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Base Strategical

Principles:
principle of attack. Attacking moves help us to
realize our plan, and they dont allow our opponent
to realize his plan at the same time. If you can
attack, do it! (A real attacking move is a forcing
move!!!)
(This is the most important principle in a chess
game)
principle of maximum activity. We should make
the moves of the pieces as forward as possible
principle of the material. It means you should
take something if you can.
(The principles of activity and material are the 2
most important ideas in a chess game. That means
you should follow them most of all.)
principle of the least active piece: We should
move first our least active piece in order to get its
maximum activity.
principle of limitation: We should restrict an
activity of opponents pieces (least active piece and
limitation are equal principles nevertheless, first one
activates our own piece while the second one
limitates our opponents piece activity)
principle of neutralization: of the most active
piece of an opponent in our territory of the board,

pushing it back (maximum activity and


neutralization are equal principles since the first one
activates our own piece while the second one
restricts or push back our opponents piece activity)
principle of the pressure. We should not take an
opponents piece, because it will help an opponent
to get more active position (that is why a release of
tension is usually incorrect, if there is not a concrete
tactical solution )
principle of the center. It means that the central
squares are the most important on the board and we
also should bring our pieces to them.

Regarding the opening, there are 3 main tasks


which we need to realize:
1) Develop the pieces. pawn moves could be
good only if they prepare the development of
the pieces. nearly always we should develop
knights before bishops
2)Castle.
3)Connect the rooks (move the queen).
after finishing the main opening tasks, you
should THINK FOR SOME TIME (5-20
minutes) and compose a plan.

In the middlegame we need to start an attack


To start an attack we should compose a plan.
There are just 2 steps which help us to find an
effective plan:
1 We need to realize an object of the attack.
The easiest object of an attack is the
opponents weaknesses. Weaknesses are the
pawns or the squares on the 5th and on the 6th
rank, which cant be protected by pawns. first of
all we should attack the weaknesses in the
center.

2 We should find a way how to attack this


object with our pieces.
When we have a choice, we should start to
calculate the variations.
After changes in the position, we should make
corrections in our plan. (Regarding the position, I
mean the stable factors, which are the material and
the pawn structure.)
Attacking moves are the best. When we make
attacking moves, we improve the position of our
pieces and force opponent to go back, to make
passive defensive moves. Attacking moves help us
to realize our plan, and they dont allow our
opponent to realize his plan at the same time. This
is an ideal situation. In any position, first, we should
try to make attacking moves.

In the endgame we also need to compose a


plan
In the endgame, the biggest value is the
pawns. The pawn structure determines the
plan. There are 2 main plans for an endgame:
1 Advance your passed pawns to promote
them into a new queen.
2 Attack the opponents weak pawns.
In the endgame, the king should be in the center.
Principle of maximum of activity works. We should
make the moves of the pieces as forward as
possible. Certainly, the owners initiative should not
go back.
In the endgame, the active side should make the
moves of the pawns forward. The pawns will be
closer to the 8th rank, and they will fix the
opponents weaknesses.

Thinking Process
1)After the opponents move you should ask
yourself what is the opponents threat? or
what the opponent is going to do on the next
move? (Is he threatening a real or a false
attack?)
2)During the game we should think about the
position in general first, then start to
calculate the concrete variations.

3)To find all the candidate-moves, I recommend


you to focus the attention on every single
piece. If you can see several possibilities in the
position, you should calculate all of them to
realize which one is the best.
4)you should calculate all the forcing moves,
even if they look bad for the first sight.
5)You need to divide the board on 2 parts (in
your head certainly), and find the moves of
your pieces on the opponents territory of the
board which will attack something or take
something.

A REAL
MOVE !!!

ATTACK

IS

ALWAYS

FORCING

Therefore, you need to calculate the FORCING


lines first of all:
Checks;
Captures (take something);
Attack.
6)we should try to attack all the time, it doesnt
matter if the opponent attacked us with his last
move or not.

7)If you cant attack, you need to increase the


activity of your pieces or decrease your
opponents activity.
8)At the end of the forcing variation, we should
evaluate the final position and remember
this evaluation.
9)We can evaluate any changes in the position,
by estimating the change of activity.

Questions before we move


1)How can I move my pieces forward to the
opponents territory and take or attack
something?
2)If I cannot attack something, then:
I will increase my activity or decrease
opponents
activity.
(
calculate
variations)
3)If there is any opponents piece in my
territory, I must neutralize it.
4)If not, then I apply 3 principles: Least active
piece; Maximum activity; Center

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PAWNS RULES

1)You may advance pawns when you have at


least equal pieces activity with your opponent.
2)Avanced pawns are good for attack, but bad for
defense.
3)Dont move pawns when you are under attack.
4)If your activity is higher, you should move
pawns (==> more space)
5)If your activity is lower, you should avoid
moving pawns.

Conclusions of 1st topic pawns


objects of attack:

are

1)Connected pawns are strong, disconnected


are weak.
2)While attacking weak pawns, you should
trade minor pieces and leave heavy pieces
3)You may advance pawns when you have at
least equal pieces activity with your
opponent.
Conclusions of 2nd
topic pawns can
favor or hamper pieces activity:
A) Weak pawns and squares
1)Its better to place a knight in a weak
square
2)A bishop is the best defender of weak
squares

3)If you can fix your piece on a central weak


square on the 5th rank, it gives you a stable
advantage; on the 6th rank a
winning
position
4)Piece activity compensates weaknesses
B) Space advantage
1)You should trade pieces in a tight position;
and you should avoid exchanges when you
have a space advantage
2)The principle of 2 weaknesses
C) Blockade
1)The knight is the best blocking piece
Final Conclusions:
A)For your pawns:
1)Move your pieces first of all. Pawns realize
rather auxiliary function
2)Its useful to keep the pawns connected
B)For opponents pawns
1)Blockade them
2)Attack his weak (=disconnected) pawns
3)Occupy the holes in his pawn structure (weak
squares)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BISHOPS

How to use your bishop?


A bishop needs open diagonals:
1)Put your pawns on an opposite color
comparing to your bishop
2)Move your pawns forward for opening the
position (even with pawn sacrifice!!)
A centralized bishop is very powerful (in a
practical game, that is only possible in an
endgame stage)
A centralized bishop controls both flanks (it
also works mainly at the endgame)
A fianchettoed bishop is usually good
A bishops power rises in the endgame
(attacking on both flanks- principle of 2
weaknesses)
A bishop works well with pawns (filling
holes in our pawns chain or blockading an
opponents pawns chain)
A bishop can work from initial position
Bishopsdrawbacks
A bishop cant work on the squares of an
opposite color
4 ways to restrict opponents Bishop:
1)Oppose your bishop (and probably trade them)

2)Block opponents Bishop by a pawn chain (our


pawn chain or an opponents one)
3)Fix your knight in the center
4)Remove your pieces from the Bishops diagonal
(put them on an opposite color)
Practical rule:
When our bishop has no counterpart, it becomes
more powerful and we should play on that part of
the board where our bishop points to
Bishop vs knight
A bishop is stronger than a knight, especially
when:
1)The position is opened
2)The bishop can play on both flanks
3)At the endgame
A knight can be stronger in 2 major cases:
1)When a bishop is blocked by a pawn chain
2)When a knight can be placed on a strong
central square(s)

2 Bishops
We should activate mostly the bishop who has no
counterpart
They give you a serious advantage in an endgame
and they should allow you to:

1)advance your pawns


2)centralize your king
3)attack opponents on both flanks
4)you can trade an opponents important
defender on 1 of your bishops when necessary

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