.00
0.11
2483.98
63.84
26.37
611.56
10253.00
120339
111090
99
126416
207990
16236
6530661
950 ppm
180 ppm
300 ppm
7.40%
150 ppm
150 ppm
Total Sulphur
114.32
20.00
0.03
9326.97
31.20
2.44
24954.55
Chapter 4.8
Sulphur Balance

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
IOCL BR Input for FY 2014-15 (03 Quarter)

Sl.
Crude / Other inputs
No.
1
Kissanje
2
Kimanis
3
Saxi
4
Bombay High
5
White Rose
6
Kikeh
7
Quaiboe
8
Zafiro
9
D-Jeno
10
Koley
11
Bonny Lt
12
Plutino
13
MURBAN(LS)
14
Usan
15
OKORO
16
Girrassol
17
Labuan
18
Saturno
19
Nemba
20
Amenum
21
Agbami
22
Seria Light
23
EA
24
Hungo Blend
25
Arab.Mix
26
Arab.Mix(Ext Lt)
27
MURBAN(HS)
28
Basrah
Total Crude
29
CFO from BGR
30
LVFO from AOD
31
Py Gasoline from Panipat
32
Other Inputs
Total Input
Input
(MT)
70475
24959
36373
56581
3447
91804
495388
203612
67750
61075
443765
140990
568777
0
0
370478
379769
77099
280223
130794
123910
305387
150134
139274
95267
6741
4390
75523
4403984
13040
21771
25
4438821
S%
in input
0.3689
0.0560
0.3030
0.1200
0.2800
0.0601
0.1324
0.2700
0.4200
0.3700
0.1537
0.3860
0.8101
0.2300
0.1810
0.3241
0.0951
0.8300
0.2126
0.0900
0.0400
0.0696
0.0887
0.5796
2.1600
1.1900
0.8101
2.8370
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0150
Total Sulphur
Chapter 4.8
S in input
(MT)
259.95
13.98
110.21
67.90
9.65
55.16
655.92
549.75
284.55
225.98
682.16
544.22
4607.93
0.00
0.00
1200.79
361.24
639.92
595.89
117.71
49.56
212.57
133.10
807.19
2057.77
80.22
35.56
2142.59
1.30
2.18
0.00
0.00
16504.96
Sulphur Balance

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
IOCL BR Output for FY 2014-15 (03 Quarter)

Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Products / Other outputs
LPG
SRN
M S(BS-III)
M S(BS-IV)
Superior Kerosene
High Speed Diesel ( B S - III)
High Speed Diesel (BS - IV)
LSHS/ IFO
RPC
FO
Bitumen
CBFS
SULFUR
Fuel (Liquid)
Fuel Oil
Naphtha
HSD
FCCU Coke
Fuel (Gas)
Losses
ISD
Total Output
Output
(MT)
Sulphur
content
S in Output
(MT)
217824
54253
837090
0
528313
2182785
0
-1276
97068
33063
-30
21682
7499
135 ppm
180 ppm
135 ppm
50 ppm
0.10%
300 ppm
50 ppm
810 ppm
2.00%
810 ppm
1.80%
1.30%
99.90%
29.41
9.77
113.01
0.00
528.31
654.84
0.00
-1.03
1941.37
26.78
-0.54
281.86
7491.03
93176
75787
204
92397
137895
11448
49644
810 ppm
180 ppm
300 ppm
5.27%
150 ppm
150 ppm
0.91%
75.47
13.64
0.06
4866.54
20.68
1.72
451.76
4438821
Total Sulphur
Chapter 4.8
16504.67
Sulphur Balance

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
4.9 Note on SO2 and NOx emission

IOCL Barauni Refinery have limit of 1035 kg/hr SO2 emission (inclusive of all stacks) as per MoEF
EC letter no. J-11011/491/2007-IA II (I) dated 18th March 2008.
Presently IOCL BR SO2 emission is between 690 720 kg/hr (refer Chapter 4.3), which is approx.
30 - 35% less than the limit of 1035 kg/hr as given by MoEF.
Due to proposed projects, approx. additional emission of SO2 will increase by 15 -20 % ( 150 200 kg/hr) from existing emission. This increase will lead to overall SO2 emission of refinery to 870 920
kg/hr, which will be still within the limit of 1035 kg/hr.
This increase in SO2 limit in post project scenario is mainly governed by increase in consumption
of utility as stated below:
IOCL Barauni Refinery is presently being able to meet NOx limits for individual furnaces (Refer
Chapter 4.3) w.r.t guidelines under The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 given by CPCB with
implementation of low NOx burners in furnaces.
Chapter 4.9
Note on SO2 and NOx emission

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
4. 10 Air Pollution Control Devices

IOCL Barauni Refinery presently has following Air Pollution Control Devices:
i) 05 AAQMS Stations.
ii) 01 CAAQMS Station with SO2, NO2, PM 10 & CO analyzers.
iii) 19 Stack monitoring stations with SO2 & NOx analyzers.
Upcoming Air Pollution Control Devices at IOCL Barauni Refinery:
i) PM 2.5, Ammonia, Ozone & Benzene analyzer in existing CAAQMS.
ii) 02 new CAAQMS Station with SO2, NO2, CO, PM 10, PM 2.5, Ammonia, Ozone & Benzene analyzer.
iii) Inclusion of CO and PM analyzer in all 19 Stacks.
Chapter 4.10
Air Pollution Control Devices

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Chapter -5
Water Balance
Chapter -5
Water Balance

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
5.1 Water Balance Chart of existing configuration .
Current Water Balance
Chapter -5
Water Balance

Barauni Refinery
Chapter -5

BS-IV Project
Water Balance

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
5.2 Water Balance due to proposed project at IOCL Barauni Refinery
5.3 Action Plan for reduction of water requirement.

1) Implementation of In house water conservation schemes.
2) Commissioning of ongoing RO plant at ETP/BTP for maximization of reuse in Refinery Operations.
Chapter -5
Water Balance
Chapter -6
Effleuent Generation & Treatment Scheme
6.1 Qantity of Effluent generation

Current IOCL Barauni Refiney Effluent is as given below :
6.2 EFFLUENT TREATMENT SCHEME
ETP : ETP is designed for effluent flow of 600 M3/Hr (Dry weather) flow or 1000 M3/Hr (Wet weather) flow.
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
An automated mechanical screen, designed for the ultimate flow of 24 MLD, will be provided in the elevated channel for the
removal of suspended matter. a manual bar screen will be provided as a bypass in the incoming channel
Two detritors, one on each side of the screened sewage channel, will be provided for the removal of dense, inorganic solids. a
central bypass channel will be provided between the detritors.
Screened and degritted effluent will be collected in the raw effluent collection chamber /raw effluent pumping station
A raw effluent pumping station for full capacity (24 MLD) has been provided. a total of four submersible centrifugal screw impeller
type pumps has been be provided (are able to lift the raw effluent without oil emulsification and low shear type); two will each be
designed to handle the anticipated wet weather flow (24 MLD) and other to meet the standby tender requirement.
The above system is fully covered to control the emission of volatile organic compounds.
PRIMARY TREATMENT.
Transfer of raw effluent via submersible effluent transfer pumps into two closed equalization tanks.
Equalization of the screened effluent in an above ground equalization tank.
Steam heating will be provided to the equalization tank.
Collection of oil from the equalization tank to the slop oil sumps by an floating type funnel skimmers
Transfer of equalized effluent to tpi separator by gravity.
Routing of slop oil from tpi to wet slop oil sump.
Routing of sludge from tpi to sludge collection sump.
Routing of sludge (intermittently) from equalization tanks to sludge dewatering system
Coagulation of tpi treated effluent in flash mixer through alum.
Mixing of treated spent caustic stream to the outlet of tpi system
Flocculation of coagulated effluent in flocculation mixer through deoiler polyelectrolyte.
Treatment of the flocculated effluent in dissolved air floatation unit.
Collection of daf treated water into a ph correction tank
Transfer of treated effluent to the btp region by connecting the out of the treated water transfer pumps into the outlet of guard
ponds pipeline.
SPENT CAUSTIC TREATMENT
Receipt of effluent into the newly constructed spent caustic collection sump.
PH correction as per process requirement

Treatment by oxidation with H2O2
Routing of treated spent caustic to the tpi outlet.
Routing of sludge (if any) to sludge dewatering system
The spent caustic treatment facility is fully covered to control the emission of volatile organic compounds.
Treated spent caustic stream neutralization
OILY CHEMICAL SLUDGE TREATMENT

The various oil & chemical sludge produced in the process will be treated in a isolated oily chemical sludge treatment system.
Transfer of excess sludge to the sludge holding tank.
Thickening of the produced sludge by a sludge thickener to increase the sludge consistency
Transfer of thickened/digested sludge from the sludge thickener to the centrifuge via suitable progressive cavity centrifuge feed
pumps.
Addition of polyelectrolyte to improve sludge dewatering characteristics via polyelectrolyte dosing pumps.
Return of centrifuge centrate to the inlet receiving sump by gravity (depending upon plant hydraulics).
BTP : BTP is designed for the effluent flow of 1000 M3/Hr (Dry weather) flow or 1400 M3/Hr (wet weather) flow.
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
An influent receiving chamber with a mechanical coarse screen designed for the full capacity will be provided. the mechanical coarse
screen will remove large debris and floating matter that could damage the downstream process pumps.
Screening of effluent prior to collection
The existing horizontal centrifugal type pumps will be used to feed the effluent to the bio tower system.
SECONDARY BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT.
Secondary biological treatment by the two stage aerobic treatment.

The two stage aerobic biological treatment primarily consists of bio tower filters followed by extended aeration process.
The extended aeration tanks will consist of:
fine bubble diffusers
external air blowers
Clarification in the secondary clarifier.
Settled sludge from the bottom of the secondary clarifier will be recycled back to aeration tanks to maintain the desired mlss level.
Excess sludge will be wasted to the sludge holding tank.
BIOLOGICAL SLUDGE TREATMENT

The biological sludge produced in the process will be treated in a isolated sludge treatment system.
Transfer of excess sludge to the sludge holding tank.
Thickening of the produced sludge by a sludge thickener to increase the sludge consistency.
Transfer of thickened/digested sludge from the sludge holding tank to the centrifuge via suitable progressive cavity centrifuge feed
pumps.
Addition of polyelectrolyte to improve sludge dewatering characteristics via polyelectrolyte dosing pumps.
Return of centrifuge centrate to the inlet receiving sump by gravity (depending upon plant hydraulics).
DISINFECTION & FILTRATION TREATMENT
Pre chlorination by clo2 generator
Constant filtration of treated effluent water via low pressure filtration system for removal of suspended impurities.( better than
Pressure sand filtration system , refer attached sheet)
Backwash of filters in auto
Collection of filtered water in the filter water storage tank.
TERTIARY TREATMENT BY ULTRA FILTRATION
The system is operated at 4 x 25 % capacities, for flexible operational conditions.
Transfers of filtered water via basket strainer through a basket strainer feed pump.
Removal of fine suspended colloidal solids via ultra filtration treatment.

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Chapter -7
Oily Sludge & Soild Waste
handling
Updated EIA-EMP report
Chapter - 7
Oily Sludge & Solid Waste Management

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
7.1 Oily Sludge Management

The Oily sludge is generated mainly during cleaning of storage tanks. Due to high oil
content in the sludge, it cannot be disposed off directly. Hence, the same used to be subjected
to melting pit treatment wherein maximum amount of recoverable oil was extracted from the
sludge and the residual oil sludge used to be disposed off through biodegradation at bioremediation site through weathering by a special bacterial consortium. The residual oily sludge
was accumulated in a synthetic lined pit of 2500 m3 before storage.
From March, 2007, the recovery of oil in the oily sludge is being done by Mechanised
skid process wherein the residual oily sludge oil content is in the range of 5-10% against
previous 15-20%. The residual oily sludge water content is lesser by 10-20% leading to lower
sludge quantity for bio-remediation.
The residual oily sludge generated as in previous years will be harmlessly degraded into
waste and carbon dioxide using a process called bio-remediation. In this process, the sludge is
spread out on earmarked site and a bacterial consortium oilivorous S is applied along with
nutrients.
The designated area is tilled every fortnight using a tractor trailer. The bacteria, jointly
developed by M/s TERI and IOCL (R&D) eats away the oil and sulfur present in the sludge.
The added nutrients speed up the process. In a period of 10-12 weeks, the oily sludge is biodegraded and the site is used again for a fresh phase of bio-remediation of additional new
sludge.
Oily Sludge Management for regular refinery operation :
Chapter - 7

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Oily Sludge Management for Tanks given for M&I :
Chapter - 7

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
7.2 Present Solid Waste Management at Barauni Refinery
Chapter - 7

Barauni Refinery
Chapter - 7

BS-IV Project

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Chapter -8
Environment
Management Plan
Chapter - 08
Environment Management Plan

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project

Barauni Refinery is an existing refinery running for more than five decades. It has
a detailed Environmental Management Programme and it meets all statutory
requirements.
There has been continuous thrust on the reduction of energy usage by means of
adopting various energy conservation (ENCON) measures. ENCON is an ongoing
process and plans have been formulated to achieve a further saving in the coming
years.
Similar to ENCON, there is a constant thrust on loss control and resource
conservation measures. There has been considerable reduction in Fresh Water
consumption by diverting once through cooling water to circulating water system
in various units. Treated effluent is reused for fire water cooling tower make up,
coke cutting purposes, horticulture, green belt development and also in Eco
ponds where adequate life flourishes. IOCL Barauni Refinery had achieved zero
discharge to the river Ganga since Oct 2013, which is a significant achievement
towards conservation of natural resources. Further, steam leak, pump/ valve
gland leak and comprehensive loss control surveys by internal and external teams
are done to reduce losses. These measures have also helped in reducing the
refinery loss.
A dedicated pollution control cell consisting of experienced and qualified
engineers coordinates all the activities related to environmental management in
the refinery. There is a full-fledged pollution control laboratory, having modern
and sophisticated equipments and manned by qualified personnel to monitor
performance on a day to day basis. Recently full-fledged NABL accredited lab has
been added to IOCL Barauni Refinery monitoring system.
Occupational health monitoring of the employees is being done since inception by
the refinery hospital. However, the existing facilities have been further
strengthened by setting up a full fledged Occupational Health Centre (OHC)
equipped with latest clinical, pathological and work environment monitoring
equipment and manned by professionally qualified and trained Doctors and paramedical staff.
Chapter - 08

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
1) Water Management
Fresh water from ground water is taken from Artesian Well.
IOCL Barauni Refinery have 07 artesian wells with total pumping capacity of
approx. 2000 m3/hr. Currently it requires approx. 689 m3/hr of fresh water
from these artesian wells.
100% reuse of treated effluent.
Treated effluent is recycled backed for refinery operations (Cooling Towers
makeup, coke cutting water makeup etc.), Fire Water make up water,
horticulture, ecological park and green belt development (inside refinery
premises)
RO plant is coming up for treated effluent at ETP/BTP and likely to be
commissioned by Jan 2016.
With addition of RO plant mentioned above, treated effluent quality will
improve and more recycling will be done in refinery operations (like reuse
in DM plants for generation of Boiler Feed Water(BFW) and DM water)
2) Effluent Management
IOCL Barauni Refinery have recently modernized Effluent Treatment Plant
(ETP) , Biological Treatment Plant (BTP) & Tertiary Treatment Plant (TTP )
with capacity of 1000 m3/hr, 1400 m3/hr and 1400 m3/hr.
These plants are designed for processing of storm water collected from
Refinery during monsoon seasons.
BTP is designed for processing of Township sewage and Refinery sewage.
Apart from regular full fledge IOCL laboratory, accredited 03rd party lab is
fictional since Oct 2014.
Chapter - 08

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Apart from own lab, Barauni Refinery has MoEF accredited Pollution
control Lab for analyzing effluents.
3) Emissions Management
IOCL Barauni Refinery have 05 Manual Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Stations (AAQMS).
01 Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS).
All 19 stacks have stack monitoring stations.
02 Sulphur Recovery Unit with capacity of 40 MT/day.
Quarterly monitoring of VOC by LDAR.
Chapter - 08

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Chapter -9
Expenditure for Environmental
Pollution control measures
Updated EIA report
Chapter - 09
Expenditure for Environmental Pollution

control measures

Barauni Refinery

BS-IV Project
Total Capital Cost for environment pollution control measures :

1) Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP), Biological Treatment Plant (BTP & Tertiary
Treatment Plant (TTP) : Rs 110 Crore
2) 04 Manual Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations : Rs 1.2 Crores
3) 01 Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station : Rs 0.75 Crores
3) 19 Stack Monitoring Stations : Rs 3.5 Crores
4) Connectivity of CAAQMS & Stack Monitoring to CPCB server = Rs 66.45 Lac
6) Development of Bio-remediation site: Rs 49.83 Lac
7) RO plant for treated effluent at BTP : Rs 67 Cr
8) Rain Water Harvesting : Rs 45 Lac
9) Alternate Fuel ( 25 KW Solar Panel ) : Rs 26.75 Lac
Total (approx.) = Rs 185 Crorees.

Total recurring cost per annum for Environment Pollution Control
measures.
1) Operation & Maintenance of ETP, BTP & TTP =Rs 150 Lac/annum.
2) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, Stack Monitoring, Ground Water Monitoring,
Noise monitoring, Work area monitoring and VOC/LDAR monitoring by accredited
consultants = Rs 32.21 /annum.
3) Recovery of oily from oily sludge on Turnkey basis : Rs 1.68 Crore/annum.
4) Dedicated effluent treatment plant Lab = Rs 19.97 Lac/annum.
5) Repair & Maintenance of AAQMS & Stack analyzers = Rs 25.26 Lac/annum.
6) Bio-remediation: Rs 11.09 Lac.
7) Carbon Foot printing (via tree plantation) = Rs 15.25 Lac/annum.
8) Rain Water Harvesting = Rs 20.25 Lac/annum.
9) Eco park & Green Belt development = Rs 12.25 Lac/annum.
Total (approx.) = Rs 455 Lacs / annum
Updated EIA report
Chapter - 09
Expenditure for Environmental Pollution

control measures
For
AT
An ISO 9001:2000 & 14001:2004 Company

BENGAL AMBUJA COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
UN-F13, 1050/1, SURVEY PARK, KOLKATA - 700 075
- (033) 2418 8127/8128/8601,
e-mail :eeplkol@vsnl.net, eeplkol@gmail.com
Website : www.envirotecheast.com
Indian
Oil
Environmental Impact Assessment for

MS & HSD Quality Upgradation and High Sulphur Crude Maximisation Project
at Barauni Refinery
C1 - 1
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL) is a public sector unit owned by Government of India. At
present, it accounts for around 60.2 MMTPA of total installed crude refining capacity through its
seven integrated plants at Guwahati, Barauni, Gujrat, Haldia, Mathura, Digboi and Panipat and
also subsidiaries like CPCL-Chennai, Narimanam and BRPL/ Bongaigaon Refinery &
Petrochemicals Ltd. A new refinery at Paradeep, Orissa is under construction.
1.2
BARAUNI REFINERY
Barauni Refinery, one of the seven refineries under the umbrella of Indian Oil Corporation Limited,
is the sole Petroleum Refinery in the State of Bihar. Since its inception in 1964 with the
collaboration of erstwhile U.S.S.R., thus putting itself among the earliest major industrial projects
in the public sector in India, it has, at present, attained a total installed refining capacity of 6
MMTPA.
Barauni Refinery (BR) has earned ISO-9001 as well as prestigious ISO-14001 & OSHAS-18001
certification, which is a manifestation of its commitment towards promoting environmental &
occupational health & safety considerations with simultaneous emphasis on qualitative
improvement in its product pattern.
The refined products fulfil the requirement of the eastern region by road, rail and also a product
pipeline going upto Kanpur, UP via Patna, Mughalsarai, & Allahabad. A branch pipe line from
Gowria (Near Kanpur) also supplies product to Lucknow. The imported crude oil from Nigeria,
Malaysia and Middle East Countries is supplied to Barauni Refinery through a Haldia Barauni
crude oil pipeline.
In view of the future specification, the demand of quality petroleum products, particularly HSD and
MS, will increase notably in the country. Having realised and identified the need, the management
at Barauni Refinery has planned to install some additional facilities to improve the HSD & MS
quality in Barauni Refinery. Besides, in order to optimize refinery product pattern and economic
viability, facilities for increased processing of high sulphur crude are also envisaged.
1.3
STATUTORY CLEARANCE FOR EXPANSION PROJECT TO 6 MMTPA

Various environmental permits are required to implement the Project. Bihar State Pollution Control
Board (BSPCB) has accorded its No Objection Certificate (NOC) vide letter No. T6/85 dated
03.10.1997. (Annexure-1.1)
The Ministry of Environment & Forests has issued Environmental Clearance vide letter dated 8th
March, 1999. (Annexure-1.2)
The present status regarding the Compliance of Environmental Clearance Conditions is enclosed
as Annexure-1.3.
1.0 Introduction
Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd.
Indian
Oil
1.4

at Barauni Refinery
C1 - 2
PURPOSE OF THE EIA/EMP REPORT AND SCOPE OF STUDY

As per EIA Notification 2006, published on 14th September 2006, all projects or activities, including
expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities or change in Product Mix, falling
under Category A in the Schedule shall require prior Environmental Clearance from Ministry of
Environment & Forests, Govt. of India.
All projects of Petroleum Refining Industry shall be treated as Category A projects and therefore,
shall require prior Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of
India. In this connection, Barauni Refinery submitted an application along with filled up Form I in
the prescribed format and Pre-feasibility Report to MoEF for seeking prior Environmental
Clearance for its proposed project vide Letter No. EP/EC-APPL dated 08.12.2006. Subsequently,
the proposal was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry) in its 63rd meeting,
held on 28th March 2007 to determine the Terms of Reference (TOR) for undertaking detailed EIA
study for obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with the provisions of the EIA
Notification 2006. Accordingly, MoEF issued a letter (Ref. F. No. J-11011/491/2006-IA II (I)) dated
7th May 2007, with mention of the finalized Terms of Reference (Annexure 1.4). The Expert
Appraisal Committee approved the TOR, as proposed by Barauni Refinery, which were:
Baseline Studies
Estimation of Impact Loads
Assessment of Environmental Impacts
Formulation of Management Plans
Preparation of Reports
Period of Study: One full season other than monsoon.
The various components of environment for undertaking the EIA study should be:
Ambient Air Quality

Meteorology
Prediction of the impact on Air Quality
Surface & Ground Water
River Water
Effluent Water
Land Environment
Biological Environment
Noise Environment
Occupational Safety & Health
Socio-economic Environment
Green belt Development
Disaster Management Plan
In addition, the Committee suggested the following TORs for the preparation of the EIA/EMP
Report:
1.0 Introduction
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C1 - 3
Details of Process Description

The data collected for the existing refinery and near the township will form the baseline data.
The impacts due to the new units shall be predicted and super imposed on the existing
baseline data to assess the incremental impacts.
Ambient Air Quality monitoring within 5 km. radius of the refinery for one full season and
location of the station shall be in the down wind direction.
Impact prediction due to all the stacks in the refinery and incremental impact due to additional
stacks.
Installation of continuous ambient air quality monitoring station.
Fate of Disulphide in the oil.
Measures for conservation and recycling of treated effluent.
Action plan for disposal of Spent Catalyst.
Development of Green Belt as per the CPCB Guidelines.
Compliance with the proposed standards for refinery.
Measures for disposal of Oily sludge.
Details of Occupational Health Surveillance Programme.
Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan.
The changes with respect to Socio-economic environment since 2000 till 2007.
As advised, the Draft EIA/EMP Report was prepared, accommodating all the components, based
on finalized TOR for its submission to Bihar State Pollution Control Board.
Subsequently, the Public Hearing was conducted on 25.09.2007 at Officers Club, Barauni
Refinery Township. Minutes of Public Hearing are enclosed as Annexure -1.5. Barauni Refinery
has already planned to take/ has taken actions on the relevant issues raised during the meeting,
which are:
Issue raised
A) In their perception, there is a rise in respiratory ailments in
the surrounding villages. As per Management, regular survey
by its Occupational Health Center does not support this.
However, a survey will be conducted so as to examine and
assess the health of the people of the villages.
B) They also indicated Papaya plants in there residences

have stunted growth. The management in its explanation
assured that the study by competent horticulturist will be
taken up so as to assess the actual situation.
1.0 Introduction
Action taken/ being taken by Barauni

Refinery
A survey was conducted by a panel of
doctors, accompanied with paramedics from
the Government Hospital, Begusarai,
delegated by Civil Surgeon, Begusarai. As per
their report (Annexure-1.6), no adverse
effects or increase in respiratory ailments
were observed.
The issue was referred to Rajendra
Agricultural University, Pusa. In response, a
booklet on Technology for Growing Papayas
in Bihar (Annexure-1.7) was received which
says, viral disease is the major limiting factor
in Papaya cultivation in all regions of Bihar
and attempts are on to select papaya lines
showing strong tolerance to viral diseases.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C) In Keshawe village, the water drawn from few of the hand

pumps has odour. The management assured that during post
monsoon, the issue will be investigated in consultation with
the villagers.
C1 - 4
Water samples drawn from surroundings of

Keshawe village hand pumps were analyzed
at PHE laboratory, Kolkata / Patna during
Nov`07. The odor of water has been detected
as a localized problem. This has further
been substantiated based on Ground water
survey, conducted earlier, which established
Water streams flows in NorthSouth
direction while Kesave village is located in
the eastern direction of refinery. From this, it is
concluded that no contamination through
seepage of refinery water in reverse direction
(of stream flow) is a possibility. However, M/s
NEERI Nagpur has been commissioned for a
fresh survey of ground water strata.
Implementation of recommendations of this
study is planned.
This EIA Report is prepared on the basis of the available secondary data/ literature along with the
on-site data during the period (20th March 2007 19th June 2007) representing the summer
season, generated through on-site monitoring of relevant environmental components and
parameters.
1.0 Introduction
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 1
CHAPTER-2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1
PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS
The principal features or highlights of the proposed MS & HSD Quality Upgradation and High Sulphur
Crude Maximisation Project at Barauni Refinery under study are as follows:
Location
Land requirement
Fuel and source
Cooling system
Source of water
Effluent treatment
disposal
SO2 emission
2.2
Development Block Barauni in Begusarai district of Bihar

As proposed facilities will be installed within the existing refinery
premises, no additional land acquisition is necessary.
Low "S" fuel oil, fuel gas, naphtha and diesel from internal source.
Closed cycle cooling system with cooling towers.
Own tube wells within the refinery.
& The existing ETP will be used for treating the effluent, generated
from the proposed units. The major part of the treated wastewater
will be recycled back to the refinery for various end uses and only a
small quantity will be discharged to the Ganga River through the
existing closed pipeline.
Total 1035 kg/hr including existing and proposed units.
PROJECT LOCATION AND LAYOUT

Barauni Refinery (BR) is located in Development Block Barauni of District Begusarai of the State of
Bihar, about 8 kms. away from the northern or left bank of Ganges. From Patna, the state capital, BR
is about 125 km due east. The latitude and longitude at the Refinery site is 25o26' N and 86o04' E
respectively. The district head quarters town of Begusarai is about 6 km to the east and the Refinery
Township is just adjacent to Begusarai, being about 5 kms. from the Refinery as the crow flies. The
block head quarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW. The proposed units will be confined
within the plant boundary.
Plant layout depicting the existing as well as proposed units/facilities has been presented in Figure2.1.
2.3
CAPACITY AND EXPANSION

Barauni Refinery was commissioned in the year 1964 with a Crude Processing Capacity of 1.0
MMTPA with one Crude Distillation Unit. This capacity was increased to 3.3 MMTPA with the addition
of two CDUs in the year 1966 and 1969.
Its present refining capacity is 6 MMTPA, through the revamp of the existing primary units along with
the installation of the units like RFCCU, DHDT unit, LPG treating unit, Gasoline Treating Unit,
Hydrogen Unit and Sulfur Recovery Unit.
2.0 Project Description
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 2
In order to meet BS-III Specifications, Barauni Refinery has planned to incorporate some new facilities
in their existing Refinery System in connection with the MS Quality and HSD Quality upgradation
projects.
Also, in order to optimize refinery processing economics and at the same time to enlarge the refinery
product slate with production of Bitumen and ATF as finished products, maximization of high sulphur
crude processing is envisaged. This will involve changes in configuration of Process units like RFCCU
& Cokers along with suitable metallurgy upgradation as part of major revamp of the facilities.
The Block Flow Diagram of the existing as well as the proposed process units has been shown as
Figure 2.1(B).
2.4
2.4.1
EXISTING UNITS AND FACILITIES

Main Process Units
1. Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation Unit (AVU-I)
2. Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation Unit (AVU-II)
3. Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation Unit (AVU-III)
4. Delayed Coking Unit-A (DCU)
5. Delayed Coking Unit-B (DCU)
6. LPG Recovery Unit (LRU)
7. Catalytic Reformer Unit (CRU):
a) Naphtha Splitter Unit (NSU)
b) Naphtha Hydro-Treating Unit (NHTU)
c) Catalytic Reforming Unit (CRU)
8. Residue Fluidised Catalytic Cracking Unit (RFCCU)
9. Diesel Hydrotreating comprising the following units :
(i) Diesel Hydrotreating Unit (DHDT)
(ii) Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU)
10. Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU)
(i) Amine Regeneration Unit (ARU)
(ii) Sour Water System (SWS)
(iii) Sulphur Recovery unit - 2 trains
The units and their capacities are listed in Table-2.1.
2.4.2
Existing Offsite and Associated Facilities

Existing offsite and associated auxiliary facilities include:
- Thermal Power Station (TPS) (5 boilers, 3 TGs & 2 GTs)
- Cooling Tower
- DM Plant
- Air Compressor
- Air Drier
- Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) (600 m3/hr capacity) & Biological Treatment Plant (1162 m3/hr capacity)
- Receipt, blending and despatch facility at Offsite area
- Nitrogen Generation Unit
Indian
Oil
2.5
2.5.1

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 3
PROPOSED NEW PROJECTS AND FACILITIES

MS QUALITY UPGRADATION PROJECT
The following new units are proposed under this project:
1. Reformate Splitter Unit
2. Naphtha Hydro-treating & Splitter Unit (NHDT)
3. Isomerisation Unit (ISOM)
4. FCC Gasoline Selective Hydro-treating (SHU) Prime G + Unit
5. FCC Gasoline Hydro-desulphurisation Unit (HDS) Prime G + Unit
6. Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU)
7. DHDT Naphtha Splitter Unit
Besides, existing Catalytic Reforming Unit will be revamped with the addition of one new reformer
reactor by replacing one existing reformer reactor.
Plant layout depicting these additional facilities has been presented in Figure-2.1.
2.5.2
HSD QUALITY UPGRADATION PROJECT

Installation of one additional reactor in DHDT unit.
2.5.3
HIGH SULPHUR CRUDE MAXIMISATION PROJECT

The following new units are proposed under this project:
1. Bitumen Unit (BBU)
2. ATF Treating Unit
Apart from this, the existing units i.e., Delayed Coker Unit (Coker-A) and Residue Fluidised Catalytic
Cracking Unit will be revamped.
2.5.4
PROPOSED OFFSITE AND ASSOCIATED FACILITIES

1. Storage Tanks [5 X 5000 m3 (for Intermediate Products), 3 X 3000 m3 (for ATF), 2 X 3000 m3 (for
Bitumen)]
2. Hydrogen Bullet (1 X 225 m3)
2. Cooling Tower Cells (1 X 2650 m3/hr, 1 X 3250 m3/hr capacities)
3. Steam Turbine Generators (1 X 20 MW) at existing TPS
4. Boiler (1 X 150 TPH) at existing TPS
4. DM Water Plant (130 m3/hr capacity)
5. Air Compressor (1 X 6500 Nm3/hr capacity) + Dryer (1 X 1500 Nm3/hr capacity)
6. Nitrogen Unit
7. Bitumen Dispatch Facilities by TTL
All these facilities will come under MS Quality Upgradation and High Sulphur Crude Maximisation
Projects. No additional auxiliary facilities have been considered under HSD Quality Upgradation
Project.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 4
All other offsite & utility requirements would be met through the existing facilities which include Fire
Fighting Facilities, ETP, Raw water etc.
Refinery Plot Plan depicting these additional facilities has been presented in Figure-2.1 (A).
2.5.5
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
2.5.5.1 MS QUALITY UPGRADATION PROJECT
(A)
Naphtha Splitter Unit (NSU) (Existing)
Schematic / Process Flow Diagram for NSU is shown in Figure-2.2.1.
Straight run naphtha (SRN) which is a full range naphtha cut (C5-160 ASTM) is fed to NSU for
separating it into two fractions. The top fraction which is called Light Naphtha (LN cut range C5-90
ASTM) is a feed to Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU). The remaining LN is routed to new Naphtha
Hydro-treating Unit (NHDT). The bottom fraction of the NSU, which is 90-160 ASTM cut is routed to
existing Hydro-treating Reactor for subsequent reforming in CRU.
(B)
Catalytic Reforming Unit (CRU) (Existing)

Schematic / Process Flow Diagram for CRU is shown in Figure-2.2.2.
The bottom fraction of the NSU, which is 90-160 ASTM cut is routed to existing Hydro-treating Reactor
wherein hydro-desulphurisation of feed naphtha takes place in order to remove the sulphur from the
feed naphtha. The hydro-treated naphtha is then routed through a series of heaters & reforming
reactors wherein complex reactions of Dehydrogenation & Dehydro-isomerisation of Naphthenes,
Isomerisation & Dehydro-cyclisation along with mild hydrocracking of Parafins and hydrogenation of
olefins take place to improve the octane number of the feed naphtha to about 94 units. This improved
octane number stream is known as reformate.
As a part of revamp of existing CRU, one new reactor shall replace one existing reactor to cope with
the higher severity.
(C)
Reformate Splitter Unit New Unit

Schematic / Process Flow Diagram is shown in Figure-2.2.3.
Reformate from Catalytic Reformer Unit is fed to reformate Splitter Column under flow control. The
overhead vapours are totally condensed in the Reformate overhead condenser and collected in
Reformate splitter reflux drum. Part of the liquid collected in the reflux drum is sent back as reflux to
column under flow control. The overhead product (Light Reformate), which is rich in benzene content
is sent to ISOM unit for saturation of benzene.
The heat necessary for splitter reboiling is supplied by steam Rebolier. (Splitter Reboiler is a vertical
thermo-syphon MP steam reboiler).
Heavy reformate (High Octane Component) from reformate splitter bottom is routed to MS pool.
Indian
Oil
(D)

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 5
Naphtha Hydro-Treating Unit (NHDT)- New Unit

Schematic / Process Flow Diagram for NHDT is shown in Figure-2.2.4.
The top fraction of the NSU (LN) remaining after feeding to HGU, along with Coker Naphtha and a
heart cut from Prime G+ Unit under MSQ is fed to Naphtha Hydro-Treating Unit (NHDT). In NHDT,
gum forming unsaturated components (especially di-olefins) of combined feed stream are saturated by
hydrogenation of olefins, di-olefins & sulphur is removed by hydro-desulphurisation. Thus, the hydrotreated naphtha is then fed to a splitter for separating residual C7+ compounds in the Hydro-treated
naphtha from splitter bottom. This bottom fraction is either fed to Reformer Unit or can also be routed
to Naphtha Pool. The top fraction of the Splitter unit is fed to isomerisation Unit.
(E)
Isomerisation Unit (ISOM) New Unit

Schematic / Process Flow Diagram for ISOM is shown in Figure-2.2.5.
Feed to the ISOM unit is hydrotreated naphtha. Feed is pumped by charge pump and gets dried
thorugh drier. The dry feed gets mixed with dry hydrogen. Combined feed is subsequently routed to
ISOM reactors after getting heated in feed/effluent exchangers. ISOM reactor effluent is routed to
Stabiliser after getting cooled in feed / effluent exchangers. Heat is supplied to the stabilizer column
thru stabilizer Reboiler. MP steam is used as hot medium in stabilizer Reboiler. Stabiliser column is a
total reflux column with only net vapor product from stabilizer reflux drum. Reflux to the column is
supplied through stabilizer reflux pumps from stabilizer receiver. Vapor from stabilizer receiver is
scrubbed in caustic scrubber for removal of chloride from gas. Scrubbed fuel gas is routed to refinery
fuel gas system under pressure control. Stabilizer bottoms are routed to De-isohexanizer. Top and
bottom streams are mixed together (final isomerate) and routed to MS pool. The unconverted
component from middle of the column is routed to reactor.
(F)
Prime G+Unit-New Unit

(i) Selective Hydro-treating Unit (SHU)
Schematic / Process Flow Diagram for SHU is shown in Figure-2.2.6.
The prime G+Unit consists of Selective Hydro treating Unit (SHU) followed by the splitter unit &
Hydro-Desulphurisation Unit (HDS). The feed to the Prime G+Unit is Light Cracked Naphtha (LCN)
from RFCC unit. The LCN will be fed to SHU in which selective hydrotreating of di-olefins and
conversion of lower mercaptans to higher mercaptans by reacting with olefins take place while
removing the sulphur from the feed stream and by preventing the octane loss. That is why the name
selective hydro-treating unit is given. Thus, the hydro-treated LCN stream will be fed to a splitter unit
wherein the stream shall be separated into three parts namely Top Cut, Heart Cut & bottom cut. The
top cut will directly be routed to MS Pool. Part of the Heart Cut will be routed to new NHDT Unit along
with Coker Naphtha and Light Naphtha. Remaining part of heart cut will be routed to MS pool.
(ii) Hydro-desulphurisation Unit (HDS)
Schematic / Process Flow Diagram for HDS is shown in Figure-2.2.7.
The bottom cut (Heavy Cut) will be routed to Hydro-desulphurisation unit (HDS). After the
desulphurization of bottom cut, it will be routed to MS Pool. A provision is kept to route part of the FCC
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 6
Heavy Cycle Naphtha (HCN) to HDS unit also. The remaining / whole part of the HCN shall be routed
to DHDT feed pool as per the operational requirement. A flexibility of recycling of the bottom cut to
new NHDT is also kept.
(G)
Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU)

Schematic / Process Flow Diagram for HGU is shown in Figure-2.2.8.
To meet the make up requirement of Hydrogen for NHDT, ISOM and PRIME G+ unit of MSQ facilties,
naphtha steam reforming type Hydrogen unit has been considered where Hydrogen is produced by
steam reforming of Naphtha. Naphtha is first desulphurised over a desulphurisation catalyst where, in
presence of hydrogen, non-reactive sulphur compounds are hydrogenated to hydrogen sulphide which
is then absorbed on Zinc Oxide beds. The desulphurised feed is mixed with preheated steam and
then heated to the desired temperature before entering steam reforming furnace tubes containing a
nickel based catalyst. The reformed gases leave the tubes and after exchanging heat to generate
steam, pass through a CO shift convertor where most of the carbon monoxide is reacted with excess
steam to produce additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The converted gases leave the reactor and
preheat the incoming Naphtha, Boiler Feed water and Demineralised water. The impurities like carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen and water vapour are removed by high pressure
adsorption on molecular sieves in PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) system. All adsorbed gases are
removed during desorption & regeneration of the beds and used as fuel in reformer furnace. Hydrogen
with 99.5% (vol) purity is fed to MSQ units/ refinery H2 network.
2.5.5.2 HSD QUALITY UPGRADATION PROJECT

DHDT MODIFICATION
DHDT unit is designed to produce hydrotreated diesel of 0.20 wt% `S and 48.5 Cetane no. Further,
the licensor has carried out the basic design for the additional facilities that will be required in future for
meeting the HSD quality of 350 wt ppm `S and 51 Cetane no. For achieving HSD quality of 350 wt
ppm `S and 51 Cetane No., an additional reactor is required to be installed. The additional reactor (3rd
reactor) will be connected to the outlet of 2nd reactor. The hydraulic of the DHDT unit was designed
taking care of the additional pressure drop across an additional (3rd) reactor and Recycle gas
scrubber. Hence, the unit configuration will remain unaltered except addition of a new reactor in series.
The block flow diagram with new reactor in the system is shown in the attached block flow diagram as
Figure-2.3. The unit comprises the following sections:
(i) Reaction Section:
Fresh Feed System
Feed Heat Exchange System
Make-up Hydrogen system
Recycle Hydrogen system
Reactor System
Reactor Effluent Cooling System
Reactor Effluent Water Wash System
Vapour / Liquid Separation System
(ii) Fractionation Section
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 7
The brief process description of all the above section is given below.
(i)
REACTION SECTION
Fresh Feed System
The feed to the unit can be either cold (40C) or hot (100C). Feed obtained from offsite storage
tanks at 40C is pumped into a Feed coalescer for the removal of potential free water. The feed is
heated to 100C in a preheat exchanger. Hot feed is sent from offsite and pumped by hot feed
pumps. The combined feed is sent through a feed Filter for removal of suspended solids to the feed
surge drum, which is blanketed with nitrogen to prevent gum formation resulting in possible
equipment fouling. The feed pumps take suction from the feed surge drum and pumps the raw oil to
feed pre-heat section, where feed is preheated via process exchangers with reactor effluent.
Feed Heat Exchange system
The reactor charge is preheated by the reactor effluent in a series of feed-effluent exchangers before
entering the reactor charge heater. This is done to recover as much heat as possible from the heat of
reaction. Liquid feed is preheated separately with reactor effluent before combining with the recycle
gas which is also preheated with reactor effluent. The combined feed stream enters a mixed phase
heater to reach the desired reactor inlet temperature (340 370C). A fresh feed bypass around one
or more exchangers is used to provide better control of the charge heater outlet temperature.
Makeup Hydrogen System
Make-up H2 is obtained from Hydrogen unit at a pressure of 19.5 kg/cm2 g. Since the reactor section
pressure is >100 kg/cm2 g, the make-up gas is compressed by make-up gas compressor before it
joins the system. The make-up gas joins the recycle gas at the suction of recycle gas compressor.
Recycle Hydrogen System
After separation of the gas and liquid phases in the high pressure separator, the gas leaves from the
top of the high pressure separator and flows to the suction of the recycle gas compressor via Recycle
Gas Knock out drum.
After the recycle compressor discharge, some recycle gas will be split off the main stream for use as
quench gas between catalyst beds in the reactor. Separate quench gas streams are used to reduce
reactor inter bed temperatures before each catalyst bed. Quench flow is regulated by a flow controller
cascaded from a temperature controller at the top of the catalyst bed below the quench zone.
Reactor Section
Once the feed and recycle gas have been heated to the desired temperature, the reactants enter the
top of the reactor. As the reactants flow downward through the catalyst bed, various exothermic
chemical reactions occur and the temperature increases. Each bed contains a 3 element radial
thermocouple assembly at the top and at periodic levels down through the bed depending upon bed
length. Reactor skin thermocouples are provided at the bottom of each bed and on the bottom reactor
head, for monitoring the reactor wall temperature. The reactors are typically divided into individual
catalyst beds supported on a beam and grid support system. The support system is separated from
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 8
the next bed of catalyst by a quench gas distributor, reactant mixing internals and a vapor/liquid redistributor tray.
Reactor Effluent Cooling
Due to the exothermic nature of the reactions taking place in the reactor, the temperature of the
material leaving will be greater than the reactor inlet temperature. The heat of reaction as well as a
large portion of the heat contained in the reactor feed is recovered in a series of heat exchangers. The
reactor effluent is used to preheat not only the liquid feed but also recycle gas and stripper feed.
Reactor Effluent Water Wash
Final cooling of the reactor effluent is obtained in air fin cooler (Effluent Condenser). Water is injected
into the stream before it enters Effluent condenser in order to prevent the deposition of salts that can
corrode and foul the cooler. The sulfur and nitrogen contained in the feed are converted to hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) in the reactor. These two reaction products combine to form
ammonium salts which can solidify and precipitate as the reactor effluent is cooled. Likewise,
ammonium chloride may be formed if there is any chloride in the system. The purpose of the water is
to dissolve these salts before they precipitate.
Vapor / Liquid Separation
This unit has the HP separator and the Flash drum. The HP separator operates at 84 kg/cm2 g and
54C where three phases are separated. The hydrocarbon liquid phase from HP separator is routed
under level control to the Flash drum through Power recovery turbine to recover the energy. The sour
water containing salts is also routed to the bottom of the flash drum. The gases are further
compressed in recycle compressor and recycled.
The Flash drum operates at 17.6 kg/cm2 g and 54C where three phases are again separated. The
sour water is removed under level control and sent to sour water stripping unit at battery limit. This
water contains a large concentration of H2S and NH3. The hydrocarbon liquid phase is routed to
stripper heat exchanger train, where it is heated by reactor effluent to the required stripper inlet
temperature at 260C.
(ii) FRACTIONATION SECTION

The function of the fractionation section is to separate sour gas and naphtha from the diesel product.
The hydrocarbon liquid collected in the flash drum is sent to a stripper column on level control. The
feed is preheated by reactor effluent. Stripping steam (MP steam) is used under flow control to reboil
the stripper. Steam added to the bottom of the tower helps stripping light ends from the bottoms. Light
ends and H2S gather at the top of the stripper and are partially condensed in Stripper overhead
condenser and Stripper overhead trim cooler. Corrosion inhibitor is injected into the stripper overhead
line ahead of the overhead condenser. Three phases are separated in the stripper overhead drum.
Sour water is combined with the sour water from the Flash drum and sent to waste water stripping unit
at battery limit.
The liquid hydrocarbon are pumped through the stripper reflux pumps and spilt into three streams.
First one is reflux which is returned to top of the stripper under level control and second is other reflux
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 9
routed to the 7th tray of the stripper under the flow control after being heated by the diesel product
exchanger. And third stream is liquid distillate (unstabilized naphtha) which is routed to RFCC unit at
battery limit.
Vapor stream is sent to amine absorber knock out drum. This stream is mixed with gas from the flash
drum before it enters absorber knock out drum. The gas from absorber knock out drum is routed to the
bottom of the LP absorber. Lean amine is fed directly from battery limit into the absorber under flow
control. After washing the H2S in the hydrocarbon gas, the amine gets collected in the bottom of the
absorber. Rich amine is sent under level control to the amine treating unit at battery limit. The
overhead gases from the absorber are routed to the Stripper gas amine knockout drum to remove the
traces of amine in the carryover. The sweet gas is routed to fuel gas header under the pressure
control of the stripper receiver.
The stripper bottom product exchanges heat with the returned naphtha reflux to 7th tray of the stripper
and undergoes further cooling in the feed preheat exchanger, the diesel product cooler and the diesel
product trim exchanger. Water is removed from the diesel product in the diesel product coalescer and
the diesel product is sent under flow control to the storage tank.
2.5.5.3 HIGH SULPHUR CRUDE MAXIMISATION PROJECT

(A)
Delayed Coking Unit (Coker A)

The delayed Coking is a thermal cracking process. The feed to this unit is vacuum residue. The
vacuum residue from Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU) of AVU I / II / III is fed to Coker A. It is heated
to a temperature of about 240C in pre-heat exchangers wherein the outgoing hot product streams
coming from the unit exchange heat with the incoming feed. Thus, the pre-heated feed is introduced to
the fractionating column of Coker A. The bottom stream of the fractionating column is fed to the fired
heaters at about 320C. In the fired heaters, it is heated to a temperature of about 500C and the hot
stream is introduced to the Coke Chambers (Coke Drums) at bottom pressure of about 5.0 Kg/cm2 g.
In the Coke Drums, the hot stream thus undergoes cracking and polymerization in the Coke Drums
and gets adequate residence time for condensation. The condensed coke slowly gets deposited in the
Coke Drums and the hot vapor formed due to cracking in the chamber leaves the chamber top at
about 450C. A stream of Coker Gas Oil is added into the overhead vapor line as a quenching
medium to prevent the vapors from further cracking. The hot vapors then proceed further to a quench
column where additional gas oil quench is added to condense heavy components from the hot vapors.
Thus, adequately quenched hot vapors leave the quench column at about 410C from the top and
proceed further to the Coker Fractionator. The bottom stream of the quench column is removed as
product stream known as RFO at about 400C. In the fractionator, the hot vapors are fractionated into
different product streams namely off-Gas, Coker Naphtha, Coker Kerosene, Coker Gas Oil and Coker
Fuel Oil. The off-gas & naphtha are routed to LPG Recovery Unit for LPG recovery and stabilization of
the naphtha respectively.
The Coke Drums, after adequately cooling by steam and water, are opened and the solid coke is
removed by cutting. While the coke cutting operation proceeds in the coke full chamber, the other
empty chamber is put in operation and this cycle goes on. The cycle length of about 24 hours is
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 10
maintained. One cycle of the coke drum is a period from the time after putting into operation once upto
its putting into operation the second time.
(B)
(C)
Residue Fluidised Catalytic Cracking Unit (RFCCU)

It is a catalytic cracking process in a fluidized bed. The feed to this unit can be either Vacuum Gas Oil
or Vacuum residue in the admixture. Provision is also there to route CFO from Delayed Coker Unit.
The feed from the storage tanks is pumped to this unit. It is heated to a temperature of about 204C in
preheat exchangers wherein the outgoing hot product streams coming from the unit exchange heat
with the incoming feed. Thus, the pre-heated feed is introduced to the bottom of riser reactor. Steam
is added at the bottom of the riser-reactor thru specially designed nozzles along with feed for proper
atomization. The cracking of the feed takes place in presence of catalyst. The catalyst is routed to the
regenerators from the top of the riser-reactor and the hot vapors are routed to the main fractionator
after stripping & separation of catalyst fines in the steam stripper & cyclone separator respectively at
the top of the riser-reactor. In the fractionator, the vapors are desuperheated & separated into different
fractions namely off-gas, Light Cycle Oil (LCO) & Clarified Oil (CLO) from top, side & bottom
respectively. The fractionator off-gas is routed to the GASCON section wherein uncondensed Gas,
LPG, LCN & HCN are separated. Sour Off gas, Sour LPG & Sour LCN after sweetening are routed to
their respective storage.
Bitumen Blowing Unit New Unit
Schematic / Process Flow Diagram for BBU is shown in Figure-2.4.1.
The feed to the Bitumen unit consists of the hot Vacuum Residue (VR) taken directly from the vacuum
unit and cold Vacuum Residue from storage. The hot VR enters the Bitumen unit under the flow
control at a temperature of about 240C. The cold Vacuum Residue from storage is pumped by feed
pumps to the furnace where the Vacuum Residue is heated to a temperature of about 241C. The
temperature of the feed is maintained at 232C by temperature control. The combined feed is then
routed to the Biturox reactor. The reactor unit, where the Biturox process occurs, consists of three
main components.
The Biturox reactor
The agitator, with three stages of disc mixers
The guiding cylinder, located concentric to the shell and containing two coalescing plates, each one
is located under the middle disc mixer and the other under the upper disc mixer.
Measured amounts of feedstock, air and water are simultaneously fed into, and processed within the
reactor unit. Compressed air is fed into the guiding cylinder through four vertical air injection pipes and
flows down through the pipes to the bottom of the reactor where it is blown into the incoming feed. As
the air injection pipes are large in diameter, the air bubbles created at the bottom of the pipes are
large and as such minimize the amount of available oxygen at the air inlet, which prevents over
heating and coke formation at this point. To increase the amount of available oxygen and be able to
achieve maximum utilization, it is necessary to reduce the size of the air bubbles, thus releasing more
oxygen to the process. As the air bubbles are introduced to the process at the bottom of the reactor
they begin to rise and are immediately broken up, become smaller, and are dispersed by the first disc
mixer. It is at this point that the optimum intensive reaction begins involving the combination of
feedstock, small air bubbles and steam. The small bubbles continue to rise inside the guiding cylinder,
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 11
grow and become large, and are again broken up and dispersed by the disc mixer. The above
mentioned sequence of movement is continuous, in stages, as the material is being processed
circulates rapidly upstream within the guiding cylinder and the inside wall of the reactor shell. This
continued circulation, together with the dynamics of the process itself, ensures a uniform reaction and
consistently offers the best in product quality.
Offgas from the Biturox process contains N2, residual O2, water stream, CO, CO2, H2S, SO2 and
hydrocarbons. To prevent the deposits in Offgas line, make-up water (BFW) will be injected into the
Offgas pipe. Due to the vaporizing of BFW the temperature of the Offgas will be reduced
approximately to 170-180C. As a result of Offgas cooling a part of the hydrocarbons will condense
from the Offgas and wash the pipe. The amount of injected BFW is controlled with flow controller.
The vapors and excess air at about 170-180C are routed to the quench drum. A raw water
connection is provided on the quench drum for reducing the temperature of the off gases from 180C
to 80C. The residual O2 content in the Offgas will be indicated by the Oxygen analyazer located in
the Offgas line downstream of the scrubber section. An alarm will indicate the high oxygen content in
Offgas before the explosion limit is reached. The offgas will be led to incinerator. The condensed
hydrocarbons and water flow into a settler. The settler is a horizontal vessel with a vertical baffle. The
mixture of oil and water flows into one side of the baffle, where the water and oil are separated into
two layers. Oil is drained to OWS regularly and as and when oil accumulation is observed. The
quenched off-gas from the quench drum passes through a water seal drum where the temperature of
gas is reduced to 49C. This drum is located on top of the quench drum. Water is injected into the
drum and a seal is maintained by a gooseneck seal. The off gas from the water seal drum is routed to
the incinerator through flame arrestors. The offgas then enters the incinerator through four nozzles
where it is burnt. The incinerator is a vertical cylindrical type furnace provided with one fuel gas burner.
The produced product is discharged from the reactor by the product pump. A part of the product
leaving the reactor is circulated on pressure control from the product pumps back to the feed line of
the reactor. The product is led to the Steam generator and Bitumen trim cooler will be used to cool the
product to storage temperature.
(D)
ATF Treating Unit-New Unit

Schematic / Process Flow Diagram is shown in Figure-2.4.2.
The Kero from downstream of existing Kero Coalescer in AVUs shall be routed to ATF Treatment Unit
directly at a pressure of about 8.0 kg/Cm2 g. The ATF Treating Facilities include Five Sections,
namely, i) Napfining Section, ii) Mericat II Reactor Section, iii) Aquafining Section, iv) Drying Section
and v) Cleaning / Filtration Section.
The objective of each section is explained below:
i)
Napfining Section
The Napfining Section, which is a FFC (Fibre Film Contactor) Unit, extracts the majority of the
naphthenic acid impurities by caustic.
ii) Mericat- II Rector Section

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 12
Mericat II Reactor Section, which is another FFC unit, oxidizes the mercaptans present in the
feed stream using air in presence of caustic & catalyst.
iii) Aquafining Section
Aquafining Section, which is also a FFC unit, is used for sodium removal in the form of traces of
free caustic and sodium naphthenate in the treated Kero stream by water wash.
iv) Drying Section
The Drying Section, which employs a salt-drier with sodium chloride, removes free water and
some soluble water.
v) Cleaning / Filtration Section
Finally, the cleaning/filtration section, which includes Clay Filter followed by a 10 Cartridge Filter,
completes the jet fuel treating system.
Thus, the untreated Kero from AVUs will be contacted with caustic in a series of Fiber Film Contactors
(FFC) and water washed in another FFC in the ATF Treatment Unit. The Kero then will be routed to a
salt drier for removal of any free/dissolved moisture and then will be passed thru clay filter for
imparting color stability to the ATF. After filtration thru Basket Filter, the ATF will be routed to storage
tanks.
(E)
Sulphur Recovery Unit New Unit

Schematic / Process Flow Diagram for SRU is shown in Figure-2.4.3.
The acid gas from Amine Regeneration Unit (ARU) & Sour Water Stripper (SWS) is fed to Main
Combustion Chamber (MCC) in which the controlled burning of H2S to SO2 takes place at a
temperature of about 1100C. After combustion in MCC, the mixture passes through the S condenser
where S gets separated from the gas mixture. The residual gas mixture is fed to Clause Reactors
where in the reaction of SO2 & H2S takes place in a series of three reactors at about 230C, 220C &
205C respectively. There is an S condenser after each reactor from where S separation takes place
and the residual gas mixture is fed to subsequent reactor. Then, the effluent of the last reactor is
mixed with air and fed to Super Clause Reactor. After condensation in the S condenser, the residual
unconverted gases are burned in incinerator. The solid sulphur comes out from each of the S
condenser make Sulphur Tree in the sulphur pit.
2.6
OFFSITE AND ASSOCIATED FACILITIES

Auxiliary facilities/ utilities are the common requirements that are necessary for the operation of the
main crude refining processes. The main utilities include water, power, steam, cooling tower, boiler
feed water, fuels, compressed air, storage and despatch facilities and effluent treatment plant. The
existing main auxiliary facilities/ utilities are discussed below:
(A)
Steam and Power

The refinery has a Captive Power Plant for meeting the requirement of steam and power. There are 5
boilers, each of 75 MT/hr capacity. There are three Turbo Generators (TG), two of 12 MW capacity
each and the third of 12.5 MW capacity. The TPS has a DM plant to meet the boiler feed water
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 13
requirement and an independent cooling tower. In addition to 3 nos. of TGs., there are 2 nos. Gas
Turbines (GTs) of 20 MW each, integrated with HRSG, each of 40 MT/hr steam genration capacity.
Peak demand of Power at the existing refinery operation is of the order of 42 MW. This is being met
from the existing system by operating 5 nos. boilers (each 75 MT/hr steam generation capacity) and 3
nos. turbo generators (two of 12 MW and one of 12.5 MW capacity) and the GTs.
This will go up to around 52.5 MW after the commissioning of the new facilities. One Steam Turbine
Generator (STG) of 20 MW capacity with one boiler of 150 MT/hr capacity has been proposed, which
will be integrated to the existing CPP (Captive Power Plant).
STEAM & POWER SCENARIO
Existing
Power (MW)
Boiler Load (MT/Hr)
Boiler in Operation
GT
TG
DHDT
MSQ
HS Crude
42
4.5
52.5
155
3 Nos
53
44
252
3 Nos (Exist) +
1No (New)
2 X 18 MW
1 X 16.5 MW (New TG)
2 X 17 MW
1 X 8 MW
Total
After implementation of all the facilities, total 4 boilers (3 Existing + 1 New) and 2 GTs (existing) and 1
TG (new) will be in operation. With the installation of new boiler & TG, numbers of equipment in
operation will be reduced.
(B)
Water Intake and Cooling Towers

The fresh water requirement of the refinery is met by ground water supplied through 9 nos. of artesian
tube wells installed in close proximity of the refinery boundary.
The pressurised Cooling Towers have been installed & commissioned to meet the cooling water
requirements for the process plants. The hot water from the process units returns under pressure to
the cooling tower inlet with the facility to skim off oil or the floating material from the cooled water
sump. The cold water is then pumped back to the process units.
(C)
Fuel System
The fuel supply for the heaters in the process plant consists of low "S" fuel oil and sweet fuel gas
which is obtained from the refinery fuel gas network. In addition, naphtha / HSD is also supplied to
GTs as fuel from separate tanks.
(D)
Crude Oil Receipt

The imported crude oil from Nigeria, Malaysia and Middle East Countries is supplied to Barauni
Refinery through a Haldia Barauni crude oil pipeline.
Indian
Oil
(E)

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 14
Product Despatch Facilities

The finished products from the refinery are despatched by three different modes viz. Rail, Road and
Pipeline. Two broad gauge tank wagon loading gantries are provided for loading white oil and black oil
products.
White oil is transferred to the tanks of adjacent terminal of IOC (Marketing) to despatch to local areas.
Tanks truck loading gantry (1 no.) is provided for the despatch of special products. While oil products
are pumped through Barauni/ Kanpur product pipeline (1.8 MMTPA capacity) with the tap-off points at
Patna, Mughalsarai, Allahabad, Kanpur and Lucknow. The products received from the Haldia-Barauni
Pipeline are also despatched through the Barauni- Kanpur Pipeline.
(F)
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

Barauni Refinery has been provided with an Effluent Treatment Plant since its inception, so that the
effluent quality meets the specifications. Subsequently, facilities like Chemical Treatment, BioTreatment plant were added to ensure that the effluent meets the quality as per the latest and more
stringent quality standards under Environment Protection Act, 1986. A separate pumping station has
been provided for the recycling of the treated effluent back to the refinery for various end uses.
(G)
Miscellaneous Other Off-site Facilities

In addition to the major facilities mentioned above, the refinery has elaborate fire protection facilities
and fire water network covering all the areas, LPG bottling plant to fill LPG cylinders, bulk LPG
despatch facilities, Quality Control Laboratory, various site offices and the Administrative Block.
2.7
2.7.1
WATER AND WASTE WATER

Requirement and Source of Water
In the refinery, water is required for operation of the process units, cooling towers and TPS, and also
to meet the domestic demand within the refinery.
The existing water requirement for the refinery stands at 1155 m3/hr. This will go up to 1397 m3/hr after
the installation of the new projects.
There will be additional 242 m3/hr requirement of water after the installation of the proposed projects.
The break up of the total future make-up water requirement will be:
S.N.
1.
2.
2.
3.
TOTAL
DESCRIPTION
Cooling Water Make Up
DM Plant water
Service Water
Drinking Water
AMOUNT
(m3/hr)
835
388
100
74
1397
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 15
2.7.2 Types and Quantum of Waste Water

2.7.2.1 Waste Water Generation
There are a number of sources where liquid effluents get generated at the refinery which ultimately are
routed to the Effluent Treatment Plant to take care of the pollutants carried by these streams. These
are described as below:
Oily Effluents
Source: Pump houses, Tank farms, Product loading, Gantries, Floor washings, Process
units (Drainage from vessels and sample points) etc.
Pollutants: Oil, Phenols, Sulfides, Suspended Solids.
Chemical Effluents
Source: Caustic washing of Naptha.
Pollutants: Sulphides, Phenol and Oil.
Storm Water
Sources: Paved unit areas, Tank farms, Loading areas.
Pollutants: Suspended Solids and oil when contaminated.
Sanitary Waste
Source: Refinery toilets, Refinery township.
Pollutants: Suspended Solids.
The total effluent load from the refinery after the installation of the proposed projects will be about 520
m3/hr. The existing ETP has a design capacity of 600 m3/hr and that of the BTP is 1162 m3/hr.
Therefore, the effluent load of around 520 m3/hr in the ETP and around 694 m3/hr in the BTP will be
easily treated there.
The existing as well as the future water balance of the refinery after MS and HSD quality upgradation
and High Sulphur Crude Maximisation Project have been presented as Figures - 2.5 (A) & 2.5 (B)
respectively.
2.7.3 WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
2.7.3.1 Existing Treatment Facility
Segregated sewers have been provided for oily effluent, chemical effluent, storm water and sanitary
wastes. Except storm water, all other liquid streams are routed to the ETP for the physical, chemical
and the biological treatment. It is also observed that during heavy rains, a portion of the storm water
also lands at the ETP from the tank farm area through manholes or through the valve chambers
provided within the tank dykes (depending on the position of dyke Valves i.e. if open to the oily water
sewer system).
All the waste water generated through various operation is taken to the treatment units by the properly
designed channel / pipeline and treated adequately.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 16
The treatment units include two sectioned rectangular Sand Traps or Grit-Chambers, three Oil
Separators and two large Guard Ponds.
The entire trade effluents, after the physico-chemical treatment are pumped to the biological treatment
plant (located about 1 km to the South-East of the refinery), to be mixed with the raw sanitary sewage
and subjected to the biological treatment based on the activated sludge process. The biological
treated waste waters are routed through a polishing-cum-guard pond and then discharged into the
river Ganga through 9 km. long outfall (Presently, the entire treated waste water is being recycled back
to the refinery for various end uses).
The physico-chemical treatment units for the trade effluents are designed for a maximum flow of 600
m3/hr. Excess flow, if any, is diverted to an emergency basin from where it is taken back to the
treatment units during lean period.
The Effluent Treatment Facility at the Barauni Refinery is shown in Figure-2.6.
2.7.3.2 Modernisation of Existing Treatment Facility
The existing Effluent Treatment and Biological Treatment Plants are undergoing the process of
modernisation. The capacity of the ETP will be increased from the existing level of 600 m3/hr to 1000
m3/hr and that of BTP from 1162 m3/hr to 1500 m3/hr, with the modification of the existing equipments
in both the ETP and the BTP.
2.7.3.3 Treatment of Additional Waste water
The existing Refinery has an Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) to treat the refinery effluents to meet
Minimal National Standards (MINAS). As the waste water streams due to the proposed projects are
similar to those generated in the existing refinery, the existing ETP can be used to treat the additional
waste water.
2.7.4
Compliance with Standards

Treated effluent from the Refinery is to meet MINAS as notified by Central Pollution Control Board.
MINAS has later been included in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. At present, the treated
effluent is meeting MINAS. Quality of treated effluent is monitored every day to check the compliance
of the standard. Performance evaluation of the Effluent Treatment Plant & the Biological Treatment
Plant is conducted on daily basis.
A comparison of MINAS and the present effluent quality will show that at present, the effluent standard
is well within the MINAS regulations both qualitatively and quantitatively. After the commissioning of
the additional units, pollution load will increase marginally and meet MINAS both qualitatively and
quantitatively.
2.7.5
Re-use of Waste Water

Barauni Refinery is reusing the major portion of the treated effluent for:
Fire Tank/ cooling water make up
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 17
Coke Cutting
Gardening and horticulture
Eco Ponds
Treated effluent reuse flow path in the BR has been depicted in Figure-2.7.
2.7.6
Management of Storm Water

Storm water gets generated during rains from various catchment areas in the refinery such as Tank
farms, Loading Gantries, paved areas in various units, building roofs, roads and surrounding open
areas. Presently a large fraction of storm water generated flows through the storm water open channel
particularly in monsoon. The storm water from various areas gets routed through the network of open
channels which are interconnected and finally the storm water flows out of the refinery to a burrow pit.
The coke cutting water is also routed to the storm water channel.
At Barauni Refinery, the storm water was observed to be free from oil. Any accidental spillage of oil
from tank farm dyked area (provided, the dyke valves are open for storm water channel) or pipe leaks
etc might lead to oil passage to the storm water system. Every storm water stream, therefore, has
passed through single and double oil catchers to arrest such accidental oil spillage. BR has provided
good facilities for oil recovery from tank wagon loading leaks or floor washings by providing a number
of oil / traps and separators which were found to be quite effective.
2.8
SOLID/ HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL

Mainly four types of solid wastes are generated in the Refinery and its townships; namely oily sludge,
biological sludge (from the biological treatment of the wastewater), other industrial solid wastes
(intermittent) and the domestic solid wastes. The oily-sludge and spent catalyst of RFCCU are the
hazardous wastes generated in refinery operations.
Oily Sludge
The Oily sludge is generated mainly during cleaning of storage tanks. Due to high oil content in the
sludge, it cannot be disposed off directly. Hence, the same used to be subjected to melting pit
treatment wherein maximum amount of recoverable oil was extracted from the sludge and the residual
oil sludge used to be disposed off through biodegradation at bio-remediation site through weathering
by a special bacterial consortium. The residual oily sludge was accumulated in a synthetic lined pit of
2500 m3 before storage.
From March, 2007, the recovery of oil in the oily sludge is being done by Mechanised skid process
wherein the residual oily sludge oil content is in the range of 5-10% against previous 15-20%. The
residual oily sludge water content is lesser by 10-20% leading to lower sludge quantity for bioremediation.
The residual oily sludge generated as in previous years will be harmlessly degraded into waste and
carbon dioxide using a process called bio-remediation. In this process, the sludge is spread out on
earmarked site and a bacterial consortium oilivorous S is applied along with nutrients.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 18
The designated area is tilled every fortnight using a tractor trailer. The bacteria, jointly developed by
M/s TERI and IOCL (R&D) eats away the oil and sulfur present in the sludge.
The added nutrients speed up the process. In a period of 10-12 weeks, the oily sludge is bio-degraded
and the site is used again for a fresh phase of bio-remediation of additional new sludge.
About 18000 MT of residual oily sludge has been biodegraded during 1998-2007. The quality of soil at
the Bio-remediation site is checked regularly w.r.t. accumulation of heavy metals. Also, underground
water quality is checked in the periphery of the site. So far, no adverse impact has been found.
Before Bioremediation of Oily Sludge
After two months of Bioremediation

of Oily Sludge
Spent Catalyst from RFCCU

RFCCU uses silica-alumina based catalyst for cracking of heavy Hydrocarbons. The trace heavy
metals in the feed material get deposited on the catalyst in course of processing and act as a catalyst
poison. To maintain the overall activity level of the catalyst, spent catalyst with metal deposits is
purged from the system. The spent catalyst, hence withdrawn, is classified as hazardous waste due to
its heavy metal content particularly w.r.t. nickel (Ni) and Vanadium (V) which are around 5000-6000
ppm.
The spent catalyst from the unit is stored in concrete lined pits as well as packed in empty polybags.
These polybags are containers in which fresh catalyst is received at Refinery. The polybags are then
stored under roof to safeguard from inclement weather.
With regards to its disposal, the same can be utilised either as filler in bituminous mixture used for
road construction or as raw material for the cement industries. The use in road construction is
corroborated by a research carried out by Central Road Research Institute and communicated to IOCL
which says that 3% spent catalyst mixed with 2% lime in bitumen improves the road quality.
In regards to use of spent catalyst in cement industry, the same is corroborated by the report of
National Council for Cement and Building Material in December'03. The report suggests the use of
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 19
spent catalyst as a replacement of fly ash used as raw material in Cement Production. Accordingly a
trial was carried out at M/s Kalyanpur Cement Limited, Banjari with 50 MT of spent catalyst in JanFeb'07. Based on the encouraging results disposal of spent catalyst by means of regular supply to M/s
KCL, Banjari through bulk trucks is being pursued. In addition, Ambuja Cement Ltd., Darlaghat, HP,
which is currently taking similar catalyst from Panipat Rerfinery, has also agreed to take the spent
catalyst ex BR. The modalities & transportation arrangements are being worked out. In the meantime,
the catalyst will continue to be disposed off in the concrete lined pits.
Other Solid Wastes
The biological sludge from the sludge drying bed is being used as manure by the refinery in their
township and the ECO Park etc.
The metallic wastes or the scraps are auctioned. There will not be any additional solid waste
generation due to the new projects except tank bottom sludge in due course of tank M & I.
Disulphide in the oil
The caustic used in treatement of LPG (removal of Mercaptans and residual H2S) for meeting the
quality specifications is regenerated by using oxygen. In the regeneration phase of the spent caustic,
Na2S and Sodium Mercaptide (NaSR) after reacting with oxygen in presence of catalyst get converted
to Sodium Thiosulphate and disufide oil.
At present, the small quantity of disulfide oil generated in the LPG treating unit of RFCCU is washed
off with naphtha and mixed in the RFCCU gasoline stream which finally goes into BS-II MS pool. The
marginally increased quantity of disulfide oil post commissioning of LPG treatment Unit in
November'07 will continue to go in BS-II MS pool via RFCCU gasoline stream.
The disulfide oil post HS crude Maximisation project will be treated in MSQ Unit. Therein the sufur
from the disulfide oil will be removed by means of Hydrotreating and the Hydrofinished oil will be
routed to Euro-III MS pool. Hence, there will be no impact of the disulfide oil on the environment.
2.9
STACK EMISSIONS
Presently, there are 15 stacks. There will be another 7 new stacks after the installation of the
proposed projects. Major pollutant, emitted is sulphur dioxide (SO2). Other emissions are negligible.
The total SO2 load after the installation of the proposed projects will be 1035 kg/hr.
2.10
PROJECT COMMISSIONING SCHEDULE

The expected date of the commissioning of the proposed project is Dec2009.
2.11
EMPLOYMENT
There is marginal permanent employment generated by the project but during construction and
erection there will be a large number of skilled and unskilled manpower requirement for the project. An
additional 5-10 persons will be permanently employed in the proposed project.
Indian
Oil
2.12

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 20
COST
The total cost of the project will be around Rs 1550.24 Crores.
The Estimated Break-up is as under:
MS Quality Upgradation Project
HSD Quality Upgradation Project
HS Crude Maximization Project
Rs 676.84 Crores
Rs 83.4 Crores
Rs 790.0 Crores
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 21
TABLE - 2.1
PLANT CAPACITY
Plant Unit
Capacit
(MMTPA)
Existing Unit
1. Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation Unit (AVU-I)
2. Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation Unit (AVU-II)
3. Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation Unit (AVU-III)
4. Delayed Coking Unit-A (DCU)
5. Delayed Coking Unit-B (DCU)
6. LPG Recovery Unit (LRU)
7. Catalytic Reformer Unit (CRU):
a) Naphtha Splitter Unit (NSU)
b) Naphtha Hydro-Treating Unit (NHTU)
c) Catalytic Reforming Unit (CRU)
8. Residue Fluidised Catalytic Cracking Unit (RFCCU)
9. Diesel Hydrotreating Unit (DHDT)
1.75
1.75
2.5
0.6
0.5
0.185
0.3
0.54
0.30
0.30
1.3
2.2
0.0266
Proposed Units
Under MS Quality upgradation project
1. Naphtha Splitter Unit (NSU)*
2. Catalytic Reformer Unit (CRU)**
6. Selective Hydro-treating & Splitter (SHU)
7. Hydro-desulphurisation Unit (HDS)
0.456
0.3
0.275
0.297
0.126
0.322
0.227
0.020
0.19
Under HSD Quality upgradation project

1. Diesel Hydro-treating Unit (DHTU) ***
2.2
Under High Sulphur Crude Maximisation project

1. Delayed Coker Unit (Coker-A)*
0.5
2. Residue Fluidised Catalytic Cracking Unit (RFCCU)*
1.4
0.1
0.06
5. Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU) (2 X 60 TPD)
0.034
*
Existing Units, to be revamped
** Existing Unit, to be revamped with addition of one new reformer reactor by replacing one existing
reformer reactor.
*** Existing Unit revamped with one additional reactor.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C2 - 22
TABLE-2.2
PRODUCT PATTERN AT 6.0 MMTPA CAPACITY & MS / HSD QUALITY UPGRADATION
Product
Present Opration
000 Tonnes/year
(At 6.0 MMTPA)
LPG
Naphtha
Motor Spirit
297
235
660 (BS-II)
After MS/HSD Quality

upgradation, 000Tonnes/year
(At 6.0 MMTPA)
385
182
650 (BS-III)
% on Crude
Light Distillates
1192
1217
ATF
SKO/MTO
HSD
0
996
2993 (BS-II)
60
660
3051 (BS-III)
Middle Distillates
3989
3771
LDO
LSHS
CBFS
LS-RPC
HS-RPC
Bitumen
Sulphur
24
22
24
0
152
0
16
0
0
0
61
143
96
61
Heavy Ends
238
361
6.02
Fuel & Loss
581
651
10.85
Total
6000
6000
100.0
20.28
62.85
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.1 - 1
CHAPTER-3
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO
3.1
STUDY AREA AND GENERAL ENVIRONMENT
3.1.1
PLANT LOCATION
Barauni Refinery (BR) is located in Development Block Barauni of District Begusarai of the State of
Bihar (Figure 3.1.1), about 8 kms. Away from the Northern or left bank of Ganges. From Patna,
the state capital, BR is about 125 km due east. The latitude and longitude at the Refinery site is
25o26' N and 86o04' E respectively. The district head quarters town of Begusarai is about 6 km to
the East and the Refinery Township is just adjacent to Begusarai, thus being about 5 km from the
Refinery. The block head quarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW.
3.1.2
COVERAGE OF STUDY AREA

The requirements of MOEF (Ministry of Environment & Forest) would imply the study area to be a
circle of 10 kms radius with the refinery as the centre. The study area indicating BR is shown in
Figure- 3.1.2.
3.1.3
TOPOGRAPHY, LAND-FORMS AND SOILS

The region surrounding BR is extremely plain and the variation in ground levels is mainly seen only
on approaching the "diaras" between 40 and 44 m above MSL. The highest ground levels in the
study area however exceed 48 m above MSL. However with recent developmental works, there has
been a lot of disturbance of the topography through construction of embankments for roads, railway
lines, flood control and filling up of land for various structures. Structurally the study area is a part of
the flat alluvial plain between the river Ganga and the Burhi Gandak and built by them. According to
the District Gazette of Munghyr, till a few centuries back, the course of river Ganga in this reach was
about 10 kms to the north of the present one when at least half of study area would have been riverbed. The northern parts of the study area are level upland tracts while the southern half is the
Gangetic riverain, where land was being constantly formed or washed away by the swift silt laden
current. During recent years, human activities and embankments and structures built, at least
apparently, stabilized the situations in this southern half. Even historically, this area had not been
seriously floor-ravaged like some other areas of North Bihar including the Khagaria low lying tracts
not far to the North and North-East. Soils in the study area are essentially sandy alluvium, but the
particle size gradient varies considerably.
3.1.4
CLIMATE
The climate in the area is variable. From the angle of human comfort, the best seasons are during
October- November and February-March. During April to May the weather changes and becomes
hot while June to September experiences frequent rains. Weather becomes cold during DecemberJanuary.
3.0 Baseline Environmental Scenario

3.1 Study Area And General Environment
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.1 - 2
The annual rainfall received in the area is about 1,110 mm. Of this, about 85% rainfall takes place
during the months June to September. Temperature varies from a mean minimum of 11oC in
January during winter to a mean maximum of 39oC in May during summer.
Relative humidity is high, mean monthly RH being in the range of 43-83% for most part of the year.
Wind for most of the period blows either from NE-E-SE sector (during summer and monsoon) or
from SW-W-NW sector (during post monsoon and winter). The average wind speed is about 6.8
km/hr.
The nearest Indian Meteorological Dept (IMD) stations from Barauni Refinery are at Patna and
Bhagalpur. Patna is about 125 km West of Barauni and Bhagalpur is about 150 km East of Barauni.
The latitudes and altitudes for both these are very close to those for Barauni.
3.1.5
WATER RESOURCES AND DRAINAGE

With the mighty Ganga forming its Southern boundary, the Ganga flood-plains (or "diaras")
constituting at least 25% of the geographical area and a reasonable annual rainfall averaging over
1110 mm, the area is not subject to water scarcity. In fact sub-surface water in the alluvial strata is
so copious that no thought has had to be given to collection, storage and transport of surface water
for any beneficial uses, whether irrigation, industrial, municipal or anything else. Ground water table
in the study area varies from 1-5 m below GL in monsoons to 3-10 m below GL in peak summers.
Drainage wise, the entire study area drains to the Ganga through a number of drains. Due to the
embankments built for flood protection, often drainage channels have to flow parallel to the river
course in a south-easterly direction before they can empty into the river.
3.1.6
VEGETATION AND CROPS

The sandy alluvial soils of the study area favour wheat, maize, millets, oilseeds and pulses besides
a variety of vegetables and fruits. The area, particularly Northern upland tracts has had prosperous
agriculture and fruit orchards for centuries. With a shift in the course of Ganga southwards and
building up of embankments, even the Southern "Diara" lands grow rich wheat, maize, oilseeds and
padwal and other vegetables.
The area appears to have been rich in agriculture since long, as seen from the District Gazetteer of
Monghyr. Till mid-nineteenth century, opium poppy seems to have been an important cash crop.
Indigo cultivation and processing was also important activity till indigo was pushed out by synthetic
dyes in early twentieth century. Today grains, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables themselves serve as
cash crops.
3.1.7
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND INDUSTRIALISATION

Having seen the prosperity and glory of the earlier periods of Mahabharata, Gautam Buddha,
Ashoka, Gupta dynasty and few following centuries, when the words Vaishali or Champaran were
synonymous with wealth, well being and culture, the area had also seen the dark ages during the
thousand years or more before independence finally arrived in 1947. At the time of independence,
this area, as part of North Bihar, was one of the most backward, most troubled and least cared - for

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.1 - 3
areas, troubled by floods, droughts, earthquakes, etc., barely surviving on its agriculture. And yet,
the area had played very significant roles in India's Independence Movement. So after
Independence, our great leaders turned their attention to the problems of North Bihar almost in
gratitude and in compassion. It is then, during the fifties, that the Mokamah Bridge (Rajendra Setu)
the broad-gauge railway line, the flood- control and irrigation works, the major industrial complex at
Barauni were all planned. The projects came to the Barauni-Begusarai area and provided a real
economic Breakthrough. Today the study area can be called the "industrial-hub" of North Bihar
without any doubt or controversy. The Barauni Thermal Power Plant of Bihar Govt State Electricity
Board became operational in 1962; the Refinery was commissioned in 1964; and the Fertilizer Plant
of HFC went on stream in 1971. The development of communications and the setting up of the 3
above named major units in the public sector encouraged the setting up of several down stream and
ancilliary units and even independent small - scale industries. Keeping in view that the development
started very late, the pace cannot be called too slow particularly in view of the background
conditions.
3.1.8
SENSITIVE AREAS
No forests or wild life sanctuaries are found within the study area. There exists no
protected/important historical or archaeological monument either. Neither hilly/ mountainous areas,
nor defense installations/ airports are located within this area.
3.1.9
PLACE OF HISTORICAL AND TOURIST IMPORTANCE

Historical, archaeological, aesthetic and tourist spots are the important parts of the socio-economic
aspects. As the study of these aspects becomes essential part of socio-economic environment,
description of places of religious, historical archaeological, aesthetic and tourist interest have been
given below:
Barauni
Barauni is an important town in the study area. The locality has fast grown into a vital industrial
pocket. It has a railway junction which links Bihar with Assam and West Bengal. The place is not
without a historical interest. Several old images have been found at Barauni include one Surya
image of remarkable craftsmanship. This Surya image is preserved at G.D College, Begusarai. The
image is highly ornamented and holding full-blown lotus. The image is wearing a sacred thread too.
The legs are booted and naturally the foreign influence is perceptible. Various items in the structure
of the image weigh more in favour of its being placed in between the Gupta and the Pala periods. It
has also been reported that there are some Brahmin families who possess manuscripts of "BhriguSanhita" - at Barauni, and do a lucrative business by reading horoscopes with the help of the copies
of Bhrigu-Sanhita.
Jaimangalgarh
It is site of historical and archaeological importance, though it does not fall under the study area.
Jaimangalgarh is situated 16 kms north of Begusarai. Ancient images of Barah, Nadri Narayan,
Shiva and Parvati located in the temple are worth seeing. The temple attracts a large number of
worshipers on certain days of the year.

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.1 - 4
Kabartal
It is a large lake in the Northern part of Begusarai district near Cheria Bariarpur. It covers an area of
about 22 sq kms. It used to attract hunters. It is swarmed with fish and is an important source of
supply. There is an island in the lake known as `Monkey Island', from the number of monkeys which
frequent it. The island is a sacred spot. Kabar is an ox- bow lake and recently it has been declared
as international wet land. "Kabartal" is the only Beauty spot in Begusarai district.
Birpur
It is a village in Barauni block; it is situated on the Northern bank of the river Balan, 10 kms away
from Begusarai. Ancient stone images of lord Vishnu and other dieties were discovered in the bed of
an old tank in 1959. Believed to date back to the Gupta period, these are fine specimens of exquisite
craftsmanship.
Semaria
It is a village, fast growing due to industrial activities, on the Northern bank of Ganges opposite
Mokama. Huge congregations of devotees assemble here for bathing in the Ganges on "Kartik" and
"Magh Purnima" days when large fairs are held.

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.2 - 1
3 .2
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
3.2.1
BASIC APPROACH
The project, in this case, is the installation of facilities for improvement of HSD and MS Quality along
with the High Sulphur Maximisation Project at Barauni Refinery of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL)
located in Begusarai district of Bihar.
The primary objective of an EIA Study includes determination of the present environmental scenario,
study of the specific activities related to the project and evaluation of the probable environmental
impacts due to these specific activities, thus, leading to the recommendations of necessary
environmental control measures. An EIA Study, thus, necessarily includes collecting detailed
information on the existing environmental scenario or 'baseline data' and establishing related data of
the proposed activity i.e., 'project data' or 'plant data'. The project data are then superimposed on the
baseline data and the resultant environmental conditions are predicted with the help of effective
predictive tools. The EIA is, thus, a comprehensive study on environmental impacts due to a project
and also a tool to assess and mitigate the detrimental impacts on the environment due to construction
and operation of the project.
The EIA is aimed at determining the environmental impacts on the study area of the project, which
encompasses all areas falling within a radius of 10 km. around the project site, due to the construction
and the operation of the project.
The major environmental disciplines studied in this EIA Report include soils, landuse, surface and
ground water, hydrology, water use, meteorology, surface and ground water quality, air quality, noise,
terrestrial and aquatic ecology, demography and socioeconomic (Please refer Chapter 1 for the
finalized TOR by MoEF).
The EIA Report presented here consists of field data, generated for soils, meteorology, water quality,
air quality, noise, ecology, socioeconomics, etc. during three (three) months period (20th March,
2007 19th June, 2007), representing summer season. Relevant data collected from various agencies
on the above disciplines are also included in the Report.
The report also includes an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), proposed pollution control and
safety measures, solid wastes management, critical areas, other recommended mitigatory measures,
post study monitoring programme, details of environmental management cell etc.
An on-site Disaster Management Plan (DMP) based on the Risk Assessment, inclusive of possibilities
of disasters/ accidents, designated persons and teams and their responsibilities, identified emergency
control centres and assembly points and other facilities to combat the emergencies is also included in
this report.

3.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.2 - 2
3.2.2 ESTABLISHING BASELINE SCENARIO

3.2.2.1 Soils and Land Use
Soil samples are collected from 5 (five) locations within the study area once during the month of May,
2007. The samples are analysed for relevant physical and chemical parameters for establishing the
baseline data. For sampling and analysis of soils, IS:2720 is followed, in general.
Landuse patterns (settlements, huts, flood zone, orchards, water bodies) are established with the
application of Geographical Information System.using satellite imageries.
3.2.2.2 Meteorology
Meteorological data for such parameters as temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure,
rainfall, cloud cover, wind speed and wind direction spanning 1931-60 were collected from the IMD
station at Patna and Bhagalpur, located about 125 km west and 150 km east respectively from the
project site.
An onsite sophisticated meteorological observatory is set up within the project site (on the roof top of
the administrative building inside the Refinery Complex) which was operated for the period (20th
March, 2007 19th June, 2007) to supplement the above data. The parameters monitored on a
daily/hourly basis at this observatory include temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure,
wind speed, wind direction and rainfall.
3.2.2.3 Water Quality
A total of 8 stations, 2 stations on river Ganga, 6 stations for ground water quality for the determination
of the water quality, are set up within the study area for obtaining data on water quality parameters. As
river Ganga is the recipient of the treated plant effluent, its water quality is monitored at upstream as
well as the downstream of the effluent discharge point to assess the impacts.
Normally, the final treated effluent generated in the refinery is recycled back to the refinery for various
end uses and not discharged to the river Ganga except occasionally, in the monsoon season.
Samples are collected at a frequency of once in a month during the three months of March07, April07
& May07 from all the stations and analysed for physical and chemical parameters as well as trace
inorganics and heavy metals for drawing up the baseline data. Parameter selection, sampling and
analysis of water samples are conducted as per established Standard Methods.
3.2.2.4 Air Quality
Ambient air quality monitoring are conducted at 8 appropriate locations within the study area at a
frequency of twice a week over three months period (20th March, 2007 19th June, 2007) to
establish the background data on air quality. Twenty four-hour continuous monitoring is conducted at
each station. The parameters monitored include SPM, RPM, SO2 & NOx. The air quality stations are
located based on modelling exercise to locate the stations as close as possible to the maximum
deposition areas of air pollutants.

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.2 - 3
The equipment are placed at a height of 3 to 4.5 m above ground level to exclude the effect of wind
blown ground dust. To avoid any impedence to the pollutants, the equipment are placed in such a
manner that it is free from vertical obstructions within a cone of 120o from the position of the
equipment. Monitoring is conducted using High Volume Respirable Dust Samplers fitted with Gaseous
Sampling Impingers. For sampling and analysis of the above parameters, IS:5182 are followed in
general.
3.2.2.5 Noise
The ambient noise scenario within the study area are monitored once during the study period at
several locations covering industrial, commercial, residential and sensitive areas using a suitable
sound level meter. The monitoring is conducted over a 24-hour period to monitor instantaneous sound
pressure levels (SPL) at uniform interval of 1 hour. The equivalent continuous sound pressure level
(Leq) during day and nighttime are then computed to compare with the standards.
3.2.2.6 Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
The baseline data on terrestrial and aquatic ecology are derived from existing literature of Botanical
Survey of India, Zoological Survey of India and on past studies conducted in the area by various other
organisations and corroborated through extensive field studies.
3.2.2.7 Demography and Socioeconomics
Relevant data are compiled from the Primary Census Abstract (PCA) data of the Begusarai and Patna
districts of Bihar, for obtaining the demographic and socioeconomic features and trends prevalent in
the study area. The features which are analysed are population, household, population density, family
size, sex ratio, SC-ST population, literacy rate, work participation rate and its distribution, work
participation rate among females, industrial scenario etc.
The census data have been supplemented and corroborated by a socio economic sample survey
within the study area conducted in 2007 through structured questionnaires portraying demographic
and socio economic aspects of the study area population.
3.2.3
ESTABLISHING PROJECT DATA

The project data consisting of the general layout and process description of the plant; its capacity and
commissioning schedule; process flow paths; source, requirement and characteristics of fuels;
source, requirement and characteristics of raw materials; sources of power, storage details of raw
materials, products and other chemicals, material handling systems, quantity, nature and disposal of
solid wastes, plant water use and water balance diagram, details of liquid wastes and its treatment
facilities, particulars of atmospheric emissions, sources of noise and their levels, and other inherent
details are established in consultation with the officials of the Project Authority.
3.2.4
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Impacts on soils and ground water regime of the area which would primarily result due to the solid
waste disposal are studied through the data generated on soil characteristics.

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.2 - 4
Impacts on the surface water quality of the receiving water bodies due to receipt of the plant effluents
are studied. The possibility of groundwater contamination due to the leachate from solid waste
dumping areas has been explored.
Impacts on the ambient air quality of the area due to the project that would mainly arise becouse of
stack emissions have been carefully quantified through mathematical modelling. Air quality modelling
has been conducted based on Gaussian distribution model as spelt out in the latest CPCB guidelines
(PROBES/70/1997-98).
Consequential impacts of the resultant air and water quality and landuse pattern on the terrestrial and
aquatic flora and fauna are studied with reference to past knowledge and data on authentic research
and literature.
Impacts on demographic and socioeconomic environment are drawn from the extensive data collected
on employment potential, migration scenario etc.
3.2.5
POLLUTANTS GENERATION AND MITIGATORY MEASURES

A comprehensive plan is prepared, covering sources of pollution, proposed pollution control system /
measures, solid waste handling, utilisation, disposal and management, compensatory afforestation
programme, green belt development plan, periphery development plan, critical areas of impacts,
recommendation for additional mitigatory / remedial / control / safety measures etc. Proposed
institutional setup for environmental management, and post study monitoring including parameters,
locations and frequency of monitoring and their implementation programme are also detailed therein.

Indian
Oil
3.3

at Barauni Refinery
C3.3 - 1
LAND USE AND LAND COVER

Land use pattern of an area plays an important role in conducting Environmental Impact Assessment
of a project. The land use pattern within the study area of the refinery has been assessed with the
application of Geographic Information System.
Geographic Information System or GIS offers a variety of analysis and modelling tools for dealing with
many of the complex decisions. A GIS, as a decision support system, in this context, is a computer
software technology that combines attribute data as well as spatial data - vector, raster, CAD, and TIN
with statistical analysis to evolve a variety of scenarios for interpretation, comprehension, exploration
and development.
3.3.1
METHODOLOGY
The inputs for the study included four paper maps and LISS III multi spectral digital data.
GIS routines, performed for the study, included scanning of paper maps of the area, importing the
scanned maps into the GIS software, geo referencing the imported scanned maps, removing the
residual errors, spatial data editing, creating the attribute databases, attaching the databases with one
another and the spatial data.
The GIS routines, performed, also included importing and geo referencing digital data, creating a
mosaic of the four geo referenced scanned maps, creating a subset of the mosaic to match the
extents of the extract of the digital data, defining the study area, and application of numerous image
processing techniques on the digital data.
3.3.2
RESULTS OF THE STUDY

Four layouts have been created, comprising relevant information derived from numerous secondary
sources, and the outputs of numerous image analysis techniques applied on the digital data. Briefly,
the layouts are described as under:
Layout 1: Display of RGB after application of De-correlation Stretch. The increase saturation
helps distinguish different features and conditions (shades of green, orange, red, brown, and
lavender) (Figure-3.3.1).
Layout 2: Display of 3/2 ratio image for the study area with auto normalized contrast
enhancement. A band ratio image emphasizes the inherent properties of the surface
materials. In a grayscale display of a ratio image, the darkest and lightest tones identify areas
with the greatest difference in reflectance for the two spectral bands. Areas with similar
reflectance appear in intermediate gray tones (Figure-3.3.2).
Layout 3: Display of an image created via supervised classification carried out on the basis of
the information available from the physical surveys carried out between 1975 and 1984 and
the general comprehension of the available ground truth information (Figure-3.3.3).
Layout 4: Display of the land use within the study areas based on the information available
from the physical surveys carried out between 1975 and 1984 and the general comprehension
of ground truth information (Figure-3.3.4).

3.3 Land use and Land cover
Indian
Oil
3.3.3

at Barauni Refinery
C3.3 - 2
DISCUSSIONS
An analysis of the land use within the study area (Figures 3.3.3 & 3.3.4) indicates a decline of 23.94%
in the flood prone areas, and the areas under (orchards) horticulture and agriculture. The study
indicates a growth of 66.56% in the area under settlements (towns, villages) and hutments. More
specifically, the study indicates a decline of 4.17% in flood prone areas, and a decline of 38.89% in
(orchards) horticulture and agriculture. The study indicates a growth of 35.42% in the area under
hutments and a growth of 137.09% in the area under settlements (towns and villages).
The changes in the land use seem to be the effects of sedimentation in flood prone areas and the
growth of population around the establishments that constitute the backward and forward linkages to
Barauni Refinery and the Refinery itself. The study as such may help application of appropriate land
use controls to ensure an environmentally suitable and sustainable existence of the refinery and its
hinterland.

3.3 Land use and Land cover
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.4 - 1
3.4
SOILS
3.4.1
FIELD STUDY, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

To examine the impacts of industrial/urban activities on the soils in the area, the physico-chemical
characteristics of soils within the study area have been analysed by obtaining soil samples from
selected points. Five sampling stations were selected for studying soil characteristics, the locations of
which are depicted in Figure-3.4.1. Stations are well spread over the study area which would accord
an overall idea of the soil characteristics within the study area.
A number of parameters were determined which were indicative of physical, chemical and fertility
characteristics. The physico-chemical characteristics of the soils in the study area, as obtained from
the analysis of the soil samples, collected once during May 2007 are presented in Table-3.4.1.
3.4.2 SOILS CHARACTERISTICS

3.4.2.1 Physical Characteristics
The soils of all the locations shall be classified as silty or clay loam categories.
It is observed that all the locations have more or less the same bulk density in the 1.16 - 1.26 g/cm
range. Porosity was found to vary in the range of 49.65 61.32 %.
3.4.2.2 Chemical Characteristics

The soils were observed to be slightly alkaline (pH range 8.21 8.70). This is probably due to excess
of oxides and hydroxides of basic metals, particularly calcium and magnesium.
It is observed that the concentrations of Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and Potassium are found to
vary in the ranges of 167.5 276.3 mg/100 g, 49.4 66.3 mg/100 g, 0.98 2.66 ppm and 0.87 3.12
ppm respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) is moderate, varying between 189 - 253 micromhos/cm.
3.4.3
FERTILITY STATUS OF SOILS

The soils in the study area are slightly alkaline. The observed level of pH (range 8.21 8.70) is not
expected to hinder the growth of agricultural crops. Further, the soils are observed to possess
reasonable amount of Nitrate (67.54 78.65 ppm), Phosphate (1.15 2.45 ppm) and Potassium (0.87
3.12 ppm), which indicate moderate to good fertility or agricultural potential of the soils. The levels of
other elements are appreciably good.
Thus, the overall fertility status of the soils within the study area is reasonably good and is not
expected to be detrimental to the growth of agricultural and forest crops.

3.4 Soils
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.4 - 2
TABLE - 3.4.1
PHYSICO - CHEMICAL CHARACTERESTICS OF SOIL IN THE STUDY AREA
(Period: May,2007)
S.N.
PARAMETER & UNIT
LOC -1
PHYSICAL CHARACTERESTICS
Clay
1
Texture
Loam
LOC - 2
LOC - 3
LOC - 4
LOC - 5
Clay
loam
Clay
Loam
Clay
Loam
Clay
Loam
Bulk Density (g/cm3)
1.21
1.26
1.22
1.16
1.19
Porosity (%)
Water Holding Capacity
(%)
57.61
49.65
54.31
61.32
56.21
21.23
19.76
22.31
18.94
20.65
CHEMICAL CHARACTERESTICS
1
pH
8.31
8.45
8.21
8.55
8.7
Conductivity
234
189
217
253
197
Calcium ( mg/100g)
167.5
221.6
276.3
219.4
229.7
Magnesium ( mg/100 g)
49.4
51.5
66.3
59.1
55.8
Sodium (ppm)
2.66
1.84
0.98
1.45
2.12
Potassium (ppm)
2.86
3.12
2.53
0.87
1.54
Nitrate (ppm)
77.61
67.54
71.42
78.65
69.34
Phosphate (ppm)
2.45
1.79
1.66
1.2
1.15
LOCATIONS:
Loc-1
Govindpur
Loc-2
Bihat
Loc-3
Pipradewas
Loc-4
Ladaura
Loc-5
Pachama

3.4 Soils
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.5 - 1
3.5
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
3.5.1
MONITORING STATIONS
Eight sampling stations were set up for the monitoring of the ambient air quality within the study area.
The locations of the monitoring stations were based on the preliminary results of the air quality
dispersion model in order to site the stations as close as feasible to the anticipated maximum pollutant
deposition areas. The emission sources of the proposed plant were also given due cognizance while
carrying out the modeling exercise. Logistic considerations as ready accessibility, security, the
availability of the reliable power supply etc. were examined while finalizing the locations of such stations.
As such, station AQ01 is located within the Refinery Complex. Station AQ02 is located about 1.8 km.
East-Southeast of the centre of the project site at Govindpur village while AQ03 is located about 3.0 km
in the North East direction at Ladaura. Stations AQ04 and AQ05 are located about 2.6 and 4.8 km in the
North West and West South West directions at villages Papraur and Bihat respectively. Station AQ06 is
located at Mahana at about 2.4 km distance in the South West direction. Station AQ07 is located at
Maharatpur which is about 3.5 Kms in the East North East direction. Station AQ08 is located at Refinery
Township about 5.5 Kms in the East South East direction. The locations of the monitoring stations are
depicted in Figure-3.5.1. The direction and the distances of the monitoring stations with respect to the
Refinery Complex are summed up in Table-3.5.1.
3.5.2
PARAMETERS, FREQUENCY AND MONITORING METHODOLOGY

Monitoring was conducted in respect of the following parameters:
-
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
The equipment were placed at a height of 3 to 4.5 metres above ground level at each monitoring station,
thus negating the effects of wind blown ground dust and free from vertical obstructions within a cone of
120o from the actual position of the sampler, to avoid any impedance to the pollutants.
Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted during three months study period (20th March, 2007 - 19th
June, 2007) at a frequency of twice in a week at each station adopting a continuous 24-hours schedule.
3.5.3
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

The Minimum, Maximum, Arithmetic Mean (AM) values for each parameter are shown in Table-3.5.2.
The statistical analyses for the parameters SPM, RPM, SO2 & NOx for the entire study period have been
represented as Figures 3.5.2 to Figures 3.5.5.
3.5.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY SCENARIO

3.5.4.1 Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
The 24-hourly average arithmetic mean values of SPM vary between 191.5 g/m3 (at Refinery
Complex) and 236.8 g/m3 (at Papraur) with overall mean of the 8 stations being 217.13g/m3.
3.5 Ambient Air Quality
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.5 - 2
3.5.4.2 Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)

The 24-hourly average arithmetic mean values of RPM vary between 56.9 g/m3 (at Refinery complex)
and 67.1 g/m3 (at Ladaura). The overall mean for the 8 stations is 67.7 g/m3.
3.5.4.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
The overall mean of 24-hourly average arithmetic mean values of SO2 over the study area is derived to
be 10.1 g/m3 with stationwise variation between 8.66 g/m3 (at Refinery Township) and 11.61 g/m3
(at Mahana).
3.5.4.4 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
The overall mean of 24-hourly average arithmetic mean values of NOx over the entire area is 32.3
g/m3 while individual mean NOx levels computed at the 8 stations range between 28.6 g/m3 (at
Refinery Complex) and 34.7 g/m3 (at Bihat).
TABLE 3.5.1
DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS
S.N.
CODE
LOCATION
AQ-01
Refinery Complex
2.
AQ-02
Govindpur
ESE
1.8
3..
AQ-03
Ladaura
NE
3.0
4.
AQ-04
Papraur
NW
2.6
5.
AQ-05
Bihat
WSW
4.8
6.
AQ-06
Mahana
SW
2.4
AQ-07
Maharatpur
ENE
3.5
8.
AQ-08
Refinery Township
ESE
5.5

DIRECTION
W.R.T.
REFINERY
-
DISTANCE
FROM
REFINERY
(KMS.)
-
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.5 - 3
TABLE 3.5.2
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF POLLUTANTS
(PERIOD: 20th MARCH, 2007 19th JUNE,2007)
POLLUTANT
SPM
( g/m3)
RPM
( g/m3)
SO2
( g/m3)
LOCATION
Refinery
Govindpur
Ladaura
Papraur
Bihat
Mahna
Maharatpur
RTS
OVERALL
Refinery
Govindpur
Ladaura
Papraur
Bihat
Mahna
Maharatpur
RTS
OVERALL
Refinery
Govindpur
Ladaura
Papraur
Bihat
Mahna
Maharatpur
RTS
OVERALL

MES
26
26
25
26
26
26
25
26
206
26
26
25
26
26
26
25
26
206
26
26
25
26
26
26
25
26
206
MIN.
98
169
105
115
156
107
113
109
98
19
49
20
24
48
21
20
17
17
4.5
8.8
4.2
4.2
7.2
4.3
4.5
4.2
4.2
MAX
287
324
371
352
327
349
301
289
371
102
89
110
115
87
112
110
105
115
13.5
17.1
16.8
17.3
14.8
17.2
13.3
12.5
17.3
A.M.
191.5
229.5
219.4
236.8
233.4
214.5
201.8
210.1
217.13
56.9
64.38
67.08
64.81
65.98
63.19
62.48
58.31
63.7
8.82
11.56
9.64
10.96
10.69
11.61
9.04
8.66
10.1
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
POLLUTANT
NOx
( g/m3)
LOCATION
Refinery
Govindpur
Ladaura
Papraur
Bihat
Mahna
Maharatpur
RTS
OVERALL
MES
26
26
25
26
26
26
25
26
206
MIN.
17
28
16
16
18
16
21
16
16
MAX
43
44
47
44
43
44
42
39
47
C3.5 - 4
A.M.
30.1
34.65
33.6
32.85
33.62
32
32.76
28.63
32.3
Note : MIN: Minimum, MAX: Maximum, A.M. - Arithmetic Mean.

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.5 - 5
Figure - 3.5.2
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SPM
( 20th MARCH 2007 - 19th JUNE 2007 )
400
POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Refinery
Govindpur
Ladaura
Papraur
Bihat
Mahna
Maharatpur
RTS
LOCATIONS
MIN.
MAX
A.M.
Figure - 3.5.3
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RPM
( 20th MARCH 2007 - 19th JUNE 2007 )
140
Pollutants Concentrations
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Refinery
Govindpur
Ladaura
Papraur
Bihat
LOCATIONS
MIN.
MAX.

Mahna
Maharatpur
RTS
AM.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.5 - 6
Figure- 3.5.4
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SO2
( 20th MARCH 2007 - 19th JUNE 2007 )
20
18
POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Refinery
Govindpur
Ladaura
Papraur
MIN.
Bihat
MAX
Mahna
Maharatpur
RTS
A.M.
Figure- 3.5.5
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF NOx
( 20th MARCH 2007 - 19th JUNE 2007 )
50
45
POLLUTION CONCENTRATION
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Refinery
Govindpur
Ladaura
Papraur
MIN.

Bihat
MAX
Mahna
Maharatpur
RTS
A.M.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 1
3.6
METEOROLOGY
3.6.1
SEASONS
The climate of the project area is humid and tropical. It is characterised by a hot and dry summer
from March to May, a south-west monsoon or rainy season from June to September, a pleasant
post monsoon from October to November and a cold winter from December to February.
Therefore, climatologically, four seasons viz. summer (pre-monsoon), monsoon, post-monsoon
and winter could be deciphered comprising the following months:
Summer (Premonsoon)
Monsoon
Postmonsoon
Winter
:
:
:
:
March, April, May

June, July, August, September
October, November
December, January, February.
3.6.2
3.6.2.1
PAST RECORDS
Data Collected
The nearest existing meteorological station maintained by India Meteorological Department (IMD)
is situated at Patna, located about 125 km West of the project site and hence deemed
representative for the study area. The station is observed to be well manned and equipped with
thermometer, barometer, raingauge and wind monitor. Another IMD observatory is located at
Bhagalpur, about 150 km East of the project site. Therefore, it may be presumed that the climate
of the site will be in between of Patna and Bhagalpur. Therefore available past records are
obtained from these two IMD stations regarding such meteorological features and summarised in
Tables-3.6.1 to 3.6.6.
3.6.2.2
Temperature
Maximum temperatures at Patna (Table-3.6.1) are recorded during May (mean maximum 38.9oC)
while minimum temperatures occurred during January (mean minimum 11.0oC).
The average mean maximum temperature during summer (pre-monsoon) is 36.5oC and average
mean minimum temperature during winter is 12.0oC.
Similarly, maximum temperatures at Bhagalpur (Table- 3.6.2) are recorded during May (mean
maximum 38.3oC) while minimum temperatures occurred during January (mean minimum 11.8oC).
The average mean maximum temperature during summer (pre-monsoon) is 35.9oC and average
mean minimum temperature during winter is 13oC.
3.6.2.3
Relative Humidity
Humidity at Patna as usual is moderate to high, the annual mean being 66% at 0830 IST and 53%
at 1730 IST (Table-3.6.1). Humidity is high during the monsoon months, particularly July to
September (range 80-83% in the morning and 75-78% in the evening), comparatively lower during
the post monsoon and winter months (range 62-71% in the morning and 43-62% in the evening)
and low during the dry summer months (range 45-56% in the morning and 24-36% in the
evening). As usual, humidity is higher during morning hours compared to evening hours for all the
months.

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 2
Humidity is high at Bhagalpur (Table-3.6.2) during the monsoon months, particularly July to
September and ranges between 82-84% in the morning and between 74-80% in the evening.
Humidity is moderate during the winter and post monsoon months including June, particularly
October to January when it ranges between 68-76% in the morning and between 61-75% in the
evening. Humidity is low during dry summer months, being between 47-60% in the morning and
between 31-43% in the evening. As usual, humidity at 1730 IST is less than that at 0830 IST
throughout the year.
3.6.2.4
Atmospheric Pressure
As regards seasonal variation, it has been observed that barometric pressure at Patna is lowest in
June and highest in December, the lowest and the highest values recorded being 991.7 mb and
1009.8 mb (Table-3.6.1).
Similarly, the corresponding barometric pressure is lowest in June and highest in December, the
lowest and the highest values recorded being 992.6 mb and 1010.6 mb (Table-3.6.2).
Pressures at both the stations are very close, even in the seasonal variation, with slightly higher
pressure observed at Bhagalpur compared to Patna.
3.6.2.5
Rainfall
The average annual rainfall at Patna (Table-3.6.1) is about 1,110 mm. Rainfall peaks during
August (about 307 mm) followed by July (about 266 mm) with the four monsoon months (June to
September) contributing 86% (about 955 mm) of the total rainfall.
The average annual rainfall at Bhagalpur (Table-3.6.2) is about 1,143 mm being slightly higher
than at Patna. Rainfall peaks during July (about 253 mm) followed by August (about 251 mm) with
the four monsoon months (June to September) contributing 84% (about 957 mm) of the total
rainfall.
3.6.2.6
Wind Speed and Direction

It is observed that wind speeds at Patna (Table-3.6.1) are high throughout the year with very high
during the summer and monsoon months (between 6.7-9.8 km/hr) with maximum occurring during
May. Calm conditions are minimal throughout the year particularly during summer and monsoon.
Calm conditions are relatively higher during postmonsoon and winter months, particularly October
to December in evening hours. The annual mean wind speed is 6.8 km/hr and calm conditions are
11% at 0830 IST and 20% at 1730 IST.
From the distribution of wind direction at Patna (Table- 3.6.3 and 3.6.4), it could be observed that
during monsoon months of June to September, SE-E-NE are the most frequent corridors both at
morning and evening hours. However, during winter months, particularly November to March the
most frequent wind corridors are NW-W-SW.
It is observed that wind speeds at Bhagalpur (Table- 3.6.2) are higher during the summer and
monsoon months (between 6.0 - 10.4 km/hr) with maximum occurring during April, with calm
conditions being minimal. Correspondingly, calm conditions are higher during the postmonsoon

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 3
winter months of October to February. Annual mean wind speed is 6.5 km/hr and calm conditions
are 30% at 0830 IST and 22% at 1730 IST.
Distribution of wind direction at Bhagalpur (Tables- 3.6.5 and 3.6.6) shows that during the
monsoon months of June to September when wind speeds are high, the frequent corridors are
SE-E-NE. During the post monsoon and winter months, particularly November to February, wind
reverses itself with the NW-W-SW sectors being the principal directions. During summer (pre
monsoon) months of March and April, the principal directions are E, W and SE.
Though wind speeds at Bhagalpur in summer are slightly higher than those at Patna, Patna is
windier than Bhagalpur in other seasons, particularly monsoon and winter. The feature of Patna
being more windy than Bhagalpur is also reflected in the lower percentages of calm conditions at
Patna especially in the morning hours.
3.6.3
ON SITE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORY

In order to corroborate and supplement the long term meteorological data available from IMD
Patna and Bhagalpur, a sophisticated meteorological observatory was installed on the roof top of
the Administrative Building of BR. The observatory was located about 10 m above the ground
level and ensured to be free from any obstruction to wind. Besides, this location was found to be
most suitable one being close to the BR sources of emission. The meteorological instruments
were housed to monitor the following parameters on hourly / daily basis for the Three months
period (20th march,2007 19th june,2007) representing Summer (March, 2007, April, 2007, May,
2007 and June, 2007) .
a)
b)
c)
d)
Temperature
Relative Humidity
Barometric Pressure
Wind Speed and Direction.
Further, a monostatic SODAR was installed at the refinery township, about 5.5 Kms. away from
the refinery to collect the Mixing Height data. The location was selected with a view to generate
the proper and the representative data.
The summary of the on-site data generated in respect of the above parameters for the period
mentioned above is presented in Table-3.6.7.
The day-to-day detail data recorded at the on-site observatory for the three different months are
presented in Tables- 3.6.8 through 3.6.11.
The wind rose diagrams for the entire three monthsperiod are displayed as Figure- 3.6.1. The
monthly wind rose diagrams have been shown as figures 3.6.2 through 3.6.5.

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 4
3.6.4
3.6.4.1
ON-SITE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS

Temperature
The daily maximum and minimum temperatures recorded on-site during the aforesaid three
months monitoring period (20th march, 2007 19th June, 2007) varied between 46.9.0C and
16.5C respectively. March was the coldest month with the minimum temperature, i.e., 16.5C,
recorded on 22nd day of March, 2007.
3.6.4.2
Relative Humidity
The Relative Humidity for all the three months were found in the range of (42- 92.5) %. The
maximum relative humidity value was 92.5 %, recorded on 23rd day and 25th day of March, 2007.
The minimum value of 42 % was recorded on 10th day of April, 2007.
3.6.4.3
Atmospheric Pressure
There was little fluctuation in the Maximum Barometric Pressure values recorded for entire three
months period (20th March, 2007 19th June, 2007) (ranging between 752.5 to 758 mm Hg).
The maximum value of 758 mm Hg was recorded in the month of March, 2007, while the minimum
value of 752.5 mm Hg was recorded in the month of June, 2007.
3.6.4.4
Wind Speed and Direction

During the said monitoring period the monthly mean wind speed measured on-site varied between
5.14 Km/hr in March, 2007 and 8.38 Km/hr in June, 2007 (Table-3.6.7). The overall mean wind
speed during the study period was 7.05 km/hr.
The wind rose diagram (Figures-3.6.1) indicates that the most predominant wind direction for the
summer season was East North East, when calm periods accounted for 5.5%.

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 5
TABLE-3.6.1
Temperature, Rainfall, Wind Speed, Humidity and Pressure
at Patna IMD Station (1931-1960)
________________________________________________________________________
Month
Temperature (C)
Rain
Mean
Relative
Barometric
_________________
fall
Wind
Humidity
Pressure
Daily
Daily
(mm)
Speed
(%)
(mb)
Max
Min
(km/h)
______________________
0830 1730
0830
________________________________________________________________________
Jan
23.6
11.0
21.1
5.1
71
53
1009.8
Feb
26.3
13.4
20.2
6.3
62
43
1006.8
Mar
32.9
18.6
6.7
7.6
45
27
1003.2
Apr
37.6
23.3
8.2
8.8
41
24
999.5
May
38.9
26.0
28.2
9.8
56
36
995.1
Jun
36.7
27.1
139.0
9.0
71
57
991.7
Jul
32.9
26.7
265.8
8.6
81
75
992.0
Aug
32.1
26.6
307.1
7.5
83
78
993.8
Sep
32.3
26.3
242.8
6.7
80
75
997.5
Oct
31.9
23.0
62.8
4.7
70
62
1003.6
Nov
28.9
16.1
5.7
3.6
62
52
1007.7
Dec
24.9
11.7
2.4
4.1
67
53
1009.8
________________________________________________________________
Avg
31.6
20.8
6.8
66
53
1000.8
Total
- 1109.8
----------------------------------------------------------------

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 6
Table - 3.6.2
Temperature, Rainfall, Wind Speed, Humidity and Pressure
at Bhagalpur IMD Station (1931-1960)
________________________________________________________________________
Month
Temperature (C)
Rain
Mean
Relative
Barometric
_________________
fall
Wind
Humidity
Pressure
Daily
Daily
(mm)
Speed
(%)
(mb)
Max
Min
(km/h)
______________________
0830 1730
0830
___________________________________________________________________________
Jan
24.0
11.8
34.5
5.0
76
63
1010.4
Feb
27.0
14.3
3.5
6.3
61
53
1007.0
Mar
33.0
19.1
5.6
7.7
53
39
1003.9
Apr
37.0
23.6
8.7
10.4
47
31
999.9
May
38.3
25.7
48.1
10.1
60
43
996.1
Jun
35.3
26.4
207.6
8.2
76
66
992.6
Jul
32.5
26.2
253.0
6.6
84
74
993.7
Aug
32.3
26.3
250.9
6.0
84
80
994.5
Sep
32.5
25.9
245.6
6.0
82
80
998.2
Oct
32.0
23.1
78.8
4.6
75
73
1003.9
Nov
29.0
16.6
5.0
3.4
68
64
1008.4
Dec
25.5
12.8
1.6
3.9
76
63
1010.6
________________________________________________________________
Avg
31.6
21.0
6.5
70
61
1001.6
Total
- 1142.9
________________________________________________________________

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 7
TABLE-3.6.3
Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction at Patna
at 0830 IST (1931-1960)
________________________________________________________________________________
Month
Days with Wind
Percentage (%) Frequency of
Speed (km/h)
Wind from Direction
_______________
__________________________________________________
Calm 1-19 >=20
N
NE
E
SE
S SW W
NW Calm
________________________________________________________________________________
Jan
6
25
0
1
8
3
4
6
36 17
6
19
Feb
3
25
0
1
8
6
5
6
38 8
7
11
Mar
2
29
0
1
11
9
6
5
34 19
8
7
Apr
2
27
1
2
21
20
6
2
18 18
7
6
May
1
28
2
2
38
37
7
1
4 6
3
2
Jun
1
28
1
2
42
30
11
2
4 3
2
4
Jul
2
28
1
2
22
34
15
4
9 5
3
6
Aug
3
27
1
2
21
30
17
3
9 5
4
9
Sep
3
27
0
2
21
24
16
4
10 9
5
9
Oct
5
26
0
3
15
11
10
8
21 9
7
16
Nov
6
24
0
2
6
2
4
6
38 13
8
21
Dec
6
25
0
1
5
1
3
6
41 18
7
18
_______________________________________________________________________________
Avg
2
18
16
8
5
22 12
6
11
Total
40 319
6
_______________________________________________________________________________

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 8
TABLE-3.6.4
Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction at Patna
at 1730 IST (1931-1960)
________________________________________________________________________________
Month
Days with Wind
Speed (km/h)
Wind from Direction
_______________
_________________________________________________
Calm 1-19 >=20
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW W
NW Calm
________________________________________________________________________________
Jan
7
24
0
2
7
3
2
1
8 38
14
25
Feb
5
23
0
3
8
4
2
1
8 36
21
17
Mar
4
26
1
6
10
2
1
1
5 32
32
11
Apr
2
27
1
6
18
7
1
0
3 28
30
7
May
2
28
1
5
37
17
3
0
1 13
18
6
Jun
2
27
1
2
46
18
6
2
2 5
2
6
Jul
3
27
1
2
27
32
10
3
5 6
4
11
Aug
4
26
1
3
27
29
11
1
5 6
5
13
Sep
7
23
0
3
20
23
9
1
8 9
6
21
Oct
12
19
0
3
16
7
4
4
14 9
6
37
Nov
14
16
0
3
7
1
1
1
9 19
12
47
Dec
11
20
0
2
4
0
0
1
4 38
15
36
_______________________________________________________________________________
14
20
Avg
4
19
12
4
1
6 20
Total
73 286
6
_______________________________________________________________________________

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 9
TABLE-3.6.5
Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction at Bhagalpur
at 0830 IST (1931-1960)
________________________________________________________________________________
Month
Days with Wind
Speed (km/h)
Wind from Direction
_______________
__________________________________________________
Calm 1-19 >=20
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW W
NW Calm
________________________________________________________________________________
Jan
16
15
0
1
1
5
2
2
15 24
3
47
Feb
10
18
0
1
4
6
3
3
20 27
6
33
Mar
8
22
1
2
5
17
7
5
16 20
3
25
Apr
5
24
1
0
5
31
8
1
8 23
4
17
May
4
26
1
1
5
30
15
4
2 8
3
12
Jun
3
26
1
0
7
42
31
5
2 3
1
9
Jul
7
23
1
1
3
33
25
8
6 4
1
19
Aug
7
24
0
1
3
33
28
4
5 5
1
20
Sep
7
22
1
2
4
30
21
6
6 7
2
22
Oct
11
19
1
3
5
18
10
3
6 15
6
34
Nov
16
14
0
1
4
6
3
3
8 19
6
50
Dec
16
15
0
1
2
3
1
2
13 24
3
51
_______________________________________________________________________________
Avg
1
4
23
13
4
9 15
3
28
Total
110 248
7
_______________________________________________________________________________

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 10
TABLE-3.6.6
Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction at Bhagalpur
at 1730 IST (1931-1960)
________________________________________________________________________________
Month
Days with Wind
Speed (km/h)
Wind from Direction
_______________
__________________________________________________
Calm 1-19 >=20
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW W
NW Calm
________________________________________________________________________________
Jan
8
23
0
2
1
4
1
1
7 48
13
23
Feb
6
22
0
3
4
3
1
1
6 46
19
17
Mar
5
25
1
3
5
10
2
0
2 43
22
13
Apr
3
25
2
2
3
12
4
2
3 40
26
8
May
1
27
3
4
7
37
10
3
1 16
17
5
Jun
4
25
1
2
5
51
19
4
2
2
4
3
Jul
6
25
0
1
5
35
28
4
4
5
2
16
Aug
6
25
0
2
3
37
25
3
4
6
3
17
Sep
9
20
1
1
2
31
18
2
4
8
5
29
Oct
12
18
1
3
4
13
8
1
5 16
12
38
Nov
11
19
0
5
3
4
1
0
8 29
14
36
Dec
9
22
0
4
1
5
1
1
7 38
17
26
_______________________________________________________________________________
Avg
3
4
20
10
2
4 24
13
20
Total
80 276
9
_______________________________________________________________________________

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 11
TABLE 3.6.7
ONSITE METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR BARAUNI REFINERY
(20th MARCH, 2007 19th JUNE, 2007)
MONTHS
TEMPERATURE
MARCH, 2007
APRIL, 2007
MAY, 2007
JUNE, 2007
OVERALL

3.6 Meteorology
( oC )
MAX.
MIN.
38
16.5
45.5
24
46.9
22
46.8
27.4
46.9
16.5
RELATIVE
HUMIDITY
( %)
MAX.
92.5
89
83
85.5
92.5
MIN.
53
42
44.5
48
42
BAROMETRIC
PRESSURE (mm
Hg)
MAX.
MIN.
758
754
757
753
756.5
753
755.5
752.5
758
752.5
AVERAGE
VELOCITY
( Km. Hr-1)
5.14
8.38
6.8
7.87
7.05
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 12
TABLE - 3.6.8
ONSITE METEOROLOGICAL DATA
(MARCH, 2007)
DAYS
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
TEMPERATURE
( oC )
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
(%)
BAROMETRIC
PRESSURE (mm Hg)
AVERAGE
VELOCITY
TOTAL
RAIN FALL
MAX.
MIN.
MAX.
MIN.
MAX.
MIN.
( Km. Hr-1)
(MM)
31
33
36
36.5
37
36.5
37
37
37.5
36
36.5
38
17
17
16.5
17.5
20
19.5
21
20
21.5
19
19.5
21
91
92.5
83
92.5
87
92.5
86
83
91.5
87.5
78
79.5
59.5
69.5
55.5
70.5
64.5
70.5
65
53
65.5
65
55
54
756
755.5
756
755
755.5
757.5
757.5
756
756.5
757
758
757.5
754.5
755
755.5
754
754.5
756
756
755
755.5
756
756.5
756.5
2.73
4.16
3.87
4.65
4.85
7.53
7.28
4.85
5.48
5.18
4.81
6.3
Nil

3.6 Meteorology
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 13
TABLE - 3.6.9
(APRIL, 2007)
DAYS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
TEMPERATURE
( oC )
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
(%)
BAROMETRIC
PRESSURE (mm Hg)
AVERAGE
VELOCITY
TOTAL
RAIN FALL
MAX.
MIN.
MAX.
MIN.
MAX.
MIN.
( Km. Hr-1)
(MM)
40
42
41.5
40
41
41.5
37.5
39
38
39
37
36
36.5
37
36
43
43.5
43
44
44.5
43.5
44
45
45.5
42
38
38.5
37
37.5
34.5
27
29
28.5
27
27
28.5
26.5
26
25
27
25
24
25
25
24
30
30.5
30
29
28.5
27.5
28
29
29
28
30
26.5
26
26.5
28.5
84
89
89
87
85
81
87
64
73
79
74
78
87
85
81
72
75
70
87
85
88
79
81
83
82
72
73
64
66
79
59
64
62
58
47
46
62
56
44
42
64
48
57
62
56
47
50
47
58
52
56
57
47
49
59
53
55
55
50
62
755.5
756
756.5
756.5
754
754.5
754.5
755
755.5
756
756
755.5
754.5
755.5
755.5
756
756.5
757
757
757
756.5
756
756
756
755
754.5
755
755
756
756
754.5
755
755
755
753
753
753.5
754
754
754.5
754.5
754
753
754
754
755
755.5
756
756
756.5
755.5
755.5
755.5
755
754.5
754
754
754
755
755
9.37
8.05
6.81
8.40
7.65
6.85
8.77
8.76
7.78
7.07
8.20
10.59
10.78
7.06
7.58
9.51
8.08
8.71
10.09
9.16
8.42
7.77
8.51
7.75
8.88
8.03
8.05
9.47
6.51
8.81
Nil

3.6 Meteorology
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
3.68
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 14
TABLE - 3.6.10
(MAY 2007)
DAYS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
TEMPERATURE
( oC )
MAX.
MIN.
38.1
30
38.2
29.4
39
28.5
39.5
32
38
27.9
39.5
32
41.3
29.4
39
27.9
41.3
28
40.7
29.9
41.6
32.4
36.4
22
41.7
27.9
40.5
28.5
39.5
28.9
38.7
28
38.4
27.7
41
28.9
41.9
29.1
41.8
28.5
39.4
30.1
45.3
28
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
46.6
46.5
46.5
43.9
46.4
46.5
45.5
46.7
46.9
30.5
30.4
30.3
30.4
31.4
29
29.5
29.2
31.5

3.6 Meteorology
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
(%)
MAX.
MIN.
70.5
54
77
53
81.5
47
78
53.5
81.5
48
79.5
53.5
83
47.5
83
49
81.5
48
75
48
81
47.5
79.5
50.5
83
47.5
73
44.5
71.5
47.5
73
44.5
73
55.5
72
48
75.5
57
73
55.5
73
44.5
81.5
48
81.5
81
81.5
73.5
81.5
82
81
81.5
82
48
47.5
48
54
48
61.5
47.5
48
61.5
BAROMETRIC
PRESSURE (mm Hg)
MAX.
MIN.
754
753
754
753
755
753.5
755
753.5
755.5
754
755
754.5
754.5
754
755
753.5
754.5
754
754.5
753.5
754.5
754
756
755.5
756
755.5
755
754.5
756.5
755.5
756
754.5
755
753.5
756
755
753.5
753
753.5
753
755
754.5
754.5
754
755.5
755
754.5
756
754.5
755
755
755.5
755
754
754
754
755
753
754
754
754
753.5
AVERAGE
VELOCITY
( Km. Hr-1)
6.53
5.46
7.4
6.68
4.45
8.61
8.77
6.79
6.97
5.48
8.97
7.45
6.42
7.95
7.27
9.9
6.51
6.6
5.24
7.23
7.62
6.74
TOTAL
RAIN
FALL
(MM)
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
24.62
Nil
Nil
Nil
10.18
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
6.36
5.97
4.41
9.62
5.73
5.99
5.91
5.06
6.81
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Indian
Oil
DAYS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

at Barauni Refinery
TEMPERATURE
( oC )
MAX.
46.8
46.8
44.9
41.5
41.5
41.7
37.5
41.1
35.9
32.9
36.2
38.2
34
40.1
33.4
39.1
40
42.2
36.5
MIN.
31.4
30.9
32.4
29.3
30
30.5
31.5
30.5
30.9
29.5
28.5
30
27.4
28
28.6
28.9
28.8
32
31

3.6 Meteorology
TABLE - 3.6.11
(JUNE, 2007)
RELATIVE
BAROMETRIC
HUMIDITY
PRESSURE (mm Hg)
(%)
MAX.
MIN.
MAX.
MIN.
70.5
55.5
754
753.5
72
54
755.5
755
80
61.5
755
754.5
69
55
754
753.5
81.5
48
755
753.5
80
61.5
753
752.5
73
58.5
753.5
753
69
55
754.5
753.5
77
60.5
754
752.5
73
58.5
753.5
753
80
61.5
755.5
754
85.5
65.5
754
753.5
80
61.5
755.5
754
83
61.5
755
753.5
84.5
65
754
752.5
73
58.5
753.5
753
80
61.5
755.5
754
83
62.5
754.5
753.5
81.5
48
755
753.5
C3.6 - 15
TOTAL
AVERAGE
RAIN
VELOCITY
FALL
( Km. Hr-1)
(MM)
5.04
Nil
6.48
Nil
10.35
Nil
9.75
Nil
8.69
Nil
9.09
Nil
9.46
Nil
9.63
Nil
11.88
Nil
9.08
Nil
7.62
Nil
6.5
17.5
6.13
Nil
4.16
Nil
5.42
69.6
9.8
Nil
6.42
Nil
6.89
Nil
7.2
Nil
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 16
Figure 3.6.1

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 17
Figure 3.6.2
Figure 3.6.3

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.6 - 18
Figure 3.6.4
Figure 3.6.5

3.6 Meteorology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.7 - 1
3.7
WATER QUALITY
3.7.1
3.7.1.1
ON SITE MONITORING STATIONS

Monitoring Stations on River Ganga
The River Ganga flows from NW to SE at about 8 km south of Barauni Refinery. The Ganga, being the
life-line of the region, its quality and ecology has been attracting the attention of masses and are
becoming matter of concern. As the main drainage channel of the region, Ganga receives pollutional
loads of domestic and industrial waste waters as also agricultural run off. The treated IOC effluent is
discharged into it through an underground pipeline at Kasha Diara, 5 km. downstream from Rajendra
Bridge. Presently, very low quantity of the treated effluent is being discharged into Ganga. Most of the
treated effluent is being re-used as a make up in fire water, coke cutting water, cooling tower and for
watering plants/shrubs in ecological park and as make up water to eco-ponds.
To assess the quality of water in river Ganga intercepted in the study area and the impact of Refinery
discharges on the water quality, if any, 2 stations were selected and monitored. (Please refer Figure 3.7.1). The locations have been listed in Table 3.7.1
3.7.1.2
Ground Water Quality Monitoring Stations

Ground Water has been found as the most important source for catering the local needs of water
consumption, for various purposes viz domestic, industrial, irrigation etc throughout the study area. On
the other hand, the river water serves the purposes of bathing and washing to some extent with limited
pumped irrigation by the inhabitants residing adjacent to the river bank. Therefore, any kind of
deterioration owing to the industrial or the urban activities in the quality of ground water will pose
serious threat to almost all form of water consumption requirement and an attention needs to be paid
towards maintaining the quality of water using all possible tools such as regular monitoring with
spontaneous remedial suggestions, if required.
With this view, 8 monitoring stations in the study area were identified for the assessment of the ground
water quality (Please refer Figure 3.7.1). The locations of the respective stations with respect to the
refinery have been given in Table 3.7.2
3.7.2
METHODOLOGY AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING

Water samples were drawn at a frequency of once in a month during the entire sampling period of
March 2007 to May 2007.
The samples were analysed for relevant parameters covering physical, chemical and biological
qualities including certain heavy metals, trace elements and toxic constituents.
All the basic precautions and care were taken during the sampling to avoid contamination. Analysis of
the samples was carried out as per established standard methods and procedures prescribed by the
CPCB and relevant IS Codes.
3.7.3
WATER QUALITY OF RIVER GANGA

Ganga river water quality monitoring results for the two locations are compiled in Tables-3.7.3 and
3.7.4.

3.7 Water Quality
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.7 - 2
The water temperature at both the stations falls more or less in the similar range.
The pH value of Ganga water showed its slightly alkaline nature. The conductivity value at both the
stations has been observed in the range of 307 351 mhos/cm respectively, falling in the healthy,
moderate ranges and had hardly any impact on the ecosystem.
The values of hardness, carbonate alkalinity and bicarbonate alkalinity are within the limit and thus, will
not cause any concern.
DO was found to be satisfactory at both the stations falling in the range of 7.7 8.2 mg/l. Vigorous
algal growth could be the main cause of high DO and pH values.
Ganga water was in a pretty healthy and clean state in this stretch and was not being affected by the
pollutant loads entering Ganga from Barauni industrial area as evidenced by the consistent value of pH
(around 8.0) and DO (the values varying between 7.7 8.2 mg/l ).
BOD and COD were observed to vary in the range of 2.4 3.8 mg/L, and (4.9 6.1) mg/L respectively.
Chloride and Sulphates varied in the range of 16.4 21.1 mg/L and 17.2 27.4 mg/L respectively.
Overall, no significant impact on water quality of river Ganga due to BR effluent is perceived.
3.7.5
GROUNDWATER QUALITY
Statistical analysis of all the ground waters jointly is presented in Table 3.7.5.
There has been little fluctuation in the values of pH for all the 8 locations. The Electrical Conductivity
values of all the 8 locations were found in the range of (706 746) mhos/cm, with the average for all
the 8 locations being 723.23 mhos/cm.
The total hardness values at the respective locations were observed in the range of (311 - 378) mg/l,
with the arithmetic mean value of 343.73 mg/L.
Chloride was found to vary in the ranges of 25 57 mg/l, with the arithmetic mean value of 41.78 mg/L,
which were well within the tolerance limit of 250 mg/l for chloride for drinking water.
The iron concentrations at all the 8 locations have been found very high, with the values crossing the
tolerance limit of 0.3 mg/l for drinking water on most of the occasions. The values of iron ranged
between 0.75 1.18 mg/L
The other analysed parameters like Nickel, Zinc, Arsenic, Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium,
Selenium and Phenol have been found at below detection limit while the total suspended solids were
nil on every occasion at all the six monitoring stations.

3.7 Water Quality
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.7 - 3
An important conclusion can be drawn in the light of the overall analysis made so far that the ground
water around the Barauni Refinery is free of any kind of industrial and urban pollution and has been
found to be fit for human consumption as per IS:2296.
TABLE 3.7.1
LOCATION OF GANGA WATER QUALITY LOCATIONS
SL.NO
1
2
LOCATION NAME
KASHA DIARA (100 MTR. UPSTEAM OF IOC OUTFALL )
KASHA DIARA (100 MTR. DOWNSTEAM OF IOC OUTFALL )
TABLE 3.7.2
LOCATION OF GROUND WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS
SL.NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LOCATION NAME
GOVINDPUR
KESABE
RAICHIAHI
MAHNA
NURPUR
PAPRAUR
MASADPUR
HARPUR

3.7 Water Quality
SOURCE
WELL
HAND PUMP
HAND PUMP
HAND PUMP
HAND PUMP
HAND PUMP
HAND PUMP
WELL
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.7 - 4
TABLE - 3.7.3
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GANGA WATER QUALITY
LOCATION : 100 MTS UPSTREAM OF IOC OUTFALL
Samples Collected in March '07, April '07 & May '07
S.N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
PARAMETER
Temperature
pH
Conductivity (25oC)
Dissolved Oxygen
BOD ( 3 days at 27oC)
COD
Total Hardness (as CaCO3)
HCO3 Alkalinity (as CaCO3)
CO3 Alkalinity (as CaCO3)
Chlorides (as Cl)
Sulphates (as SO4)
Free Carbon Dioxide (as CO2)
Boron (as B )
Sodium Absorption Ratio
MIN
24.8
8.2
307
7.7
2.4
4.9
217
116
8.6
18.9
26.6
2.8
BDL
7.8
MAX
25.8
8.4
317
8.1
3.1
5.3
227
122
10.2
21.1
27.4
3.6
BDL
9.2
Average
25.3
8.3
312
7.9
2.8
5.1
222
119
9.4
20
27
3.2
BDL
8.5
N.B. : MIN-Minimum, MAX-Maximum, A.M. - Arithmetic Mean, S.D.- Standard Deviation

3.7 Water Quality
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.7 - 5
TABLE - 3.7.4
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GANGA WATER QUALITY
LOCATION : 100 MTS DOWN STREAM OF IOC OUTFALL
Samples Collected in March '07, April '07 & May '07
S.N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
PARAMETER
Temperature
pH
Conductivity (25oC)
Dissolved Oxygen
BOD ( 3 days at 27oC)
COD
Total Hardness (as CaCO3)
HCO3 Alkalinity (as CaCO3)
CO3 Alkalinity (as CaCO3)
Chlorides (as Cl)
Sulphates (as SO4)
Free Carbon Dioxide (as CO2)
Boron (as B )
Sodium Absorption Ratio
MIN
23.8
8.2
331
7.8
3.2
6.1
312
159
8.3
16.4
17.2
21.7
BDL
8.3
MAX
25.4
8.6
351
8.2
3.8
7.3
332
167
10.1
18.6
20.4
25.2
BDL
9.2
Average
24.6
8.4
341
8
3.5
6.7
322
163
9.2
17.5
18.8
23.5
BDL
8.8
N.B. : MIN-Minimum, MAX-Maximum, A.M. - Arithmetic Mean, S.D.- Standard Deviation

3.7 Water Quality
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.7 - 6
TABLE - 3.7.5
GROUND WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS AROUND
BARAUNI REFINERY
(Samples Collected in March '07, April '07 & May 07)
PARAMETERS
UNIT
oC
Temperature
pH
Conductivity
mhos/cm
Total Hardness
mg/L
Alkalinity
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Total Sulphides
mg/L
Oil and Grease
mg/L
Chloride
mg/L
Nitrate
mg/L
Fluoride
mg/L
Iron
mg/L
Lead
mg/L
Phenol
mg/L
Nickel
mg/L
Arsenic
mg/L
Zinc
mg/L
Mercury
mg/L
Dissolved Oxygen
mg/L
Cadmium
mg/L
Selenium
mg/L
Chromium
mg/L
BDL - Below Detection Limit

3.7 Water Quality
MIN
MAX
AVERAGE
26.2
7.08
706
311
161
393
1.1
BDL
BDL
25
1.1
0.45
0.75
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.56
BDL
5.1
BDL
BDL
BDL
28.3
7.3
746
378
281
479
1.4
BDL
BDL
57
1.32
0.87
1.18
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
1.23
BDL
6
BDL
BDL
BDL
27.16
7.18
723.23
343.73
238.38
429.5
1.23
BDL
BDL
41.76
1.20
0.64
0.98
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.90
BDL
5.5
BDL
BDL
BDL
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.8 - 1
3.8
NOISE
3.8.1
MAJOR SOURCES OF NOISE IN THE STUDY AREA

The existing refinery itself contributes to increased noise levels in the area. Besides industrial noise,
vehicular movement on the roads is the one of the major sources of noise, significantly increasing the
ambient noise level. There are also number of other domestic and commercial noise sources such as
generator sets, sirens, television, radio, loud speakers, etc.
3.8.2
AMBIENT NOISE MONITORING

In the present study, sound pressure levels have been measured by a sound level meter. Since
loudness of sound is important due to its effects on people, the dependence of loudness upon
frequency must be taken into account in environmental noise assessment. This has been achieved by
the use of A-weighting filters in the noise measuring instrument which gives a direct reading of
approximate loudness. Moreover, A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq)
values have been computed from the values of A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) measured with
the help of noise meter.
A number of relevant locations were selected for the measurement of Ambient Noise Levels covering
industrial, commercial, residential as well as sensitive areas around the Barauni Refinery. The
monitoring was carried out once during May, 2007.
The selected locations studied for this purpose are shown in Figure-3.8.1.
At each location, readings were taken at uniform interval over a twenty-four hours period. For a
particular location, day time Leq has been computed from the SPL values measured between 6.00
A.M to 10.00 P.M and night time Leq from the SPL values measured between 10.00 P.M to 6.00 A.M,
such that comparison could be made with the national ambient noise standards.
3.8.3
NOISE LEVELS AT RURAL ZONES

Total 7 (Seven) villages were selected for this purpose of noise level monitoring. The respective Leq
values for Day and Night for the entire have been presented in Table 3.8.1.
The highest day time equivalent noise level i.e., 63.1 dB(A), was observed at Bihat. However, at all
locations, the noise levels were recorded well below 70 dB(A), and varied mostly in the ranges of (50
70) dB(A).
The night time noise levels were lower than those measured at day time, as usual. The values varied
usually in the ranges of (40 55) dB(A).
3.8.4
NOISE LEVELS AT URBAN CENTRES

Total 5 (Five) locations were selected for the purpose of noise level monitoring at the urban areas.
The respective Leq values for Day and Night for the entire study period have been presented in Table
3.8.2.

3.8 Noise
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.8 - 2
The noise levels near Barauni Railway Station and Begusarai Railway stations were high,
corresponding day time Leq values recorded as 71.2 and 72.6 dB(A) respectively.
However, at all other locations, the noise levels were recorded well below 90 dB(A) and varied mostly
in the ranges of (60 80) dB(A).
The night time noise levels were lower than those, measured at day time as usual. The values varied
mostly in the ranges of (40 60) dB(A).
3.8.5
NOISE LEVELS AT SENSITIVE AREAS

Total 3 (three) locations were selected for the purpose of noise level monitoring at the sensitive areas.
The locations near DAV Public School, Refinery Hospital, and Begusarai Science College were
chosen as the locations under Sensitive Areas.
The respective Leq values for Day and Night for the entire study period have been presented in Table
3.8.3. The night time Leq values were found varying in the ranges of (40 50) dB(A).
3.8.6
NOISE LEVELS WITHIN THE INDUSTRIAL AREA

The important sources of noise in the Barauni industrial zone mainly from IOCL Refinery, BTPS and
Barauni Carbon. Total 3 (three) such major noise level locations were selected for the purpose of
noise level monitoring at the industrial areas for the purpose of noise monitoring with a view to having
an overall assessment of the impact due to various noise generating industries in the area.
The respective Leq values for Day and Night for the three seasons have been presented in Table
3.8.4.
At every location, SPL readings were taken at uniform intervals over a period of eight hours (8 A.M.
4 P.M.) to compute Leq (8 hr).
The highest noise level was observed as 73.8 dB(A) at BTPS . Whereas at Refinery Main Gate and
Barauni Carbon, such values were recorded as 71.1 and 71.8 dB(A) respectively.
3.8.7
NOISE LEVELS AT NATIONAL HIGHWAYS

Total 3 (three) locations were selected for the purpose of noise level monitoring on the National
Highways. The respective Leq values for Day and Night for the entire study area have been presented
in Table 3.8.5.
The locations were (1) near Kapasya Chowk, NH-31, (2) at Zero Mile, NH-31 and (3) Over Rajendra
Setu, NH-31.
The highest value was recorded as 88.2 dB(A) at Zero Mile on NH31 at Day time. However, all the
values were found falling in the ranges of (90 70) dB(A) range.

3.8 Noise
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.8 - 3
TABLE- 3.8.1
NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA (RURAL ZONE)
zone
RURAL
N.B.
LOCATIONS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
GOVINDPUR
BIHAT
PAPRAUR
MIRZAPUR
MAHARATPUR
RAICHIAHI
MAHANA
EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL

Leq in dB(A)
DAY
NIGHT
60.6
48.42
65.9
52.4
60.3
49.95
56.7
46.21
55.95
44.04
54.7
42.23
57.65
46.1
Day time is reckoned between 0600 HOURS TO 2200 HOURS

Night Time is reckoned between 2201 HOURS TO 0600 HOURS
TABLE- 3.8.2
NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA (RURAL ZONE)
zone
URBAN
N.B.
1
2
3
4
5
LOCATIONS
BEGUSARAI RAIL STATION
BARAUNI RAIL STATION
BEGUSARAI MARKET
REFINERY TOWNSHIP
BARAUNI MARKET

Leq in dB(A)
DAY
NIGHT
72.6
70.4
71.2
69.6
63.4
52.5
57.8
46.7
61.2
50.0


3.8 Noise
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.8 - 4
TABLE- 3.8.3
NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA (SENSATIVE ZONE)
Leq in dB(A)
zone
LOCATIONS
DAY
NIGHT
1 Refinery Hospital
46.3
39.52
SENSITIVE
2 DAV School
58.3
46.7
3 Begusarai Science College
59.4
48.84
N.B.
TABLE- 3.8.4
NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA
(INDUSTRIAL ZONE)
Leq in dB(A)
DAY (4.00 To 16.00 Hrs. )
zone
LOCATIONS
1 Refinery Main Gate
71.1
INDUSTRIAL
2 BTPS
73.8
3 Barauni carbon
71.8
N.B.
TABLE- 3.8.5
NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA (TRAFFIC ZONE)
zone
TRAFFIC
N.B.
1
2
3
LOCATIONS
Kapasia Chowk
Rajendra Bridge
Zero mile crossing

Leq in dB(A)
DAY
NIGHT
78.5
77.88
83.1
78.4
88.2
82.02


3.8 Noise
Indian
Oil
3.9

at Barauni Refinery
C3.9 - 1
ECOLOGY
Biodiversity is actually the variety & variability among worlds living organisms including their
genetic makeup & the communities in which they live. It has been increasingly used as
conceptual focus for conservation policy and to measure species extinction and ecosystem
loss in response to natural and human induced pressures. The purpose of an assessment of
biodiversity is to provide the sort of information to decision-makers that will facilitate more
effective environmental management. Thus, in any environmental analysis where integration of
ecological thoughts into planning process is required, such kind of analysis of biological
environmental status survey is very significant. It is well established that the deterioration of
natural environment is a consequence of socio-economic developmental processes unless it is
properly planned.
So, this type of assessment includes evaluation of both the terrestrial & aquatic ecology.
3.9.1
TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA

There is no natural forest in the area, however there are plantations developed by the forest
department along road sides. Also there are self growing plants, vegetation and grasses. The
bio-diversity of the self-growing and unprotected plant species would indicate environmental
quality and hence were surveyed intensively.
The selected locations studied for this purpose are shown in Figure-3.9.1.
A survey conducted to assess the impact of pollution because of industrial/urban activities on
the terrestrial fauna reveals that there is hardly any adverse effect of the pollution on the
terrestrial fauna.
3.9.2
CULTIVATED TREES
In addition to the study conducted on self-growing and unprotected plants and vegetation,
detailed studies were conducted on cultivated trees and agricultural crops to assess the extent
of impact, if any, caused by industrial activities. Considering the economic value, species of
Mango, Lichi, Banana, Guava, Lemon, Bamboo, Shisham, Palm and Jackfruit were selected
for this study. List of fruit trees and other cultivated trees are given in Tables-3.9.1. The
selected locations studied for this purpose are shown in Figure-3.9.1.
3.9.3
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
The land in the study area is well suited for different types of crops. In Kharif maize, Jawar,
Paddy are main crops and pulses are grown at few pockets of the study area. In Rabi wheat,
maize, oilseeds such as mustard, caster oil are cultivated. Besides these main crops different
types of vegetables are grown. The main agricultural crops and vegetable in the study are
given in Tables-3.9.2.
3.9.4
3.9.4.1
ECOLOGY OF RIVER GANGA

Study Conducted
The biological organisms are the best indicators of environmental quality. Ecology of a stream
includes different biological species, such as plankton (both phyto and zoo), benthic organisms

3.9 Ecology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.9 - 2
and fishes. The aquatic organism may often serve as better indicators for subtle effects of
pollution in the water body and also may provide early warning. The abundance or absence of
certain organisms thus often serves as the indicator of a healthy or polluted aquatic
environment. The nature and quality of such biological species in a particular environment
depend on various physico-chemical characteristics of water such as pH, conductivity,
nutrients, BOD etc.
The total number of species recorded at each station during summer season are given in
Table- 3.9.3.
3.9.4.2
Bio-diversity Index
The concept of species diversity is based on the theory that an aquatic biotal community
inhabiting an environment which is pollution free is characterised by the occurrence of a wide
variety of species, by a moderate number of individual of each species.
Of the numerous proposed quantitative indices of population, the index based on the
information theory of Shannon-Weaver Index (1948) is being used extensively throughout the
biological world, particularly amongst ecologists to assess environmental perturbations of river
systems. The Shannon-Wiener Index is calculated by the formula :
H= -
S
> Pi.logepi
i=1
where, H = Species diversity index

S = the number of species in a sample
pi = ni/N
N = the total number of individuals of all the species in a sample
ni = the number of individuals of a species.
Wilhm and Dorris (1968) used this Index (H) using aquatic macro-invertebrates to indicate
pollution in the following range :
1 - indicate heavy pollution
1-3 - indicate moderate pollution, and
3 - indicate clean water body
The value of bio-diversity index for phytoplankton, zooplankton of Benthic macroinvertebrates during summer season are given in Table-3.9.4.
3.9.4.3
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton is the primary producers of an ecosystem and thus helps maintain DO of a
water body. Any reduction in number of phytoplankton would ultimately affect the whole
ecosystem. The observed value was 3.023 which is an indication of healthy water. Since the
phytoplanktons are at the mercy of river current, this may not indicate exact nature of water.

3.9 Ecology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.9 - 3
However, the BR effluent itself contains considerable number of phytoplanktons that develop in
the guard pond and it clearly indicates the healthy nature of effluent.
3.9.4.4
Zooplankton
Zooplankton in this reach mainly consists of rotifers, cladocera, copepodes and ostracods.
Rotifers were found to be the most dominant zooplankton. The diversity index was recorded as
33 and 41 respectively.
3.9.4.5
Benthic Macro-Invertebrates
The benthic organisms are the best organisms for the biomonitoring of any water body due to
its static nature in its habitat and unlike the plankton (both zoo and phyto), whos abundance or
presence mainly depend at the mercy of current. This group was represented by Polycheata,
Insects, Gastropoda and Pelacypoda. The benthos was generally very low in this stretch (biodiversity index ranged between (0.226 and 1.489). It may also be due to sandy nature of river
bed which retains less organic matter as food for the benthos.
3.9.4.6
Fish Fauna
Fish fauna was collected and surveyed at the fish landing centre in and around Barauni Area.
List of fishes observed are depicted in Table 3.9.5. It was observed that the maximum
number was that of cat fishes, which feeds upon the carcasses and dead bodies.
3.9.4.7
Bio-Productivity of River Ganga

Several hydro-biological factors such as cloudy weather, current velocity, turbidity, intensity of
light penetration, density of phytoplankton have significant effect on productivity. The incidence
of long hours of sunshines and the higher temperature of the tropics favour the conversion of
solar energy into organic matter. The primary productivity is thus the basis of whole metabolic
cycle in aquatic ecosystems.
The primary productivity was estimated on the basis of dissolved oxygen produced within the
stipulated time, following Light and Dark bottle methods suggested by Garder and Gran (1927).
The results obtained for gross primary productivity and net primary productivity for summer
seasons are given in Table- 3.9.4.
The observed phytoplankton bio-diversity index during summer season gives an indication of
healthy water. The BR effluent itself contains considerable number of phytoplanktons, which
clearly indicate the healthy nature of effluent.
Sampling Techniques
Vegetation sampling is usually done either by the transect or by the quadrat method.
Transect Method
In the transect method, the sampling plot or plots are transected by lines (line transect) or by
belts (belt transect). Lines are drawn in the plot and sampling taken along these lines.

3.9 Ecology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.9 - 4
Quadrat Method
Ecosystems may cover very large areas and it is not always possible to study them entirely.
Therefore, small sampling units or areas, called quardrats, are chosen for study. A quadrat is
square or rectangular according to its usefulness and convenience. The size of the quadrat
varies with the type of organism, to be studied.
For small plants like lichens, mosses and liverworts, or animals like earthworms distributed in
patches, small quadrats of area 25X25 cm are useful. In grasslands, quadrats of three sizes
have been found to be useful, depending upon the growth of grasses and their dispersion.
These quardrats are 25X25 cm, 50X50cm and 100X50 cm.
Soil animals such as protozoa, nematodes, collembola, microarthropods, enchytraeids, circular
samplers (a type of quadrat) of smaller size are chosen (usually 20-40 cm deep).
Frequency
The frequency is expressed as a percentage and is estimated from the following relationship:
No of quadrats in which species A occurs
Frequency of species A = -------------- X 100
Total no. of quadrats examined
Sampling Method
The quardrate size used for this study is 100X100 m area. Randomly chosen ten locations (viz.
Govindpur, Bihat, Ladaura, Papraura, Mahana, Maharatpur, Begusari, Mallihpur, Refinary
Township, Hatidah) for the study. So, the total no. of quadrat studied here is ten.
eg.
9 nos of quadrats in which mango occurs
Percentage frequency of Mango = ----------------------------------------------------- X 100
Total 10 nos .of quadrats examined

3.9 Ecology
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.9 - 5
TABLE- 3.9.1
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION (%) OF THE PLANT
LIST OF FRUIT TREES
Scientific Name
Mangifera indica
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Eagle marmelos
Litchi chinensis
Psidium guayava
Bugenia jambolans
Tamarindus indica
Boraseus flabellifer
Citrus aurantifolia
Musa Paradiasica
Cucumis melo
Carica papaya
Citrus airandifolia

3.9 Ecology
Common Name
Mango
Jackfruit
Bel
Litchi
Guava
Black Berry
Imli
Palm
Lime
Banana
Water melon
Pappaya
Lemon
Frequency Distribution (%)

90
70
40
80
75
60
40
90
80
15
30
30
80
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.9 - 6
TABLE - 3.9.2
LIST OF CROPS
Scientific Name
Oryza sativa
Triticum sativam
Saccharum officinarum
Cajanus indicus
Brassica nigra
Ricinus communis
Zea maiza
Cicer aeriatinum
Pisum sativum
Lens esculanta
Solanum melongena
Solanum tuberosum
Lycopersicum esculentus
Capsicum frutenus
Raphanus Satisvus
Brassica olerracea
Trichosanthes diocia
Carcia papaya
Musa sapientum
Momordica charantia
Daccus carota
Ipomea batata
Cucumis melo
Hibiscus esculantus
Cucurbita maxima
Moringa oleigera
Allium cepa
Spinacea oleracea

3.9 Ecology
Common Name
Paddy
Wheat
Sugar cane
Arahar
Mustard
Castor
Maize
Bengal grame
Peas
Massor
Brinjil
Potato
Tommato
Chilie
Radis
Cauliflower
Parwal
papaya
Banana
Karaila
Carrot
Sweet potata
Kakri
Ladies finger
Kaddoo
Drumstick
Onion
Spinach
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.9 - 7
TABLE- 3.9.3
TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES RECORDED AT DIFFERENT STATIONS DURING STUDY PERIOD
(IN NO. / LITRE)
Type of Species
Station on River Ganga

RW 1
RW 2
75
63
33
41
485
144
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Benthic Macro-invertibrates
TABLE- 3.9.4
SHANNON WEAVER SPECIES DIVERSITY INDEX OF BIOTA OF RIVER GANGA AT DIFFERENT
SELECTED LOCATIONS DURING STUDY PERIOD
Type of Species
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Benthic Macro-invertibrates

3.9 Ecology
Station on River Ganga

RW1
3.023
2.221
1.812
RW2
2.621
2.541
1.489
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.9 - 8
TABLE- 3.9.5
LIST OF FISHES RECORDED FROM GANGA NEAR BARAUNI
____________________________________________________________________________________
Scientific Name
Local Name
Notopterus chitala
N. Notopterus
Gudusia chapra
Setipinna phasa
Chela utrahi
Barilius bola
B. bendelisis
Catla catla
Cirrhinus mrigala
C. reba
Labeo bata
L. calbasu
L. rohita
Puntius chola
P. sarana
Mystus aor
M. cavasis
Rita rita

3.9 Ecology
Mio, Chital
Moai
Chapra
Phasa
Chelhwa
Dhawai
Dhawai
Catla
Mirka
Reba
Bata
Calbasu
Rohu
Pothia
Pothia
Aris
Tengra
Ritha
Indian
Oil
3.10

at Barauni Refinery
C3.10-1
DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO ECONOMICS

The growth of industrial sectors and infrastructure developments in and around the agriculture
dominant areas, village and towns is bound to create its impact on the socio- economic
aspects of the local population of the area experiencing development. The impacts may be
positive or negative depending upon the development activity. To assess the anticipated
impacts of the project and industrial growth on the socio economic aspects of people, it is
necessary to study the existing socio-economic status of the local population, which will be
helpful for making efforts to further improve the quality of life in the area under study.
The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography, and social
strata such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy levels besides
infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include occupational
structure of workers.
The Baseline Demographic and Socio economic characteristics with regards to demography,
literacy and occupational status have been described, based on the Primary Census abstract,
2001, while the relevant details of the Infrastructure Facilities have been gathered from the
Primary Census abstract, 2001.
3.10.1
SOCIO- ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE VILLAGES FALLING IN TOTAL CORRIDOR

IOC Barauni falls in Begusarai district of Bihar. The total 10 KM radius area from the center of
Barauni Refinery falls under the study area. The four blocks namely, Teghra, Barauni,
Matihani and Begusarai which cover 15.67, 44.92, 17.43 and 21.92% of the study area
respectively. The study area includes either partly or entirely 129 villages and 3 urban areas
namely Barauni, Begusarai and IOC Township.
3.10.2
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
As per 2001 census, the population of the total villages, consisted of 6, 04,478. The
distribution for these villages is shown in the Table below (refer Annexure for village-wise
data):
TABLE 3.10.1
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN TOTAL STUDY AREA
Particulars
No of Households
Male Population
Female Population
Total Population
3.10.2.1
Total Study Area

99,886
3,20,025
2,84,453
6,04,478
AVERAGE HOUSHOLD SIZE

The Study area had an average family size of 6.05 persons per household. This is considered
to be a normal family size in Bihar state.

3.10 Demography and Socio - economics
Indian
Oil
3.10.2.2

at Barauni Refinery
C3.10-2
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
In the study area, 11.99 % population belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC) and about 0.3 %
are Scheduled Tribes (ST). The distribution of population in the study area by social structure
is shown in Table below.
TABLE 3.10.2
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE
IN TOTAL STUDY AREA
SL No
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.10.3
Particulars
Total Scheduled Castes
Male
Female
Total Scheduled Tribes
Male
Female
Study Area
72,530
38,366
34,164
1,389
759
630
LITERACY LEVELS
The literacy rate in the study area was 45.12% of the total population. The male literacy rate
was 62.94 % (of total male population), whereas the female literacy was 37.05 % (of total
female population). The details are given in Table below.
TABLE 3.10.3
DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATES AND LITERACY RATE
IN TOTAL STUDY AREA
SL No
1
2
3
3.10.4
Particulars
Total Literates
Male Literates
Female Literates
Study Area
2,72,760
1,71,699
1,01,061
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
The occupational structure of people in the study area is studied with reference to main
workers and marginal workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by
the Census Department, which consists of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in
live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, processing and repairs in
household industry and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce,
transport and communication and other services.
The marginal workers are those workers, engaged in some work for a period of less than six
months during the reference year prior to the census survey.
Altogether the Total workers were 28.49 % of the total population whereas the marginal
workers were 6.30 % and Non-workers were 71.50 % of the total population. While 11.83 %
were Cultivators and 24.09 % were Agricultural Labour of the total worker. The distribution of

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.10-3
workers by occupation structure of the study area is shown in Table below (refer Annexure for
village-wise data).
TABLE- 3.10.4
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE IN TOTAL STUDY AREA
SL No
1
Occupation
Total workers
Male
Female
Marginal workers
Male
Female
Non workers
Male
Female
Study Area
1,72,248
1,40,502
31,746
38,136
23,368
15,275
4,32,230
1,79,523
2,52,707
CONTD TABLE- 3.10.4

SL No
1
3.10.5
Occupation
Total Cultivators workers
Male
Female
Agricultural Lab. Workers
Male
Female
Study Area
20,390
18,988
1,402
41,511
33,771
7,740
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
The infrastructure and amenities available in the study area denotes the economic well being
of the region.
A review of infrastructure facilities avaliable in the area has been done based on the
information given in the Primary Census abstract for the year 2001. The infrastuctural facilities
available in the study area are described in the following section.
3.10.5.1
Educational Facilities
The educational facilities are almost evenly distributed in the area. In all, there are 212 primary
schools, 62 middle schools, 21 Secondary schools, 13 Adult Literacy Class/Centre, 4
Graduate College, 1 Industrial School, 6 Senior Secondary School and 2 other educational
institutions in the study area. The available educational facilities in the area as per 2001
census are given in Table below (refer Annexure for village-wise data).

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.10-4
TABLE 3.10.5
SL
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3.10.5.2
Primary Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Schools
Senior Secondary Schools
Graduate College
Industrial School
Adult Literacy Class/ centre
Other Educational Facilities
212
62
21
6
4
1
13
2
Health Facilities
Different types of health facilities are available in the study area. The health facilities are
shown in Table below.
SL No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3.10.5.3
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN THE TOTAL STUDY AREA

Institution
Total
TABLE 3.10.6
HEALTH FACILITIES IN THE TOTAL STUDY AREA
Institution
Allopathic Dispensary
Ayurvedic Dispensary
Homeopathic Dispensary
Maternity and Child Welfare Centre
Health Centre
Primary Health Centre
Primary Health Sub Centre
Faimaly Welfare Centre
Regd. Pvt. Medical Practitioners
Total
18
1
1
13
1
23
16
3
136
Transport Facilities
The study area is served by road transport facility. About 254 villages have NH and 149
villages have paved road and all villages have Mud road connections.
As a whole, the study area has moderate level of communication network. About 31 villages of
the study area are served by bus facility. And five villages have railway station.
3.10.5.4
Post and Telegraphs

All villages in the study area has post and Telegraphic services while only 61 villages are
having post office and 3 villages are having Telegraph office and 641 villages are having
phone connections.
3.10.5.5
Electrification
122 villages in the study area have electricity connections. Electricity is being supplied for
domestic, Agriculture and public lighting purposes.

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C3.10-5
3.10.5.6
Drinking Water Facility

Water supply in the study area is mainly from hand pump (122 villages), tube wells (33
villages), wells (118 villages) and taps (7 villages). 4 villages have river water supply system.
3.10.5.7
Banking Facility
15 commercial bank, 7 Co-operative bank, 25 agricultural Credit Societies, 2 Non Agricultural
Credit Societies and 5 other Societies are present in the study area.
3.10.6
Socio-Economic Survey
The census data have been supplemented and corroborated by a socio-economic sample
survey covering a sample population size of 511 within the study area conducted in 2001
through structured questionnaires portraying demographic and socio-economic aspects of the
study area population. Total ten (10) numbers of villages / towns were selected for the survey.
The findings of this socio-economic survey including demographic and socio-economic
characteristics, income profiles, household amenities, educational status etc. They have been
summarised in Tables 3.10.7. The salient findings of this sample survey are presented
below:
TABLE 3.10.7
Total Population
No. of Households
Family Size
Sex ratio
Caste
Literacy Level
983 (Male: 537, Female: 446)

150 (Distributed over 11 villages and 1towns)
6.55
831 females per 1000 males
SC/ST (8.13%), Others (91.87%)
Overall (57.47%), Among Males (64.99%), & among Females
(48.43%)
Build House
Brick (88%), Mud (12%)
Lighting source
Electricity (88.67%), Kerosene (11.33%)
Fuel used for Coal (6.66%), LPG (50.66%), Bio-Gas (2%), Kerosene (13.33%),
Cooking
Electricity (4.66%), Wood (22.66%)
Own Transport
Car (4.98%), Motor Cycle (6.2%), Bicycle (7.12%),
Others (0.5%), Nothing (0.2%)
Drinking
water Tap Water (46%), Well (19.3%), Hand pump (34.7%)
source
Sewer System
Sewer (19.33%), Open Surface Drain (18.66%), Pit System (46.66%),
Others (15.33%)
Source of Income Agriculture (16.7%), Business / Trade (18%), Service (27.3%), Labour
(17.3%), Forestry/ Plantation (6%), Livestock/ Fishery (10.7%),
Others (4%)
Comparison of the findings of the socio-economic sample survey with the 2001 census data has
been made below:

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
Particulars
Family size (persons per household)
Sex ratio (females per 1000 males)
Scheduled caste /Scheduled tribe
(% of total population)
Literacy (% of total population)
Male literacy (% of total male population)
Female literacy (% of total male population)
C3.10-6
2001 Census
6.05
889
12.29
2007 Sample Survey

6.55
831
8.13
45.12
53.65
35.53
57.47
64.99
48.43
It is evident from the above comparison that there has been considerable increase in the literacy
rate both among males and females of the area, even more than double of the 2001 census
figures. On the other hand, the sex ratio (females per 1000 males) has reduced significantly from
889 to 831. The family size has increased from 6.05 persons per household to 6.55 persons per
household. SC / ST population has reduced from 12.29 to 8.13.

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 1
CHAPTER-4
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1
4.1.1
IMPACTS ON SOILS AND LANDUSE

Phases of Impacts
The proposed project will have impacts on the environment during two distinct phases. One is the
construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short-term and the other is the operation
stage which will have long term effects.
The environmental impacts in this study have, as such, been discussed separately for the construction
phase as well as the operation stage.
The impacts have been assessed over the study area of 10 km. radius around the proposed project
site. Overall impacts in the regional context are negligible unless stated otherwise.
4.1.2
Activities during Construction Phase

During the construction phase, the following activities among many are considered to be important
towards the development of impact:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Site preparation
Excavation and backfilling
Hauling of the earth materials and the wastes
Piling, cutting and drilling
Erection of concrete and steel structures
Road construction
Painting and finishing
Clean up operations
Landscaping and afforestation
Construction phase activities would have moderate impacts on landuse, demography &
socioeconomics, on-site soils and onsite noise. It could also develop minor impacts on water use, air
and water quality and ecology.
This work can be divided into two groups viz. substructural & super-structural work. Certain foundation
would require pile driving. The pile driving machineries would pose noise and gaseous pollution.
Moreover, the construction work will involve cutting of trenches, excavation, concreting etc. All these
activities will give rise to the dust pollution. The superstructural work will involve steel work, concrete
work, masonry work etc. and will involve massive construction equipments like cranes, concrete
mixers, hoists, welding sets etc. There may be dust, gaseous and noise pollution from these activities.
Concrete work and masonry work involve considerable amount of water which generally induce certain
impact on the local water source.
4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 2
Mechanical erection work involves extensive use of mechanical equipment for storage, transportation,
erection and on-site fabrication work. These activities generally produce some air contaminants and
noise pollution. On the other hand, the electrical work is less polluting in general.
4.1.3
Activities during Operational Phase

The operation of the project which, in other words would imply loading, unloading, production and
storage operations at the site, would have a certain impact on discreet environmental attributes, which
are discussed in the following sections.
The process description including quantum of pollution loads from liquid and the gaseous effluents
considering their proposed environmental control measures has been discussed earlier in detail.
4.1.4
Impacts on Soils during Construction

All the major construction activities tend to create certain changes in the soils of the area. Excavation
denudes the top soil and makes it loose. Destruction of top soil leads to reduction of fertility and
removal of vegetation cover with associated hazards of soil erosion.
During storms, some of the excavated soil and construction materials such as sand etc. would be
blown up in the air and dispersed around the project site; some would also tend to be driven into the
soil and clog intergranular spaces.
However, in order to minimise such impacts, appropriate soil conservation measures would be
undertaken by the Project Authorities to minimise the chances of soil erosion. Vegetation cover would
also be replaced by planting trees, flowering plants & turfing wherever needed. Construction materials
would be stored in covered godowns or enclosed spaces. All efforts will be taken to avoid any
accidental oil spillage for construction machineries and appropriate storage for paints, varnish,
lubricating oil, compressed gases shall follow the prescribed safety norms. Felling of trees and their
branches by construction workers shall be prevented. Construction wastes shall be burnt or properly
disposed.
As such, the construction activities are proposed within the boundary of the Refinery Complex and the
amount of the productive soils the proposed site includes is marginal. Therefore, the impacts will be
minimum.
4.1.5
Impacts on Soils during Operation

The soil conditions of the project site would be allowed to stabilise during this period after the impacts
of the construction phase. The top soil in non-built-up areas would be restored and major portions of
the site would be subjected to the extensive plantations which would help in bonding together of the
soil, thus increasing its strength.
Soils can get seriously damaged by overflow, passage or application of the polluted waters containing
acids, alkalies, salts, oil, heavy metal, toxicants, suspended matter etc.
The impact of the pollutants on the soil quality may rather be a slow process but, it can sometimes
cause concern in the long run. The fall out of the heavy metals and the other pollutants present in the
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 3
dust emitted from the industries, traffic and other sources may accumulate in the soil, ultimately
affecting the trace metal balance of the soil and the plant growth. To some extent, such accumulation
could also prove to be beneficial to plant growth but, beyond a certain limit, the pollutant concentration
may be deleterious to vegetation. Since majority of the study area is actually under cultivation, it shall
be of utmost importance to ensure that no degradation of agricultural soils shall result from the
industrial or other types of pollution.
The porosity of the soil is nowhere affected by the refinery or any other industrial discharges or
emissions. The flood plain area soils had less porosity due to the larger content of the sand particles.
It can be inferred that pH and conductivity are not affected by the industrial emissions in the study
area.
There was no remarkable variation observed on the main plant nutrients at various locations due to
the industrial or the urban activities. The higher concentration observed at a few locations, however,
was due to higher fertilizer application by the farmers. These higher concentrations were in a healthy
desirable range and would support plant growth rather than cause any adverse effects.
With the slightest apprehension if BR Effluent impact on the locations around out fall due to surface
run off during flooding and seepages, if any, could result in serious deterioration of soil quality, a field
visit was made and it was observed that there was no such impact and the interaction with farmers
revealed that there was no any yield reduction or soil deterioration and they are getting their yield as
ever before.
Around the refinery, there may be expected adverse impact at areas close to the burrow pit where BR
coker stream and the waste water due to the small scale unit operations located at the Barauni
Industrial Area, are discharged. However, around burrow pit, there was no agricultural field and hence,
any adverse impact could not be ascertained. Sludge is processed through Mechanised Skid
Process, wherein the residual oily sludge oil content is in the range of only 5-10%. The residual oily
sludge generated will be harmlessly degraded into waste and carbon dioxide using a process called
bio-remediation, wherein the sludge is spread out on earmarked site and a bacterial consortium
oilivorous S is applied along with nutrients. The added nutrients speed up the process. In a period of
10-12 weeks, the oily sludge is bio-degraded and the site is used again for a fresh phase of bioremediation of additional new sludge. The quality of soil at the Bio-remediation site is checked
regularly w.r.t. accumulation of heavy metals. Also, underground water quality is checked in the
periphery of the site. So far, no adverse impact has been found.
In overall, one can easily infer that there is no evidence of the industrial or the urban activities in the
study area having any adverse impact on the soil quality.
4.1.6
Conclusion
There was no impact observed on the physical as well as the chemical characteristics of the soil at all
locations, due to industrial/urban activities.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 4
Interaction with the farmers too revealed that there was hardly any adverse impact on their field due to
the industrial development. In overall, the industrial development had no negative role to play on the
soil quality of the study area.
4.1.7
Impacts on Landuse during Construction

Preparatory activities like use of the existing access roads with/without improvements and construction
of the temporary offices, quarters and godowns, piling, storage of construction materials etc. will be
confined within the project area. These will not generally exercise any significant impact except
altering the land use pattern of the proposed site. There will be no impact on the adjoining land.
However, dust and noise may sometimes create nuisance in the surrounding areas.
No additional land will be required as all additional plants, storage and expansion shall be confined
within the existing boundary limits of the refinery land. As a result, the impact on landuse would be
very insignificant and any impact due to construction will be confined within the complex and will not
hamper the landuse aspects outside.
4.1.8
Impacts on Landuse during Operation

As stated earlier, the project site being within the refinery boundary is designated as the industrial
land. The site, after the completion of its development, would consist of the built structures, neatly
landscaped to lead to a pleasing outlook. Moreover, the piece of the land being situated in the heart of
the Refinery Complex, would necessarily mingle with the immediately adjacent landuse of the area. It
would be noted that the vicinity consists of various facilities of similar nature.
Following a long and hectic construction phase, the temporarily modified landuse pattern, such as the
construction of the temporary tents to accommodate some construction personnel would gradually
stabilise itself during the operation stage. Land released from the construction activities would be put
to economic and aesthetic use to hasten recovery from the adverse impacts.
Plantation of the trees in the open spaces would add a different dimension to the existing landscape of
the open vacant lands and would provide a visual comfort.
The operation of the plant already induced impacts on the land use pattern of the surrounding area.
Over a period of time, as the plant and services were established for the workers' population, it has
induced shift from the agricultural and the rural residential use surrounding the project to the industrial,
the commercial and the urban residential use.
4.2
4.2.1
IMPACTS ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER USE

Impacts on Hydrology during Construction
The piece of land to be developed is a small part of the whole Refinery Complex. Moreover, the storm
water drainage of the land piece is well developed as an integral part of the total such development of
the Complex. Therefore, the drainage pattern of overland water flow will not be changed due to the
site preparation involving alteration of the existing profile and the slope of the land.
Indian
Oil
4.2.2

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 5
Impacts on Hydrology during Operation

Appropriate drainage facilities have been developed within the plant including the proper disposal to
drains. Thus, operation of the complex is not likely to cause any impact on the surface water
hydrology.
Various processes and the other activities going on in the refinery require a large amount of the fresh
water. Apart from the industrial processes, there are several uses where water is required such as fire
water, service and drinking requirements etc. The water requirement at BR is met by the ground water
supplied through 9 nos. of the artesian tube wells installed in close proximity of the refinery boundary.
The abstraction of about 1397 m3/hr (1155 m3/hr for existing 6.0 MMTPA capacity and 242 m3/hr of
the additional water for the proposed projects) for use by Barauni Refinery should not cause any
concern about ground water depletion. The annual consumption by BR shall work out to be about 12
million m3. If one were to assume natural local recharge to be 13 cms. from about 12% of the annual
average rainfall of 1110 mm percolating to the underground water-table, all it would need is around 85
sq km. area to recharge the abstracted amount which is only 27% of the study area. Also, there is
considerable recharge from the river Ganga from the waste waters and from the Terai areas. The
ground water in this area is really copious and there need be absolutely no worry of any shortage of
water or lowering of the ground water table.
4.2.3
Impacts on Water Use during Construction

The water demand during the construction period will be met through the existing sources within the
project boundary and not likely to have impacts on other users.
4.2.4
Impacts on Water Use during Operation

The additional water requirement of the project will be met through the existing tubewells developed to
cater to the present demand, thus having no impact on the surrounding users as far as water use is
concerned.
The regular water requirement of the project is being met through a number of the dedicated tubewells
of the existing water supply scheme of the Refinery. Therefore, the impact on the other users is
considered insignificant.
4.3
IMPACTS ON METEOROLOGY
Emissions are not likely to alter the meteorology of the area. However, the emitted heat through the
stacks may marginally raise the temperature of the atmosphere in a very localised pocket, which will
not have any significant impact on the surrounding area.
During construction, the preparatory activities like excavation, backfilling and hauling operations are
likely to emit the considerable amount of dust into air. In addition, some of the excavated soil, the
exposed top soil and the construction material such as sand etc. would be blown up in the air by wind.
These are likely to reduce the visibility of the area in a very localised pocket, which will be intangible
with respect to the microclimate of the area. However, as the dust suppression methods, mainly
sprinkling of water will be taken up, such impacts will be insignificant.
Indian
Oil
4.4
4.4.1

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 6
IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY

Impacts during Construction
Large quantities of water will be used in the construction process, of which a significant portion will
drain out as the wastewater.
Adequate arrangements already exist to ensure the proper drainage of the wastewater from the
construction sites so that such waters neither form stagnant pools nor aggravate soil erosion.
With regards to the water quality, the wastewater from the construction activities would mostly contain
suspended solids. The other pollutants, which may find their way to it will be in insignificant
concentrations and may be safely ignored.
As the waste waters would ultimately be treated in the existing ETP, excess suspended solids in the
waste- waters will be arrested before discharge.
4.4.2 Impacts during Operation

4.4.2.1 Ground Water
The chances of the groundwater contamination under the plant site is small because most chemicals
are used in the areas that are paved and water falling on those locations are subjected to treatment.
The seepage of the product or the raw materials and the chemicals into the groundwater is unlikely
under the normal operating condition.
As was discussed, there was no evidence of industrial / urban emissions / effluent affecting the ground
water quality. The monitored wells were comparatively shallow and get easily mingled with the surface
soil seepage and hence, had slightly higher conductivity.
4.4.2.2 Ganga Water
Background water quality has been found by actual sampling and analysis. The major water body
close to the project site is the River Ganga. Ganga receives the pollutional loads of domestic and
industrial waste waters as also agricultural run off.
The treated effluent of the refinery is discharged into it through an underground pipeline at Kasha
Diara, 5 km. Downstream of Rajendra Bridge. Presently, little quantity of the treated effluent is being
discharged into Ganga. The major portion is being recycled back to the refinery for various end uses.
Even after the installation of the proposed projects, this practice will continue and, hence, no impact
on the Ganga water is envisaged.
4.5
4.5.1
IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY

Particulate matter would be the predominant pollutant affecting the air quality during the construction
phase. The soil of the project area, being generally silty in texture, is likely to generate the
considerable quantities of dust, specially during the dry condition. Dust will be generated mainly during
excavation, back filling and hauling operations along with the transportational activities. Moreover,
wind in the area being high particularly during summer and monsoon, wind blown dust is expected to
have the tangible effects.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 7
Therefore, it is recommended that access roads be given suitable surface treatment to curb dustgeneration; sprinkling of water from trucks or other suitable means should be undertaken at the sites
for the suppression of the fugitive dust as and when needed.
4.5.2 Emissions during Operation
4.5.2.1 Sources of Emission
The major sources of emission in a refinery are a number of heaters in the different units. Fuel oil is
burnt in the heaters. Besides the heaters, the Captive Thermal Power Station also burns fuel oil to
raise steam for the power generation and supply of process steam. Naphtha/ diesel is also used as
fuel in GTs for power generation.
Existing Units
1) AVU I (Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation Unit)
2) AVU II (Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation Unit)
3) AVU III (Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation Unit)
4) DCU A (Delayed Coking Unit)
5) DCU B (Delayed Coking Unit)
6) CRU (Catalytic Reformer Unit)
7) FCCU (Fluidised Catalytic Cracking Unit)
8) DHTU (Diesel Hydrotreating Unit)
9) SRU (Sulphur Recovery Unit)
10) Hydrogen Generation Unit
Proposed Units
The following units are proposed to be installed which will contribute in generating the additional
emission:
4. FCC Gasoline Selective Hydro-treating (SHU)-Prime G + Unit
5. FCC Gasoline Hydro-desulphurisation Unit (HDS)-Prime G + Unit
Besides, there will be additional boiler for the power generation in the existing Thermal Power Station
to meet the future power requirement, which will result in the additional emission load.
Emissions pertaining to the existing condition/ load have also been considered in the modelling though
its contribution is already reflected in the baseline air quality. This is to provide a picture of the total
contribution of the refinery.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 8
4.5.2.2 Stack and Emission Characteristics

In the process, fuel oil and fuel gas is burnt in the heaters/furnaces at high temperatures. Besides the
heaters, the captive thermal power station (TPS) also burns fuel oil to raise steam in boilers for power
generation and supply process steam. Naphtha/ diesel is also used as fuel in GTs.
As a result, stack emissions would be constituted of mainly sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of
nitrogen (NOx). Other emissions like particulates (SPM) & carbon monoxide (CO) will be much lower
or negligible compared to SO2.
Considering stack characteristics pertaining to all the stacks (the existing and the future) it is evident
that there are 21 stacks of various heights ranging from 40 to 80.47 m with stack exit diameter varying
from 0.61 to 3.5 m. While stack gas temperature varies from 90 to 350C, the stack gas exit velocity
varies between 5.27 and 21.4 m/s.
The stack and emission characteristics pertaining to the existing and the future stacks are presented
in Table-4.1.
TABLE - 4.1
STACK & EMISSION CHARACTERESTICS
[Existing and Future Stacks]
S.N
Stack Attached To
Location of
Stacks
Co-ordinates
(m)
XYAXIS
AXIS
STACK
HeiInterght
nal
Dia
(m)
at
top
(m)
Flue
Gas
Temp
Exit
Velocity
SO2
EMISSION
NOx
EMISSION
(C)
(m/s)
(KG/HR)
(KG/HR)
EXISTING STACKS
1
AVU - 1
42
2.46
200
6.94
35.17
6.85
AVU-2
123
42
2.46
200
6.94
35.17
6.85
AVU-3
527
153
80.47
3.2
200
5.124
73.13
8.56
COKER-A
-138
-155
41.53
3.128
300
5.54
31.35
7.3
COKER-B
-338
65
57.62
2.27
300
7.89
26.25
5.47
CRU-R
537
-34
53
3.05
200
5.35
15.14
8.12
CRU-S
537
-101
60
1.65
200
5.42
26.59
2.41
FCCU (CH & COB)
503
-217
62.5
3.6
90
7.02
215.31
19.34
DHDT
663
-247
50
2.2
200
5.36
41.5
4.23
10
HGU
533
-247
40
2.3
180
5.27
0.85
4.75
11
GT-I
-483
-113
60
200
5.69
2.04
8.35
12
GT-II
-356
-192
60
200
5.69
2.04
8.35
Indian
Oil
S.N

at Barauni Refinery
Stack Attached To
13
SRU
14
15
Location of
Stacks
Co-ordinates
(m)
XYAXIS
AXIS
STACK
HeiInterght
nal
Dia
(m)
at
top
(m)
Flue
Gas
C4- 9
Temp
Exit
Velocity
SO2
EMISSION
NOx
EMISSION
(C)
(m/s)
(KG/HR)
(KG/HR)
826
77
1.3
300
5.47
40.24
1.24
STACK AT TPS
(EXISTING)
-523
-125
60
3.5
160
11.0
127.63
22.59
STACK OF VTH BOILER

(EXISTING)
-564
-125
60
1.5
160
21.4
127.63
10.58
PROPOSED STACKS
1
NHDT + SPLITTER
150
-200
60
0.97
350
7.62
1.85
0.89
HDS
150
-220
60
0.61
350
7.62
1.85
0.35
HGU
150
-300
40
2.3
180
7.62
0.5
6.87
NEW SRU
525
-500
60
1.37
300
7.62
51.81
1.93
BBU
STACK OF NEW
BOILER
450
60
1.68
350
7.62
1.29
2.66
-550
-100
80
2.2
180
21.4
177.25
30.23
1034.59
167.92
Total
4.5.3 Methodology for Prediction of GLCs

4.5.3.1 Mathematical Model and its Applicability
The refinery operation will emit gaseous pollutants from a number of stacks, which have the potential
to deteriorate the air quality of the area.
In order to evaluate the impact on ambient air quality due to such releases, the ground level
concentrations (GLCs) as a result of the plant emissions are evaluated through mathematical
modelling using computer-aided techniques.
The emission from stationary source is subjected to transport and diffusion process, which is
together termed as dispersion. The following processes govern the atmospheric dispersion of
pollutants:
a. an initial vertical rise called the plume rise due to initial thermal buoyancy and momentum of
discharge
b. transport by wind in its direction.
c.diffusion by turbulence.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 10
d. a number of physico-chemical processes such as gravitational settling, dry and wet deposition
which includes deposition on vegetation, chemical reactions, transformations and decomposition,
adsorption on deposited vapors, coagulation of particles, etc.
The ground level concentration (GLC) of pollutants due to emissions from stationary elevated
sources are computed using dispersion models, which are mathematical relations between the
source strength and concentration and involves parameters related to transport and diffusion. The
empirical Gaussian model is the widely used model in practice, which assumes that the parameters
governing the transport and diffusion do not change in space and time. In reality attention may have
to be given to several factors namely, existence of different stability classes at different heights,
change of terrain characteristics, change in the stability characteristics with time, existence of free
convection regions and strong wind sheers. Cognizance of these factors was taken in the best
possible way to suit the circumstances and the best possible estimates were obtained. The basic
Gaussian equation represents an ideal steady state of homogeneous meteorological conditions,
idealised plume geometry, uniform flat terrain, complete conservation of mass and exact Gaussian
dispersion, which never occurs in real situations. The equation is as follows:
C (x,y,z) = (Q/(.u.y.z)).exp(-y2/2y2). exp(-(z-H)2/2y2). exp(-(z+H)2/2y2)
where,
C = Concentration of pollutant in g/cu m at a point (x,y,z)
Q = Source strength in g/s (rate of pollutant release)
u = Horizontal wind speed in m/s at the source level
y & z = horizontal crosswind and vertical distance in meters from the plume centre line to the
receptors respectively
H = The effective stack height which means the sum of stack height and plume rise above the
stack.
The coordinate system is such that the origin (o,o,o) is at the source, X-axis is in the mean
downwind direction, Y-axis is in horizontal crosswind direction and Z-axis is in the vertical. The
quantities sigma y and sigma z are the standard deviations of the distribution of concentrations at `x' in
horizontal crosswind and vertical directions respectively. The quantity sigma y and sigma z increase
with increasing downwind distance `x', signifying that the dilution increases with distance. The rate at
which sigma y and sigma z increases with distance depends upon the turbulence intensity and hence
the stability of atmosphere. The concentration at any point downwind of the source is given by the
equation.
In case of multiple sources of emission, the receptors co-ordinate would change with respect to the
source of emission. In that case, a grid system is chosen which correspondingly selects the coordinates of the emission sources and those of the receptors. Both the Cartesian (x,y) or the Polar
(r,) system can be used. Cartesian system which is more convenient has been used in following
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 11
computations. With the change of wind direction, the downwind direction with respect to the receptor
changes and the x-axis needs to be changed accordingly.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) had published the "Guidelines for the micro-meteorological
techniques in air pollution studies" (IS-8824, 1478) though its use was limited. Central Pollution control
Board (CPCB) has also published Guidelines for Conducting Air Quality Modeling (PROBES/70/199798). It follows dispersion equations as stated above only specifying the equations and conditions to be
followed for different parameters e.g. use of Pasquil-Giffords stability classes, Briggs' equation for
effective stack height calculation and use of Irwin's formula to extrapolate measured wind speed to the
higher altitudes.
Industrial Source Complex Short Term, version 3 (ISCST3) dispersion model of Environment
Protection agency of USA is similar to CPCB's suggested model and has been used in the present
study. This is a quite advanced model which can take account of complex terrain, building downwash,
dry deposition, pollutant decay etc. It takes meteorological input for every hour and calculates
concentration at each receptor for one hour average. The desired average e.g. 24-hour average or
monthly averages can be obtained based on the hourly averages. The model does not consider any
factor for one hour average though the basic dispersion coefficients are for 3-15 minutes average.
There are different empirical factors suggested for correcting this base average concentration. In
absence of any suggestion in CPCB's guideline, the correction suggested in IS-8824 has been
included in the model.
It should always be considered that Gaussian plume dispersion models provide approximate results
because of number of assumptions and empirical equations being involved in the computation. The
models would predict results, which are mainly a guide for air quality decision.
4.5.3.2 Selection of Model Parameters
The dispersion coefficients in the horizontal/lateral plane (y) and vertical plane (z), as a function of
the downwind distance from the source and the stability class (A to F), have been computed using
Briggs' sigma functions applicable for rural conditions.
The wind speeds at stack height have been extrapolated from the wind speeds measured at 10
metres height using the Irwin's wind scaling law applicable for rural and other conditions, the exponent
depending on the stability class.
The effective stack heights have been computed using Briggs' plume rise formula with necessary
correction for stack tip down wash using the method suggested by Briggs.
The other crucial factor influencing the dispersion in atmosphere is the mixing height, the layer of
atmosphere where the dispersion is confined. The effect of mixing height has been considered in GLC
calculation in the form of plume penetration and plume trapping.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 12
4.5.3.3 Data Used for Modelling

The hourly meteorological data like ambient temperature, wind speed and wind direction used for air
quality modelling have been taken from such data generated through continuous on-site monitoring
during the study period (March 2007 June 2007).
The hourly mixing height data as well as the hourly occurrence of various atmospheric stability classes
which are used in the modelling exercise are based on such data generated through on-site Sodar
study conducted for May, 2000 representing summer season.
Various stack and emission data as presented in Table-4.1 have been used as inputs to the model.
The prediction of GLCs and corresponding impacts has been made for the emission figures mentioned
therein.
4.5.3.4 Modelling Procedure
As recommended by CPCB, radial pattern of receptor locations has been implemented using the polar
(r,) co-ordinate system with one of the sources as origin or Absolute Reference Point (ARP). The
locations of the receptors have then been defined with respect to 16 radial directions (N to NNW)
(angle of such directions measured anti-clockwise from East) and radial distance r from the ARP.
In this case, the stack attached to AVU-I has been considered as the ARP (Absolute Reference Point).
In each radial direction 15 nos. of receptor locations have been selected in recommended multiples of
average physical stack height. The maximum distance covered is 10 km, which has been seen
adequate to cover the maximum concentrations for this particular situation.
While computing the GLCs, the transformation of polar co-ordinates of the receptors into Cartesian coordinates has been performed by defining a Cartesian co-ordinate (x,y) system with origin at the ARP
of the polar co-ordinate system, x-axis along the East direction and y-axis along the North direction.
For multiple stack computation, the actual locations of the stacks have been defined in a Cartesian
grid system with origin at the ARP, x-axis along the East direction and y-axis along the North direction.
The inter-stack distances have been considered therein.
Since the contributions from different pollution sources are additive, the contributions of all sources at
a given receptor have been computed separately and then added to get the total concentration.
The modelling has been done for 2 cases:
Case I All 15 existing & 6 new stacks (Total 21 stacks)
Case II All 6 new stacks
4.5.3.5 Modelling Results
The absolute maximum of the predicted GLCs of SO2 & NOx for the 2 cases has been calculated as:
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 13
Predicted Maximum GLCs of various pollutants

Case I
SO2
NOx
Case II
SO2
NOx
Predicted Maximum GLC

Direction Distance (km)
GLC (g/m3)
66.99
ESE
1.4
9.4
E
1.3
Predicted Maximum GLC
Direction Distance (km)
GLC (g/m3)
16.17
ESE
1.1
2.95
E
0.7
Isopleths (iso- concentration plot) of SO2 & NOx plotted for the 2 cases are depicted in Figures 4.1
through 4.4.
4.5.4
Impacts on Air Quality during Operation

The absolute maximum of the predicted GLCs of SO2 & NOx would be about 67 & 9.4 g/m3
respectively, which will occur in future at a distance of about 1.1 1.4 kms, i.e., close to the plant
boundary.
This also includes the contributions from the existing operation of the plant though its contribution is
already reflected in the baseline ambient air quality, and thus provides a picture of the total
contribution of the plant.
The predicted maximum GLCs of SO2 & NOx due to operation of the plant, in any case, are within the
permissible limit of 80 g/m3 applicable for industrial areas as stipulated in the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards.
It may, therefore, be concluded that the setting up and operation of the proposed units will not cause
any intolerable impact on the ambient air quality.
4.6
4.6.1
IMPACTS ON NOISE
The construction phase will see the operation of light and heavy construction machineries, which are
known to emit sounds with moderate to huge decibel value. Careful planning of their operation is
required during this period so that minimum disturbances are caused. The construction personnel
should be located away from the major road traffic. Finally, green belts round the complex would serve
the dual purpose of checking fugitive dust as well as noise pollution. Moreover, residential areas being
mostly far away, no impact is apprehended.
4.6.2
Impacts during Operation

The ambient noise monitored in and around the project area revealed high noise levels over a twenty
four hour period, due to the extensive industrial, transportational and commercial activities in the area.
On the other hand, the operational activities are expected to generate unduly noise. The movement of
cars and a few trucks in the area and blowing of their horns would contribute to the machinery noise.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 14
However, neither the sound intensity nor its duration is expected to be large enough to cause any
undue disturbances to the habitat living inside and in close proximity to the site. As such, impact due
to noise on the adjacent area would not assume any significant dimension. This projection is already
evident from the baseline scenario.
Noise levels monitored within the BR Complex were lower than those monitored at urban areas, from
which it could be inferred that traffic and urban activities were the main sources of noise.
At present, BR has considered low noise generating equipments for their system. Accoustic logging,
accoustic barrier, accoustic shelter have already been provided to contain the noise level within the
desired level. Use of adequate personal protection equipments like ear plugs, ear muffs has been
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 15
Figure 4.1
Isopleth of SO2
(Case I Existing & New Stacks)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 16
Figure 4.2
Isopleth of SO2
(Case II New Stacks)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 17
Figure 4.3
Isopleth of NOx
(Case I Existing & New Stacks)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 18
Figure 4.4
Isopleth of NOx
(Case II New Stacks)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 19
strictly enforced. Besides, the chances of the working personnel exposed to the unwanted noise
environment have been minimised by adopting the shift rotation approach for the employees.
However, impacts on persons working very close to the industrial noise sources are likely, which shall
be minimised by providing with adequate protection in the form of ear plugs, ear muffs etc.
4.7
4.7.1
IMPACTS ON ECOLOGY
Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology during Construction
The impact of construction activities will be primarily confined to the project site. As stated earlier, the
existing site is a piece of vacant and barren industrial land confined within the boundary of the
Refinery Complex with very few sparsely distributed non- commercial tree species. The site does not
involve any forest land. Thus, the site development works will not lead to any significant loss of any
important taxa.
Removal of top soil often leads to soil erosion. Deposition of fugitive dust on pubescent leaves of
nearby vegetation may lead to temporary reduction of photosynthesis. Such impacts will, however, be
confined mostly to the initial periods of the construction phase.
The entire complex would be extensively landscaped with a variety of taxa, the planning of which has
started and have already resulted in some plantations at site.
Only few species of common birds are sited in and around the site. No wild life sanctuary is involved in
the site and vicinity. Therefore, there is no likely tangible impacts from higher noise and emissions
during construction on the common animals and birds in the area.
4.7.2
Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology during Operation

The baseline status of terrestrial flora and fauna within the study area has been drawn up earlier. As
such, there is no forest or wild life santuary in the study area. The study area is dominated by
industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential landuse.
Extensive landscaping involving plantations of carefully chosen trees, shrubs and herbs would be
undertaken in and around the site. This would not only restore any loss in ecology of the area, but also
sufficiently enhance the floral status around the site.
The harmful effects of such air pollutants as SPM, SO2, NOx in affecting growth and other similar functions of trees, either singularly or synergistically is well known. However, such effects are experienced
only at high levels. The levels of pollutants expected to be maintained around the project site are
much lower and are not envisaged to cause any such stress.
To study the impact of the Refinery on crops in the study area, a number of representative locations
were surveyed, which are discussed earlier in details. From the results, one can infer that there was
no visible adverse impacts on the cultivated trees due to industries. However, road side plantation
showed slight dust deposition due to vehicular movement. As for crop, though SO2 had no impact,
high SPM had certain impact and reduced yield. No specific impact on vegetables was found.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 20
It may, therefore, be concluded that, the proposed projects, which will not involve SPM emission will
have no impact on the trees or crops.
4.7.3
Impacts on Aquatic Ecology during Construction

As the water quality of the surface water bodies is not likely to change significantly due to the
construction activities, no substantial impact on the aquatic life is expected.
4.7.4
Impacts on Aquatic Ecology during Operation

To assess the nature of impact of Refinery effluent discharge on the aquatic ecology including bioproductivity of river Ganga, field studies were conducted at two relevant locations on the river. From
the findings discussed earlier, one can conclude that BR discharge had negligible impact on the water
quality of the river. BR has taken measures to reuse the treated effluent. At present, no effluent is
being discharged into river Ganga.
As discussed earlier, no tangible effects are expected to be observed on the water quality of the river
Ganga due to any industrial discharge from the project. As such, the existing aquatic biota of the river
are not expected to suffer any undue stress due to the said activities.
4.7.5
Conclusion
As observed from the present status of terrestrial flora and fauna, it appears that the proposed
projects will not cause any significant damage and, in no way, will reduce the diversity of terrestrial
flora and fauna.
There will neither be any drastic change in number nor any health injuries of domestic animals in the
vicinity due to the proposed projects.
As the additional refinery effluent will be recycled back to the refinery after proper treatment and not
discharged into the Ganga, there will have no adverse impact on the ecology of the river.
The proposed projects will not have any adverse effect on the agricultural environment.
4.8
4.8.1
IMPACTS ON DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIOECONOMICS

A sizeable workforce comprising skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labourers will be needed at the
peak period of construction phase. Significant number of semiskilled and unskilled labourers may be
recruited from the nearby areas. This will create employment opportunities in the areas. Some
competition for workers during construction phase is, therefore, anticipated.
Only few special categories of skilled personnel may be brought to site from outside the locality,
proper housing / accommodation is possible in the established town on rent. No appreciable impact is
anticipated.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 21
Even, if the temporary accommodation of migrant skilled and semi-skilled workers requires a
construction camp, it will be located in the project area. Therefore, it may not cause any significant
social stress, though some degradation in the physical environment would be unavoidable.
This activity, for the proposed project, will cover the arrangements for the construction workers. Most
of the work in construction phase is labour intensive. As most of the job will be done by contractors, it
will be ensured that the contractors workers are provided with proper facilities including sanitation and
drinking water supply. Since most of labour force will be drawn from established neighbourhood, no
new environmental problem is anticipated.
There are no permanent residents within the project area and as such, the project would not result in
any oustees who have to be provided with adequate rehabilitation/ compensation by the Project
Authorities. This is a redeeming feature of the project.
The construction materials like stone chips and sand will be procured locally. The other important
materials like cement, steel will be procured through various sources. Thus there is a possibility of
local employment generation, though temporary. There will be hardly any pollution problem due to this
activity.
There are several ill effects of certain constructional activities towards the environment, which have
already been stated. If proper and effective control measures are taken in time, these pollution
potentials would be mitigated to a large extent, or neutralised. As the construction phase has a very
short time span in comparison with the operation phase, it would not have any long term effect.
Moreover, the different groups of people engaged in different construction activities will leave the
place after specified time span, so the environmental consequences of these activities are not properly
quantified.
These are the main things that all the people will need. Adequate and timely supply of drinking water
will not disturb resources in the area.
4.8.2
Impacts during Operation

The labour force involved during construction phase is likely to be replaced by more skilled manpower
to operate and maintain the plant.
Some additional manpower will be required during the operation of the additional plant units, most of
which will be migrant in nature involving an increase in total population in the area. However,
compared to the semi- urban nature and high population density in the vicinity, the impacts on the
demographic fabric of the area will be negligible.
Large beneficial impacts in terms of gross economic yield shall accrue. In addition, gross economic
yield shall increase through increase in agricultural produce, animal husbandry produce, high income
group and through marketing multiplier effect. The benefits accrued shall be obviously tremendous in
local as well as regional context.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C4- 22
BR has been paying special attention to improve the socioeconomic environment in the neighbouring
areas. It has contributed a lot in uplifting the standard of rural and urban areas as listed below :
-
Provision of handpumps and erection of well in neighbouring rural areas.

Promotion of health care facilities in the surrounding villages.
Financial assistance to Begusarai Municipality in constructing and repairing the national high
way.
Conducting Kala - Azar prevention programme.
Medical facilities of the rural areas were observed to be unsatisfactory. It was also learnt that BR has
spent money under rural development programme including medical facilities to rural areas.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C5- 1
CHAPTER-5
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
5.1
NEED FOR MONITORING

It is imperative that the Project Authorities set up regular monitoring stations to assess the ambient
levels in relevant areas of environment after the commissioning of the project. An environmental
monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information on the following aspects:
i) It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.
ii) It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations, and thus,
provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures.
The monitoring programme in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections, has been
based on the findings of the impact assessment studies, described earlier.
5.2 RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

5.2.1 Meteorology
Meteorology forms one of the important categories of environment in the area as it directly controls the
levels of air quality parameters particularly wind speed and direction. As such, a meteorological
observatory of continuous recording type should be set up at a suitable location within the plant for
monitoring of relevant parameters. The observatory includes equipments for monitoring of temperature,
wind speed and wind direction.
5.2.2 Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring of ambient air quality should be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the levels of
harmful pollutants in the atmosphere, as air quality could represent one of the worst affected
environmental disciplines due to the plant operations.
5.2.3 Stack Emissions
Stack emissions should also be monitored, particularly to ascertain that emissions are within the
stipulated level. Sampling techniques appropriate for stack monitoring should be employed with the
monitoring being undertaken during operation at peak load with the frequency of once in a month.
5.2.4 Liquid Effluents
Samples should be collected from the effluent discharge channel of the plant once a month and
analysed in accordance with the parameters stated in IS 2490 (Part- I) and MINAS, to ensure that the
effluent quality meets the stipulated standards for discharge into inland surface waters.
5.2.5 Noise Levels
Ambient noise levels should be monitored within the plant at a frequency of once every season for one
year, in order to compare the existing noise levels with the stipulated limits specified in the Gazzette
Notification of December, 1989.
5.0 Environmental Monitoring Program
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C5- 2
5.3
5.3.1
MONITORING CONDUCTED
Stack Emission
Existing stacks are monitored for the parameters SO2, NOx, particulates, nickel & vanadium with the
frequency of once in a month (nickel & vanadium once in two months). The gaseous effluents from the
additional stacks shall also be monitored similarly.
5.3.1
Ambient Air
Ambient air quality is being monitored inside the plant at 5 stations and at the township at 1 location
with the frequency of twice in a week. SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, NH3 and CO are monitored.
Installation of Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station
As per Bihar State Pollution Control Board directive, a continuous monitoring station is to be
established for 24 hours observation of the air quality. Accordingly, a continuous air quality monitroing
station is being built wherein SO2, NOx, HC, SPM and Benzene Parameters will be logged. The
facility will be commissioned by September'08.
5.3.3
Liquid Effluent
Treated effluent before discharge are monitored and analysed on the daily basis for the parameters
required for MINAS.
5.3.4
Noise
Noise monitoring is being conducted at 40 (forty) locations inside and outside the plant with a
frequency of every six (6) months.
5.3.5
Fugitive Emission
Fugitive Emission Monitoring for Hydrocarbons is conducted at around fifteen hundred (1500)
locations inside the plant with a frequency of every three (3) months.
5.3.6
Work Zone Monitoring

The parameters like SO2, CO, H2S, benzene and Hydrocarbons are monitored at twenty one (21)
locations in the work zone areas of the plant with a frequency of every three (3) months.
5.3.7
Ground Water Quality

To assess the ground water quality, around the refinery, monitoring is conducted at twelve (12)
locations on monthly basis.
5.3.8
Sludge Analysis
Oily sludge and bio sludge are monitored for several physical and chemical parameters with the
frequency of every four (4) months.
5.4
RECOMMENDED ADDITIONAL MONITORING

As discussed above, monitoring of emission from additional stacks should be added to the existing
monitoring activities. The frequency and parameters are just discussed.
5.0 Environmental Monitoring Program
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 1
CHAPTER-6
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
(RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN)
6.1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains the generic Disaster Management Plan (DMP) as required under item 11,
Schedule II of the Environmental Impact Notification, 1994 of Ministry of Environment and Forests,
Govt of India.
6.2
DEFINITION OF DISASTER/EMERGENCY
The word 'disaster' is synonymous with 'emergency' as defined by the Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MOEF). An emergency occurring in the Barauni Refinery (here in after referred to as "Plant")
is one that may affect several sections within it and / or may cause serious injuries, loss of lives,
extensive damage to environment or property or serious disruption outside the plant. It will require the
best use of internal resources and the use of outside resources to handle it effectively. It may happen
usually as the result of a malfunction of the normal operating procedures. It may also be precipitated
by the intervention of an outside force such as a cyclone, flood, or deliberate acts of arson or
sabotage.
6.3
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The plant is located in Begusarai district of Bihar. The site is located at about 8 km. of the river Ganga.
As the site including its geographic location, administrative location, communication, physiographic
characteristics, climate etc has been elaborated earlier, it has not been separately reproduced here.
The plant is provided with adequate fire protection system, central electronic control system, alarm
and trip provisions for pumps, compressors, storage vessels etc, gas detection system with alarm and
trip provision, automatic spray system for storage, bottling and filling and automatic safe shut down
system.
More details regarding the project and facilities is available earlier in chapter captioned "Project
Description". Layout plan of the plant is depicted in Figure-2.1. The roads inside the terminal have
been depicted therein. The overall transportation system is described earlier in details.
6.4
6.4.1
POSSIBLE EMERGENCIES
Hazardous Materials Handled
The hazardous materials which are handled at the plant include among others crude oil, LPG,
Naphtha, MS, Gasoline, HSD, Fuel Oil, Ammonia, Hydrogen, Chlorine etc. As per the hazard
classification, following types of hazardous materials are handled:
6.0 Additional Studies (Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan)
Indian
Oil
6.5

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 2
Flammable gases: Chemicals which in the gaseous state at normal pressure and mixed with air
become flammable and the boiling point of which at normal pressure is 20oC or below.
Highly flammable liquids: Chemicals, which have a flash point, lower than 23oC and the boiling
point of which at normal pressure is above 20oC.
Flammable Liquids: Chemicals which have a flash point lower than 65oC and which remain
liquids under pressure, where particular processing conditions, such as high pressure and high
temperature, may create major accident hazards.
Explosives: Chemicals, which may explode under the effect of flame or which, are more sensitive
to shocks or friction than dinitro benzene.
RISK ANALYSIS
Risk is defined as the consequences of a particular activity in relation to the likelihood that this may
occur. Risk measurement or analysis thus comprises of two variables:
1)
2)
Magnitude of consequences of certain accident and

Probability of occurrence of this accident
Probability of a certain accident depends on the probability of failure of a plant component including
human error/failure and failure of designed counter measures.
Probability of a certain consequence depends on the probability of weather/stability class, probability
of wind direction, probability of ignition in case of a fire or explosion, and finally probability of being
injured or killed which depends on the damage criteria and escape factors.
6.5.1
Risk Analysis Methodology

The four normal components of a risk analysis study are:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Identification of hazards and accident scenarios

Calculation of physical effects and consequences
Estimation of the probabilities and frequencies
Risk assessment and calculation of risk levels
Major chemical hazards are generally considered to be of two types:

-
Flammable (fire, explosion etc)

Toxic (toxic gas cloud)
Where there is the potential for gas/vapour releases, there is also the potential for explosions. These
often produce overpressures which can cause fatalities, both through direct action on the body or
through plant and building damage.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 3
Accidental release of flammable or toxic vapours can result in severe consequences. Delayed ignition
of flammable vapours can result in blast overpressures covering large areas. This may lead to
extensive loss of life and property. Toxic clouds may cover yet larger distances due to the lower
threshold values in relation to those in case of explosive clouds (the lower explosive limits).
In contrast, fires have localised consequences. Fires can be put out or contained in most cases; there
are few mitigating actions one can take once a vapour cloud gets released. Major hazards arise,
therefore, consequent upon the release of flammable or toxic vapours or BLEVE in case of
pressurised liquefied gases.
Various studies such as Hazard and operability studies, Event tree analysis, `What-if' analysis etc are
normally applied for the identification of potential hazards.
Inventory plays an important role in regard to the potential hazards. Larger the inventory of a vessel or
a system, larger is the quantity of potential release. A practice commonly used to generate an incident
list is to consider potential leaks and major releases from fractures of pipelines and vessels containing
sizable inventories of flammable/toxic materials.
The range of possible releases for a given component covers a wide spectrum, from a pinhole leak
upto a catastrophic rupture (of a vessel) or full bore rupture (of a pipe). It is both time consuming and
necessary to consider every part of the range; instead, representative failure cases are generated. For
a given component these should represent fully both the range of possible releases and their total
frequency.
In general, the following typical types of failures are considered:
-
Rupture for vessels

Full bore rupture for pipes
Large leaks (mainly connection failures), 100 mm equivalent diameter
Small and Very small leaks (due to corrosion, impact and other such cases), 25 and 5 mm
equivalent diameter leaks respectively.
For this type of analysis, a screening process is also implemented. This ensures that attention is
focused on events with potential to cause fatalities. All events which do not have the potential to
generate consequences are eliminated at this stage.
When the appropriate inputs are defined, the software calculates the source terms of each release,
such as the release rate, release velocity, release phase and drop size. These source term
parameters then become inputs to the consequence modelling.
6.5.2
Selection of Accident Scenarios

Only a few different types of process plant components are of importance in hazard analysis, and only
a few failure cases for each component are of importance for consequence analysis.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 4
The process of incident selection is to construct an appropriate and representative set of

accident/incident scenarios (failure cases) for the study from the initial list that has been generated by
the enumeration process. An appropriate set of incidents is the minimum number of incidents needed
to satisfy the requirements of the study and adequately represent the spectrum of incidents
enumerated.
6.5.3
Calculation of Physical Effects and Consequences

In order to undertake this study, the well-known DET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV), ISO 9000 certifying
agency's computer software WHAZAN-II, version-2.1 has been used to simulate behaviours of
accidental release of chemicals and its effects. Using the failure case data developed, the program
undertakes consequence calculations for each identified incident or failure case.
The software initially models the dispersion of the released material irrespective of whether it is
flammable or toxic. For flammable materials, the software then proceeds to determine the effect zones
for the various possible outcomes of such a release. The extent of effect zone depends on the
acceptable damage criteria.
6.5.4 Consequence Analysis, Results and Discussion

6.5.4.1 Data And Assumptions For Consequence Analysis
Based on the guidelines provided in the WHAZAN-II Manual, DNV Technica, the following data and
assumptions have been used during the process of consequence analysis and risk assessment:
-
Product compositions taken for calculation of release rates and dispersion are:
a) Naphtha characterised as n-Hexane
b) MS characterised as n-Heptane
For, if the hazardous material is a mixture of components, it must be characterised as a single

component, erring where necessary on the conservative side.
-
The calculations were carried out for following stability classes and wind velocity combinations:
B - 3 m/s
E - 1 m/s
The meteorological data like predominant wind direction, mean temperature & relative humidity have
been taken, as discussed in Chapter-3.5.
-
Damage criteria (Thermal damage criteria, Overpressure damage criteria etc.) has been adopted
in this study.
Exposure duration of 30 seconds has been adopted in case of fires, based on the assumption that
the exposed persons will have found shelter or protection from the heat radiation or run away to
safe distance within this time.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 5
Catastrophic rupture of vessels will lead to instantaneous/rapid release of the entire inventory of
the vessel. And releasing material will ignite immediately in case of catastrophic rupture or failure
of storage vessel.
Leaks in pipelines connected to vessels are assumed to occur at the base of the vessels and have
been treated as same as the leaks of same size in vessels.
A constant release rate is assumed over the entire duration. In general, a duration of 10 minutes
has been taken for releases that can be isolated (DNV Technica).
In case of boiling liquids aerosols formation due to evaporation has been assumed to be of similar
amount as of aerosols formation due to and initial flash vaporisation due to boiling.
6.5.4.2 Final List of Incident Scenarios and Consequences

Based on the hazard identification and MCA analysis, a final short list of incident scenarios is
obtained, which are given in Table-6.1 below. Physical effects and consequences are calculated for
these scenarios using various models available within the software package WHAZAN-II.
Table-6.1 Credible Accident Scenarios, Release Conditions and Consequences
SN Scenario Description and Release Condition
Consequences
Isomerisation Unit:
1 ISOM feed surge drum outlet line failure (hydro-treated naphtha release at Jet flame, VCE
40C, 3 kg/cm2g)
2 ISOM unit hydrogen dryer outlet line failure (H2 release through assumed 3 Jet flame, VCE
line at 39C, 40 kg/ cm2g)
FCC Gasoline Selective Hydro-treating Unit (SHU)- Prime G + Unit:
3 SHU feed surge drum outlet line failure (naphtha release at 45C, 1.4
Jet flame, VCE
2
kg/cm g)
FCC Gasoline Hydro-desulphurisation Unit (HDS)- Prime G + Unit:
4 HDS feed drum outlet line failure (naphtha release at 76C, 1.6 kg/cm2g)
Jet flame, VCE
Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU):
5 Naphtha Feed Surge Drum outlet line failure (Naphtha release through hole Jet flame, VCE
of 2 equivalent dia at 40C, 3.5 kg/cm2g)
6 HGU pre-reformer outlet line gasket failure (naphtha release through 2 leak Jet flame, VCE
at 507C, 28.3 kg/cm2g)
Off-site Storage Facilities:
7 5000 KL MS tank on fire
Tank fire
8 3000 KL ATF tank on fire
Tank fire
9 5000 KL MS tank bottom line 4 leak
Pool Fire
10 3000 KL ATF tank bottom line 4 leak
Pool Fire
11 225 KL Hydrogen Bullet Catastrophic failure
BLEVE/Fireball
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 6
6.5.4.3 Scenariowise Consequence Analysis and Discussion

BLEVEs/Fireballs
Hydrogen will be stored in pressurised condition at atmospheric temperature as liquids. BLEVE
scenarios are considered for such boiling liquids because if any heat source is available near the
storage tanks, which may increase the pressure inside the tanks and leads to catastrophic rupture of
the tanks resulting in instantaneous evaporation of a substantial inventory followed by immediate fire
and explosion of considerable damage potential.
Detailed computations for BLEVE scenarios for Hydrogen storage tanks involved here have been
carried out. Outcomes of such consequence analysis comprising of BLEVE duration, fireball diameter
and damage distances of different fatality and damage levels are presented in Table-6.2.
11 225 KL Hydrogen bullet catastrophic failure
Safe Distence
1st Degree
1% Fatality
50% Fatality
99% Fatality
Fireball Duration (sec)
Flammable Mass (kg)

Fireball Diameter (m)
Table-6.2 Outcomes of Consequence Analysis- BLEVEs/Fireballs

Sc Scenario Description
Thermal Damage Distance
No
(m)
from Centre of Fireball for
16400 149 11.5 358 429 602 967 1562
The effect distances for the different levels of heat dose have been worked out for each of the BLEVE
scenarios for the following fatality and damage:
65 kW.s/m2
125 kW.s/m2
950 kW.s/m2
2375 kW.s/m2
5900 kW.s/m2
: no discomfort, safe distance

: 1st degree burn, limit for plant operators
: 1% fatality, limit for piloted ignition (secondary fire)
: 50% fatality, limit for non-piloted ignition
: 99% fatality, heavy damage to plant equipment
The thermal effect distances for three different levels of fatality (99%, 50% and 1%), for first degree
burns and for safe distance have been worked out for each of the release scenarios from the heat
dose units and the exposure duration equal to the BLEVE duration.
In case of BLEVE pertaining to Bullet, the diameter and duration of fireball are found to be 149 m and
11.5 sec respectively. The maximum thermal damage distances for 99%, 50% and 1% fatality are
found to be about 358, 429 and 602 m respectively, while the maximum damage distance for first
degree burns is about 967 m from the centre of the fireball.
It can be seen that people on-site as well as off-site are at risk from such devastating BLEVEs. Since
duration of such events is very small hardly any time is available to mitigate the event. The only way to
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 7
reduce risk of such potentially severe consequences is to take appropriate safety measures right at
the detail design stage and preventive measures during operation and maintenance.
Tank Fires
Tank fire of the storage tanks may be considered as credible accident. Therefore, detailed
computations of tank fire of the relevant tanks involved have been carried out. Outcomes of such
consequence analysis comprising of the distances for different heat radiation levels are presented in
Table-6.3.
5000 KL MS tank (containing MS) on fire
3000 KL ATF tank (containing ATF) on fire
18
15
12
12
24
18
14
12
37
24
14
12
52
33
18
15
61
42
33
23
1.6 kW/m2
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
3
1
3
1
12.5 kW/m2
22.
7
22.
7
25.0 kW/m2
Wind Speed (m/s)

37.5 kW/m2
Tank Diameter (m)
Table-6.3 Outcomes of Consequence Analysis- Tank Fires

Thermal Damage Distance (m)
No
from Centre of Tank for
Heat Radiation Level
96
63
54
36
The effect distances for the different levels of heat radiation have been worked out for each of the tank
fire scenarios for the following fatality and damage:
1.6 kW/m2
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2

: limit for unprotected adjoining equipment
Based on past experience, it is found that peak level of radiation intensity will not occur suddenly.
Rather 20-30 minutes time will be required before a tank fire grows into full size which is sufficient
even for public to run away to safe distance. From these considerations, the limit of 4.5 kW/m2 heat
radiation level for public beyond the plant boundary has been selected for such fires.
For similar fire size, the effect distances for 3 m/s wind is significantly larger than those distances for 1
m/s wind due to tilting of the flame in higher wind speeds.
In case of tank fire pertaining to the 5000 KL MS tank, the maximum damage distance for first degree
burn under 3 m/s wind is found to be about 61 m. In similar condition, the maximum damage distance
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 8
for thermally unprotected adjoining equipment is about 52 m and the maximum damage distance for
1% fatality/ secondary fire is about 37 m. Under 1 m/s wind speed the respective maximum damage
distances are about 42 m, 33 m and 24 m.
In case of tank fire pertaining to the 3000 KL ATF tank, the maximum damage distance for first degree
burn under 3 m/s wind is found to be about 33 m. In similar condition, the maximum damage distance
for thermally unprotected adjoining equipment is about 18 m and the maximum damage distance for
1% fatality/ secondary fire is about 14 m. Under 1 m/s wind speed, the respective maximum damage
distances are about 23 m, 15 m and 12 m.
The thermal damage circle diagrams for various tank fire scenarios have been shown in Figures-6.1
to 6.2.
It can be seen that only on-site people are at risk of thermal injury and burn from such tank fires. In
addition, the incident heat radiation from such tank fires may cause thermal damage to neighbouring
equipment, particularly control instruments.
The only way to mitigate these potential consequences is by reducing the emergency response time to
a bare minimum through installation of thermal sensor triggered shut down and fire fighting system at
strategic locations in the plant.
Pool/Bund Fires
Flammable liquids like MS and ATF which have boiling point above ambient temperature are stored
under atmospheric temperature and pressure. Continuous release of such non-boiling liquids due to
leaks in the tanks or pipelines will form a flammable confined pool within the bunded area or an
unconfined irregular pool in absence of any bund which may ignite to a pool/bund fire.
Should the ignition take place with sufficient delay, enough for the pool to vaporise to form some
flammable vapour cloud and spread downwind, it may result in a flash fire accompanied by a pool fire.
Detailed computations for pool fire scenarios for MS and ATF have been carried out. Outcomes of
such consequence analysis comprising of pool diameter and distances for different heat radiation
levels are presented in Table-6.4.
The effect distances for the different levels of heat radiation have been worked out for each of the
pool/bund fire scenarios for the following fatality and damage:
1.6 kW/m2
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2

Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 9
5000 KL MS tank bottom line 4 leak
10 3000 KL ATF tank bottom line 4 leak
3
1
3
1
50
50
50
50
41
32
22
19
69
42
22
19
82
59
31
23
1.6 kW/m2
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
Wind Speed (m/s)

Pool Diameter (m)
Table-6.4 Outcomes of Consequence Analysis- Pool/Bund Fires

Thermal Damage Distance
No
(m)
From Centre of Pool for
98 147
77 109
58 92
39 64
Based on past experience it is found that peak level of radiation intensity will not occur suddenly.
Rather 20-30 minutes time will be required before a bund or pool fire grows into full size which is
sufficient even for public to run away to safe distance. From these considerations, the limit of 4.5
kW/m2 heat radiation level for public beyond the plant boundary has been selected for such fires.
For similar pool size, the effect distances for 3 m/s wind is significantly larger than those distances for
1 m/s wind due to tilting of the flame in higher wind speeds.
In case of pool fire spread over the entire bund area of 50 m diameter (bund fire) of the 5000 KL MS
tank, the maximum damage distance for first degree burn under 3 m/s wind is found to be about 98 m.
In similar condition, the maximum damage distance for thermally unprotected adjoining equipment is
about 82 m and the maximum damage distance for 1% fatality/ secondary fire is about 69 m. Under 1
m/s wind speed, the respective maximum damage distances are about 77 m, 59 m and 42 m.
The thermal damage circle diagrams for various pool/bund fire scenarios have been shown in
Figures-6.3 to 6.4.
It can be seen that only on-site people are at risk of thermal injury and burn from such pool fires. In
addition, the incident heat radiation from such pool fires may cause thermal damage to neighbouring
a bare minimum through installation of thermal sensor triggered shut down and fire fighting system at
strategic locations in the plant.
Jet Flames
Continuous release of flammable vapour like naphtha and gas like hydrogen from hole in a pressure
vessel/pipeline will possess enough velocity to form a jet. Immediate ignition of such jet of flammable
material will result in only jet flame or jet fire. However, delayed ignition will result in jet flame of the
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 10
emerging jet of flammable vapour/gas as well as vapour cloud explosion (VCE) of the flammable
vapour/gas cloud formed due to delay in ignition.
Detailed computations for jet flame scenarios for hydrogen and naphtha have been carried out.
Outcomes of such consequence analysis comprising of flame length and distances for different heat
radiation levels are presented in Table-6.5.
1
2
3
4
5
6
ISOM feed surge drum outlet line failure (hydro-treated

naphtha release)
ISOM unit hydrogen dryer outlet line failure (H2 release)
SHU feed surge drum outlet line failure (naphtha
release)
HDS feed drum outlet line failure (naphtha release)
Naphtha Feed Surge Drum outlet line failure (Naphtha
release)
HGU pre-reformer outlet line gasket failure (naphtha
release)
1.6 kW/m2
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2
Flame Length (m)
Table-6.5 Outcomes of Consequence Analysis- Jet Flames

Thermal Damage Distance (m)
No
from Centre of Equipment for
36
11
14
21
36
54
31
18
5
24
7
38
9
47
12
63 115
18 32
34
43
6
11
8
14
10
18
13
25
20
31
34
56
38
21
26
35
44
56
94
The effect distances for the different levels of heat radiation have been worked out for each of the jet
flame scenarios for the following fatality and damage:
1.6 kW/m2
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2

The limit of 1.6 kW/m2 heat radiation level for public beyond the plant boundary has been selected for
such flames.
The largest jet fire will be obtained pertaining to H2 gas release due to ISOM unit H2 dryer outlet line
failure, In that case, the maximum damage distance for first degree burn is found to be about 63 m. In
similar condition, the maximum damage distance for thermally unprotected adjoining equipment is
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 11
about 47 m and the maximum damage distance for 1% fatality/ secondary fire is about 38 m. The safe
distance (1.6 kW/m2) or distance of no discomfort in this case is about 115 m.
The thermal damage circle diagrams for various Jet Flame scenarios have been shown in Figures-6.5
to 6.10.
It can be seen that only on-site people are at risk of thermal injury and burn from such jet flames. In
addition, the incident heat radiation from such jet flames may cause thermal damage to neighbouring
a bare minimum through installation of isolation valve system at strategic locations throughout the
plant.
Vapour Cloud Explosions (VCE)/Flash Fires
Apart from direct release of flammable gas like hydrogen and vapours like naphtha, release of
flammable boiling liquids (pressurised liquefied gas) like hydrogen generally generates sufficient
quantity of vapour through flash and evaporation. Such flammable gas/vapour spreads out within LFL
in the direction of prevalent wind. In such cases, provided ignition of the vapour cloud takes place, a
vapour cloud explosion of high energy occurs, spread depending on the quantity and concentration of
the vapour, and atmospheric stability conditions.
However, in case of release of non-boiling practically non-volatile liquids like naphtha, it is found that
the quantity of vapour generated through pool evaporation is vary small and LFL distance of the
dispersed vapour cloud practically does not stretch beyond the pool boundary. Such insignificant small
vapour generated due to pool evaporation will be restricted to the area immediately over the pool and,
therefore, no vapour cloud explosion will occur in such cases. However, flash fire of insignificant risk
may occur due to such small amount of vapours. As these flash fires are limited within the pool
boundary, neither the software can compute the damage distances nor it is of any concern.
Detailed computations for vapour cloud explosion scenarios for hydrogen and naphtha have been
carried out. Outcomes of such consequence analysis comprising of vapour release rate, LFL distance,
cloud width and damage distances of overpressure generated due to explosion for different damage
levels are presented in Table-6.6.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 12
3
4
5
ISOM feed surge drum outlet line failure

(hydro-treated naphtha release at 40C,
3 kg/cm2g)
ISOM unit hydrogen dryer outlet line
failure (H2 release through assumed 3
line at 39C, 40 kg/ cm2g)
SHU feed surge drum outlet line failure
(naphtha release at 45C, 1.4 kg/cm2g)
HDS feed drum outlet line failure
(naphtha release at 76C, 1.6 kg/cm2g)
Naphtha Feed Surge Drum outlet line
failure (Naphtha release through hole of
2 equivalent dia at 40C, 3.5 kg/cm2g)
HGU pre-reformer outlet line gasket
failure (naphtha release through 2 leak
at 507C, 28.3 kg/cm2g)
0.03
bar
0.01
bar
0.1 bar
0.3 bar
Cloud Width (m)
Vapour Release
Rate (kg/s)
Stability Class &
Wind Speed (m/s)
LFL Distance (m)
Table-6.6 Outcomes of Consequence Analysis- VCE/Flash Fires

Over-pressure
No
Damage Distance (m)
from Release Point for
Peak Over-pressure of
7.12 B-3
E-1
34 23
104 145
34 51 89 243
72 128 211 457
7.03 B-3
E-1
6.63 B-3
E-1
6.92 B-3
E-1
7.47 B-3
E-1
94 1.9 86
129 10. 121
8
27 16 25
84 119 53
30 19 28
92 125 59
47 32 51
127 169 87
7.31 B-3
E-1
138 41 105 139 241 528

423 231 274 353 556 1142
112 234 576

182 356 758
41 65 213
96 152 338
46 73 231
121 184 362
73 97 284
153 274 532
The effect distances due to overpressure have been worked out for the following four different damage
levels:
0.3 bar:
0.1 bar:
0.03 bar:
0.01 bar:
heavy plant/building damage, 99% fatality

repairable building damage, 1% fatality
major glass damage, threshold of injury
10% glass damage, no injury (safe distance)
In case of largest VCE pertaining to naphtha release due to HGU pre-reformer outlet line gasket
failure, the maximum overpressure damage distances under stable atmospheric condition (stability
class E) and 1 m/s wind for different damages viz. 99% fatality, 1% fatality and threshold of injury are
found to be about 274 m, 353 m and 556 m respectively from the point of release. The safe distance is
about 1142 m.
The overpressure damage circle diagrams for various vapour cloud explosion scenarios have been
shown in Figures-6.11 to 6.16. The corresponding LFL distances are also shown therein.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 13
It can be seen that some part of the plant may be damaged locally in case of such vapour cloud
explosions, but the off-site effects are observed only at 0.03 bar capable of major glass damage
(threshold of injury). Most damages will be confined within on-site boundaries.
Such vapour cloud explosions are so short lived that there is no time for emergency response and
hence these potentially severe consequences must be prevented by appropriate safety engineering
right at the detail design stage and preventive measures during operation and maintenance.
6.5.5
Conclusions and Recommendations

Based on the risk analysis results and discussions outlined above, the following conclusions including
suggestions and recommendations can be drawn up:
1. Operation of the proposed project presents a risk to on-site people in the form of thermal injury
from tank fires and random pool/bund fires around the storage tanks, process vessels and
pipelines. There is an additional significant risk of thermal injury from jet flames to only on-site
people around the storage tanks and process vessels. Moreover, vapour cloud explosions impose
potentially significant risk to plant and equipment.
2. Tank fire, pool/bund fire and jet fire may be considered as credible accident and measures need to
be taken to tackle them in the event of such fire.
In view of this, all the storage tanks should be thermally protected so as to prevent secondary fire
on adjoining tanks due to any tank on fire. In case of a tank fire, accessibility for actuating the
sprinkler system should be ensured.
In case of any storage tank on fire, the cooling of adjoining tanks should be restored promptly. It is
also necessary to cool the tank on fire so that tank shell does not give away. In view of such
simultaneous cooling, the fire fighting system should be designed accordingly.
All storage tanks, therefore have to be designed with safety features provided with remote
operated shut-off valves which enhances the safety of storage tanks against failure.
3. In the event of a fire, an effective emergency plan will have to be worked out and rehearsed for fire
fighting and to evacuate non-essential people present in the area surrounding the incident.
It is appropriate to assume that peak level of radiation intensity will not occur suddenly and 20-30
minutes time will be required before a tank fire grows to full size.
Adequacy of the fire water system including the distribution system, to cater to increased
requirement of fire water such as for cooling of tank on fire and the adjoining tanks, for water
sprinklers in the pump house area etc. should be checked.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 14
Adequate number of fire detectors are to be provided in fire prone areas. Sufficient isolation valves
must be installed.
In on-site emergency plan provision should be made for adequate combination of fire fighting
media located strategically along with crew of trained fire fighters so that fires as envisaged in this
study could be quickly controlled. In case of fire, the adjoining area should be made inaccessible
to non-essential personnel. The on-site emergency plan should be carefully implemented.
Non-essential personnel should be located away from the storage area in the zone of 4.5 kW/m2
radiation flux. Non-essential personnel will include office staff, plant management personnel,
maintenance personnel, administration and accounts personnel etc.
4. The largest peril for plant and equipment is vapour cloud explosion. A disaster of a scale
proportional to cloud mass would occur. No major off-site effects are observed and most of the
damage will be confined to on-site only.
In case of a vapour cloud explosion there will be no time for any emergency response and hence
these major hazards must be prevented by appropriate safety engineering right at the detail
design stage.
The wind direction plays a vital role in dispersion in case of vapour/gas release. Hence adequate
wind cocks are to be provided at strategic visible locations so that people can notice and take
appropriate actions in case of an emergency.
5. The risk studies have shown that emergency response time for arresting release, fire fighting, safe
evacuation of plant personnel and safety of stored inventory is critical to people's safety both onsite and off-site. If interceptive emergency response time can be made very short, risk of injury to
plant, people and environment can be drastically reduced.
6. Pumps of highest available mechanical reliability should be installed so that a spill does not occur
due to pump malfunction. Local enclosure around the pumps could be provided so that any leak
from glands, valves or joints can be contained locally. Ground level foam nozzles round the
bunded areas and near the locations of potential spills should be provided with facilities to inject
foam at any location either locally or from remote control.
7. Risk of injury can be substantially reduced by pursuing good standard of operation and
maintenance and by training and equipping several technicians in techniques of arresting leakage.
The good standard of O&M will ensure that chance of a leakage is reduced to a minimum. One
important function is monitoring of heath of equipment, storage, pipelines and machines.
Preventive maintenance practices may be adopted to improve plant performance and safety.
8. In addition, the population growth around the plant is to be watched closely. Unorganised growth
of colonies around the plant shall be avoided with the help of appropriate authorities.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 15
9. Above all, consistent and total quality assurance for engineering design, hardware selection,
through construction to commissioning and subsequent operation and maintenance has to be
adopted. The plant should be designed, constructed and operated in accordance with the safe
engineering practices and standards, not only during installation but also throughout the life of the
plant.
It is understood that the Project Authority will adopt such process safety assurance measures
throughout the life cycle of the plant. Given that commitment the project should not pose a major
source of risk to employees and public at large as far as the major chemical hazards are
concerned.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND RADIATION
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
E
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2
LEVEL OF DAMAGE
1st degree burn, limit for plant operators

limit for unprotected adjoining equipment
1% fatality, limit for piloted ignition (secondary fire)
50% fatality, limit for non-piloted ignition
99% fatality, heavy damage to plant equipment
C6 - 16
RADIATION
DISTANCE
(M)
61
52
37
24
18
Figure-6.1 Thermal Damage Distance of Tank Fire (Wind Speed 3 m/s) pertaining
to 5000 KL MS Tank
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND RADIATION
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
E
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2
LEVEL OF DAMAGE

C6 - 17
RADIATION
DISTANCE
(M)
33
18
14
14
12
Figure-6.2 Thermal Damage Distance of Tank Fire (Wind Speed 3 m/s) pertaining
to 3000 KL ATF Tank
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND RADIATION
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
LEVEL OF DAMAGE

C6 - 18
RADIATION
DISTANCE
(M)
98
82
69
41
Figure-6.3 Thermal Damage Distance of Pool Fire (Wind Speed 3 m/s) pertaining
to 5000 KL MS Tank Bottom Line 4 Leak
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND RADIATION
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
LEVEL OF DAMAGE

C6 - 19
RADIATION
DISTANCE
(M)
58
31
22
22
Figure-6.4 Thermal Damage Distance of Pool Fire (Wind Speed 3 m/s) pertaining
to 3000 KL ATF Tank Bottom Line 4 Leak
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND RADIATION
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
E
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2
LEVEL OF DAMAGE

C6 - 20
RADIATION
DISTANCE
(M)
21
14
11
8
6
Figure-6.5 Thermal Damage Distance of Jet Flame pertaining to ISOM Feed Surge
Drum Outlet Line Failure (Hydro-treated Naphtha Release)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND RADIATION
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
E
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2
LEVEL OF DAMAGE

C6 - 21
RADIATION
DISTANCE
(M)
63
47
38
24
18
Figure-6.6 Thermal Damage Distance of Jet Flame pertaining to ISOM Unit Hydrogen Dryer Outlet Line
Failure (H2 Release)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND RADIATION
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
E
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2
LEVEL OF DAMAGE

C6 - 22
RADIATION
DISTANCE
(M)
18
12
9
7
5
Figure-6.7 Thermal Damage Distance of Jet Flame pertaining to SHU Feed Surge Drum Outlet Line
Failure (Naphtha Release)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND RADIATION
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
E
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2
LEVEL OF DAMAGE

C6 - 23
RADIATION
DISTANCE
(M)
20
13
10
8
6
Figure-6.8 Thermal Damage Distance of Jet Flame pertaining to HDS Feed Drum Outlet Line Failure
(Naphtha Release)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND RADIATION
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
E
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2
LEVEL OF DAMAGE

C6 - 24
RADIATION
DISTANCE
(M)
31
25
18
14
11
Figure-6.9 Thermal Damage Distance of Jet Flame pertaining to Naphtha Feed Surge Drum Outlet Line
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND RADIATION
LEVEL
A
B
C
D
E
4.5 kW/m2
8.0 kW/m2
12.5 kW/m2
25.0 kW/m2
37.5 kW/m2
LEVEL OF DAMAGE

C6 - 25
RADIATION
DISTANCE
(M)
56
44
35
26
21
Figure-6.10 Thermal Damage Distance of Jet Flame pertaining to HGU Pre-reformer Outlet Line Gasket
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND OVER
PRESSURE
LEVEL
LEVEL OF DAMAGE
A
B
Repairable Building Damage, 1% fatality

Major Glass Damage, Threshold of Injury
0.1
0.03
C6 - 26
OVER
PRESSURE
DAMAGE
DISTANCE (M)
128
211
Figure-6.11 LFL and Overpressure Damage Distance (Wind Speed E-1 m/s) pertaining to ISOM Feed
Surge Drum Outlet Line Failure (Hydro-treated Naphtha Release)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND OVER
PRESSURE
LEVEL
LEVEL OF DAMAGE
A
B

0.1
0.03
C6 - 27
OVER
PRESSURE
DAMAGE
DISTANCE (M)
182
356
Figure-6.12 LFL and Overpressure Damage Distance (Wind Speed E-1 m/s) pertaining to ISOM Unit
Hydrogen Dryer Outlet Line Failure (H2 Release)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND OVER
PRESSURE
LEVEL
LEVEL OF DAMAGE
A
B

0.1
0.03
C6 - 28
OVER
PRESSURE
DAMAGE
DISTANCE (M)
96
152
Figure-6.13 LFL and Overpressure Damage Distance (Wind Speed E-1 m/s) pertaining to SHU Feed
Surge Drum Outlet Line Failure (Naphtha Release)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND OVER
PRESSURE
LEVEL
LEVEL OF DAMAGE
A
B

0.1
0.03
C6 - 29
OVER
PRESSURE
DAMAGE
DISTANCE (M)
121
184
Figure-6.14 LFL and Overpressure Damage Distance (Wind Speed E-1 m/s) pertaining to HDS Feed
Drum Outlet Line Failure (Naphtha Release)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND OVER
PRESSURE
LEVEL
LEVEL OF DAMAGE
A
B

0.1
0.03
C6 - 30
OVER
PRESSURE
DAMAGE
DISTANCE (M)
153
274
Figure-6.15 LFL and Overpressure Damage Distance (Wind Speed E-1 m/s) pertaining to Naphtha Feed
Surge Drum Outlet Line Failure (Naphtha Release)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
LEGEND OVER
PRESSURE
LEVEL
LEVEL OF DAMAGE
A
B

0.1
0.03
C6 - 31
OVER
PRESSURE
DAMAGE
DISTANCE (M)
353
556
Figure-6.16 LFL and Overpressure Damage Distance (Wind Speed E-1 m/s) pertaining to HGU Prereformer Outlet Line Gasket Failure (Naphtha Release)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 32
6.6
BASIS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

This DMP has been designed based on the range, scales and effects of "Major Generic Hazards"
described in the Risk Assessment just mentioned and on their typical behaviours predicted therein.
The DMP addresses the range of thermal and mechanical impacts of these major hazards so that
potential harm to people on-site and off-site, plant and environment can be reduced to a practicable
minimum. The scenarios of loss of containment are credible worst cases to which this DMP is linked.
6.7
CAPABILITIES OF DMP
The emergency plan envisaged is designed to intercept full range of hazards specific to refinery such
as fire, explosion, major spill etc. In particular, the DMP is designed and conducted to mitigate those
losses of containment situations that have potentials to escalate into major perils of the plant, the
effects of which have been described in the Risk Assessment Report.
Another measure of the DMP's capability is to combat small and large fire due to ignition of flammable
liquid or vapour cloud escaped either from storage or from process streams and evacuate people from
the affected areas speedily to safe locations to prevent irreversible injury.
Emergency medical aids to those who might be affected by incident heat flux and incident shockwave
overpressures, is inherent in the basic capabilities.
The most important capability of this DMP is the required speed of response to intercept a developing
emergency in good time so that disasters are never allowed to happen.
6.8
DISASTER CONTROL PHILOSOPHY

The emergency control philosophy of the plant is in line with its normal operational controls. The
emergency control room will be the plant's Central Control Room, which will employ Distributed
Control System (DCS). All emergency operations, which may involve shutdown of the plant, will be
controlled from the Central Control Room by the same operator(s) using dedicated "shut-down
consoles". The consoles will send commands to initiate the shutdown procedure. Plant shutdown
system will be performed by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) connected to the DCS.
The principal strategy of DMP of the plant is "Prevention" of the major hazards. And since these
hazards can occur only in the event of loss of containment, one of the key objectives of technology
selection, project engineering, construction, commissioning and operation is "Total and Consistent
Quality Assurance". The Project Authority is committed to this strategy right from the conceptual stage
so that the objective of prevention can have ample opportunities to mature and be realized in practice.
The codes, standards and regulations (acts and rules) shall be followed to the extent applicable such
as:
1.
2.
3.
OISD (Oil Industries Safety Directorate) norms (Standard 144 for LPG Storage and Bottling
Plant Operations, Standard 118 for Layouts for Oil and Gas Installations).
API standards (Standard 2510 for LPG Installations).
SMPV(U) Rules, 1981 and Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
C6 - 33
NFPA 58, Storage and Handling of LPG.

Indian Explosives Act & Explosive Rules
The Petroleum Act
ASME code for Unfired Pressure Vessels,Section VIII, Div. I
ANSI B31.3 Codes for refinery piping
Applicable specifications of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS:1893, IS:456, IS:800, IS:875,
IS:1742, IS:3370, IS:269, IS:1786, IS:226, IS:458, IS:4576, IS:5290).
Indian Electricity Act, 1956 & Indian Electricity Rules.
Regulations for the Electrical Equipment of Building
Factories Act, 1948.
TAC recommendations and Fire Protection Manual
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and state and federal rules under the Act, in particular
Manufacture Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989.
Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991.
The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) or Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) consists of:
* On-site Emergency Plan
* Off-site Emergency Plan
Preparation of Disaster Management Plan under the headlines of On-site Emergency Plan and Off-site
Emergency Plan is in consonance with the guidelines laid by the Ministry of Environment and Forests
(MOEF), Govt of India.
As per the guidelines given by the Government, the "Occupier" of the facility is responsible for the
development of the On-site Emergency Plan. The Government (District Authorities) should develop the
Off-site Emergency Plan. However, a conceptual Off-site Emergency Plan is also presented in this
report.
6.9
6.9.1
ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

Objectives
The objective of the On-site Emergency Plan should be to make maximum use of the combined
resources of the plant and the outside service to
* Effect the rescue and treatment of casualties.
* Safeguard other personnel in the premises.
* Minimise damage to property and environment.
* Initially contains and ultimately brings the incident under control.
* Identify any dead.
* Provide for the needs of relatives.
* Provide authoritative information to the news media.
* Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 34
* Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the cause and
circumstances of emergency.
6.9.2
Different Phases of Disaster

Warning Phase :
Many disasters are preceded by sort of warning, e.g. with the aid of satellite and network of weather
stations. Many meteorological disasters like Cyclones and Hurricanes can be predicted and actions
can be taken to counteract them.
Impact Phase :
This is the period when the disaster actually strikes and very little can be done to lessen the effects of
Disaster. The period of impact may last for a few seconds (like fire, explosion, gas leak) or may
prolong for days (like fire, gas leaks, water pollution, floods, etc).
Rescue Phase :
The rescue phase starts immediately after the impact and continues until necessary measures are
taken to rush help to combat the situation and to evacuate people to safer places. Needless to
emphasize that prompt and well organised rescue operations can save many valuable lives.
Relief Phase :
In this phase apart from organising relief measures internally, depending on severity of the disaster,
external help should also be summoned to provide relief measures (such as food, medical help,
clothing, shelter etc). This phase will continue till normalcy is restored.
Restoration Phase :
This is the final and the longest phase. It includes rebuilding damaged equipment/ Plant.
6.9.3
Action Plans
The Action Plan consists of:
* Identification of Key Personnel.
* Defining responsibilities of Key Personnel.
* Designating Emergency Control Centres and Assembly Points.
* Declaration of Emergency.
* Sending All Clear Signal.
* Defining actions to be taken by non-key personnel during emergency.
6.9.4
Key Personnel and Responsibilities

The actions necessary in an emergency will clearly depend upon the surrounding circumstances.
Nevertheless, it is imperative that the required actions are initiated and directed by nominated people,
each having specified responsibilities as part of coordinated plan. Such nominated personnel are
known as Key Personnel.
The Emergency Preparedness Chart is shown in Figure-6.16.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 35
The Key Personnel are:

* Site Controller (SC) or Chief Coordinator
* Incident Coordinator (IC) or Plant Coordinator
* Fire & Safety Coordinator
* Engineering Coordinator
* Welfare, Transport & Media Coordinator
* Power/Utilities & Communication Coordinator
* Medical Coordinator
* Security Coordinator
* Materials Coordinator
* Finance Coordinator
6.9.4.1 Responsibilities & Roles of Chief Coordinator
One getting information, the Chief Co-ordinator will
i)
ii)
iii)
Iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
Report to the Site of emergency, assess the situation and declare the disaster.
Establish emergency control post at Fire Station Control Room.
Declare the disaster zone.
Mobilise all Co-ordinators assembled at the emergency control post, assess the situation and
direct to put the disaster control plan to action.
Activate emergency evacuation and rescue operation with the help of Engg/Security coordinator.
Review the requirement for shutdown of units in consultation with the plant co-ordinator.
Review the control of traffic inside refinery with the help of security co-ordinator.
Monitor the situation and keep GM, DGM (HR) informed about the incidental (magnitude of
disaster, combating operation and casualties).
Approved information to Press, Govt Agencies through welfare and Media Co-ordinator with
the approval of GM.
Inform:
DM & SP Begusarai and communicate to
ED (O)
Director (R)
Chairman's Office IOCL, New Delhi
Chief Secretary, Home Deptt, Govt of Bihar, Patna
Member Secretary, B.S.P.C.B, Patna
Factory Inspector, Begusarai
Chief Inspector of Factories, Ranchi
Regional Controller of explosives, Hazaribagh/ Calcutta
Factory Medical Inspector, Patna
Sr Division Manager, National Insurance Co, Muzaffarpur
Chief Controller of Explosives, Nagpur
Excise Superintendent Begusarai through Welfare & Medical Co-ordinator
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
xi)
xii)
xiii)
C6 - 36
Ensure that casualties are received adequate attention in consultation with medical coordinator.
Monitor and control rehabilitation of the affected areas on cessation of the emergency.
Declare that the "Disaster is over".
6.9.4.2 Responsibilities & Roles of Incident Coordinator

For all Five Scenarios:
On getting the information, the plant co-ordinator will act as follows:
i) To rush to the site of occurrence and assess the situation and requirement.
ii) To report at the Emergency Control Room at Fire Station and liasion between Chief Co-ordinator
and respective plant in-charges for safe operation and shutdown of plants/ equipment, as
necessary.
iii) To assess the magnitude of disaster and advise security co-ordinator to cordon off the area.
iv) To mobilise necessary manpower from neighboring units/ areas for fire fighting/rescue operation.
v) To mobilise spare/ off duty personnel from township for relieving existing operating personnel.
vi) To coordinate with Fire & Safety Co-ordinator for fire fighting operations/ emergency handling.
vii)To advise Engineering Co-ordinator for suspension of all hot jobs in and around the affected area.
viii) To coordinate with Engg Coordinator for repair and restoration of Plant/ facilities during and after
disaster.
ix) To coordinate with other Coordinators for sustaining the Safety of the running units/ equipment in
view of the possible consequences of the disaster.
x) To ensure that adequate water is made available for fire fighting.
For Toxic Gas Release
i) To coordinate for emptying the affected vessel as quickly as possible and isolation thereof.
For Oil Spill
i) To arrange blockage of oil outflow through surface drains with the help of the Engineering
Coordinator.
ii) To coordinate with Railways for suspension of movement of Locomotives in the Railway track
passing along with Borrow-pit.
For Flood
i) To arrange filling of all empty tanks in the Refinery with product/water.
ii) To advise Engineering Co-ordinator for arranging placement of sand bags at all sluice and screen
gates on the boundary wall and also arrange manning at short notice.
To arrange for availability of dewatering pumps.
iii) To make preparation of action plan for restoration of normally with receding of floodwater.
6.9.4.3 Responsibilities & Roles of Fire and Safety Coordinator
On getting information, the Fire & Safety Coordinator will act as below:
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
C6 - 37
To rush to the emergency site.

To take charge of entire fire fighting/rescue operation & safety measures.
To arrange to communicate fire station for raising "Disaster Siren" on the advice of the Chief
Co- ordinator.
To deploy the manpower released from internally and from other sources for fire fighting and
allied operation.
To examine critically the fire fighting activities on the scene.
To operate Mutual Aid Scheme with BTPS & BFS, Begusarai to strengthen the integrated
action.
To monitor and replenish any short fall of fire fighting chemicals in coordination with Materials
Coordinator.
To advise Engg. Co-ordinator for any emergency help like repair of fire engines/ equipments
etc.
To arrange to issue Safety equipment required for Plant emergencies/ Fire fighting.
For Oil Spill

i)
To provide adequate fire fighting coverage in and around oil spillage site round the clock.
6.9.4.4 Responsibilities & Roles of Engineering Coordinator
For All six scenarios:
On getting information or after hearing the disaster siren, the coordinator for Engineering will report to
the crisis control room at Fire Station:
i) To provide all Engineering and Maintenance Services as required by Plant or other coordinators.
The Engineering Services include:
* Workshops (including auto & heavy Garages)
* Field Services
* Mechnical/Instrument jobs
* Urgent fabrication
* Use of gas Cutting for repair operation
* Services for transportation of Material
* Operation of Cranes, towing Services etc
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
To mobilise manpower from all disciplines of maintenance (and to augment the number as
needed)
To arrange rescue and transport for affected persons to the site dispensary.
To arrange to supply Fire Fighting and safety equipments/materials to the site of occurrence.
To take prompt action for renting/hiring equipments to meet emergency requirements.
To arrange maintenance and refuelling of all fire fighting engines and rescue vehicles.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
xi)
xii)
C6 - 38
To arrange salvaging of all valuable records/gadgets in the refinery.

To arrange adequate numbers of sand bags for any breach in the refinery boundary
wall/gupta bandh.
To arrange patrolling of Gupta Bunch in coordination with Security Co-ordinator and District
Authorities.
To arrange clearing of uprooted trees, electric/ telephones poles etc.
To arrange for emergency illumination with the help of portable diesel generator sets.
For Oil Spill
* To arrange recovery of spilled oil.
xiii)
For all Scenario except flood

* To arrange dewatering of fire fighting area.
6.9.4.5 Responsibilities & Roles of Welfare, Transport & Media Coordinator

On getting the information on hearing the siren, he will rush to crisis control room at fire station.
For all six scenarios:
i)
To provide Transport to all co-ordinators as per requirement.
ii)
To arrange food, beverage, drinks and shelter for all personnel involved in emergency
opreation
iii)
To inform different statutory Bodies and Govt agencies about the nature and magnitude of
disaster in consultation with Chief Co-ordinator.
iv)
To communicate with relatives of injured/deceased employees.
v)
To arrange for Press Communication/AIR/TV.
vi)
To arrange photography/video recording of the incident.
vii)
To alert people of the nearby villages with the help of Police/CISF/District authorities.
For Flood:
i)
To arrange and mobilise adequate no. of boats with boatman from District Authorities.
6.9.4.6 Responsibilities & Roles of Power/Utilities & Communication Coordinator
On getting information or hearing the siren he will rush to crisis control room at fire station.
For all six scenarios:
i)
To be in-charge of Power/Utility & Communication Services and keep the entire communication
system alive.
ii) To provide extra telephones for the Emergency control room at Fire Station.
iii) To arrange supply/isolation of Power Supply as required by the Plant coordinator.
iv) To ensure availability of P.A system in serviceable condition.
v) To arrange quick mobilisation of resources.
vi) To arrange quick resumption of Power/Steam/Air in case of power failure.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 39
vii) To keep the Plant Coordinator informed about time of resumption of Power in case it fails.
viii) To ensure uninterrupted power supply to first aid, fire station, hospital, drinking water supply &
telecommunication system.
ix) To make necessary arrangement for light etc to carry out emergency activities during night.
For Oil Spill
x) To ensure workability for Auto Telephones as well as Fire alarm system in case of Power outage.
xi) To arrange for emergency illumination of the site of occurrence.
For Flood
xii) To salvage of all critical electrical Motors during flood.
xiii) To arrange sealing of water entry into township/site Telephone exchange.
6.9.4.7 Responsibilities & Roles of Medical Coordinator
On getting information or hearing the siren the medical coordinator will act as below:
For all six scenario
i)
To activate First-Aid Centre(s) : At existing site and (ii) at training centre, if required.
ii)
To reinforce manpower and emergency medicines to the First-Aid Centres.
iii)
To mobilise medical team internally at Hospital.
iv)
To arrange Ambulance to transfer casualties to First-Aid Centres and to the Main Hospital
v)
To main casualty register: Types of injury, number etc including hospitalisation and coordinate
with District Civil Surgeon and Police for completing the formalities, if any.
vi)
To make emergency purchase of required drugs/medical equipment through material
Coordinator.
vii)
To co-ordinate with all Hospitals in the vicinity and inform about no. of casualties with nature
of injuries and no. of beds required, etc.
6.9.4.8 Responsibilities & Roles of Security Coordinator
On getting information or hearing siren he will report to crisis control room.
For all Six Scenario
i) To arrange for Police help for control of traffic outside the refinery area.
ii) To render necessary help to plant, Fire & Safety, Medical & Engineering Co- ordinators in Fire
Fighting/ rescue and evacuation operations.
iii) To arrange to allow only authorised personnel/ Vehicles near the site of occurrence.
iv) To arrange to regulate the traffic inside the refinery premises.
v) To arrange to evacuate all contractor personnel and trucks from inside the refinery.
vi) To arrange to control and disperse the crowd from the scene of fire.
vii) To assist in transporting injured employees.
viii) To contact outside agencies (S.P Begusarai; Police O.P. Refinery; Commandant, CISF, HFC Unit
& Commandant BMP Township for help, if required.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 40
6.9.4.9 Responsibilities & Roles of Materials Coordinator

On getting information or by hearing siren he will rush to crisis control room at fire station.
For Six Scenarios
i) To arrange to position staff as necessary at Central Stores, Petrol pump and office for emergency
issue of materials.
ii) To monitor the stock of all fire Fighting equipments/ First Aid items to replenish them as and when
required.
iii) To arrange for emergency purchase of materials required by the coordinator.
For Flood
iv) To arrange for shifting materials, susceptible to damage in floodwater to safer locations.
6.9.4.10Responsibilities & Roles of Finance Coordinator
On getting information or by hearing siren, he will report to the control room at fire station
For all Six Scenarios
i) To maintain Cash impreset of Rs.1, 00,000.00 (Rupees one lakh).
ii) To arrange to release finance to all eligible Coordinators for emergency purchase on the advise of
Chief Coordinator.
iii) To take care of insurance Formalities and assess the damage in consultation with Technical
Services.
iv) Inform customs/excise regarding nature, magnitude and type of damage in consultation with Chief
Coordinator.
6.9.5
Responsibilities of Teams
i)
Repair Team will identify source of leak and arrest it, take steps to keep rest of the plant in
safe condition, arrange safe shutdown of operations if necessary, attend to all repair jobs
which are needed from emergency point of view, take steps to contain or reduce the intensity
of emergency, arrange for additional equipment and give temporary connections as needed.
ii)
Fire Fighting Team will rush to the incident spot and start fighting the fire, maintain adequate
water pressure in the fire hydrant system, arrange fire extinguishers where needed and guide
and direct outside fire fighting agencies.
iii)
Communication Team will maintain the communication network inside the terminal, attend
urgent repairs in the communication system, and arrange messengers for conveying urgent
messages when needed, help others in their communication activities.
Indian
Oil
6.9.6

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 41
iv)
Security Team will man all gates, with minimum delay to permit the entry of authorised
personnel and outside agencies, vehicles etc who have come to help, bar entry of
unauthorised persons, allow the ambulance etc to go through the gates without normal
checks.
v)
Safety Team will rescue the casualties on priority basis, transport casualties to first aid post,
safe places, or medical centres, account the personnel, search for missing personnel and
pass information to the kith and kin of fatal or serious casualties, arrange required safety
equipment, report of status to their leader , record of accidents, collect and preserve
evidences in connection with accident cases, arrange for transport of casualties, arrange for
transport of materials, attend to vehicle breakdowns, arrange petrol and diesel supply and
withdraw and transport materials from stores.
vi)
Medical Team will arrange for first aid, arrange for stretchers, arrange for immediate medical
attention, arrange for sending the casualties to various hospitals and nursing homes and
arrange for medicines.
Emergency Control Centre

The Emergency Control Centre will be the focal point in case of an emergency from where the
operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It will control site activities and
should be furnished with external and internal telephone connections, list of essential telephone
numbers, list of key persons and their addresses.
Emergency management measures in this case have been proposed to be carried from single control
Centre designated as CCR.
CCR is the place from where messages to outside agencies will be sent and mutual aids and other
helps for the management of emergency will be arranged. It will be located in the safe area. It will be
equipped with every facility for external and internal communication. CCR will be attended by Chief
Coordinator. Location: F & S building.
6.9.7
Assembly Point
In an emergency, it will almost certainly be necessary to evacuate personnel from affected areas and
as precautionary measure, to further evacuate non-essential workers, in the first instance, from areas
likely to be affected, should the emergency escalate. The evacuation will be effected on getting
necessary message from IC. On evacuation, employees should be directed to a predetermined safe
place called Assembly Point.
Location: Security office/ Main Gate is the Assembly Point where all non-key personnel should
assemble on getting direction over Public Address System.
Alternate Location: Workers Rest Room or Canteen.
Outdoor assembly points, predetermined and premarked, will also be provided to accommodate
evacuees from affected plant area(s). Roll call of personnel collected at these assembly points, indoor
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 42
and outdoor will be carried out by roll call crew of safety team to account for any missing person(s)
and to initiate search and rescue operations, if necessary.
6.9.8
Declaration of Emergency
An emergency may arise in the terminal due to major leakage of containment or major outbreak of fire.
In case of major leak or major outbreak of fire the state of emergency has to be declared by the
concerned by sounding Emergency Siren.
Upon manual or sensor detection of a major loss of containment of volatile hazardous substance the
DMP is activated by raising an audible and visual alarm through a network of geographically dispersed
gas/vapour and heat detectors and also "break-glass" type fire alarm call points with telephone hand
sets to inform the Central Control Room.
A separate siren audible to a distance of 5 kms range will be available for this purpose. The alarm is
coded such that the nature of emergency can be distinguished as an emergency.
The Control Centre and Assembly points have been located at an area of the minimum risk or
vulnerability in the premises concerned, taking into account the wind direction, areas which might be
affected by fire/explosion, leakages etc.
After cessation of emergency, FSO will communicate to IC. After verification of status, IC will
communicate with SC and then announce the "All Clear" by instructing the Fire & Sefety control room
to sound the "All Clear Signal".
Public address System (PAS). In case of failure of alarm system, communication should be by
telephone operator who will make announcement in the complex through PAS. Walkie-Talkie system
is very useful for communication during emergency with predetermined codes of communication. If
everything fails, a messenger could be used for sending the information.
Two 5 km range variable pitch electric sirens (one in service and the other standby) will generate the
main alarm for the entire site as well as for the district fire brigade. The alarm is coded such that the
nature of emergency can be distinguished Fire and Gas alarm matrices are provided at the Central
Control room, security gate, on-site fire station and main administrative office corridor to indicate
location of the site of emergency and its nature.
6.9.9 Mutual Aid

6.9.9.1 Need and Procedure
All factories may not be equipped with an exhaustive stock of equipment/ materials required during an
emergency. Further, there may be a need to augment supplies if an emergency is prolonged.
It would be ideal to pool all resources available in and the nearby outside agencies especially factories
during an emergency, for which a formal Mutual Aid scheme should be made among industries in the
region.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 43
6.9.9.2 Essential Elements

Essential elements of this scheme are given below :
* Mutual aid must be a written document, signed by Location In charge of all the industries concerned.
* It should specify available quantity of materials/ equipment that can be spared (not that which is in
stock).
* Mode of requisition during an emergency.
* It should authorise the shift-in-charge to quickly deploy available material/ equipment without waiting
for formalities like gate pass etc.
* It should spell out mode of payment/ replacement of material given during an emergency.
* It should specify key personnel who are authorised to requisition materials from other industries or
who can send materials to other industries.
* It should state clearly mode of receipt of materials at the affected unit without waiting for
quantity/quality verification etc.
* Revision number and validity of agreement should be mentioned.
* This may be updated from time to time based on experience gained.
6.9.9.3 Installations in the Neighbourhood
Hindustan Fertiliser Corporation (HFC) - Not in operation at present.
Barauni Thermal Power Station (BTPS)
6.9.10 Emergency Management Training
The Key Personnel should undergo special courses on disaster management. This may preferably be
an in-plant training. The Terminal Manager, Senior Officers and Staff should undergo a course on the
use of personal protective equipment.
The Key Personnel belonging to various Teams should undergo special courses as per their expected
nature of work at the time of emergency.
The Project Authority should conduct special courses to outside agencies like district fire services to
make them familiar with the plant layout and other aspects, which will be helpful to them during an
emergency.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 44
6.9.11 Mock Drills

i) It is imperative that the procedures laid in this Plan are put to the test by conducting Mock Drills. To
avoid any lethality, the emergency response time will be clocked below 2 min. during the mock drill.
ii) The mock drills should be carried out step by step as stated below:
First Step: Test the effectiveness of communication system.
Second Step: Test the speed of mobilisation of the Plant emergency teams.
Third Step: Test the effectiveness of search, rescue and treatment of casualties.
Fourth Step: Test Emergency isolation and shut down and remedial measures taken on the system.
Fifth Step: Conduct a full rehearsal of all the actions to be taken during an emergency.
iii) The Disaster Management Plan are periodically revised based on experiences gained from the
mock drills.
6.9.12 Precautions During Transportation
As per the provisions in the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 (Rules 129, 130 and 134), every
vehicle carrying the flammable goods leaving the Terminal will be checked for proper display of "Class
Label" and "Emergency Information Panel".
6.10 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
6.10.1 Objective
If the effects of the accident or disaster inside the terminal is felt outside its premises, it calls for an offsite emergency plan, which should be prepared and documented in advance in consultation with the
District Authorities.
6.10.2 Key Personnel
Table-6.7 presents the relevant details of the Off Site Disaster Co-Ordinators (State Government).
The ultimate responsibility for the management of the off-site emergencies rests on the District
Magistrate/Collector. He will be assisted by representatives from all concerned organisations,
departments and services at the District level. This core group of officers would be called the District
Crisis Management Group (CMG). The members of the group will include :
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
Collector/District Magistrate
Commissioner of Police
Municipal Commissioner, if municipalities are involved
Deputy Director, Health
Pollution Control Board Representative
An Operation Response Group (ORG) will then have to be constituted to implement the directives of
the CMG.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 45
The various government departments, some or all of which will be concerned, depending on the
nature of the emergency, could include:
1.
Police
2.
Health & Family Welfare
3.
Medical
4.
Revenue
5.
Fire Service
6.
Transport
7.
Electricity
8.
Animal Husbandry
9.
Agriculture
10.
Civil Defence
11.
PWD
12.
Civil Supplies
13.
Panchayats
The SC and IC, of the on-site emergency team, will also be responsible for communications with the
CMG during the off-site emergency.
6.10.3 Education of Public
People living within the influence zone should be educated on the emergency in a suitable manner.
This can be achieved only through the Local and District Authorities. However, necessary information
can be extended to the Authorities.
6.11
AVAILABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
The following facilities/resources and team set up are available which are detailed in Annexure.
* List of coordinators and alternate coordinators
* Address and telephone numbers of key personnel
* Contact details of outside agencies
* Communication facilities available at BR
* Fire fighting equipments available at BR
* Safety equipments available at BR
* Hospital facilities in the area
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 46
FIGURE-6.17
ORGANOGRAM (ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN)
Coordinators to report at their designated place
INCIDENT
COORDINATOR 1
Shri B.P. Das, DGM (PN)

Shri Sukumar Ray, CPNM
FIRE & SAFETY

1
COORDINATOR
ENGINEERING
COORDINATOR 1
Shri P.K. Das, SFSM

Shri Mahesh Kumar, FSM
COORDINATOR
Shri G.C. Sikdar, CMNM
Shri P.K. Mukhopadhyay, SITM
CHIEF COORDINATOR
POWER & UTILITIES

COORDINATOR
1
Shri S.S.P. Singh, DGM (P&U)

Shri C.K. Tiwari, CPJM
MAIN :
COMMUNICATION
COORDINATOR 1
Shri S.K. Sharma, CMNM (EL)

Shri G.M. Patel, SMNM (EL)
SECURITY &
1
TRAFFIC
CONTROL
COORDINATOR
Shri S. Nedunchzhian, DC, CISF

Shri S.V Singh, AC, CISF
RESCUE &
1
EVACUATION
COORDINATOR
Shri S. Nath, CMNM (CL)

Shri U.K. Prasad, SPJM
WELFARE &
2
MEDIA
COORDINATOR
Shri N.K. Das, DGM (HR)

Shri S. Acharya, SHRM
MATERIALS
COORDINATOR 2
Shri N.K. Sharma, CMTM

Shri Hemant Kumar, SMTM
FINANCE
2
COORDINATOR
Shri S. Bhunia, DGM (Finance)

Shri S. Banik, SFM
TRANSPORT
3
COORDINATOR
Shri B. Prasad, PAM

Shri K. Choudhary, O (A & W)
MEDICAL
4
COORDINATOR
Dr. (Mrs.) N. Bose, CMO

Dr. S.D. Dharmik, ACMO (F)-
Shri C.S. Das,

GM (T)
ALTERNATE :
Shri M.K. Padia
GM (TS)
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 47
Shri M.R. Sonde, DGM (TS)

Shri, Birendra Kumar, CTSM
(Refinery Operation related issues)
ADVISERS
TO
CHIEF
COORDINATOR
2
Shri S.K. Sarkar, DGM (MN)

Shri S.K. Patra, CESM
(Repair Modification & Maintenance issues)
Shri D. Chakraborty, CTSM

Shri B.S. Rajan, STSM (S&EP)
(Communication with SPCB, MOE&F & Pollution
& Safety related issues)
Position of Co-ordinators :
Note :
AT INCIDENT SITE
AT TIME OFFICE
AT DISASTER C/R
AT TOWNSHIP HOSPITAL
The alternate co-ordinator will function as the coordinator in the absence of the
designated main coordinator
In case of declaration of Off-site Disaster by Chief co-ordinator. DGM (HR) will act
as Industry Coordinator for Liaison with District Authorities
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C6 - 48
TABLE-6.7
OFF SITE DISASTER CO-ORDINATORS (STATE GOVERNMENT)
CO-ORDINATOR
CHIEF COORDINATOR
SECURITY COORDINATOR
FIRE SERVICE COORDINATOR
MEDICAL SERVICE
CO-ORDINATOR
TRANSPORT COORDINATOR
MEDIA & WELFARE
CO-ORDINATOR
COMMUNICATION
CO-ORDINATOR
INDUSTRY COORDINATOR
NAME (S/SHRI)
SANJAY KUMAR
HANS
AMIT LODHA
DESIGN
DM. BGS
TEL. NO.
212285
SP. BGS
213015
HALDHAR
MANDAL
RAJESHWAR
THAKUR
KHURSHID ALAM
DFO,BGS
101/213133
CIVIL SURVEON,
BGS
DTO, BGS
215512
A.J. HASMI
DDC. BGS
218934
JYOTI BHUSHAN
PRASAD
I.B. CHOUDHARY
TDM, BGS
242600
GM, DIC, BGS
212055
9431425761
ALTERNATIVE CO-ORDINATORS (STATE GOVERNMENT)

CO-ORDINATOR
CHIEF COORDINATOR
SECURITY COORDINATOR
FIRE SERVICE COORDINATOR
MEDICAL SERVICE
CO-ORDINATOR
TRANSPORT COORDINATOR
MEDIA & WELFARE
CO-ORDINATOR
COMMUNICATION
CO-ORDINATOR
NAME (S/SHRI)
RAM CHANDRA
KUMAR
PANKAJ KUMAR
DESIGN
ADM. COLLECTRATE.
BGS.
DSP, BGS
TEL. NO.
212940
DINESH PRASAD
YADAV
AFO,BGS
101/213133
215512
A.K. JHA
ASST. CHIEF
SURGEON, BGS
NDC, BGS
DINESH KUMAR
DPRO, BGS
212809
L.L. CHOUDHARY
DET, BGS
242500
215003
212835
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C7 - 1
CHAPTER-7
PROJECT BENEFITS
The installation of the new projects will result in the large beneficial impacts on several fronts. The
Installation of the MS Quality Upgradation Project will ensure compliance with the MS specifications
(EURO-III Regular Grade) as per MoEF Gazette Notification in May 1996. With the installation of DHDT 3rd
Reactor, there will be reduction in input cost by processing cheaper crude whose Gas Oil cetane number is
low and incremental gross refining margin is Rs. 42 Crores/ Annum. The installation of High Sulphur Crude
Maximisation Project will result in the reduction of the input cost by the absorption of more HS crude. There
will be improvement in the margin by Rs. 155 Crores/ Annum.
In addition, gross economic yield shall increase through increase in agricultural produce, animal husbandry
produce, high income group and through marketing multiplier effect. The benefits accrued shall be
obviously tremendous in local as well as regional context.
BR has been paying special attention to improve the socioeconomic environment in the neighbouring
areas. It has contributed a lot in uplifting the standard of rural and urban areas as listed below:
-
Provision of handpumps and erection of well in neighbouring rural areas.

Promotion of health care facilities in the surrounding villages.
Financial assistance to Begusarai Municipality in constructing and repairing the national
high way.
Construction & repairing of School Buildings in the surrounding villages
Organising sports and tournament in the surrounding areas
Providing training on Tailoring & Sewing with distribution of sewing machine among
woman trainees
Conducting Kala - Azar prevention programme.
Medical facilities of the rural areas were observed to be unsatisfactory. It was also learnt that BR has spent
money under rural development programme including medical facilities to rural areas. Besides, several
other activities like construction of platform in the tank at Bihat village, construction of public shed near Civil
Court, Begusarai, construction of foot steps & toilets at Simaria Ghat for villagers/ pilgrims, donation to
Madarsa school, Deona, providing solar system & computer to Viplavi Pustakalaya at village Godargama
etc. were also undertaken.
7.0 Project Benefits
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C8- 1
CHAPTER-8
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1
BASIC CONTENTS
Environmental Management Plan is the key to ensure a safe and clean environment. A plant may have
taken proper pollution control measures but without a management plan to assure its proper function,
the desired results may not be obtained.
A comprehensive environmental management plan consisting of mitigatory measures for abatement of
the undesirable impacts elucidated earlier has been drawn up, which is discussed in the next few
sections.
Barauni Refinery is an existing refinery running for more than four decades. It has a detailed
Environmental Management Programme and it meets all statutory requirements. The following
management activities are discussed to highlight its importance in improving environmental quality.
Various pollutants generation, their control & disposal have been discussed in Chapter-2. In this
chapter, various mitigatory measures taken by the refinery to improve the performance of various
equipment along with the overall Environmental Management System of the refinery are discussed.
8.2 VARIOUS MITIGATORY MEASURES

8.2.1 Energy Conservation Measures
There has been continuous thrust on the reduction of energy usage by means of adopting various
energy conservation (ENCON) measures. ENCON is an ongoing process and plans have been
formulated to achieve a further saving in the coming years. The fuel & loss (% wt) during last five years
has been shown in Figure-8.1.
In addition to these measures, monitoring of furnace operations, insulation survey of furnaces and
hotlines and audits by internal and external teams are carried out in periodic manner to improve the
performance which helps in reducing emissions. The refinery has upgraded efficiency of its furnaces
and boilers from (65-70)% in the early sixties to over (88 92)%, thereby bringing down energy
consumption.
8.2.2 Loss Control/Resource Conservation Measures
Similar to ENCON, there is a constant thrust on loss control and resource conservation measures.
There has been considerable reduction in Fresh Water consumption by diverting once through cooling
water to circulating water system in various units.
Treated effluent is reused for fire water, cooling tower make up, coke cutting purposes, horticulture,
green belt development and also in Eco ponds where adequate life flourishes.
8.0 Environment Management Plan
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C8- 2
ENERGY PERFORMANCE
12
FUEL & LOSS, % Wt
11.2
11
(Outlook)
10.2
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.1
10
8
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
* BXP Unit stabilization / operation
There has been minimal discharge of effluent to the river Ganga since 1997 is a significant
achievement towards conservation of natural resources.
Recycling of treated effluent in the fire water make up, coke cutting water and for coker blow down
operation has helped in conserving fresh water resources and efforts are being made to increase this
further.
Further steam leak, pump/valve gland leak and comprehensive loss control surveys by internal and
external teams are done to reduce losses. These measures have also helped in reducing the refinery
loss.
8.2.3
Process/Product Quality Improvement

Catalytic Reforming Unit (CRU) is installed at Barauni Refinery for the supply of low lead petrol.
Besides, RFCCU & DHDT have been provided for premium and low sulphur gasoline and High Speed
Diesel. Also, sulphur removal from product streams and recovery of elemental sulphur as by product is
carried out in Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU).
Indian
Oil
8.2.4
8.3

at Barauni Refinery
C8- 3
Crude/Product Movement by Pipeline

Since the crude oil supply to Barauni Refinery will continue through the pipeline and additional products
after meeting the local demand will be also dispatched through product pipeline, the refinery operations
after the new projects (at 6.0 MMTPA) will not have any impact on the surrounding environment.
Transportation of crude and petroleum products by means of cross-country pipeline is the most
environment friendly and economical option.
OTHER MITIGATORY MEASURES
i) To protect ozone layer
Halon gas used in fire extinguishers is an ozone destroyer. Barauni Refinery has stopped procurement
of Halon type extinguishers and old stocks have already been phased out.
ii) Management of Oily Sludge
Hot gas oil circulation is employed to minimise the sludge generation at source itself. The sludge is
then treated in the melting pit for recovery of oil and residual sludge is biodegraded in the identified
disposal site. Residual sludge ex melting pits is disposed off through microbial route and natural
weathering.
iii) Installation of flue gas scrubber (first time in India) for reducing the particulate matter and SO2
emission from RFCC regenerator stack.
iv) Double seals in LPG and Naptha and phenol pumps to reduce fugitive emissions.
v) Provision of drum skimmers in guard basin to recover floating oil from liquid effluent.
vi) Closed storage of phenolic effluent from coker unit to reduce emission of toxic vapour.
vii) Stoppage of KTU and commissioning of CRU eliminating the use of hazardous chemicals viz, SO2,
and TEL.
viii) Installation of Sulphur Recovery Unit to reduce Sulphur content in fuel gas thereby reducing SO2
emission from refinery stacks.
(iii) Ecological commitments
Barauni Refinery has a beautiful ecological park developed with its inhouse expertise and
resources where flora and fauna and aquatic life are thriving on treated effluent. This park
symbolizes the harmony between industry and environment and infact is manifestation of all the
green activities in the refinery has undertaken in the field of environment protection.
Spread over an area of 75 acres, its lush green lawns, a large variety of trees and shrubs, pretty
flowers and lot of fresh air- all these asserting fact that in Barauni Refinery, industrial environment
is in perfect harmony with nature.
Efforts have been made to go far beyond the obvious in environment protection. Even scrap
material of refinery is innovatively used to beautify the park.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C8- 4
The eco- pond of park attracts hundreds and thousands of migratory birds in every winter. These ponds
are full of aquatic vegetation.
A large variety of fruit bearing and herbal plants along with 31 varieties of roses are the proud
possession of this park with rabbits, ducks, wild cats, mongoose, snakes and jackals roaming around
with free abandon. The park is always studded with variety of seasonal flowers and the flora and fauna
draw their sustenance from the treated effluent which always meets and exceeds the quality standards
sets as MINAS (Minimal National Standards). The outstanding features of this unique Ecological park
have been applauded and appreciated by various dignitaries, distinguished visitors and media as well.
Ecological Park- A live testimony
8.4
MITIGATORY MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION

The impacts of the construction phase on the environment would be basically of transient nature and
are expected to wear out gradually on completion of the construction programme. However, once the
construction of the units is completed and its operations started, these operation stage impacts would
overlap the impacts due to the construction activities. In this present case, however, the construction
phase impacts would be minimum at the plant site, as the site is already in acquisition.
The impacts in different aspects of environment due to the construction programmes have been
elucidated in Chapter-4. In order to mitigate such impacts and restrict them within tolerable levels, the
Authorities would adopt the following measures:
i) Designation and demarcation of sites for construction camps and ensuring due provision of
necessary infrastructural services as water supply, sewerage and drainage facilities and
electrification.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C8- 5
ii) Implementation of necessary drainage facilities, inclusive of catchpits or sedimentation basins for the
drainage of construction wastewater, prior to discharge.
iii) Regular sprinkling of water around vulnerable areas of the construction sites from trucks or
through installation of water sprinklers or any other suitable methods, to control fugitive dust as and
when required.
8.5
GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT
A comprehensive green belt development plan was prepared for the refinery in consultation with eminent
ecologist Dr D N Rao and consequently, a large number of trees were planted inside the refinery
premises to enhance the aesthetic look of the refinery as well as to serve the purpose of a pollution sink.
Utmost priority is given to the Tree plantation activity, which is undertaken on a regular basis both inside
the refinery premises and in township.
Besides above, extensive tree plantation has been done in the premises of Bio - treatment Plant and an
area of about 75 acres has been developed as an Eco-Park by developing landscapped gardens, flower
beds and fragrant shrubs. Assistance of experts from Zoological and Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta
and landscape architect has been taken in the development of this beautiful park. The migratory fauna
populations invading the polishing pond indicate the quality of the water of the polishing pond.
Over 1,25,000 trees have been planted in the Refinery and Township. The list of the species planted are
given below:
Arjun, Leechi, Ashok, Neem, Menishri, Gulmohar, Karang, Peepal, Bargad, Amaltash, Mahaneem,
Sagwaan, Gular, Sharifa, Pakor, Papaya, Jungle Jilebi, Lemon, Jhau, Coconut, Bottle Brush, Arkesia,
Maulshri, Seesham, Copper pod.
In addition to above, to improve aesthetic look, lawns and flower beds are developed in Refinery and
Township in the proximately of Offices, Workshop, Laboratory, Hospital, Community Centre, School etc.
8.6
FIRE AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Full-fledged fire fighting facilities are provided in the refinery to tackle any fire contingency. Regular
safety audits by internal and external teams are carried out for improving safety performance. Onsite
and offsite Disaster Management Plans have been developed and mock drills are conducted at regular
intervals to keep the disaster management team in a state of full preparedness.
In addition to above, refresher training programmes are conducted at regular intervals for IOC's own
employees/ contractors' labourers as well as tank lorry crews engaged in transportation of products to
enhance their safety awareness and preparedness.
8.7
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS CAMPAIGN

In addition to training of employees in various aspects of pollution control activities of the refinery,
programmes like celebration of World Environment Day, screening of films on environment, tree
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C8- 6
plantation etc are regularly carried out in order to create greater awareness towards environment
protection amongst employees and the people in the neighbouring areas.
8.8
LEGAL AND STATUTORY COMPLIANCE

All the environmental standards/stipulations are fully complied with by Barauni Refinery and the same
will be continued after the future projects (at 6.0 MMTPA crude processing level).
The plant has to obtain yearly clearance from the State Pollution Control Board for liquid, gases &
hazardous wastes disposal. Specific information in prescribed forms is to be submitted as per Water
(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, Hazardous Waste
(Management & Handling) Manufacture, Storage & Import of Hazardous, Chemicals Rules etc. It is to be
supervised that all requirements under these Acts and Rules are met and if not met, the explanation for it.
Besides, under Environment (Protection) Act, Environmental Statement for each financial year is also to
be submitted.
The engineer-in-charge for the Environmental Cell will prepare these reports with the help of the
production engineers.
BR is at present meeting all statutory requirements.
8.9
DOCUMENTATION
All the monitoring data, environmental and health related, should be stored in systematic manner so that
the specific records are easily available as required.
8.10 INFORMATION DISSEMINATION AND PUBLIC RELATIONS

Everybody now a days is concerned about environmental pollution. A chemical plant is therefore
susceptible to people as a source of local pollution. It is therefore needed that people should be provided
with environmental data related to the plant so that wrong apprehensions can be removed. This requires
a well-planned public relation and information dissemination process so that unnecessary public
intervention is avoided. In this connection, the refinery has been observing Environment week, organising
different programmes with participation from local bodies, encouraging local community in environmental
projects (like tree plantation) etc.
8.11 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A quality assurance plan has already been developed which includes all reference methods for
monitoring, relevant analytical technique, calibration of equipment, standard of reagents, collection and
presentation of results, frequencies of monitoring etc. Data reporting and system audit plan is included
therein. This Quality Assurance Plan will continue after the installation of the new projects.
8.12
POLLUTION CONTROL CELL

A dedicated pollution control cell consisting of experienced and qualified engineers coordinates all the
activities related to environmental management in the refinery. This cell apprises day to day performance
of pollution control activities to the higher management as well as develops plans for further improvement
in the existing facilities.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C8- 7
Similarly, there is a full-fledged pollution control laboratory, having modern and sophisticated equipments
and manned by qualified personnel to monitor performance on a day to day basis.
8.13 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ACTIVITIES
8.13.1 Occupational Health Centre
Occupational health monitoring of the employees is being done since inception by the refinery hospital.
However, the existing facilities have been further strengthened by setting up a full fledged Occupational
Health Centre (OHC) equipped with latest clinical, pathological and work environment monitoring
equipment and manned by professionally qualified and trained Doctors and paramedical staff. The OHC
has started functioning from middle of 1994.
8.13.2 Medical Check up
Occupational health is given utmost importance in Barauni Refinery. A full fledged occupational health
centre manned by an occupational physician, occupational hygienist and other paramedical staff is fully
operation. This centre is equipped with the following modern diagonostic equipments:
1. Self-Interpreting ECG machine
2. Audiometer
3. Titmus Vision Tester
4. Snails chart
5. Direct and Indirect Opthalmoscope
6. Respirometer
7. Complete Pathology Lab
8. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
To ensure proper health of employees and detect any problems well in time, the following medical
check ups are conducted:
Pre-employment check up
Before joining, an employee is thoroughly examined to ensure that he is medically fit to perform his
duties.
Annual medical check up
All employees above the age of 40 have to undergo this medical check up annually once.
Canteen/contract worker's check up
All canteen and contract workers are medically examined to see that they are suitable for the jobs
they perform.
Territorial Army & CISF personnel's check up
Volunteers of Territorial Army and Central Industrial Security Force personnel are given medical
check up on need basis.
Heavy Equipment Operators
Heavy equipment operators like loco drivers and crane operators are also given regular medical
check up once a year.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C8- 8
Medical check up of personnel working in Hazardous area

All workers employed in hazardous areas are given thorough medical check up.
8.13.3
Training of Employees
During First-Aid training programme, classes on occupational health & hygiene are held for the
officers & staff. All employees are exposed to this training.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 1
CHAPTER-9
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
9.1
INTRODUCTION
Barauni Refinery (BR) of Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), a public sector undertaking of the
Govt. of India, is located at Barauni in Begusarai district of the state of Bihar. The refined products
fulfil the requirement of the eastern region by road, rail and also a product pipeline going upto
Kanpur, UP via Patna, Mughalsarai & Allahabad. A branch pipe line from Gowria (Near Kanpur)
also supplies product to Lucknow. The imported crude oil from African countries (eg. Nigeria,
Congo etc.), Middle East Countries and Malaysia is supplied to Barauni Refinery through a Haldia
Barauni crude oil pipeline.
In view of the future specification, the demand of quality petroleum products, particularly HSD and
MS, will increase notably in the country. Having realised and identified the need, the management
at Barauni Refinery has planned to install some additional facilities to improve the HSD & MS
quality in Barauni Refinery. Besides, in order to optimize refinery product pattern and economic
viability, facilities for increased processing of high sulphur crude are also envisaged.
As per EIA Notification 2006, published on 14th September 2006, all projects or activities, including
expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities or change in Product Mix, falling
under Category A in the Schedule shall require prior Environmental Clearance from Ministry of
Environment & Forests, Govt. of India.
All projects of Petroleum Refining Industry shall be treated as Category A projects and therefore,
shall require prior Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India.
In this connection, Barauni Refinery submitted an application along with filled up Form I in the
prescribed format and Pre-feasibility Report to MoEF for seeking prior Environmental Clearance
for its proposed project vide Letter No. EP/EC-APPL dated 08.12.2006. Subsequently, the
proposal was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry) in its 63rd meeting, held on
28th March 2007 to determine the Terms of Reference (TOR) for undertaking detailed EIA study for
obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006.
Accordingly, MoEF issued a letter (Ref. F. No. J-11011/491/2006-IA II (I)) dated 7 th May 2007, with
mention of the finalized Terms of Reference. The Expert Appraisal Committee approved the TOR,
as proposed by Barauni Refinery. The Committee also suggested some additional TORs for the
preparation of the EIA/EMP Report.
As advised, the Draft EIA/EMP Report was prepared, accommodating all the components, based
on finalized TOR for its submission to Bihar State Pollution Control Board.
Subsequently, the Public Hearing was conducted on 25.09.2007 at Officers Club, Barauni
Refinery Township. Barauni Refinery has already planned to take/ has taken actions on the
relevant issues raised during the meeting.
9.0 Executive Summary
Enirotech East Pvt Ltd
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 2
This EIA Report is prepared on the basis of the available secondary data/ literature along with the
on-site data during the period (20th March 2007 19th June 2007) representing the summer
season, generated through on-site monitoring of relevant environmental components and
parameters.
9.2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Barauni Refinery was commissioned in the year 1964 with a Crude Processing Capacity of 1.0
MMTPA with one Crude Distillation Unit. This capacity was increased to 3.3 MMTPA with the
addition of two CDUs in the years 1966 and 1969 respectively.
Its present refining capacity is 6 MMTPA, through the revamp of the existing primary units along
with the installation of the units like RFCCU, DHDT unit, LPG treating unit, Gasoline Treating Unit,
Hydrogen Unit and Sulfur Recovery Unit.
In order to meet BS-III Specifications, Barauni Refinery has planned to incorporate some new
facilities in their existing Refinery System in connection with the MS Quality and HSD Quality
upgradation projects.
Also, in order to optimize refinery processing economics and at the same time to enlarge the
refinery product slate with production of Bitumen and ATF as finished products, maximization of
high sulphur crude processing is envisaged. This will involve changes in configuration of Process
units like RFCCU & Cokers along with suitable metallurgy upgradation as part of major revamp of
the facilities.
The following new units are proposed under MS Quality Upgradation Project:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Reformate Splitter Unit

Naphtha Hydro-treating & Splitter Unit (NHDT)
Isomerisation Unit (ISOM)
FCC Gasoline Selective Hydro-treating (SHU) Prime G + Unit
FCC Gasoline Hydro-desulphurisation Unit (HDS) Prime G + Unit
Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU)
DHDT Naphtha Splitter Unit
Besides, existing Catalytic Reforming Unit will be revamped with the addition of one new
reformer reactor by replacing one existing reformer reactor.
Under HSD Quality Upgradation Project, DHDT unit, installed under 6.0 MMTPA expansion
project will be modified with the inclusion of one additional reactor.
The following new units are proposed under High Sulphur Crude Maximisation Project:
Apart from this, the existing units i.e., Delayed Coker Unit (Coker-A) and Residue Fluidised
Catalytic Cracking Unit will be revamped.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 3
Among the proposed offsite and associated facilities, Storage Tanks [5 X 5000 m3 (for
Intermediate Products), 3 X 3000 m3 (for ATF), 2 X 3000 m3 (for Bitumen)], Hydrogen Bullet (1 X
225 m3), Cooling Tower Cells (1 X 2650 m3/hr, 1 X 3250 m3/hr capacities), Turbine Generators (1
X 20 MW) at existing TPS, Boiler (1 X 150 TPH) at existing TPS, DM Water Plant (130 m3/hr
capacity), Air Compressor (1 X 6500 Nm3/hr capacity) + Dryer (1 X 1500 Nm3/hr capacity),
Nitrogen Unit and Bitumen Dispatch Facilities are envisaged.
All these facilities will come under MS Quality Upgradation and High Sulphur Crude Maximisation
Projects. No additional auxiliary facilities have been considered under HSD Quality Upgradation
Project. All other offsite & utility requirements would be met through the existing facilities which
include Fire Fighting Facilities, ETP, Raw water etc.
The refinery has a Captive Power Plant for meeting the requirement of steam and power. There
are 5 boilers, each of 75 MT/hr capacity. There are three Turbo Generators (TG), two of 12 MW
capacity each and the third of 12.5 MW capacity. The TPS has a DM plant to meet the boiler feed
water requirement and an independent cooling tower. In addition to 3 nos. of TGs., there are 2
nos. Gas Turbines (GTs) of 20 MW each, integrated with HRSG, each of 40 MT/hr steam
genration capacity. Peak demand of Power at the existing refinery operation is of the order of 42
MW. This is being met from the existing system by operating 5 nos. boilers (each 75 MT/hr steam
generation capacity) and 3 nos. turbo generators (two of 12 MW and one of 12.5 MW capacity)
and the GTs. This will go up to around 52.5 MW after the commissioning of the new facilities. One
Steam Turbine Generator (STG) of 20 MW capacity with one boiler of 150 MT/hr capacity has
been proposed, which will be integrated to the existing CPP (Captive Power Plant). After
implementation of all the facilities, total 4 boilers (3 Existing + 1 New) and 2 GTs (existing) and 1
TG (new) will be in operation. With the installation of new boiler & TG, numbers of equipment in
operation will be reduced.
The fresh water requirement of the refinery is met by ground water, supplied through 9 nos. of
artesian tube wells installed in close proximity of the refinery boundary. In the refinery, water is
required for operation of the process units, cooling towers and TPS, and also to meet the domestic
demand within the refinery. The existing water requirement for the refinery stands at 1155 m3/hr.
This will go up to 1397 m3/hr after the installation of the new projects.
The fuel supply for the heaters in the process plant consists of low "S" fuel oil and sweet fuel gas
which is obtained from the refinery fuel gas network. In addition, naphtha / HSD is also supplied to
GTs as fuel from separate tanks.
The imported crude oil from Nigeria, Malaysia and Middle East Countries is supplied to Barauni
Refinery through a Haldia Barauni crude oil pipeline.
The finished products from the refinery are despatched by three different modes viz. Rail, Road
and Pipeline. Two broad gauge tank wagon loading gantries are provided for loading white oil and
black oil products.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 4
White oil is transferred to the tanks of adjacent terminal of IOC (Marketing) to despatch to local
areas. Tanks truck loading gantry (1 no.) is provided for the despatch of special products. While oil
products are pumped through Barauni/ Kanpur product pipeline (1.8 MMTPA capacity) with the
tap-off points at Patna, Mughalsarai, Allahabad, Kanpur and Lucknow. The products received from
the Haldia-Barauni Pipeline are also despatched through the Barauni- Kanpur Pipeline.
In addition to the major facilities mentioned above, the refinery has elaborate fire protection
facilities and fire water network covering all the areas, LPG bottling plant to fill LPG cylinders, bulk
LPG despatch facilities, Quality Control Laboratory, various site offices and the Administrative
Block.
Barauni Refinery has been provided with an Effluent Treatment Plant since its inception, so that
the effluent quality meets the specifications. Subsequently, facilities like Chemical Treatment, BioTreatment plant (BTP) were added to ensure that the effluent meets the quality as per the latest
and more stringent quality standards under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. A separate
pumping station has been provided for the recycling of the treated effluent back to the refinery for
various end uses.
There are a number of sources where liquid effluents get generated at the refinery which ultimately
are routed to the Effluent Treatment Plant to take care of the pollutants carried by these streams.
The treated water ex ETP along with the township (domestic) effluent is subsequently treated in
BTP to meet Minimal National Standards (MINAS), as notified by Central Pollution Control Board.
The total effluent load from the refinery after the installation of the proposed projects will be about
520 m3/hr. The waste water streams due to the proposed projects will be similar to those,
generated in the existing refinery. The existing ETP has a design capacity of 600 m3/hr and that of
the BTP is 1162 m3/hr. Therefore, the effluent load of around 520 m3/hr in the ETP and around 694
m3/hr in the BTP will be easily treated there.
Performance evaluation of the Effluent Treatment Plant & the Biological Treatment Plant is
conducted on the daily basis. The effluent quality is well within MINAS regulations both
qualitatively and quantitatively. After the commissioning of the additional units, pollution load will
increase but will meet MINAS both qualitatively and quantitatively.
The existing Effluent Treatment and Biological Treatment Plants are undergoing the process of
modernisation. The capacity of the ETP will be increased from the existing level of 600 m3/hr to
1000 m3/hr and that of BTP from 1162 m3/hr to 1500 m3/hr, with the modification of the existing
equipment in both the ETP and the BTP. This will create the spare capacity to meet contingencies.
Barauni Refinery is reusing most of the treated effluent for:
Fire Tank/ cooling water make up

Coke Cutting
Gardening and horticulture and,
Eco Ponds
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 5
Storm water gets generated during rains from various catchment areas in the refinery such as
Tank farms, Loading Gantries, paved areas in various units, building roofs, roads and surrounding
open areas. Presently a large fraction of storm water generated flows through the storm water
open channel particularly in monsoon. The storm water from various areas gets routed through the
network of open channels which are interconnected and finally the storm water flows out of the
refinery to a burrow pit. The coke cutting water is also routed to the storm water channel.
At Barauni Refinery, the storm water was observed to be free from oil. Any accidental spillage of
oil from tank farm dyked area (provided, the dyke valves are open for storm water channel) or pipe
leaks etc might lead to oil passage to the storm water system. Every storm water stream,
therefore, has passed through single and double oil catchers to arrest such accidental oil spillage.
BR has provided good facilities for oil recovery from tank wagon loading leaks or floor washings by
providing a number of oil / traps and separators which were found to be quite effective.
Mainly four types of solid wastes are generated in the Refinery and its townships; namely oily
sludge, biological sludge (from the biological treatment of the wastewater), other industrial solid
wastes (intermittent) and the domestic solid wastes.
The oily-sludge and spent catalyst of RFCCU are the hazardous wastes generated in refinery
operations. The oily sludge is subjected to the melting pit treatment, through which the maximum
amount of oil recoverable is extracted from the sludge and the residual oil sludge used to be
disposed off through biodegradation at bio-remediation site through weathering by a special
bacterial consortium. The residual oily sludge was accumulated in a synthetic lined pit of 2500 m3
before storage. From March, 2007, the recovery of oil in the oily sludge is being done by
Mechanised skid process wherein the residual oily sludge oil content is in the range of 5-10%
against previous 15-20%. The residual oily sludge water content is lesser by 10-20% leading to
lower sludge quantity for bio-remediation. The residual oily sludge generated as in previous years
will be harmlessly degraded into waste and carbon dioxide using a process called bio-remediation.
In this process, the sludge is spread out on earmarked site and a bacterial consortium oilivorous
S is applied along with nutrients. The designated area is tilled every fortnight using a tractor trailer.
The bacteria, jointly developed by M/s TERI and IOCL (R&D) eats away the oil and sulfur present
in the sludge. The added nutrients speed up the process. In a period of 10-12 weeks, the oily
sludge is bio-degraded and the site is used again for a fresh phase of bio-remediation of additional
new sludge. About 18000 MT of residual oily sludge has been biodegraded during 1998-2007. The
quality of soil at the Bio-remediation site is checked regularly w.r.t. accumulation of heavy metals.
Also, underground water quality is checked in the periphery of the site. So far, no adverse impact
has been found.
The spent catalyst from RFCCU is stored in concrete lined pits as well as packed in empty
polybags. These polybags are containers in which fresh catalyst is received at Refinery. The
polybags are then stored under roof to safegaurd from inclement weather.
With regards to its disposal, the same can be utilised either as filler in bituminous mixture used for
road construction or as raw material for the cement industries. The use in road construction is
corroborated by a research carried out by Central Road Research Institute and communicated to
IOCL which says that 3% spent catalyst mixed with 2% lime in bitumen improves the road quality.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 6
In regards to use of spent catalyst in cement industry, the same is corroborated by the report of
National Coucil for Cement and Building Material in December'03. The report suggests the use of
spent catalyst as a replacement of fly ash used as raw material in Cement Production.
Accordingly, a trial was carried out at M/s Kalyanpur Cement Limited, Banjari with 50 MT of spent
catalyst in Jan-Feb'07. Based on the encouraging results, disposal of spent catalyst by means of
regular supply to M/s KCL, Banjari through bulk trucks is being pursued. In addition, Ambuja
Cement Ltd., Darlaghat, HP, which is currently taking similar catalyst from Panipat Rerfinery, has
also agreed to take the spent catalyst ex BR. The modalities & transportation arrangements are
being worked out. In the meantime, the catalyst will continue to be disposed off in the concrete
lined pits.
The biological sludge from the sludge drying bed is being used as manure by the refinery in their
township and the ECO Park etc.
The metallic wastes or the scraps are auctioned. There will not be any additional solid waste
generation due to the new projects except tank bottom sludge in due course of tank M & I.
Presently, there are 15 stacks. There will be another 6 new stacks after the installation of the
proposed projects. Major pollutant, emitted is sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Other emissions are negligible. The total SO2 load after the installation of the proposed projects
will be 1035 kg/hr.
The expected date of the commissioning of the proposed project is December 2009. There is
marginal permanent employment generated by the project but during construction and erection
there will be a large number of skilled and unskilled manpower requirement for the project. An
additional 5-10 persons will be permanently employed in the proposed project. The total cost of
the project will be around Rs 1550.24 Crores.
9.3
9.3.1
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

Study Area and General Environment
Barauni Refinery (BR) is located in Development Block Barauni of District Begusarai of the State
of Bihar, about 8 kms. away from the Northern or left bank of Ganges. From Patna, the state
capital, BR is about 125 km due east. The latitude and longitude at the Refinery site is 25o26' N
and 86o04' E respectively. The district head quarters town of Begusarai is about 6 km to the East
and the Refinery Township is just adjacent to Begusarai, thus being about 5 km from the refinery.
The block head quarter town of Barauni is about 10 km due WNW. The region surrounding BR is
extremely plain and the variation in ground levels is mainly seen only on approaching the "diaras"
between 40 and 44 m above MSL. With the mighty Ganga forming its southern boundary, the
Ganga flood-plains (or "diaras") constituting at least 25% of the geographical area and a
reasonable annual rainfall averaging over 1110 mm, the area is not subject to water scarcity. The
sandy alluvial soils of the study area favour wheat, maize, millets, oilseeds and pulses besides a
variety of vegetables and fruits. The area, particularly Northern upland tracts has had prosperous
agriculture and fruit orchards for centuries. No forests or wild life sanctuaries are found within the
study area.
Indian
Oil
9.3.2

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 7
Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology

This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study has been carried out to determine the
environmental impacts on different disciplines of environment that would be caused due to the
installation of the proposed projects, and ultimately to formulate an Environmental Management
Plan (EMP) consisting of recommendations of mitigatory measures to control the adverse impacts
and formulation of an environmental monitoring programme.
This EIA study is based on field enquiries and investigations, collection of the existing information
and generation of data, whichever is applicable and necessary for the relevant environmental
parameters as soil, land use, meteorology, water quality, air quality, noise, terrestrial & aquatic
ecology, and demography & socioeconomics.
This EIA report is prepared on the basis of the available secondary data/ literature along with three
months (20th March, 2007 19th June, 2007) on-site data through on-site monitoring of the
relevant environmental components and parameters. The impacts have been evaluated over the
study area, which encompasses all areas within a 10 km radius around the project site.
9.3.3
Soil & Land Use

Soil samples have been collected from 5 locations within the study area once during the month of
May, 2007.
Soils in the area are mostly silty or clay loam in texture and contain large percentage of silt and
clay and hence, possess high water holding capacity and good fertility status. The soils are
observed to possess reasonable amount of Nitrate (67.54 78.65) ppm, Phosphate (1.15 2.45
ppm) and Potassium (0.87 3.12) ppm, which indicate moderate to good fertility or agricultural
potential of the soils. The levels of other elements are appreciably good.
The land use pattern within the study area of around 10 kms. radius from the plant of Barauni
Refinery has been assessed using Geographic Information System (GIS).
9.3.4
Air Quality
To establish the background data on air quality, ambient air quality monitoring was conducted at 8
appropriate locations within the study area at a frequency of twice a week for the entire three
months monitoring period (20th March, 2007 19th June, 2007). The parameters monitored
included SPM, RPM, SO2 & NOx.
The overall mean (mean of all the 8 locations) of 24-hourly average values of SPM, RPM, SO2 and
NOx in the area were 217 g/m3, 64 g/m3, 10 g/m3 and 32 g/m3 respectively which were much
within the permissible limits for industrial areas.
9.3.5
Meteorology
The climate of the area is tropical humid and generally variable, characterised by four distinct
seasons namely summer (March to May), monsoon (June to September), post-monsoon (October
to November) and winter (December to February). May-June is the hottest and December-January
is the coldest month.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 8
The nearest existing meteorological station maintained by India Meteorological Department (IMD)
is situated at Patna, located about 125 km west of the project site and hence deemed
representative for the study area. The station is observed to be well manned and equipped with
thermometer, barometer, raingauge and wind monitor. Another IMD observatory is located at
Bhagalpur, about 150 km east of the project site. Therefore, it may be presumed that the climate of
the site will be in between of Patna and Bhagalpur.
Maximum temperatures at Patna are recorded during May (mean maximum 38.9oC) while
minimum temperatures occurred during January (mean minimum 11.0oC). Similarly, maximum
temperatures at Bhagalpur are recorded during May (mean maximum 38.3oC) while minimum
temperatures occurred during January (mean minimum 11.8oC). Humidity is usually moderate to
high. During the monsoon months, particularly July to September it was found ranging (80-83% in
the morning and 75-78% in the evening). The corresponding values at Bhagalpur were found
ranging between 82-84% in the morning and between 74-80% in the evening.
The average annual rainfall is about 1,110 mm (at Patna) and about 1,143 mm (at Bhagalpur).
Though wind speeds at Bhagalpur in summer are slightly higher than at Patna, Patna is more
windy than Bhagalpur in other seasons, particularly monsoon and winter. From the distribution of
wind direction at Patna, the monsoon months of June to September, SE-E-NE are the most
frequent corridors both at morning and evening hours. However, during winter months, particularly
November to March, the most frequent wind corridors are NW-W-SW. At Bhagalpur, during the
monsoon months of June to September, the frequent corridors are SE-E-NE. During the
postmonsoon and winter months, particularly November to February, wind reverses itself with the
NW-W-SW sectors being the principal directions. During summer months of March and April, the
principal directions are E, W and SE.
An on-site meteorological observatory was set up close to the project site, which was operated
continuously for three months (20th March, 2007 19th June, 2007). The parameters monitored on
a daily/hourly basis at this observatory included temperatures, relative humidity, atmospheric
pressure, wind speed and wind direction.
9.3.6
Water Quality
The River Ganga flows from NW to SE at about 8 km south of Barauni Refinery. The Ganga, being
the life-line of the region, its quality and ecology have been attracting the attention of masses and
are becoming matter of concern. As the main drainage channel of the region, Ganga receives
pollutional loads of domestic and industrial waste waters and also agricultural run off. The treated
IOC effluent is discharged into it through an underground pipeline at Kasha Diara, 5 km.
downstream from Rajendra Bridge. Presently, very low quantity of the treated effluent is being
discharged into Ganga. Most of the treated effluent is being re-used as a make up in fire water,
coke cutting water, cooling tower and for watering plants/shrubs in ecological park and as make up
water to eco-ponds. To assess the quality of water in river Ganga intercepted in the study area
and the impact of Refinery discharges on the water quality, if any, 2 stations were selected and
monitored. 8 monitoring stations in the study area were identified for the assessment of the ground
water quality. Water samples were drawn at a frequency of once in a month during the entire
sampling period of March, 2007 to May, 2007 and analysed for physical, chemical and
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 9
bacteriological parameters as well as trace inorganics, heavy metals and toxic constituents for
drawing up the baseline data.
As regard to water quality of the river Ganga, the ranges of various parameters monitored were:
conductivity (307 351) mhos/cm, DO (7.7 8.2 mg/l, BOD (2.4 3.8) mg/l, COD (4.9 6.1
mg/l), chlorides (16.4 21.1) mg/l, sulphates (17.2 27.4) mg/l. Hence, no significant impact on
water quality of river Ganga due to BR effluent is perceived.
As far as ground water quality is concerned, the values of various parameters observed were:
Conductivity (706 746) mhos/cm, hardness (311 - 378) mg/l, chlorides (25 57) mg/l and iron
(0.75 1.18) mg/l. It reveals that the ground water is free of any kind of industrial and urban
pollution and is fit for human consumption, in general.
9.3.7
Noise
It is observed from the ambient noise monitoring carried out once at 21 locations around the
project site that the day and night time noise levels beyond the refinery boundary were within the
permissible limit.
9.3.8
Ecology
There is no natural forest in the area, however there are plantations developed by the forest
department along road sides. Also there are self growing plants, vegetation and grasses. The land
in the study area is well suited for different types of crops. Generally, agriculture is practiced in two
phases during monsoon (Kharif crops) and winter (Rabi crops). In Kharif, maize, Jawar, Paddy are
main crops and pulses are grown at few pockets of the study area. In Rabi wheat, maize, oilseeds
such as mustard, caster oil are cultivated. Besides these main crops, different types of vegetables
are grown during both the seasons.
The ecology of Ganga River was found in the healthy state and there was no impact due to the
discharge of the treated effluent of Barauni Refinery.
9.3.9
Demography and Socio-economics

Barauni Refinery falls in Begusarai district of Bihar. The study area includes either partly or entirely
129 villages and 3 urban areas namely Barauni, Begusarai and IOC Township. As per 2001
census, the population of the total villages, consisted of 6,04,478. The Study area had an average
family size of 6.05 persons per household. The sex ratio (females per 1000 males) is about 889.
11.99 % population belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC) and about 0.3 % are Scheduled Tribes
(ST). The overall literacy rate is about 45.12%. The working population or main workers comprise
about 28.49 % of the total population.
In all, there are 212 primary schools, 62 middle schools, 21 Secondary schools, 13 Adult Literacy
Class/Centre, 4 Graduate College, 1 Industrial School, 6 Senior Secondary School and 2 other
educational institutions in the study area. 122 villages in the study area have electricity
connections. The primary source of drinking water is hand pumps & wells.
Indian
Oil
9.4
9.4.1

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 10
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Impacts on Soil and Land use
Sludge is processed through Mechanised Skid Process, wherein the residual oily sludge oil
content is in the range of only 5-10%. The residual oily sludge generated will be harmlessly
degraded into waste and carbon dioxide using a process called bio-remediation, wherein the
sludge is spread out on earmarked site and a bacterial consortium oilivorous S is applied along
with nutrients. The added nutrients speed up the process. In a period of 10-12 weeks, the oily
sludge is bio-degraded and the site is used again for a fresh phase of bio-remediation of additional
new sludge. The quality of soil at the Bio-remediation site is checked regularly w.r.t. accumulation
of heavy metals. Also, underground water quality is checked in the periphery of the site. So far, no
adverse impact has been found.
As the proposed project will be accommodated within the existing plant boundary, there will be no
impact on the Land use pattern of the area outside the plant.
9.4.2
Impacts on Hydrology and Water Use

The water requirement at BR is met by the ground water supplied through 9 nos. of the artesian
tube wells installed in close proximity of the refinery boundary. The abstraction of about 1397
m3/hr (1155 m3/hr for existing 6.0 MMTPA capacity and 242 m3/hr of the additional water for the
proposed projects) for use by Barauni Refinery should not cause any concern about ground water
depletion. The annual consumption by BR shall work out to be about 12 million m 3. If one were to
assume natural local recharge to be 13 cms. from about 12% of the annual average rainfall of
1110 mm percolating to the underground water-table, all it would need is around 85 sq km. area to
recharge the abstracted amount which is only 27% of the study area.
The additional water requirement of the project will be met through the existing tubewells
developed to cater to the present demand, thus having no impact on the surrounding users as far
as water use is concerned.
9.4.3
Impacts on Water Quality

The chances of the groundwater contamination under the plant site is small because most
chemicals are used in the areas that are paved and water falling on those locations are subjected
to treatment.
The treated effluent of the refinery is discharged into it through an underground pipeline at Kasha
Diara, 5 km. downstream of Rajendra Bridge. Presently, little quantity of the treated effluent is
being discharged into Ganga. The major portion is being recycled back to the refinery for various
end uses. Even after the installation of the proposed projects, this practice will continue and,
hence, no impact on the Ganga water is envisaged.
9.4.4
Impacts on Air Quality

The major sources of emission in a refinery are a number of heaters in the different units. Fuel oil
is burnt in the heaters. Besides the heaters, the Captive Thermal Power Station also burns fuel oil
to raise steam for the power generation and supply of process steam. Naphtha/ diesel is also used
as fuel in GTs for power generation. Naphtha/ diesel is also used as fuel in GTs for power
generation. As a result, stack emissions would be constituted of mainly sulphur dioxide (SO2) and
oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Other emissions like particulates (SPM) & carbon monoxide (CO) will be
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 11
much lower or negligible compared to SO2. Considering stack characteristics pertaining to all the
stacks (the existing and the future) it is evident that there are 21 stacks of various heights ranging
from 40 to 80.47 m with stack exit diameter varying from 0.61 to 3.5 m. While stack gas
temperature varies from 90 to 350C, the stack gas exit velocity varies between 5.27 and 21.4
m/s.
The hourly meteorological data like ambient temperature, wind speed and wind direction used for
air quality modelling have been taken from such data, generated through continuous on-site
monitoring during three months period (March 2007 June 2007).
The absolute maximum of the predicted GLCs of SO2 & NOx would be about 67 & 9.4 g/m3
respectively, which will occur in future at a distance of about 1.1 1.4 kms, i.e., close to the plant
boundary. This also includes the contributions from the existing units of the plant though its
contribution is already reflected in the baseline ambient air quality, and thus provides a picture of
the total contribution of the plant.
The predicted maximum GLCs of SO2 & NOx due to operation of the plant, in any case, are within
the permissible limit of 80 g/m3 applicable for industrial areas as stipulated in the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards.
9.4.5
Impacts on Noise
Though operational activities is not expected to cause any undue disturbances to the people living
in the proximate areas outside the plant boundary, impacts on persons working very close to the
said unit are likely.
Impacts of noise on workers could be minimised through adoption of adequate protective
measures in the form of (a) use of personal protective equipment (ear plugs, ear muffs, noise
helmets etc.), (b) education and public awareness, and (c) exposure control through the rotation of
work assignments in the intense noise areas.
9.4.6
Impacts on Ecology
The harmful effects of such air pollutants as SPM, SO2, and NOx in affecting growth and other
similar functions of trees, either singularly or synergistically is well known. However, such effects
are experienced only at high levels. The levels of pollutants contributed by the project are much
lower and are not envisaged to cause any such stress.
No thermal pollution is expected as closed cycle cooling system will be adopted. As the effluent of
the proposed units will be completely treated and its quality is expected to be similar to the level
achieved now, no impact on water bodies is envisaged.
9.4.7
Impacts on Demography and Socio-economics

Some workforce comprising of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labourers will be needed at the
peak period of construction phase. Since most of labour force will be drawn from established
neighbourhood, no new environmental problem is anticipated. Only for a few skilled personnel,
brought to site from outside the locality, proper housing/accommodation would be provided in the
established township.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 12
As the construction phase will be limited to a very short time span, it would not have any long term
effect.
IOCL proposes to continue the current community development and awareness programmes for
the people in the surrounding area.
9.5
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

An Environmental Monitoring Programme is already in progress at the existing plant and all the
facilities for monitoring exist at the site. The monitoring shall be strengthened further to include
requirement of the proposed projects. Monitoring will be done as per stipulation of the State
Pollution Control Board.
9.6
PROJECT BENEFITS
The installation of the new projects will result in the large beneficial impacts on several fronts. The
Installation of the MS Quality Upgradation Project will ensure compliance with the MS
specifications (EURO-III Regular Grade) as per MoEF Gazette Notification in May 1996. With the
installation of DHDT 3rd Reactor, there will be reduction in input cost by processing cheaper crude
whose Gas Oil cetane number is low and incremental gross refining margin is Rs. 42 Crores/
Annum. The installation of High Sulphur Crude Maximisation Project will result in the reduction of
the input cost by the absorption of more HS crude. There will be improvement in the margin by Rs.
155 Crores/ Annum. In addition, gross economic yield shall increase through increase in
agricultural produce, animal husbandry produce, high income group and through marketing
multiplier effect. The benefits accrued shall be obviously tremendous in local as well as regional
context.
9.7
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Barauni Refinery is an existing refinery running for more than four decades. It has a detailed
Environmental Management Programme and it meets all statutory requirements.
There has been continuous thrust on the reduction of energy usage by means of adopting various
energy conservation (ENCON) measures. ENCON is an ongoing process and plans have been
formulated to achieve a further saving in the coming years. The refinery has upgraded efficiency of
its furnaces and boilers from (65-70)% in the early sixties to over (88 92) %, thereby bringing
down energy consumption.
Similar to ENCON, there is a constant thrust on loss control and resource conservation measures.
There has been considerable reduction in Fresh Water consumption by diverting once through
cooling water to circulating water system in various units. Treated effluent is reused for fire water
cooling tower make up, coke cutting purposes, horticulture, green belt development and also in Eco
ponds where adequate life flourishes. There has been minimal discharge of effluent to the river
Ganga since 1997, which is a significant achievement towards conservation of natural resources.
Further, steam leak, pump/ valve gland leak and comprehensive loss control surveys by internal
and external teams are done to reduce losses. These measures have also helped in reducing the
refinery loss.
Indian
Oil

at Barauni Refinery
C9- 13
Catalytic Reforming Unit (CRU) is installed at Barauni Refinery for the supply of low lead petrol.
Besides, RFCCU & DHDT have been provided for premium and low sulphur gasoline and High
Speed Diesel. Also, sulphur removal from product streams and recovery of elemental sulphur as
by- product is carried out in Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU).
Since the crude oil supply to Barauni Refinery will continue through the pipeline and additional
products after meeting the local demand will be also dispatched through product pipeline, the
refinery operations after the new projects (at 6.0 MMTPA) will not have any impact on the
surrounding environment. Transportation of crude and petroleum products by means of crosscountry pipeline is the most environment friendly and economical option.
A comprehensive green belt development plan was prepared for the refinery in consultation with
eminent ecologist Dr D N Rao and consequently, a large number of trees were planted inside the
refinery premises to enhance the aesthetic look of the refinery as well as to serve the purpose of a
pollution sink. Utmost priority is given to the Tree plantation activity, which is undertaken on a
regular basis both inside the refinery premises and in township. Over 1,25,000 trees have been
planted in the Refinery and Township. All the environmental standards/stipulations are fully
complied with by Barauni Refinery and the same will be continued after the future projects (at 6.0
MMTPA crude processing level).
A dedicated pollution control cell consisting of experienced and qualified engineers coordinates all
the activities related to environmental management in the refinery. There is a full-fledged pollution
control laboratory, having modern and sophisticated equipments and manned by qualified personnel
to monitor performance on a day to day basis.
Occupational health monitoring of the employees is being done since inception by the refinery
hospital. However, the existing facilities have been further strengthened by setting up a full fledged
Occupational Health Centre (OHC) equipped with latest clinical, pathological and work environment
monitoring equipment and manned by professionally qualified and trained Doctors and paramedical
staff.
All the environmental standards/ stipulations are fully complied with by Barauni Refinery and the
same will be continued after the future projects (at 6.0 MMTPA crude processing level).

11062015XL38J3Q0Annexure documentofEIA

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

11062015XL38J3Q0Annexure documentofEIA

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

TOR (30th Reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2)

consumption by recycling ETP/BTP water.

A separate chapter on status of compliance of Environmental Conditions granted by

TOR (34th Reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2)

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Updated Chapters of EIA report

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

Chapter-3 : Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

Chapter-7 : Solid Waste & Oily Sludge Management

Updated Chapters of EIA report

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

Updated Chapters of EIA report

Project Description & Benefits

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

Currently IOCL Barauni Refinery has taken up below listed projects

Updated Chapters of EIA report

Project Description & Benefits

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

Revamp / New Unit :

Updated Chapters of EIA report

Project Description & Benefits

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

2.1. MS Quality Up-gradation Path-forward

Additional MUG compressor

Updated Chapters of EIA report

Project Description & Benefits

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

2.3. Present and Post Project Scenario

Coker A Revamp Project :

b) New Biturox Unit :

Updated Chapters of EIA report

Project Description & Benefits

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

4.2. BS-IV Project

Updated Chapters of EIA report

Project Description & Benefits

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

Updated chapters of EIA report

Process Details with Chemical Reactions

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

2.1 Biturox Unit

2.1.2 DESIGN BASIS & CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Updated chapters of EIA report

Process Details with Chemical Reactions

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

High Sulphur Maximization Project &

VACUUM RESIDUE (MAIN FEED COMPONENT)

Kin. Viscosity @ 100C

Heating Test RTFOT